Tài liệu thông tin đến quý độc giả đáp án thi hết môn Dịch đại cương với 51 câu hỏi; giúp các bạn có thêm tư liệu tham khảo phục vụ quá trình học tập, củng cố kiến thức vượt qua kì thi với kết quả như mong đợi.
ĐÁP ÁN THI HẾT MÔN DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG 1. What is generally understood as translation involves the …………… of a source language text into the target text a. telling b. talking c. rendering Câu trả lời đúng d. playing 2. The structures of ………………………………… will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the target language structure will be seriously distorted a. Clause b. the source language Câu trả lời đúng c. target d. sentence 3. The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must be the same as that in which the source reader responded to …………………………………… a. The target text b. The full text c. The final text d. the source text. Câu trả lời đúng 4. A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is never satisfied ………… it a. for b. About c. Of d. With Câu trả lời đúng Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and ……………………… a. many other topics crucial to good translation. Câu trả lời đúng b. A lot of work to do c. Other fields to complete the process d. To give translator a chance 6. Since the mid1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to indicate that the ……. is not just a minor branch of comparative literary study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field a. Field of translation b. Way of translating c. study of translation Câu trả lời đúng d. Method of translation 7. Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (………………………), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies a. Second language b. source language Câu trả lời đúng c. First language d. Another language 8. Translation is the ………………. of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language a. Replaced b. Replaceable c. Replacement Câu trả lời đúng d. Replacing 9. Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So far, there have been ……………………………………definitions of translation a. 20 b. 17 c. 18 d. many Câu trả lời đúng 10. Practically, whether …………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’ or ‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles of translation a. The interest in traslation b. The usefulness of translation c. the study of translation Câu trả lời đúng d. The practice of translation 11 The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic competence by ……………………………………………………… ……… a. Practising more and more b. Encouraging them to work more c. means of the target language products. Câu trả lời đúng d. Asking some questions 12. Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To do anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator a. Practising rendering texts b. “reproducing the message.” Câu trả lời đúng c. Choosing the right word choice d. Correcting all the words and phrases 13. The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language Chọn một câu trả lời: a. refer b. Reference c. Referred Câu trả lời đúng d. Referring 14. In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is………. , but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering a. To do the translation as quickly as possible b. To convey the meaning of the whole text c. to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all Câu trả lời đúng d. To replace the new text with its direct meanings 15. There are a variety of cultural elements to take into …………… when starting a translation a. Considered b. Consider c. Considering d. consideration Câu trả lời đúng 16. The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as ………………… a. An authentic way of expressing ideas b. a codeswitching operation. Câu trả lời đúng c. A subject of study d. A good way of communication 17. Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative ……… …………………………… a. performing b. Performative c. Performed d. Performance Câu trả lời đúng 18 What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only confrontation with the text is …………….forever a. disappeared b. lose c. Lost Câu trả lời đúng d. Losing 19. The translator is the initial knower of two languages, or more, who …………… the ability to move between two languages a. have b. Has Câu trả lời đúng c. Had d. Having 20. ………….is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the final interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read a. The reseacher b. The writer c. The translator Câu trả lời đúng d. The teacher 21. ……………sits next to or behind his "client" doing a great variety of activities under different names: “community interpreting", "public service interpreting", "hospital interpreting", "mental health interpreting" and "social service interpreting" a. The translator b. The interpreter Câu trả lời đúng c. The analyst d. The operator 22 The language of translation is perceived from the translated text, …………………….the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities a. Understanding b. reflecting Câu trả lời đúng c. practising d. Interacting 23. The source text is the text which has been chosen for translation. The translator cannot, without a good reason, change any……………… a. Meaning of the text b. part of the source text. Câu trả lời đúng c. Topic of the text d. Element of the text 24 This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of deadlines, more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous interpreter) to process the source text thoroughly a. In spite b. though c. although d. Despite Câu trả lời đúng 25. The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and …………. environment of any of the two languages a. Cultivation b. Culture c. Cultivate d. Cultural Câu trả lời đúng 26. To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular shorter breaks to enable the interpreters …………………….the message in the same spirit. a. To justify b. To change c. to relay Câu trả lời đúng d. To reproduce 27. The