Đầu tư phát triển đội tàu trong vận tải biển việt nam tieng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES VU THI HOANG YEN INVESTMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHIPPING FLEET IN VIETNAM’S MARITIME TRANSPORT INDUSTRY NỘI ĐỊA Ở ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG Major: Development Economic Code : 9.31.01.05 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HA NOI - 2020 The thesis is completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisors: Assos Prof Dr Bui Nhat Quang Dr Ngo Van Vu Referee 1: Prof Dr Ngo Thang Loi Referee 2: Assos Prof Dr Le Xuan Dinh Referee 3: Assos Prof Dr Vu Hung Cuong The dissertation will be examined by Examination Board of Academy, at: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences The thesis can be found at: - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences’ Library - National Library INTRODUCTION 1.The necessary of the thesis In 2016, International Marine Organization made a proposal of subject for day of the World Maritime called “The world can not miss marine industry” In the circumstance of global economy is having closed link and integrating deeper, it is recognized the important role, position of marine industry in global economy Nowadays, countries are pushing their export to all over the world and sea transport has become a key means of transport to deliver goods between continents with their own features and priorities compared to other means of transport as by air, railway, road… as it can deliver with a huge volume of weight, big size; cheap cost;… Besides, for countries with advantages of geography, sea transport is also one of key field of economy, because this industry not only creates a large volume of jobs and is able to meet the human resource but not only is an export industry without wasting much natural resource but bring back many foreign currency for the country… Vietnam has a coastaline of more than 3.260km and has potential of developing economic fields related to sea It is realized the importance and potential of developing coastal economy, too, the Party and Government have orientations, strategies to develop coastal economy which was mentioned in Document of the Party Congress course IX until now Specifically, The Party Congress mentioned: “Developing strongly and promoting the strategic role of coastal economy combining with protecting the coastal area: expanding aquaculturing, catching, processing and going further off sea; exploring and processing gas and oil; developing ship building industry, sea transport; tourism, service; developing residential areas on the sea, defending security on the sea” 15, p 95] The Party Congress is more aware of the importance of coastal economy: “Developing coastline economy, sea and islands upon orientation of Sea strategy toward 2020 Building reasonably system of sea ports, industrial zones, economic zones, urban areas connecting with developing industry of ship building and repairing, gas and oil processing and exploring, sea transport, tourism.” 16, tr203] In orientation and strategy of developing ocean economy, it can be seen that sea transport is mentioned very well, and once is proved that the importance of sea transport to ocean economy in particular and all economy in general With importantly geographical position in Asian, Vietnam has potential of developing strongly about sea transport The East Sea lies along arterial route connecting with Pacific Ocean – Indian Ocean, Europe – Asia, Middle East – Asia It is considered to be the second bustling international transport route of the world There are around 150 – 200 ships all kind circulating on the East Sea each day, with 50% are ships of volume over 5,000 tons, more 10% are ships with volume of 30,000 tons over More than 90% commercial transport of the world shall be carried out by sea line and 45% of them must go through the area of East Sea [37, tr6] Volume of gas and oil liquid are transported via this route much more than 15 times of transporting via Panama Canal Being aware of the benefit from transport by sea toghether with the advantage of geographical position, the Party and Government have figured out strategies as well as policies to promote the development of Vietnam sea transport past time When we remind transport by sea, the first important element must be mentioned to be the fleet of ships because they are means that are used to deliver goods In spite of its potential and condition for explore as well as getting much concern, Vietnam fleet of ships have not been developed well but existing many limits Firstly, volume of import and export goods keeps at low Despite its growth, the fleet of ships just can meet 10 – 12% demand of goods export and import of Vietnam by sea according to Vietnam Maritime Administration, in which more than 80% fleet of ships registered to operate in international route of Vietnam just operate on near routes and they are major of South East Asia, China Currently, Vietnam just has some large enterprises which have large general ships with enough ability to operate on routes to America, Europe The rest belongs to foreign