XAHOHCKHH TOCY/APCTBEHHBIH YHHBEPCHTET MHCTUTYT HHOCTPAHHBIX A3bIKOB
MOCJIEBY3OBCKHH ®AKY.IBTET
JO JIbIK XbEY
HPATMATHUECKHH ACIIEKT PYCCKHX H
BbEFTHAMCKHX BOIIPOCHTEJIbHBIX HPE/I7IO?KEHHH
Bình diện ngữ dụng của câu nghỉ vẫn trong tiếng Nøơa và tiếng Việt
7IHWCCEPTAHHãS
HA COHCKAHH€ VHỀÊHOH CT€I€HH MATHCTDA (ÙH10210TH€CKHX HAVK
CTnieiwaeHocTb: S220202.01 - PyccKnli 13bIK
Trang 2XAHOHCKHH TOCY/APCTBEHHBIH YHHBEPCHTET MHCTUTYT HHOCTPAHHBIX A3bIKOB
JO JIbIK XbEY
HPATMATHUECKHH ACIIEKT PYCCKHX H
BbEFTHAMCKHX BOIIPOCHTEJIbHBIX HPE/I7IO2KEHHH Bình diện ngữ dụng của câu nghỉ vấn trong tiếng Nơa và tiếng Việt
7IHWCCEPTAHHãS
HA COHCKAHH€ VHỀÊHOH CT€I€HH MATHCTDA (ÙH10210TH€CKHX HAVK
CTieIwa/ibHocTb: 8220202.01 - PyccKHli #3bIK
HaywHhIl DYKOBOHT€Jb: KŒ@H HOAH TXYK AHBb
Trang 33ABEPEHHE
⁄l, Ho /HliK Xb€y, 3aB€DpøIO, TO JaHHad IHCC€DTAIHOHHA1 DaÕOTa
HAïIWHCAHa MHOÌ H H€ 4B/I1€TCäI KOHH€Í KaKOl ỐbI TO HH bLIO Wpyrok paƠOoTHI TeMa /IaHHOIÍ /IWCC€DTAHHOHHOI pDaƠOTBI /IO 2TOTO He ObiJIa
WMHCIIO7IEB3OBAHA HHKAKHM JIHLHOM H¿IH OPTaHH3aIIn€li
XaHOH,
Mcno.IHHTe€.Ib
Trang 4AHHOTALH“I1
J[HccepTaHIWoHHa# padoTa COCTOHT H3 BBeJIeHHA, /HBYX Ti4B, 3AKJIOH€HMI, CIIHCKA HCIIOJIb3OBAHHOM JIHT€DATYDBIL HW HCTOHHHKOB MaTepHalloB
Bo BBeJJeHHH OOOCHOBbIBaeTCA AKTYAJIBHOCTb HW HOBH3HA UCCJIeOBaHHA, yKa3bIBaeTca II€JIb H 3a1adH DaƠOTBI, OID€JG/IIIOTCä M€TO/IbI HCCJI€IOBAHH4, 3HAHHMOCTb, CTDYKTYDA H ÕbỂM DÀOTHI
llepbBa1 r/IaBa HO/I H33BAHH€M “)#⁄CAHM€ DVCCKMX GOHDOCHIIGJIbHĐIX HD€Ị/IO2ICCHHH 6 NpazmMamuyecKOM (CH€KI€” COCTOHT W3 IHI€CTH dàaCT€GH: “BOMpOCHTeJIbHbIe IID€JH/JIO3KCHHI B CHCT€M€ HDOCTBIX HD€/JIO?KEHHH”, “KpaTKHÌ OƠ3ODp OID€JGJICHHÌ BOIIDOCHTG/IbHBIX HD€/JIOK€HHl”, “ÒImiam XâDaKT€DHCTHKđ DYCCKHX BOIIDOCHT€.IbHBIX IID€JJIOK€HHH”, “CCHOBAHH1 7715 KJIacCHÙHWKAHIWHW BOIDOCHTGJIbHBX HD€HIJIO3KeHHl”, “TllparMaTnuecKHf IOJIXOI K H3yH€HHI IID€JIOK€HH1”, “ÌÍÏparMaTHKA B HHT€DIID€TAIHH BOIIDOCHT€IbHBIX IID€/H/IO3K€HHII”
BToOpad riaBa “//paemamuyeckue ocobeHHocmu 6bemMHAMCKUX GOHDOCHIMCIbHDIX HĐ€ỊIOOICCHHH 6 COHOCHAQGI€HHH CC pyccKUMU IKBUBAIEHMAMU” COCTOMT H3 qeTbIipểx dacTreli: “lWÏ3yqeHWe BOIIDOCHT€/JIEHBIX
IID€H/IOK€HHĂ BO Bb€THAMCKOM: #13bIKO3HAHHH”, “CTDYKTYPA Bb€THAMCKHX BOIIDOCHTGJIbHHX Ip€HJOeHHIH”, “Bb€eTHaMCKH€ BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBI€ IID€H/IOK€HH1 C€ TOHKH 3D€HHA IpATMaTHKH”, “COIIOCTABJICHH€ DYCCKHX H
Trang 5OI JIABJIEHHE
3A BEPEHHEIE G55 G529 99 9 9 9% 99999994 9 6.0 000009004 06 000 068600000004 66 i AHHHO TA ÏÍ LH ƒH G5 G52 6 6 9 5 99899999 9.96 6000909094 06 9606666600000496 ii BBE/JI[ECH LÍ E 5G GGG G5 5 5 5S 9 9 9.96 9009999 9 4.0 0000009004 046 0006686000000 06 3
PABA I1 OHHCAHHE PYCCKHX BOIHIPOCHTE.IBHHBIX