readers to whom the ………………… text is addressed are native or nonnative users of the target language a. Translate b. translating c. translation d. Translated Câu trả lời đúng 28. The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been produced by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another language and culture a. What b. When c. Which Câu trả lời đúng d. Where 29 The translator is ………… …………………………….element in translation, since the study of translation and the language of translation is no more than the study of the translator's linguistic ability a. the most important Câu trả lời đúng b. The only c. an unimportant d. A small 30. For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth are necessary ……………… a. Electrical devices b. technical equipment. Câu trả lời đúng c. Machines d. Domestic tools 31. The translator's judgments, strategies and manipulations ……………… all potentially exist in the translator's interpretation of the source text and the formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target language a. Does b. Done c. Do Câu trả lời đúng d. Did 32. There is some unusuality or ……………………. in the target language a. Natural b. Nature c. Unnaturalness Câu trả lời đúng d. unnatural 33. Adaptation is a highly free type of translation. Here the focus is on sociocultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target culture a. practices Câu trả lời đúng b. Drillings c. Trainings d. Works 34. The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context a. closely Câu trả lời đúng b. close c. Closeness d. Closing 35. The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on the ……………….……………… of the translator when he/she adds explanations or comments to make clear the meaning of the original a. Subjectivity Câu trả lời đúng b. Object c. Subject d. Complement 36. ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context a. Semantic translation b. Communicative translation c. Faithful translation d. Literal translation Câu trả lời đúng 37 In the history of translation development there have been a great number of terms: literal, free, literary, nonliterary, borrowing, equivalence, figurative, so on …………………… a. And so hot b. and so forth. Câu trả lời đúng c. And so far d. And so long 38. Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which tries …………………… ………… of words and context situation according to the grammar rules of the target language a. to convey the meanings Câu trả lời đúng b. To change the meanings c. To find out the menaings d. To create the meanings 39. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the original length, depending ……………………… a. with specific situations b. Of specific situations c. for specific situations d. on specific situations. Câu trả lời đúng 40. It is also very useful for the translator to understand and analyze the original text before ………….………………… it into the target language a. translating Câu trả lời đúng b. Exchanging c. Turning d. Changing 41. The classifications of translation types are many according to different points of view, based on either structure, function, or ………… a. Meaningfulness b. Meaning c. Meanings d. semantics of language. Câu trả lời đúng 42. The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and …………………… as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are optional: a. verb patterns b. Verb phrase c. Verb form d. verb predicate Câu trả lời đúng 43. In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English sentence may ……………… that it is the subject of the sentence: a. make the translator feel confusing b. make the translator misunderstand Câu trả lời đúng c. make the translator get confusing d. make the translator understand 44. As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun: Mai, and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase a. Head Câu trả lời đúng b. Arm c. Leg d. Hand 45 In English, the …………… phrase can be used after a verb, an adjective, or a noun and depend on them a. prepositions b. prepositionally c. Prepositional Câu trả lời đúng d. preposition 46. Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source Language texts ………… as to suit the Target Language grammar rules a. in several ways b. in such a way c. in many ways d. in such ways Câu trả lời đúng 47 Syntactical forms which ………… used to express grammatical meanings of the verb in English sentences are obligatory, a. Has been b. are Câu trả lời đúng c. Is d. been 48. The translator should remember … ……. the zero article with plural count nouns in English to mean generally a. to use Câu trả lời đúng b. Use 10 c. Using d. Usage 49. ……… in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper names, toinfinitives, gerunds, or clauses a. The subject Câu trả lời đúng b. The predicate c. The clause d. The adverb 50 As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!) never by a comma (,) …………………… a. at the beginning in writing b. at the end in writing Câu trả lời đúng c. by the end in writing d. In the middle in writing 51. In EnglishVietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings of time and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, a. Suitable b. Correspond Câu trả lời đúng c. Respond d. Go CÁC CÂU BỔ SUNG ĐÁP ÁN LTTN1 Translation should ensure that the meaning of the two will be approximately similar surface It is a structural part of language which is actually seen in print or heard in speech At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted from the word or phrase ………… the text as a unit of translation. 