shipping lines Even orders of General Import and Export Corporations with state capital (transport coal serving Thermal Power Plants of Power Corporation, Oil and Gas Group, Coal and Mineral Corporation…) also drop into foreign shipping lines Secondly, the fleet of ships are invested much but uneffectively and are not improved its competition Although detended quantity of ships are reduced yearly and Vietnam fleet of ships are arranged to be “white list” by Tokyo – Mou, detented quantity of fleet of ships are quite remarkable Additionally, the echo from the world economic crisis in 2008 has not totally vanished, insecurity in politic or trading war between America – China shall cause more negative impact to sea transport industry of the world which just has the signal of recovery after a series of bankrupt of big shipping lines in the world And Vietnam is not out of those impact Volume of import and export cargo in the world reduces, the market is redundant a vast of ships without cargo for transport, it makes domestic fleet of ships meet a lot of difficulties when competing cargo resource Thirdly, sea transport enterprises have low revenue, they meet difficulties in finance and are in danger of bankrupt Their operation is small and fragment They are not good at management and totally weak compared to foreign owners Besides, almost shipping lines of Vietnam use capital borrowing from commercial banks and have to pay high interest rate Accordingly, increasing gasoline price suddenly also affects to business effectiveness of shipping lines Fourthly, fleet of ships of Vietnam currently are weak about input resources as human resource and technological science Actually, shipping lines are hiring foreign sailors with high cost, meanwhile, sailor team of Vietnam is having tendency to give up job due to low income that they can not cover their life This paradox makes enterprises and labor in the industry suffer from the damage Besides, the government has not got any policies or any reasonable management to orient shipping lines on their investment for a better fleet of ship, which makes fleet of ships of Vietnam currently stay at small size, less big size, container ships and low modernization All above show that sea transportation of Vietnam in general and fleet of ships in particular have not taken advantage of its available potential and many existing things need to be recovered Investment into resources is spreading and lack of key element, since that it does not bring high result from investment and cause loss and waste for the government There is a lot of other difficulties that Marine Industry of Vietnam as well as shipping lines of Vietnam are meeting which are the main cause for the low effectiveness of Vietnam fleet of ships Moreover, in the circumstance of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and deeper international integration of Vietnam currently, marine industry shall surely suffer from certain impact So, originating from elements: sea transport industry in general and fleet of ships in particular play important role in developing ocean economy in particular and Vietnam economy in general; However, has not developed equal to its available potential and the concern and investment of the Government as well as desire of the author that fleet of ships of Vietnam can develop in right way and contribute practically to country, the author chooses the title for her doctoral thesis “Investment in the development of the shipping fleet in Vietnam’s maritime transport industry” Purpose and duty of research of the thesis 2.1.1 Researching purpose of the thesis The thesis tending to basic purpose is theoretial research on investing to develop fleet of ships, on the basis of assessing the status and giving out solutions with scientific basis to bring a better result in investing to develop fleet of ships of Vietnam to year 2030 2.1.2 Research duty of the thesis In order to carry out above research purposes, the thesis has carried out below specific duties : - Firstly, systematizing and building theoretical frame related to invest fleet of ships in sea transport - Secondly, doing practical research and trend of developing fleet of ships in sea transport of countries all over the world - Thirdly, doing research the status of developing fleet of ship in sea transport of Vietnam on three main resources : capital, human resource and technological science Simultaneously, the author also considers the achievements during implementing the development via targets about fleet of ships of Vietnam - Fourthly, clarifying the causes, factors affect to the result of developing fleet of ships in sea transport of Vietnam - Fifthly, proposing the solution of developing fleet of ships in sea transport of Vietnam until 2030 so that fleet of ships of Vietnam can develop powerfully and meet the demand of sea transport in the world Objects and scope of doing research of the thesis In order to achieve research purposes as above, the thesis tends to objects and considers research scope as below : 3.1 Research objects Research object of the thesis is research on investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport of Vietnam 3.2 Scope of research About space: The thesis tend to research about investment of developing fleet of ships in Vietnam territory In which, data about structure of fleet of ships is analysized basing on data about ships that shipping lines in Vietnam registered at Vietnam Maritime Administration However, data about capital resource investing into Vietnam fleet of ships is not made statistic by Vietnam Maritime Admistration, so the author has used data from General Statistics Office which has investigated financial situation of all shipping lines in Vietnam Simultaneously, the thesis only does research to cargo fleet of ships without doing research passenger fleet of ships About content : The thesis focuses on analysing about resources used to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport including capital, human resource and labor because they are considered to be the most important resources Simultaneously, the thesis also gives out targets to consider the situation of Vietnam ship fleet These targets are just for consideration how Vietnam ship fleet does operation after investment for their development that they can catch up with the trend of the world or not and whay they have brought back to shipping lines and country Throughout, the thesis shall give out solutions to improve result of developing fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport About time : The thesis tends to make analysis the status of developing fleet of ships in Vientam sea transport period 2011 – 2018 because this is period of much change both objective and subjective for Vietnam sea transport Way of approach and method of doing research of the thesis * Way of approach The author does research the title “Investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport” with way of approach from analyzing the investment of resources (capital is analysized the most, next to labor, technology, too) into fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport The author shall consider the status of investment and how are they taking place and the results, too or how sea transport reaches From those, the author shall make a proposal of some solutions to improve more the result of investment, right investment, in time, right as the purpose without waste of resources * Method of doing research During process of carrying out the thesis, the author shall research about the situation of developing fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport approaching from developed economy, it means that the research does about resources used to invest into develop Vietnam sea transport and assess how about the effectiveness of those resources During process of doing research, the author uses some specific methods as below : + Analysing the system : The author use method of system analysis to realize the development of ship fleet in sea transport in organic relation with development of economy, with the development of other means of transport (railway, road, waterway, airway,…), the development of foreign commercial relation between Vietnam and other coutries all over the world + Method of analysing statistic : being method that the author uses to collect statistic data, solve input data serving for analysing, assessing effectiveness of sea transport investment + Comparative method : The author uses comparative method to compare about Vietnam fleet of ships compared to the world fleet of ships as well as the targets are suggested in the plan + Method of analysing index : The author uses index to assess the result of developing fleet of ships in sea transport + Method of interviewing specialist : The author shall ask some questions with top specialists in sea transport in Vietnam to collect opinions with high accuracy and practicality - Data resource : In order to carry out the title, the author has used two data resources, they are secondary data and primary data + The secondary data : The author collects data from Report of Maritime Administration yearly, reporting about sea transport in the world every year (UNCTAD), the data about shipping lines yearly (Statistics Office and websites about stock exchange) + Primary data : The author uses method of interviewing specialists to collect assessment point of view in sea transport (Table of questionaires to inverview specialists at Appedix) New contribution about science of the thesis On the basis of analyzing both theory and practicality, the thesis has got some new contributions about science, specifically: - The thesis has systematized and contributed to clarify some theoretical matters about developing fleet of ships in sea transport, in which the author does deeply research into contents of resources used to develop as capital, human resource and technological science - By data, secondary and primary datas have been analysed, assessed rightly and objective of investment status into Vietnam fleet of ships Taking some achievements, limits and causes is the basis of solutions in Chapter of the thesis - Proposing some solutions to improve effectiveness of investment into fleet of ships in sea transport until 