HPE/I7IO?KEHHH B IIPATMA THUECKOM ACTHIEKTE 7 1.1 BOIIDOCHT€JTEHBI€ ITD€/IJIO?K€HH5I B CHCT€M€ IIDOCTBIX IP€JI/IOK€HHHI / L.1.1 TI PUuTHyunol ỊGJICHUHI HDCỊ/IO2ICCHIHHH Ăn vn 7 1.2 Kparkuit Õ3OD OIIDGJIGJICHHÌÍ BOIDOCHT€JIbHbIX IDJJIO3K€HHII 10 1.3 OOmasd xaDaKTeDHCTWKa DYCCKHX BOIIDOCHT€JIbHbIX IIDGJIJIO3K€HHÌI H 1.4 OCHOBAHH1 7115 KJIAaCCH(HKAIHWH BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBIX IIDGJJIO3K€HHII 14
1.5 I IDarMaTHWe€cCKHIÍ IIO/IXO/I K H3V4€HHIO IIDGJJIO?KCHHII 18
1.5 l KOMMVHIIKAMGHGf HHHCHIHG1 HDCỊ/1OOKCCHIUI Q QQĂQSĂ St 21 1.5.2 JIOKVMUBHAS CHUIA HDCỊJ1O2FCCHIUI net 23 1.5.3 WUIOKVMGHG1 CHUIA HDCỊ/1O2KCCHIỨI, re 24 1.9.4 Ileb1oKyMu6HbIfl 2)(Q€KI COICKABOIGAHUA Ăằ Ăn xa 25
1.5.2 Pewe6bI© AKMbI C O3H1HH 2060D/11G2O I1 C2O QỊD€CGđHđ - 27
1.6 [Iparmatuka B HHT€DITID€TAHWH BOIIDOCHT€JIbHbIX IID€JJIO3K€HHÌÏÍ .2Đ
1.6.1 IIpazmamuyeckue QDVHKIHH GOHDOCHING/IbHĐIX HĐ€Ị/1O2ICCHUHI 30 1.6.2 Ocnoe6uole cpeOcme6a OA BbIPAIKCEHUA KOCBEHHbIX 3HAYEHUU 6 PYCCKOM
Trang 62.2.] CO3ỊQHH©€ BONPOCUMEbHbIX NPEOMOHCEHUU HA OCHOGE HEBONDOCUMEIIbHbIX
TIPCOMOHCCHUU cccescsccsccssessccesesescccessscssesescucesesescusesesesceseseseeseseseeseseseecesesesceseseeeseseceeseseneeees 47
2.2.2 CO30AHUE BONDOCUMEJIbOHbIX NDEONOHCEHUU HA OCHOGE NPeOMOHCeHUU Opyeozo
muna (noeeCcM6O6aMeIbHOZO, NobelumMesIbHOZO) HH cioea / cilOBOCOYeMaHUA, HOGSIHJC2O 3HQU©€HH€ GOHOCHIH€JIDHOCITHH Ă< St He 51
2.2.3 BonpocumesbHoe npedsoocenue Cc coeduHumenoHol cio6om “hay” (“hay
2.2.4 CO30QHUC GONDOCUMEIbHbIX NPEOMOHCEHUU HA OCHOGE NOGECMBOBAMEIbHbIX NPCOMOHCEHUU C IICMCHINOM CONPOCUMEIIOHOCINU seccsscecssesseesececeseseceseceseseseseseseaeseess 54 2.3 beTHaMCKH€ BOMPOCHTeJIbHbIe HD€JHJIO3KGHH1 C TOUKH 3peHHsA
10 0-9 BY 6210 0 00 2 56
Trang 7BBE/IEHHLE
1l AKTYA/IbHOCTb HCCJI€I0BAHH1
COB€TCKHÍ H€PHOI WH COBD€M€HHHIÍ II€DHOI PA3BHTH1 DYCCKOTO
ASbIKO3SHAHHA IID€GJICTABJI€HBI D33JIHHHBIMH JIHHTBHCTHH€CKHMH T€ODHSMH
lĨpH aHaJ1W3© COBDCMCHHHBIX T€ODHÍ, YUIHMTbIBaA PYCCKy!O K/IACCHH€CKVIO
CHHTAKCHM€CKVIO T€ODHIO IIGI€COOỐDA3HO BBIJI€JIHTb B CHHTAKCHM€CKOl HAYyK€ H€TEBID€ OCHOBHEIX CIICKTA CHHTAKCHH€CKHX €JINHHIL: CTDYKTYPHHIÍ,
CCMAHTHu€CKH, KOMMYHWHKATHBHBIl MW IparMaTwWuecCKHĂ
JÏHHTBHCTHu€CKHC HCCJIGHIOBAHH% HĐIHGIIHCFO II€DHOIA OCÒO€ BHHMAHH€G Y/I€JIWIOT #3BIKOBBIM CP€HCTBAM, KOTODBIC B CBOKO OH€P€/b HeOOXOJMMBI JIA BbIPaKeHHA pa3JIMMHbIX KOMMYHHMKaTHBHBIX HHT€HIHÍ rOBOpAero, UTO OOYCJIOBJICHO POJIbIO, KOTOPy!O UrpaeT A3bIK Beaqb OH He IIDOCTO BBIDA?KA€T MBICJIH HW YYBCTBa Hapoda, HO UM BBICTyIIaeT KOJIOCCaJIbBHbIM ODY/IH€M BO3JeHCTBHA CleqOBaTe/IbHO, BaXKHbIM IIpeCTaBIAeTCA He TOJIbKO W3y4eHHe CTPyKTypbl TpaMMaTHyecKOH HW JIeEKCHYeCKOM €HHHHIBI UH ee 3SHAaYCHHA B ASbIKOBOH CHCTeMe, HO WH y4éT HW COMMOJIMHTBACTHYeCKOrO H mparMaTHuecKoroO KOHTeCKCTOB, TaK KaK WMMCHHO OHH /ICT€DMHHHDVIOT (YHKIMOHMpOBaHve A3bIKOBOH CHCT€MbI B KOMMYHHKAHHH ƠïHHM H3 OCHOBHBIX IOHTHÌÍ B IIDaFMậTHK€ BBICTYIIA€T BBIÕOD #3bIKOBBIX €/IWHMI
BOHPOCHT€JIEHBI€ ID€/IJIOK€HH1 B PYCCKOM H BB€THAMCKOM #3bIKAX
ABJIAKOTCA OFPOMHOK pylon IID€JJIOKCHH, KOTODA1 pA3HODOHHA IO