11 To Translation theory includes ……….for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation Principles Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into ………………or another’s language. one’s own Translating may be defined as the process of ……………………signs or representations into other signs or representations Transforming The sourcelanguage content, form, style, function, etc. must be preserved, or at least that the translation must seek …… .them as far as possible. to preserve In ……….the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor/target language. Translation The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity. In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing ………… …rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance the reproduction of the message The theory of translation involves normative approaches, putting a strong emphasis on prescribing to translators how to and …………… how not to translate to translate means “…………… a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances". to produce The choice of the right word in the receptor language to translate a word in the sourcelanguage text depends more …………than upon a fixed system of verbal consistency. on the context Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own right, aims ………………………….which can be used as a guideline for the production of translations. to produce a comprehensive theory Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So far, there have been many …… of translation, 12 definitions The linguistic approaches basically …………… translating as a codeswitching operation. Saw The translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language and does his best to produce the same meaning ……… in the target language The predominant purpose of theories of translation is ………….… of every word and phrase in the original. to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Ianguage.) by …………………. in another language (Target Language). equivalent material Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving……………… semantic and stylistic equivalencies. LTTN2 The language of translation is ………………. from the translated text, reflecting the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities. Perceived A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to change what ……….in one language into another language has been said ………to whom the translated text is addressed are native or nonnative users of the target language. The readers The target language is the language into which ………………from another language is translated. a text …………. is the language to which the text to be translated belongs. In other words, the source language is prior to translation. The source language In addition………… the changes resulting from the movement from one language to another, translation necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of the text To compared with ……………text, the target language translated text may be so long, longer, or even the source language 13 shorter and may have new features which may not be found in the source language The translator is unable to change any aspect of the source language. Rather, many aspects of the translator's work are conditioned and determined by……… the source language whereas the interpreter is faced with a unique, orally delivered text, the translator has ……………………of "flicking back" through the permanently available written text. the possibility The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not only the very central and initial point for the …………….of the translation process but also is the background for all translation processes. Start During preparations for simultaneous………………… , the interpreters’ booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the interpreters can see the speakers. Interpretation A simultaneous translator changes what ……………………in one language into another language as someone is speaking. is being said If the source text is taken to be the starting point of the translation process, then the translated text is the text which results from ……… The producer of the final interpretation …………………… determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read the translation process. Which A VietnameseEnglish translated text should follow the language rules……………. socialcultural features of the English not Vietnamese language and vice versa. and Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of interpreting are practiced: liaison, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Forms Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a booth, and they follow an audiotransmission of speeches and ……… interpret them directly The translator, like the linguist who ………… all takes 14 human languages to be on an equal footing, is among the first candidate to be liberated from the dominance of one language/culture The translated text is the actual definite material, which has been produced by …………………… of a source text in terms of another language and culture. The presentation here is conducted in a systematic manner with ………………… restricted interactivity and closeness and much faster than consecutive interpretation conveying the meaning Somewhat Mastery of the source language is a …………….for the translator, since this mastery is the key to his/her readings and interpretations of the text to be translated. Must The translator has to think over his/her translation to suit a reader according to the reader’s social norms in the target language, so the language of translation is ………… social LTTN3 ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context . Literal translation In other words, adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of the same value ……………………. to a different situation. Applicable As indicated by the word “free”, free translation (sometimes dynamic translation) focuses more …… than form in the target language on content Communicative translation gives high priority to the message communicated in the text where the actual form of the original is not closely bound to ……… Gist translation can be used in language learning situations (using the same language) ………at a written test …………… translation (or sometimes direct/interlinear translation) focuses on translating 15 its intended meaning to summarize a written text Word for word words from the source text into the target language while the word order of the original is preserved. Different