2020 and vision 2030 This is the important basis for authorized offices to refer and issue policies and solutions to develop a better sea transport in the next coming Theoretical meaning and practicality of the thesis About theoretical matter, the thesis shall have a systematic collection about fundamental theories related to the development of fleet of ships in sea transport It includes an overview about two elements of development investment and fleet of ships in sea transport basing on previous researches and making analysis what those researches have done Basing on the overview, the author deeply analyse about development investment on three main input resources when investing to develop, they are capital resource, human resource and technological resource and proposing targets to consider results of investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport These shall contribute one valuable part of theory to assess the investment of developing fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport So, this is steadily cientific basis for next analysis about fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport About practicality, the thesis shall analyse the status of developing Vietnam fleet of ships basing on reliable and updated datas, it can be considered to be useful data for authorized offices in design as well as implementing policies related to fleet of ships in sea transport Besides, the results of research, assessment and solution of the thesis are reliable reference basis for state managers to make plan for policies about developing fleet of ships in particular and referent resource to other industries of Vietnam in general Structure of the dissertation In addition to foreword and conclusion, the dissertation includes three chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation of the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and international experience about investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport Chapter 3: Status of investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport in VietNam Chapter 4: Solution of improving result of investing to develop fleet of ships in VietNam sea transport transport is using current capital to carry out operations to increase scale, quality of modern, synchronized and convenient ship fleet for process of delivering cargo One of the most important element when mentioning to invest to develop is the resources used to invest, especially when approaching under the side of development economy Herely, the author focuses on three main resources: capital, human, and technology First is capital Second is about human resource Third is about technological science b Trends of developing fleet of ships  Trend of increasing load of the ship  Trend of increase speed  Trend of specializing fleet of ship  Trend of automation  Trend of rejuvenating fleet of ships c Means of supporting and developing fleet of ships Currently, there are some methods of supporting and developing fleet of ships as below:  New ship building  Buying ship  Other methods 2.2.2 Target of assessing operation result of ship fleet in sea transport 2.2.2.1 Structuring the fleet of ships 2.2.2.2 Average load 2.2.2.3 Transport quantity of fleet of ships 2.2.2.4 Market share of fleet of ships 2.2.2.5 Effectiveness of doing business, exploring fleet of ships 2.2.2.6 Co-efficience of assessing profitability situation of fleet of ships a, Return on sales – ROS b, Return on equity (ROE) c, Return on Asset (ROA) 2.2.2.7 Investment rate on ship 12 2.2.2.8 Level of contributing into state budge 2.2.3 Factors affect to the investment of developing fleet of ships in sea transport 2.2.3.1 Affect of domestically competive environment elements a, Domestic competitive environment element b, Demand of national transport c, Mechanism and policy of the government d, Financial capacity 2.2.3.2 Affect of environment elements of international competition a International competition on sea transport b Demand of the world transport c, Regulations, policies of international related to marintime 2.3 International experience about investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport and lessons for Vietnam The thesis has choosen Japan, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Philipine to be practical basis for doing research on investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport due to these countries have developed sea transport industry, and they belong to Asian area with much equal features with Vietnam Almost nations with sea, depending on national advantages about sea transport, they shall deploy suitable measures However, experience from above sea transport countries show that there are working ways deserving to learn from them, they are good experiences for the development of sea transport in Vietnam and improving competitive capacity of the industry, and are experience lessons that Vietnam can get: * Each country chooses their own measures to develop fleet of ships * Each country pays attention to develop human resource of sea transport both quality and quantity * Method of improving investment