Trang 8T€M, HTO H€BO3MO?KHO TOUHOE COOTB€TCTBH€ M€%JIY (0ODMỌÍÍ H CO/I€D?KAHH€M
D€q€BOTO aKT4: IDH HOMOIIH OHIH HU T 3€ JINHHFBHCTHd€CKOl (ÙÌODMBI
MOTYT BbITb ÕO3HAH€HbI D43HbI€ KOMMYHHKATHBHBIC HHT€HIIHH, B TO ?€ BpeMs, HTOỐbI OOO3HAYHTb TY WIM HHYIO HHT€HIHIO, MOTVT ỐBITb HCTIIOJIb3OBAHbI DA3HOOƠDA3HBI€ /INHFBHCTHH€CKH€ CD€JICTBA
[ÏDWBJI€KAIOIIHG BHHMAHH€ VHỂHBIX-(HJIOJIOTOB BOIIDOCHT€/JIbHBI€ IID€7JIO?K€HH1 IIHDOKO DACIPOCTDAH€HBHI Ï€M H€ M€H€C BCỂ €IIỂ OTCYTCTBV€T CHCT€MATHM€CKO€ OIIHCAHH€ IIpaTrMaTHu€CKHX ocoOeHHocTeli
BOMPOCHTeEJIBHBIX IID€//JIO3K€eHHli Bo/Iee TOTO, IIDaTMậTHW€CKH€ OCOƠ€HHOCTH
BOIIDOCHT€JIBHBIX ID€/IJIOXK€HHI B DYCCKOM W Bb€THAMCKOM #3BbIKAX He SBJI4JIHCb OỐb€KTOM CII€IIHAJIEHOTO HCCJI€IOBAHH1 CC VHÊTOM 2TOTO HaII€ HCCJI€IOBAHH€ ID€/LIAFA€T CHCT€MATHM€CKOC, BCeCTOPOHHee OIHCAHH€ IIDAFMaATHH€CKHX OCÕ€HHOCT€Ï DYCCKHX H Bb€THAMCKHX BOIDOCHTG/IbHBIX IID€/JIO3K€HHÍ UW CpaBHeHHe WX B IPATMATHU€CKOM 8CII€KT€, IIO3BO/IHIOIIC ØODOTbC1 C€ 34TDY/IH€HHMH, IIOSBJIIIOIIHMHCS V VHAIIHXCI B IDOICC€ OBJI4€HH4 CHCT€MỌÍ YIOTp€ØJI€HH4 DYCCKHX H Bb€THAMCKHX ID€JJIO?K€HHÏI HeMaJIOBAKHYVRO pOJIb HTPA€T BO3MO?KHOCTb, IIO3BOJIIEOII3ĩ” HOBBICHTb D€3YJIbTATHBHOCTb VH€ƠHOFTO IIDOHI€CCA, OCHOBbIBAãCb HDH HO/ITOTOBK€ Vu€ƠHBIX MAT€DHđ/IOB Ha M€TO/IHH€CKHX IIDHHIIHIAX DalWOHAJIbHOTO y4uéra DONHOTO 4#3bIKa ydaiterocd Bcể BBIHI€H3JIOK€HHO€ CBH/€T€JIBCTBY€T OO
AKTYAJIBHOCTH T€MBI HACTO1#II€ MâTWCT€DCKOH WCC€DTAIMH
2 HayqHai# HOBH3HA DAỐOTBI
HoBHM3Ha HaII€elfi paỜOTBI 3aKJIOHA€TCH B TOM, MTO B H€ÌÍ DYCCKH€
BOIIDOCHT€/IBHBI€ IID€JI/IO?K€HH1 CHCTCMHO OIIHCBIB8IOTC“ W COMOCTABJIAIOTCA C Bb€THaMCKHMH 2KBHBA/ICHTAMH C€ TOWKH 3D€HH1 IIDATMaATHKH
3 I[euIE H 3a1AWH HCC.I€I0BAHHS
Trang 9Bb€THAMCKOM #3bIKâX 6 Jia HOCTHX€HH1 HOCTABJICHHỌ HJIH B Hallet paØOT€ De€laloTrcs C/I€YIOHIH€ 3a/1awH: - OIHCAHH€ DYCCKHX BOIDOCHT€/IbHBIX IID€/IJIO3K€HHĂ B IIDATMATHH€CKOM aCI€KT€; - OHHCAHH€ BbeTHAMCKHX BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBIX HD€/JJIOX€HHI” B IIDAaTMATHH€CKOM 8CIKT€;
- COHOCTABIICHHG DYCCKHX BOIPOCHTeJIbHBIX HD€JUIOK€HHĂ" C Bb€THAMCKHMH C€ TOHKH 3D€HH1 IDATMATHKH: OƠHADY?K€HH€ OƠIIHX H OT/INHHHBIX yept B YIOTD€GI€HHH BOIDOCHT€/IbHBIX (bopM H HX TIIDATMAJIHHTBHCTHM€CKOTO (ÙYHKIHOHHPOBAHH1
4 MeTo/bI HcC2I€10BAHH1
B Ka4€CTB€ OCHOBHBIX M€TO/OB B DÀOT€ HCIO/Ib3VIOTC# OIIHCAT€/IbHBIlÍ MeTO, COIIOCTABHT€JIbHHI M€TOI U (ÙYHKHHOH3/IbBHO-CeMAHTHu€CKHÍ KOHT€KCTYđ/IbEHHIÏ HAJIH3 BBbICKA3bIBAHHÍ, COJI€D?3KAIIWX BOIDOCHT€/IEHBIG IID€/IJIOK€HH1
3 VÍCTOHHHKH MAT€DHA.10B
PaOOTa Õ43HDY€TCI Ha MAT€DHAdJIAX, IIOM€DKHYVTBHX H3 XYJIO3€CTB€HHBIX IIDOH3B€JI€HHÌ COB€TCKHX W DOCCHÍCKHX AaBTOPOB H H3 yu€eÕØHỌÍ JIWT€DaTYPHI
6 3HaqHMOCTb HCCJI€I0BAHH1
- Teopemuueckaa 3Ha4uuUMOCMb pabombl
B padote c pa3HbIxX TOUeK 3peHHA HCCIeyIOTCA pyCCKHe H Bb€THAMCKHe BOIIDOCHT€G/IbHBI€ IID€/JJIO3K€HH4, COIIOCTAB/I85Cb B IDATMATHH€CKOM äCII€KT€