strategies or different methods of translation produce ………………. kinds of translation. Different when meeting for the first time, ………………………… when introduced to a guest, English people often say: How do you do? as a greeting Especially In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some form of language ………………………. the same meaning. to convey Adaptation can also be considered a translation technique used when the context in the original text …… …… in the Target Text culture. does not exist “business is business” could be translated ………… as …………….is based on the meaning of the text which aims to produce the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using idioms and colloquialism where there do n ot exist in the original. ……… is characterized by keeping the main idea/gist of a text, omitting all of its supporting details and subsidiary arguments. The translator tries to come as close as possible to the meaning conveyed by the words, by means of word order change or word choice so that the true meaning is…………… A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the …………………length, depending on specific situations It goes without saying that all the types of translation mentioned above may ………… justified in particular circumstances. Literal force is of course inevitably lost in these cases and the best that can be achieved is …… to 16 Freely Idiomatic translation Gist translation conveyed original be by means of faithfulness the pragmatic function of the TL cultural reference or practice The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context closely Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English sentence that describes the degree of the sameness of the two girls’ appearance “ They look ………… the same” Exactly Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of ………. applicable to a different situation than that of the source language. the same value Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the words in the target language may ……………… change In English, the negation of the verb in the first clause stands for ………….in the following clause. the negation of the verb Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on …………… and form (syntax) of the original texts of high status meaning (semantic content) It is also very useful for the translator ……………………and analyze the original text before translating it into the target language. to understand LTTN4 Concept is used in this section to refer not to the form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any given language. To However, grammatical words in general and articles and prepositions in ……………… might cause headache to translators particular meaning is also referred to as conceptual, cognitive or propositional meaning, but the sense is the same. denotative It is clear that words are …… ….of by morphemes. For example, the word “book” has one morpheme and “books” two morphemes made up Connotation is subjective by the language users, and can be influenced by …………… many factors 17 Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source Language texts ……… as to suit the Target Language grammar rules. Head The classification of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive: word classes do not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence classification English prepositions are usually single words in, at, on ; …………, there are some prepositions that look like a phrase, phasal prepositions: because of, in spite of However The …………………………….in the English sentence usually stands right after the subject, giving information about the subject. The translator should try ……… in the text those differences (usually by underlining) both in linguistic and cultural aspects between the source and target language There is any place where information has been added, omitted, or subtracted verb predicate to find subtracted Certain strategies ………………… those differences; for example, certain expressions or key terms in their texttobe need to be selected to deal with If any key words are …………… , the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change made. Changed Once the translation is completed, the translator should revise it, rarely fewer than three times and, ………… , with a time lapse (after hours or even days) between revisions when possible Translators should define both subject and verb predicate at …………… time if they want to translate a sentence. There is no article in Vietnamsese whereas the ………….of article: indefinite articles a, an, definite article the, or zero article is a must in English noun phrases. Coordinating conjuctions are only in midposition 18 the same Use subordinating whereas ………………………conjunctions can be in initial or midposition in the sentence. A sentence is a group of words conveying a complete idea which normally contain a subject and a verb predicate in "finite" forms As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!), never by a comal (,) . at the end in writing It is ……………… that in an English sentence the predicate verb (V) be in finite forms, the predicate agreeing with the subject in person and number Obligatory He or she reformulates the translation according to the grammar rules, …………… , cultural norms in the target language word usage Every text has a set of words which ………… to the content and correct communication of the theme. are crucial KTTN1+2 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the front of a word are called prefixes In word formation, morphemes which occur at the end of a word are called……………… Suffixes English vocabulary mostly consists in single word, but . of multilword vocabulary is not small the amount While the source text is addressed to a certain …………………, the translated text changes this factor in the situation of the language event to new readers in a new language. Readership Meaning components are ‘packaged’ differently in one language from another. That is why the translator needs …………… to analyze the lexical