effectiveness into sea transport of different countries, depending on competitive advantages of each country but almost focusing on the strength of their forte 13 CHAPTER STATUS OF INVESTING TO DEVELOP FLEET OF SHIPS IN SEA TRANSPORT IN VIETNAM 3.1 Process of forming and developing sea transport of Vietnam The thesis describes process of forming and developing Vietnam sea transport, and giving out preliminary contents about terminal system of Vietnam, this is element with closed relation to fleet of ships of Vietnam 3.2 Resource status of investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport 3.2.1 Resource about capital of investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport a State budge capital b State bond c Credit capital for investment and development d Other loans e Capital of shipping lines f Other resources 3.2.2 Resources about human in investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport Generally period 2014-2018, Maritime Administration as well as authorized offices have policies and measures to increase labor resource for shipping industry, however, labor resource in the industry had been tending to decrease since 2014 to 2017 but alittle increased in 2018 This makes human resource unable to meet the demand of ship owners both quantity and quality 3.2.3 Resource about technology in investing to develop fleet of ship in sea transport in Vietnam Firstly, about applying technological science in administrative 14 procedure to help ship exit and entry conveniently Secondly, applying advanced technological science serving for operating and exploring terminals Thirdly, about implementing title of scientific research Fourthly, about applying technological science in designing, manufacturing and producing ship 3.3 Result of investing to develop fleet of ship in Vietnam sea transport 3.3.1 Structuring Vietnam fleet of ships 3.3.1.1 Structuring Vietnam fleet of ships upon kind of ship Vietnam fleet of ships had many fluctuations both on quantity and total load 2009 – 2018 However, speed of growth both quantity and load period 2009 – 2011 faster than period 2012 – 2018, especially in 2011 quantity and load of ships increased highly Structure of Vietnam fleet of ships was not fit with trend of sea transport of the world Breakbulk ship and cargo ship accounted for large rate compared to total load of fleet of ship This is a very easy to manage, explore and be suitable with almost of capacity of Vietnam ship owners but they are not easy to search for stable cargo resources both on international route and domestic route Meanwhile, container ships account for much smaller and lower load than the world, gas and oil ships also account for much lower than the equal rate of the world So, structure of Vietnam ship fleet is not equal and backtrack to the trend of developing fleet of ships of the world, the general ships account for much larger in comparision with total load of the ship fleet, higher than equal load of ship fleet on the world meanwhile breakbuld ships, container ships and oil ships are in vice verse 3.3.1.2 Structure of Vietnam ship fleet upon age Below table data is expressed at load rate of each ship age group compared to total load of each ship in main fleet of ships of Vietnam upon end of 2018: 15 Table Quantity and average age of Vietnam fleet of ship upon end of 2018 Type Container ships Oil, chemical tankers Gas carriers Bulk carriers General cargo ships Other types Total Total Average age 41 16,3 152 16,4 18 22,9 99 14,5 819 14,2 464 19 1593 14,7 Source: Vietnam Maritime Administration Throughout above analysis, it can be realized that average age of different ships in Vietnam fleet of ships is lower than the fleet of ships of the world if considering about quantity 3.3.1.3 Structure of Vietnam fleet of ships according to size According to statistics of Vietnam Maritime Administration, upon to 2018, main ships of national fleet of ships registered in Vietnam including 1.129 ships with the total of load 7.137.855 DWT Meanwhile, two groups of small ships (under 10.000 DWT) account for large load (ships of load under 5.000 DWT accounting for 25,08% and ships group 5.000 – 10.000 DWT accounting for 16,65% total load of fleet of ships) Group of average size ships (10.000 – 50.000 DWT) with load of half of ship fleet (42,42%) and big size ships (over 50.000 DWT) accounting for 15,85% total load Counting for fleet of ships register in Vietnam, average load of national fleet of ships reaches 4.900 DWT, lower than average level of the world fleet of ships 3.3.2 Average load of Vietnam fleet of ships Average load reflects clearly about fleet of ships and technical status of national fleet of ships Actually, average load of fleet of ships is always limited about technique, affecting to transport cost and rates of transport so it affects to the decision of choosing means of transport of cargo owners 16 Table Average load of fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport upon to 12/2018 No Type Total ships Tonage (GT) Dead-weight Average Deadtonnage weight tonnage (DWT) (DWT) Bulk carriers 99 1.314.648 2.153.145 21749 General cargo ships 819 