- [Tpakmuueckaa 3HauumMocmb pabomol
Trang 10DYCCKOTO s3bIKa, a TakoKe pH COCTABJI€HHH IIDOTDAMM, VH€OHHKOB H vueGHhiIx HIoco6Hli
BOJI€€ TOIO, D€3V/IbBTATBI /IHCC€DTAHHOHHOI pDaỜOTBI MOIYT PBITb HCIIOJIb3OBAHBI /IJI1 /13/IbH€ÌÍIIGTO HCC/I€IOBAHH1 IIDOOJICM, KaCAIOIIHXCS BOIIDOCHTG/IbHBIX IID€/IJIOK€HHlI
7, CTPYKTVYDA paÕoTbiI
PaOota COCTOHT H3 BB€I€HHH, /IBYX I7I4B, 3@KJIOH€HH", CHHCKaA HCIIOJIb3OBAHHỌ JIWT€DATYDBI H CIHCKađ HCTOHHHKOB MAT€DHAJIOB
BO BB€I€HHH = OOOCHOBBIBAIOTCA KTVAJIbHOCTbP H HOBH3HA HCCJI€JOBAHH1, ÕO3HAWaIOTC# I€JIb H 34/124H DaÕOTbI, VKđ3bIBAIOTC1 M€TO/IBI HCCJI€JIOBAHH1, 3HaqWMOCTb, CTDYKTYDaA H OỐbÊM DaƠOTHI
ll€DBad T/I4BA IHIOCBWIICHA OIHCAHHIO DYCCKHX BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBIX IID€/IJIO3K€HHÏÍ B IIDaTMATHH€CKOM aCIIKT€
BTrOpa# Tjl4BA HOCBAäHICHA HDATMATHU€CKHM OCÕ€HHOCT#M Bb€THAMCKHX BOIIDOCHT€JIbHbIX ID€JJIO3K€HHÍ B COIIOCTABJI€HWH € DYVCCKHMH 2KBHBAJICHTaAMH
B 3aK/IION€HHH IIOJBO/ISTCð HTOTH HCCJI€JIOBAHH1
Trang 11ILUIABA 1 OIIHCAHHE PYCCKMX BOIIPOCHTEKJIbHBIX HPE/I7IO2KEHHH B IIPATMATHUECKOM ACTIIEKTE
1.1 BonpocHT€.IbHbI€ HID€/JI0?K€HH1 B CHCT€M€ HIDOCTBIX ID€/J10?K€HHH 1.1.1 [lpnHHwnbi 1€J1I€HHS ID€/J102K€HHH
BOIIDOCHT€/IbHbIM IID€/IJIOK€HHSM OTBO/IHTCä OCÒO€ M€CTO B HCTODHH A3bIKOBeJIeCHHA H B COBD€M€HHỌ /JIHHTBHCTHK€ /j/|OBOJIbHO CJIO3KHO OIID€H€JIHTb M€CTO BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBbIX HD€JJIO3K€HHÍ B CHCT€M€ DYCCKHX IID€/IJIOK€HHI, WTO OỐYCJIOBJI€HO pa3HbIMH MH€HHSMH, D33JINMHBIMH 7I€JICHHSMH TIO DA3HbIM KDHT€DHSM
l) Ilben/IO€eHH%+ DaCCMATDHBAIOTCW IID€/ICTABHT€JISMH JIOTHH€CKOTO CHHTAKCHCA B KAH€CTB€C #3BbIKOBBIX CYKJCHHH, B CHIY H€TO KOMMYHHKaTHBHbIe THIIbI BbICKa3bIBAHHHM HOM€IHI3/IHCb B O/NHV CXeMy IID€/IJIOK€HHä (TOHT OTM€THTb, HTO H3JIH3Y HIO/HAIOTCH /IHHIb Te IID€/IJIO3K€HH4, KOTODBI€ TDAHCJIHDOB4đJW CY3KI€HH1 (IOB€CTBOBATG/IbHBI), OCTABJI4 €3 BHHMAHH1 HHbI€ (BOIDOCHT€JIbBHBI€, IOỐYHHT€JIbHhI€) lÏpm 9TOM EƠ BaHHHKOB 3aM€HA€T, WTO MBIIIJICHH€ OCYII€CTBJII€TCð H€ TOJIbKO B (bopmMe CYyX7€HH4 Jloruueckve KaT€TODHH BOIIDOCA W IOƠY3KJI€HH41 B CBOHX TJIABHBIX CTDYKTYDHBIX €DTAX TaK?K€ OCHOBbIBđIOTC Hả MOJJIH CY?KJI€HH1 M3 3TOFO CJI€IY€T, MTO CY3K/I€HH€, BOIIDOC H IIOỐY3I€HH€ COCTABJISIOT JIOTHu€CKYVIO Õ43Y ID€/IIO2K€HH1
Trang 12ŒpOH/IHDVIOT /IDVT OT Wpyra: HOB€CTBOBATG/IIbBHBIC HM€IOT D€3/IbHYVIO MOJI3JIbHOCTb HJIH MO/JIA/IbHOCTb ID€JIOJIO?KHTGJIbHOCTH, IIÕY/IWHT€/JIBHBI€ — MOJI3JIbHOCTb_ IOƠYV3KJI€HH4, OIITATHBHBIC — MO/AJIbHOCTb ?K€/IAT€/IbHOCTH [IDOTHBOHIOCTABJI€HH€ BOIIDOCHT€JIbHbIX HD€/H/IOK€HHÍ OCYIHI€CTBJII€TCH H€ H3 OCHOB€ MO/JI8JIbHOCTH, IIOCKOJIbKY B HOIOOHOM CMBICJI€ OHH CXOXH C IOB€CTBOBAT€JIbBHBIMH ITO OƠYCJIOBJICHO T€M, HMTO BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBI€
IID€/UJIO3KCHHZ1 WM€IOT 3HAH€HH€ D€a/IbHOITO (aKTa: 7o npuuuẽ1?2 Koeịa yxoOum noe30? WJM TpeAMOIOXRKUTeIbHOCTH: A mol nocmynus Oot Mak?