items (words) of the source text in order to translate them. to be able literal meaning is direct, denoting what words mean according to ……………………… , figurative meaning is indirect, connoting/implying some information dictionary usage 19 There will be words which …………….some of the meaning components combined in them matching a word which has these components with some additional ones. have Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a number of meaning components classified as things, events, attributes or relations which are combined ………………lexical items. into It may then be possible to translate with a word in the receptor language which is ………………… the central concept and use a phrase to add a further definition equivalent to When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme belongs to the ……………… category girl, house, which cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units. Free/root There are some word classes that are only typical in certain languages, so the number of word classes in all languages is not similar and their ………are not the same. Syntactic functions Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which are words with several …………………meanings Unrelated Vietnamese is a ………….language. Vietnamese words do not change their forms. noninflectional LTTH Things are defined as all animate beings and all inanimate entities. Events include all actions, processes, ……… experiences. The translator must guard against trying to match ………………… from language to language, since each language has its own system for arranging concepts into different parts of speech. Translators have to make sure that they ………………….a text well in the original language “How” refers to whether the text is written in a formal or …………way which is influenced by the content of the original text, by the situation of 20 And parts of speech understand Informal context The translator also has to solve, ………………., matters involving text adjustments in terms of additions, omissions and adaptations. in mind It can be said that language cannot exist without words. Word …………………………….is the reflection of human perception of the world. categorization The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and …………………… as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are optional: verb predicate Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions, articles and pronouns are called parts of ………………… Speech there is a skewing between the semantic classification …………… the grammatical classification. Some words are made up of more than one concept The translators should read the text several times, then if possible read other materials that may help in understanding the culture or language of the ………… And source text The translator should examine his reasons for choosing the text and the potential for its use by the ……………………………………….audience. Receptor language Since figurative language is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense, in ………………… figurative language, translators should make use of comparison between different things Translating However, grammatical words in general and articles and prepositions in ……………… might cause headache to translators. particular Translators should define proper verbs of English to go with the subject, either …………………….: be, get, become or action/dynamic verbs run, work to follow the subject. linking/static verbs Translator need revise the draft on the basis of the feedback received from those people who may have Rewordings 21 suggested many…………………., changes, additions or omissions with the translator. The stage of editing the translated text which ……………. the form of a careful lastminute checking and correcting of possible mistakes or other inaccuracies is implemented in most cases of translation. takes Faced by a text in a language, as student translators, you should analyze the text by asking and …………………………….several questions Answering Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the …………… intended the text. In Vietnamese, words that correspond to both lexical …………………. grammatical words in English are numerous. Author And The first step in the analysis of words is to determine whether the word is referring primarily to a thing concept,…………… event concept, an attribute concept, or a relation concept. an ……… should be aware of the concepts muli words convey and the rules how to make and write compound words in English Translators The translator begins drafting the translation piece by piece, section …………………………by using the lexis and structures by section If any key words are changed, the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change………………. made Remember that all of our verbalizing must be done in the target language now. We must ……………… between alternatives and produce a text that is sequentially complete Choose Translators should rely on the context to select the right word; in ………………about which word to be used, they could consult a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms or any thesaurus for help case of doubt Figurative meaning is based on or makes use of 22 Speech figures of …… such as metaphor (an implied comparison between two things with the same characteristic. When analyzing the text for translation ……………… the first time, the translator needs to find answers to these questions: 23 for ... c. To find out the menaings d. To create the meanings 39. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the original length, depending ……………………… a. with specific situations... can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, a. Suitable b. Correspond Câu trả lời đúng c. Respond d. Go CÁC CÂU BỔ SUNG ĐÁP? ?ÁN LTTN1 Translation should ensure that the meaning of the two will be approximately similar... Mastery of the source language is a …………….for the translator, since this mastery is the key to his/her readings and interpretations of the text to be translated. Must The translator has to think over his/her translation to