1.468.964 2.548.328 3112 Container ships 41 313.680 401.632 9796 Ocean liners 42 11.088 4.538 108 Chemical tankers 81 682.141 1.095.889 13529 Oil tankers 71 523.536 880.734 12405 Liquefied gas tankers 18 55.432 58.126 3229 Other types 422 495.361 663.895 1573 1.593 4.864.850 7.806.288 4900 Total Source: Vietnam Maritime Administration 3.3.3 Quantity of cargo of Vietnam fleet of ships in recent years In period 2009 -2018, Cargo quantity of transport of Vietnam fleet of ships increase year by year but uneven and not reach high quantity In which quantity of domestic transport tend to increase faster than foreign transport Especially, period 2009-2012, foreign quantity of transport account for much more prominent, the period 2014-2018, quantity of foreign transport decrease seriously, insteadly, quantity of domestic transport account for the most of load This proves that Vietnam fleet of ships is losing gradually quantity of foreign transport which is very important to express competitive capacity on the international market of Vietnam fleet of ships 17 3.3.4 Market share of Vietnam fleet of ships In period 2009 – 2012, market share of import and export transport reached 12%, mainly on near ocean routes (average haulage distance under 2.500km) Period 2014 upto now, market share of cargo import and export of Vietnam fleet of ships in past few years still maintained at 10-12% Import and export markets of Vietnam fleet of ships mainly are China, Southeast Asia, some little Vietnam ships had exported to Eastern Europe 3.3.5 Effectiveness of doing business and exploring of fleet of ships Generally, assessment of shipping lines about business prospect of Vietnam shipping lines is quite negative There are many causes for these limits, in which it is prominent for loose linking between ship owners with cargo owners as well as habit of Vietnam cargo owners when buying CIF and selling FOB are popular Some state enterprises are determined to be core including Vinalines, effectiveness of exploring fleet of ships is low and difficult to compete with strong foreign fleet of ships 3.3.6 Situation of return rate of Vietnam shipping lines Basing on statistic data about financial situation of Vietnam shipping lines, the author has calculated targets and return rate Period 2013-2018, Vietnam shipping lines almost losses in doing business excepting for year 2016 3.3.7 Investment rate of Vietnam shipping lines Table 3 Investment rate of Vietnam sea transport fleet of ships period 2013-2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Capital investment 6.529.195 4.359.376 7.978.189 5.369.753 4.778.584 (million dong) Dead-weight tonnage 28.224 367.615 617.876 13.822 -285.803 added (DWT) Constructionn unit cost (million 231,33 11,86 12,91 388,49 -16,72 dong/MT) (Source: Author’s calculations according to VMA data) 18 Above table expresses investment rate of Vietnam fleet of ships period 2013-2017 We can see that investment rate via years change unequally Because there are quantity of ships are bought newly or new built, however there are old and out of date ships, they will be dismantled or resold So, the number given out here is just for overview, it shows that each load unit increases more Vietnam fleet of ships how much money we need to invest 3.3.8 Level of contributing into state budge of Vietnam shipping lines Data about taxable and taxes have paid by Vietnam shipping lines are expressed on overview side, Vietnam shipping lines almost loss yearly, however, shipping lines with interest earning have paid taxes to state budget 3.4 General assessment about investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport 3.4.1 Circumstance of the world fleet of ships In order to know how Vietnam fleet of ships are developing, the author has given out some basic data about the world fleet of ships so that we can take a look on Vietnam fleet of ships whether they reach any achievements and what limits are they existing 3.4.2 Achievements Generally, compared to suggested plan in plan of developing Vietnam sea transport till 2020, orientation to 2030, basically Vietnam fleet of ships have developed much more than proposed plan - About human resource - About quantity of cargo transport 3.4.3 Limits - Firstly, about structure of fleet of ships upon kind of ship, compared to the world fleet of ships, Vietnam fleet of ships have load rate of ships with big difference - Secondly, about structure upon age of ship, despite of average age of Vietnam ships is lower than the world, Vietnam fleet of ships are fairly higher than some developed countries 19 - Thirdly, about structure upon size, ships with gravity bigger than 50.000 DWT of Vietnam fleet of ships have not reached at high level Individually, Vietnam currently has not got any container ships or gas and oil liquid ships which reaches high gravity - Fourthly, about average load of fleet of ships Compared to Vietnam, average load of the world fleet of ships is seventh larger and reach 34.400 DWT - Fifthly, about market share, domestic sea transport is protected by the Government so basically, it is responsible for almost domestic cargo quantity However, for foreign