3) Ilo WesteycTraHoOBKe pa3eATb HD€/JJIO2K€HHäS Haya emé B MepHor 34POX/JI€HH1 VH€HH1 O CHHTAKCHU€CKOM cTpoe pycckoro 3BIKa Ho BIOCJI€ICTBHWH xXapakKTep WU AMKH HOHHMAHH% IICI€YCTAHOBKH 4H, CJI€IOBAT€JIbBHO, COCTAB BBII€JII€MBIX IIO 2TOMY KDHT€DHRO K/IACCOB
IID€/JIO3K€HHI B HCTODHH HayKH M€HSJINCb ÏÏOHa4AJIY THIBI ID€/JIO3K€HH
J€JIHJIHCb Hã 06@CH6GO6đ@T6JIbHĐI©, 6OHDOCHIH€IIbHĐI€ HH GOCKJIHHJGHMGJIDHĐIG [IO3›K€ IID€7JIOKHJIH C/JI€YIOII€€ /I€JI€HH€: HID€/J10?K©HH1 IIOBCCTBOBAT€CJIEHHIC BOIIDOCHTCJIBHBIC [IÕY/IWHT€/IbHBI€
TaKHM OƠP43O0M, DO.Ib HD€/H/JIOK€HHÍĂ 34KJIOdaA€TCW B HI€pe/aqe TDỂX
OCHOBHBIX (OPM MBICJIH — CYV?3KJIGHHä: Ả 19 VHJGblO, 6O HĐbM€ U Opbl32ax,
nomok cmpemumca Haecmpeuy mopio, 2pema KamuHamu (M TODbKUH, “Tlecua o Coxose”); Bompoca: A ¥mo OH Bude, yMepuUu COKO/, 6 hycmoiHe
6é
amou 6e3 Ona u Kpaa? (M TopoKxuu, “Ilecua ư CoKoe”); IOOYI€HNS: A
Mbl NOOBUHOCA HA Kpau yiufesoa u enuz Opocaucs (M Topekuu, “Tlecua o
Trang 13H KOMIIJI€KCY (ODMAJIbHbIX XâaDAKT€DHCTHK — TJIATOJIbHBIX (ODM, CJIY3K€OHBIX
CJIOB H /IDYTWX (ÙaKTODOB Ba?KHO VHHTBIBATb, HTO HID€/IJIO)KCHH1 JIOƠOTO H3 Tpéx (ÙÌYHKHHOHA/IEHBIX THIOB MOTYT HM€Tb 2MOIHOHA/JIbEHVIO OKDACKYV — IICD€JIABATbC IIDH IOMOIIW CD€G/CTB HHTOHđIIMH, ä HHOT/1A — H 1ACTHII,
B MHOTOHWC/I€HHBIX #3bIKOB€/JI€CKWX Tpyax (ÙÌODMHDYV€TCW MBICJIb O TOM, HIO M€XKHY IOBCCTBOBATGIIbBHBIMH, BOIDOCHTCIbHBMH HH IOƠYHWT€/IbHBIMH IID€JIJIO?K€HHSMH HT OTHỂT/IHBBIX PAMOK, HTO KOMIIJI€KC BBIDA3WT€/JIbHBIX CD€JICTB #13bIKA KaK PeyYeBOH /I€ST€JIbSHOCTH TADAHTHDY€T M5TKH€ II€D€XO/IBI OT HIOỐY?KJI€HW4 K BOIDOCY, OT BOIIDOCA K CV?KJI€HHIO, OT IOƠY3JI€HH1 K CYV%/ICHHIO CHadaja Œ,Œ®, (OpTVyHaTOB, a nocne A.M TlenikoBCKHH W3VW47IH BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBI€ IID€JIJIO?K€HH5 B Kaq4€CTB€ O/IHOTO H3
BHJIOB IÕY/IWT€/IbHoOl pewn (BepnHwK 1995, c, 46-52)
Ilo MmHeHH© A./|[ LlMe/leBa, B IOBC€HIH€BHOIl PD€MH IIDOHCXOHHT
HCIIOJIb3OBAHH€ BOIIDOCHTCJIbEHBIX HD€/JIJIO3KGHHI H€ TO/IbKO C€ H€JIbEO 3A/ATb
BOIIDOCA, HO I1 HOỐY3KJI€HHZ K /I€CÏCTBHEO, H /UI1 COOƠII€HHS WH(ODMAHWH
(HHIMeneps 1993, c 86-92) T.K) MKkpTdSH IDHBOHHT T€3HC O TOM, HTO B
aKaJICMHH€CKHMX TDY/I1AX BOIDOCHTC/IbHBI€ IID€/JIO?KCHH5 YIOTD€Ơ.IIIOTC4ZI B BHJI€ DHTODHUu€CKWX BOIDOCOB, KOTODBIC B CBOIO OH€D€/Ib H€ TDCƠYIOT OTB€TA, TO ỐwIIIb HO CVTH BBIDA?KđIOT H€ BOIIpDOC, a coOoØIIeHnwe (MKprùaH 2001, c 28-33)
KaK BH7IWM, BOIIDOCHT€JIbHO€ ID€/IJIO)KCHH€ #1BJII€TCð BBIDA3HT€JICM H H€ IOJIJINHHHOTO H H€ OIIHƠỐOHHOTO CV?KJI€HH4, ©€FO KaqecTBa (0ÌODMHDYVIOTCä
TO BO3I€fCTBHCM KOTHHHHH 1D€CATA: He3HaHHeM OIID€JI€JIEHHOl
HH{ODMAIHWHW H/IH 3K€JIAHHCM IIO3HATb ©Ể (ĐHUJIOJIOFH HOJI4TAIOT, HTO B BOIIDOCHT€/IbEHO€ IID€/JIJIO3K€HH€ BBIIIOJIHSGT H€ TOJIbKO IOHCKA H€3HAKOMBIX /JAHHBIX, HO HM (VyHKHHH IIOƠYVXJICHH1, OTBeTa Ha KaKOl-IHỐO (ÙaKT JICHCTBUTeCIbHOCTH HIM COOỐIHI€HHšI, TD€ÕYEOIHIHIC BCTD€HHOTO D€H€BOTO
Trang 144) B oIIHCaT€JIbHOl H HODMATHBHOI TpAMMATHK€ DYCCKOTO #3bBIKa “Al -
80” Bce IID€JH/JIOXK€HHI HO HDHHHHHVY KOMMVYHHKATHBHOl VCTAHOBKH /JI€JIITC Hã H€BOIIDOCHTGJIbHbI€ WH BOIDOCHT€/IbHBI€ (AI -80, 40, c 88) HeBOIDOCHT€JIEHBI€ IHD€JJIO3K€HH4 CTpOATCA Ha COOƠIHICHHWX, TO eCTb TOBODIIHÌ OƠ/1A1A€T OIID€JI€/IEHHI HWH(ODMAIIH€ÍÍ, IOB€CTBV€T O HẾM-TO HCTHHHOM WIM BOOỐPA3KA€MOM, BbICKA3bIBA€T CÕCTB€HHOC %X€JIAHHC, TpeOyerT WIM IIDOCHT B€3YCJIOBHO, B KAT€TODHIO H€BOIDOCHT€/IEHBIX IID€/IJIO3K€HHÌÍ BXOJAT IOB€CTBOBAT€/IbHBI€ H TIÕY/IHT€JIbBHBI€ IID€JJIO3K€HM4 B OTrHdH€ OT H€BOIDOCHTGJIbBHBIX IID€/JIOHHI BOIDOCHT€/IbHBI€ OIIHDAIOTCI Hã 34HDOC, IOHCK /IAHHBIX HJIH COOỐII€HHH: TOBODSIIHH COOỐIIA€T O TOM, HTO OH XOH€T BBI4CHHTb ÈÏ3 23TOTO BBIT€KA€T, HTO KJIACCHÙHMKAIHIHIH B 34BHCHMOCTH OT H/ICYCTAHOBKH BBICTYHA€T IIDOTHBOIOCTABJICHH€M KJIACCHÙHKAIHWH IIO IIDH3HAKY BOIIDOCHT€JIbBHOCTH / H€BOIIDOCHT€/IbHOCTH HID€/J10?K€HH1 BOHDOCHTCJIBHHIC H€BOIIDOCHT©JIEHHIC TIOBCCTBOBAaTCJIBHbIe IOƠYHWT€/IbHBI€
B Hamlet padoTe MbI IDHHHJIH K/JIACCHÙHKAHHIO HDOCTBIX IID€H/IO3K€HH, IDHB€TEHHV!O B “AT -80”, c 668
1.2 KpaTKHH 030D 0Hp€J€UI€HHH BOHDOCHT€.IbHbBIX ID€JJ102K€HHlH B HayK€e H€ BBIDaOOTAHO €/IHHOTO OID€JI€/I€HH1 BOIDOCHT€/JIbHbBIX
IID€7IO?K€HHĂI
Trang 15IID€/IJIO?K€HHä, HM€IOIIH€ CBO€ÏÍ I/IbBIO CIOJIBHTHYTb CÕ€C€/HWKAđ BBIDA3HTb
MBICJIb, HHT€D€CYIOIIYERO TOBODSIHIeTO: Kmo 3mo coean?; 3auem 39mo emy nonaịoØ1oco2 [Banrnna, 12, c 3 16]
Ilo MmHeHHnO (C Mapitiaka, K BOMPOCHTEJIbHbIM OTHOCATCH
IID€/IJIO3K€HH1, 3AKJIOHAIOIIH€ B C€ẴÕ€ BOIIDOC, HạIDHM€P: K10 CHIVWWmMCS 6
Ị6@Pb KO MH€ € 1O1CITioUl CyMKON Hq pemHe? (C.A Maputax, [louma “Bopucy 2Kummkò ”) A.M 3eMcKnli, C.E KpioqKobB, M.B CBe€T/Ia©B OKa3bIBaroT, 4TO
BOIIDOCHT€/IEHBIC IID€JJIO3KCHHZ HJIH HOỐY?KJIAIOT COỐ€C€/HHKA BBICKA33ATb TO-JIHƠO, HJIH 3€ TD€ƠYIOT OT H€TO IIOJITB€D?KJI€HH4Z HJIH OTDHIIAHH4 TOTO,
4TO BbICKa3aHO TOBOpAWIMM Hanpumep: TaK địi eOere2 `2mm0 yore peumeno?;
Bot 6onowue He 3Haeme oO HéM?
BonpocutesibHble IID€JJIOXK€HHA, Kak 3aMeuaeT JI.D Po3seHTalb,
Oa3HpyroTcs Ha BOITpOce O YéM-JIHO0 H€B€JIOMOM TOBODSIHI€MV: /J4/€KO J1 6DI
omcrooa xcueéme?(Hean Typeenee “Coobpanue nogecmet u paccKa306 6 OỊHOM IoMe ”); Pa36e camas cKOpoHnaa 6 Mupe My3bIKa He Oắm cuacmbA?
(Pozenma, 39, Co6pemMeHHbiu PyCCKUU ABbIK, C 296)
OTB€T HA BOIIDOC, 34KJIOHEHHHBIl B BOIDOCHT€G/IbBHOM IID€J/IOK€HHH,
IBJI4€TC1 Õ313aT€JIbHOlÍ XapaKTepHoli qepToli, Io MHeHH:!o B.B Bba6alIeBoli:
lÏDUXOOIUIOCb JIH GHỊCHb KOIIOUHC KỹCHDI MO2IC2ICCGGIbDHHRq, NPUAMHO naxuywjue cmojorw? (MW CoKozioB-MnkwToB) [Ba6Øalinebpa, 4, c 423]
Trang 16JIAHHBIX Cepbé3HO BAapbupyeTcA: OT CB€/I€HHÌÍ O /I€SIT€JI€ (7O 30Ẵ@Cb celudac
Øịoixa?) WO MecTra nelcTBHq1 (Bịi HaXxoỊUnecb 6 ÍocK6e?), OT HGJIH (2W@M bi 113VWđG1b DVCCKUMfĐ 301K 2) NO CHTYAHWMH B GOM (Ĩn-HuÕyỊb 8 3ab011?; VY meÕ1 eCInb KHUeđ))
PaccMaTDHBA11 xXapakTep O3KH/IA€MOFTO OTB€TA, HIDHXOHWM K BBIBOJV, ỊTO B 2TOM IIJIAH€ BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBI€ IID€/JIJIO?K€HH4 F€T€DOT€HHBI BO-I€DBHIX, OTB€T MO3K€T /IOKA3BIBATb /IHỐO OIDOBCPTATb /IOCTOB€DHOCTb q€rO-JIHƠO:
3aempa MO2CV€M€ KO MH€ HpMHmMUM? OTB€T: - /la usu - Hem Bo-Broppix,
OTB€T MO?K€T COOƠIIATb HOBVIO WHŒODMAHHMIO O HẾM-JHƠO: Kmo amo? B JAHHOM C/IYHA€ O?KHJIA€TCđ OTBGT, COJI€D?KAaIIHÌÍ HOBO€C COOƠII€HH€, HOBBI€ CB€/ICHH1
BOIPOCHTGJIEHBM H€JJIOK€HHSM IIODOÌ HDHCVIIA CYỐb€KTHBHO-
MOJlaIbHad Okpacka Ona 3aKJIOHA€TC1 B ID€NIIOJIOKCHHH (#⁄mp ÕyỊeM ecmpeyamb KOZO-HMỐØyỊb?), HeyBepeHHocTH (Bot Kak O6ydmo 3MGSM
couyecmeyeme? (M.M IlpunmBMH) uw wap OnHaKO HaÕ/O/AaeTcs OIID€/I€/IỀHHA51 C€/ICKTHBHOCTb BOIDOCHT€JIbHBIX ID€JIJIO?K€HHÌI B OTHOIICHWHW CYObCKTHBHO-MOJIaJIbHbIX 3HAYCHHH: CCIM OJJHH TakHe 3HA4YCHHA BePOATHBI aOCOJIKOTHO BO BCeX BHaX BOMPOCHTEJIBHBIX MpeWIOKeHHH, IDYTH€ — JINMIIb B OT/ICJIbHBIX H3 HHX B H€KOTODBIX CJIYdAã”X MMeeT M€CTO COBMCII€HH€ BOIDOC2a CO 3HA4CHHIMH, BBIDA?KAIOIHIHMHCS H€BOIDOCHTGJIbHBIMH IID€H/IOK€eHHaMH HaIpHMeD, BOHpOC Bedb mot Oomou udeutb? BMeLIaeT
2JICM€HT VTB€D3/ICHH1; BOIIDOC /@10Kđ HG npodawmb su, xo3siouKa? (A.H
To.IcTol) 3aK/IIOdaeT B ceÕ© IDOCbOY; BOHpOC ÏJOW@MW Ốbl H€ GCHOMHHđmb noyawe 06 93mMomM OnbIMe? (Ta3eTAa) COT€D3KHT COB€T
Ilonuac crupaetca TDpAHb M©?3KJIY BOHIDOCOM H YVTB€D3X/ICHHCM, HTO IDHBOHHT K BO3HHKHOB€HWIO (Ù€HOMCHA_ IIOJIYBOIDOCA-IOJIYYTB€D3X/ICHHä:
Trang 17BCJI€ICTBH€ ODH€HTHDOBAHHOCTH HA IIOJIYdCHH€ HOBBIX CB€JI€HH BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBI©€ IID€JJIO€HHØ1 HCIIOJIB3VIOTCH B KAH€CTB€ CB53VIOIHIeTO 2JICM€HTA COH€TAHH4 D€IIIHK, H€OỐXO/HMO IIDH HIOCTpO€HHWH MaJ1OFa lĨlpH aII€/LIIHWH K CaMOMYV C€ÕC€, B DAaCCY?KI€HH5X IDHM€HCHH€ BOIIDOCAa MO?K€T H€
CTABHTE II€D€JI COƠỌÍ H€/IBIO IOJIYd€HH€ OTBGTA: “7?0 ở H€1l HDOHCXOOUMN? KqK OHq ỊyMwaem? KqK OHq uyecmeyem? Xouem Ju OHA UCnbIMaMb MeHA, UU
OeucmeumejbHO He Moocem npocmumo? He modcem ova cKa3amMb 6cezO,
umo OymMaem Uu uyecmeyem, wu He xo4vem? CMA2Y4UIIACo JU OHA, UU
O310Ø/1đCb ?” — cnpauueal ceba Hexii0006 u HUKAaK He MO2 OmM6emumMb cebe (JI Toucton)
KIIOqeBO€ 3HaueHHe TPH POpMyJIMPOBKe BOIPOCHTEJIBHbIX BOIIPOCOB OTBO/IHTC# BOIIDOCHT€JIbEHbIM HACTHIIAM JIU, He JU, YMO, UMO Ce, KAK, HO
JIU, pazee, Heyocesu, uMO ecu, a, OA, NDABOA, He nNpaeOoa JU, MAK, MAK 6eOb,
He MAK JIU, 6EPHO, BOMPOCHTeJbHbIM MCCTOMMCHHBbIM CJIOBaM KMO, Y¥mMO,
KAKOU, KAKOG, Yeu, KOMOPbvlU, CKOJIbKO, KAK, 20e, KyOd, OMKyOd, OoKyOa,
KO2Ịđ, HOH©MY, OHW€2O, 3QW@M, HŒCKOJIbKO bJIarO/aAp1 TaKHM CD€TCTBAM H3 H€BOIIDOCHT€/IbHOTO ID€/IJIO?K€HH MO3KHO CJI€/IATb BOIDOC HJIH II€D€CIpOC
Bompoc MoxeT ObITb BbIPakKeH CHHTAKCHUHCCKH CâaMOCTOST€JIbHBIM ID€/IJIOK€HHeM (ÏÏOKđ3Ð16đ11 OH 6ữM HO6bl© MđII6PWđ/ĐI2); IIDGJHJIOKGHNeM, BXO/IHINHM B COCTaB CJIOKHOrO (Haut nopAdoK 6am He HpaeumcsA, 23MO Mobi
6UOUM, WVGCIIGVGM, A KAKOU C6Ol NOpAOOK 6bi HDMỊVMđ1H2 LT oppKui); Ø€CCOIO3HBIM BBGJI€HH€M (2Í y Hac HOỊCO/IHVX — 6@MỊẴđđ? — Ị6đ JIMCIIOuKđ
DACKPDLI, a 6obume He Moxcem IlaHoBa)
PoIbE OOpMJICHHA BOIIPOCHTeJIbHOrO IIDGJHJIO3KHHT B IeJIOM (OOMeEBONpOCHTeIbHat QMyYHKUMA) WIM HOIHỀDKHBAHH1 BOIIDOCA, Ha3biparollero IIDGJIM€T BOIIDOCA (HACTHOBOIIDOCHTG/IbHa4 (ÙYyHKHHM4S: Bor
KOMaHOyeme 39MUM OMpAOOM?; DQmum JU OMmpAOOM bbl KOMaHOyeme?; He
Trang 181.4 OcHoBaHHs 71J11 KJIACCH(HKAHHH BOHIDOCHT€JIEHBIX HID€JJ10?K€HHH BOIIDOCHT€JIEHBIM HD€/JIO3K€HHWM CBOlCTB€HHA H€O/IHODO/HHOCTb B (OPMaJIbHOH YCTpOeHHOCTH, CeMaHTHKe HW KOMMYHHKATHBHbBIX (DYHKHH4X,
TO OỐYC/IOBJICHO CaMỌÍ IDHDO/Ol 1AHHOFTO THIIa HD€JU1O3K€HHII WÏ3 2TOTO
C/ICIY€T, 4TO MO3KHO IDOB€CTH K/JIACCHÙHKAHHIO BOIDOCHTG/IbEHBIX IID€/IJIO?K€HHÏÍÍ IIO D43HBIM OCHOBAHHSM PaCCMOTDHM OCHOBHBI€ H3 HHX
lI)B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CHOCOỐA 3anpoca H€H3B€CTHOTO BBIJ€JIIEOT VTOHHSHIOIHIH€ H BOCHOUIHHIOIHIH€ BOIIDOCBI ÝTOHNHWHIOHIHMH, 3AKDBITBIMH
HJIH “JIH”-BOHIDOCAMH ĐHM€HVIOTCI BOIDOCBI, B KOTODBIX CBeJeCHHA
HeOOxXOJMMO YTOHHHTb 3aKPbITbIMH HX H33bIBAIOT B CHJIY BO3MO?KHOCTH JATb OIDAHHUCHHO€C KOJIHU€CTBO OTB€TOB, “JIH”-B0OHDOCAMH — H3-3a IIpHCyTCTBHA, KaK IIDABHJIO, B BOHIDOCHT€JIbHOM IID€JHJIO3K€HHH WACTHIIBI “1w” B H€KOTOPEIX C/IYdAãX taCTHIIAa “JIM” MOXKET OTCYTCTBOBATL: Jaempa OIHDđGIHIMCS 6 tMKOJI}
K BOCHOJIHHIOMIMM, OTKPbITbIM HIM “4TO”-BOIIpOcaM OTHOCATCA
BOIPOCHI, CO/I€D3XAlIH€ TD€ÕOOBAHH€ IID€HOCTABHTb HOBbIe CB€/€HH4 OTKPBITBIMH OHH Ha3bIBalOTCA 3-38 HeOrpaHH4eHHOK BO3MO?KHOCTH
ID€JIOCTAB.JI€HH1 HWHÙODMAIHHH, a “WT0”-B0OHIDOCAMH — 43-34 TOrO, 4TO
OICPATOP BOIPOCA BBIPA)KCH BOIIDOCHTCJIEBHBIMH MeCCTOHMCHHAMH THII3
“tIro?”, “Korna?” “Iloewy?” “*l ne?” n T.J
TnbI BOIDOCOB IlpnMephi
Trang 19
BBIDAK€HHX BOIDOCHT€/JIEHOCTH) BBIJI€/IIIOTCðS IHIDGJJIO?KCHHS, B KOTODBIX BOIPOCHTeJIbHOCTbh BBIDAXaercd: 1) CH€HHAJIBHBIMH €JI0BAMH — BOIIDOCHT€/IbHbIMH M€CTOHMCHHSMH HINH BOIDOCHT€/IEHbIMH qaCTHIAaMH (1, He Jiu, pazée, Heyscelu, Ulu, MUH10, KúK H JIp.), 2) HHT0HanHel [B.A benomarnkosa, 10, c 625] TnbEI BOIDOCHT€)IEHBIX HDp€HIJ10KeHHH | IÏDHMe€DBI 1 lIlpenIOeHH1 CO CH€HHaJIbHBMH |P4366 6M 2đ106đHbÄ CJIOBAMH x6amaem? (CTraHtoKoBwu K.M “TIOBecTH w paccKa3bI”) He 2 lÏp€e7IO3K€HH4 € HHTOHaIW€l Bot Oo11u mam?