sea transport in recent years, quantity of transport are decreased yearly This shows that on the side of international, the competition of Vietnam fleet of ships is downing gradually - Sixthly, about business effectiveness, in recent years, almost shipping lines are getting losses with minus profit 3.4.3 Causes 3.4.3.1 Causes due to capital resource a, Cause of limits in mobilizing capital Investment capital for developing fleet of ships in sea transport of Vietnam shipping lines almost comes from two resources They are loans from domestic banks and their own capital Because ability of mobilizing capital is not flexible, input capital resources are not diversified Simultaneously, mobilized capital by years are tending to decrease b Cause of limits in using investment capital for developing sea transport Preparing and valuating the project for investment decision still stay at formality Many projects of buying ships just serve for purpose of investor, in spite of having analysis, assessment and feasible datas when preparing the projects c, Cause of limits in managing and investing to develop sea transport Being lack of a Central Office who masters executive role of density, plan and quality of fleet of ships in overall contry 3.4.3.2 Cause from labor resource a, State policies about right and obligation of seafarers 20 The government has not built policy about labỏ relation to seafarers Policies of the government currently have not gotten effectiveness to attract social labor force participating in team of seafarers b, Training The reality shows that quality and awareness of almost seafarers currently are not right, training and educating seafarers are very inadequate One part due to objective mistake of seafarers but deeper cause is from undicisive policy for both training and building policy of protecting special right for seafarer team c, Basis of using labor Shipping lines not ensure benefits related to salary, social insurance 3.4.3.3 Cause from resource of technological science Sea transport has had further progress in applying technological science into process of delivering cargo, however those are compared to previous time, but the fact that technological science in shipping industry of Vietnam is much inferior to other countries in the world 21 CHAPTER SOLUTION OF IMPROVING RESULT OF INVESTING TO DEVELOP FLEET OF SHIPS IN VIETNAM SEA TRANSPORT 4.1 Point of view and target of developing Vietnam sea transport 4.1.1 Opinion of development 4.1.2 Target of developing 4.1.3 Content of specific plan 4.2 General circumstance of the world sea transport and Vietnam 4.2.1 General circumstance of sea transport in the world 4.2.2 General circumstance of Vietnam sea transport 4.2.3 Challenges and chances to Vietnam sea transport and fleet of ships a, Challenges - Vietnam fleet of ships shall meet more severe competition when international commerce is developing more and more and Vietnam participates in signing many agreements - Global financial economy is unstable, recently due to Covid - 19 makes the depression take place deeper and deeper - Regulations about technique is also a challenge to the world fleet of ships in general and Vietnam in particular b, Chances Besides of challenge, participation in the world trade agreements also brings chances for Vietnam economy in general and fleet of ships in particular that we need to take advantage of - According to official research result which was carried out in 9/2017 by Ministry of Investment and Planing, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement (CPTTP) can help GDP and export of Vietnam increase equal to 1,32% and 4,04% till 2035 - EVFTA also brings back some chances for Vietnam sea transport In the circumstance of goods market is widened with 90% export and import cargo of Vietnam which are carried out via sea, if Vietnam fleets of ship can strengthen the joint venture, connection with foreign shipping lines to 22 participate in console service, that shall make clear the jam in exploration and business - Logistics service in Vietnam more and more is paid attention to develop, this shall help enhance quality of logistics service, connect effectively infrastructure system, including sea route This is chance for Vietnam fleet of ships to their best to win the market share and widen their operation scope 4.3 Solution of improving effectiveness of investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport 4.3.1 Solution about capital resource 4.3.1.1 Diversifying capital resources for investing to develop sea transport As we know, capital for developing fleet of ships of Vietnam shipping lines almost come from two resources They are loans from domestic banks and their own capital So, diversifying capital resources for enterprises to mobilize capital from more channels, since then creating better condition for investing to develop Vietnam fleet of ships 4.3.1.2 Strengthening the role of the Government in improving effectiveness of investing to develop fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport During Vietnam shipping lines are meeting difficulties in finance, most of them drop into lossess and bankrupt, they are the causes of decreasing transport seriously The Government building policy and regime to support Vietnam shipping lines in short term is very necessary - Policy of supporting finance for shipping lines to overcome difficult period - Policy of supporting finance for investing to develop fleet of ships according to orientation of improving competitive capacity of Vietnam shipping industry 4.3.2 Solution about labor force In order to manage and explore effectiveness of fleet of ships which have been and shall be invested, Vietnam needs to improve level of exploration management of manager team, responsible spirit and ability of 23 specialization of seafarers Due to occupational characters and level of social living are higher and higher, it is more difficult to attract human resource for seafaring job So, it is necessary to buid policies, flexible and suitable comprehension to lengthen the time of working of seafarers who have got experience and keep training and educating new human resource to add and replace for retired seafarers, meeting the demand of investing to develop fleet of ships in the future Shipping industry is a sector with internationalization and highly international competition So, the core of improving effectiveness of investment must be matter of human resource In order to meet the demand of human resource for the competition of shipping industry and affirm competitive position in the area and in the world, it is necessary to pay attention to solve existing matters about human resource: seafarer of international operation ship, solutions to renovate, enhance quality of training and developing human resource In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to get the participation of subjects including the government, place of training seafarer and unit of using labor 4.3.3 Solution about technological science resource In the circumstance of the world is faster and stronger developing, technological science shall more and more plays important role in developing economy in general and developing fleet of ships in particular Hence, in order to invest to develop fleet of ships in sea transport achieves good result, contribute much into the development of economy of our country, it is necessary to have measures to improve ability of applying technological science into sea transport field, specifically as below: - Strengthening to ensure, improve quality of human resource - Building and implementing well programs of applying advanced technological science 4.4 Recommendation 4.4.1 Recommending to the government 4.4.2 Recommending to Ministry of Transport 4.4.3 Recommending to Association of Vietnam ship owners 24 CONCLUSION Originating from inadequace during process of investment, business and exploration of Vietnam fleet of ships, the thesis has carried out some below contents: - The thesis has completed theoretical basis about investing to develop transport as well as contents related to human resource to invest - The thesis sharply understands and analyses the status of Vietnam fleet of ships - Originating from researched status, the thesis has made proposal of solutions to improve effectiveness of investing to develop Vietnam fleet of ships During the process of doing research, the author has tried her best to complete the thesis at best, however, due to limits in ability of research and data collection, some contents about targets of assessing effectiveness of investing to develop fleet of ships in sea transport, the author has not collected fullest data so that it can assess accuracy and overall about Vietnam fleet of ships in Vietnam sea transport This is the limit of the thesis and the matter that other researchers or the author herself can research in the future when available of condition to carry out 25 LIST OF WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED Vu Thi Hoang Yen (2018), “Improving the transport capacity of Vietnam’s marine shipping fleet”, Economy and forecast review, No 7/2018, pp.21-23; Vu Thi Hoang Yen (2018), “Enhance the quality of Vietnam’s sea transportation services”, Economy and forecast review, No 11/2018, pp.25-27; Vu Thi Hoang Yen (2019), “Current structure of Vietnam’s shipping fleet”, Economy and forecast review, No 7/2018, pp.2123; Vu Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Gia Tho (2019), “Policy on the development of Vietnam maritime cruise transportation”, Conference on theories and practices in regard to sustainable development of the Middle and the Northern costal sea lines, pp 133-142 26 ... shipping lines in Vietnam registered at Vietnam Maritime Administration However, data about capital resource investing into Vietnam fleet of ships is not made statistic by Vietnam Maritime Admistration,... investing to develop fleet of ship in Vietnam sea transport 3.3.1 Structuring Vietnam fleet of ships 3.3.1.1 Structuring Vietnam fleet of ships upon kind of ship Vietnam fleet of ships had many fluctuations... export and import of Vietnam by sea according to Vietnam Maritime Administration, in which more than 80% fleet of ships registered to operate in international route of Vietnam just operate on near