3) BH 34BHCHMOCTH OT Tua BOIDOCA HU IID€HHO/IAFTA@MOTO OTBeTAa D43/IHWAIOT OỐII€BOHDOCHT€.IEHBI€ H qACTH0BOHDOCHT€/IbHbI€ BOIDOCHTG/IEHBI€E HD€JIJIO3KeHHA [B.A bejnomankoBa, 10, c 625] OGII€eBOIDOCHT€JIbHbI€ (H€M€CTOHM€HHBI€) HD€JIOJIATAIOT B BHJ€ OTB€TA
IOJITB€pKeHH© (/la) min oTpnHaHne (HeT) ỦacTHOBOIDOCHT€JIEHBIMH
(MCCTOWM€HHBIMH) TAâKHC OTBCTbI He /IOIIYCKđIOTCI: H€ÕXOHHMO IID€/IOCTABJI€HH€ KaKHX-JIHỐO CB€JI€HHÏI J[€JIeHWe Ha OỐIII€BOIDOCHTG/IbEHBI H NACTHOBOIIDOCHT€JIEHBI€C IHD€HJIOHH1 COOTBeETCTByeT /I€JI€HHO HO (OPMAaJIbHOMY HDHHHHIY: BO-IDBBIX, BOIDOCHTCJIbHOCTb BbIpakaerca ACTHHAMH WIM ĐMHTOHAHH€M, BO-BTODBX — BOIDOCHTGJIbHbIMH M€CTOHM€HH4MH TđnbI BOHDOCHT€.TEHBIX IlpnMephi ID€/IJI02K€HHH
1 OGII€BOIDOCHT€.IbHBI€ He yexan mu AneKcanop? 2 acTHOBOIDOCHT€/IbHbBI€ Kyoa yexan AjleKcaHop?
Trang 20
JHjd OƠII€BOHDOCHTGIBHBX HD€/JIOK€HHÏ TJIABHBM ABJIAeCTCH
IIOJIYH€HHG /IAHHBIX O CHTYAIHHH B H€JIOM: Ï@K examo 3a Oemomu? (JI.H
To.icroli)
(aCTHOBOIIDOCHTG/IbHBIC HD€JJIOXK€HHS COJI€DXKAT BOIpDOC OỐ OT/ICJIbHOÌ CTODOH€ KAKOTO-TO (aKTa, O /I©ZIT€JIC, HOCHT€JIC COCTOHH4, O IIDH3HAK€, O T€X HJIH HHBIX OỐCTOST€JIbCTBaAX: 2702 6b Oenaiu?; A 6bl KAK
ClOỊaq nonau?; Kmo ace 3mo 6aM 6ce npuzomo6ul?
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OCBeXOMJICHHOCTH TOBODSIITO O TOM, HTO CIIpaliMBaeTCA, BOMPOCHTeJIBHbIe MpeIOHKCHHA JLeATCA Ha TOW PpyIiibl:
a) CÕCTB€HHO-BOIIDOCHTGJIbHBIC IIDG/JIO3KCHHHI, OTOƠD3?KAFOIIH€ aÕCO.IIOTHVIO H€OCB€HOM.ICHHOCTb_ CIDAIIHBAIOHI€TO: /Jpy2đ1 ỊOD02đ mym
ecmp?, l]e1q au ewe 9ma abnona?
6Ø) H€OID€/€JICHHO-BOIIDOCHT€JIEHBI€ ID€//JIO3K€HH41, OỐb€JHHSIOIIHG BOIIDOC C OTA/TKỌl, ID€/IHO/IO3KCHH€M, H€YB€D€HHOCTBIO, COMHeHHeM: Bol He
Mens 2cỊeme?, Boi KaK ØyỊNMO paccmpoeHnol?
B) KOHCTATHDVIOII€-BOIIDOCHTG/JIEHBI€ HD€/JIO3KCHH", COH€TAIOIIH€ BOIPOC € IIOHTH IIO/IHOÍ YB€DCHHOCTBIO, € VTB€D3KI€HH€M: W @/106Ø1/H 6
meoa, ne npaeoa 112? (W.C TypreneB)
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT O3KH/IA€MOIO OTBCTA BOIDOCHTG/IbHBI€ IID€/IJIO?K€HH5 MO?KHO D33/I€JIHTb Hã C7I€/YIOIIH€ TDYHHHI:
a) IID€JIUIO?K€HH1, 3IIDAIIWBAIOIIW€ OTB€T-IIOJTTB€D?KJI€HHC H/IH OTBCT- OTDHII3HHWe, T.€ OTB€T O CXOJICTB€ HJIH H€CXO/ICTB€ C /I€CTBHT€JIbHOCTBIO:
- Bedb moi coelacen?
- A? Hy, Hem A ewe He co6cem coejaceH (H.B Toros)
0) IP€/IJIO3KCHH1, HY?KJIAIOIIH€C1 B OTBCT€ B CBeJICHHAX, /IAHHBIX O
TOM, WTO CIIDAIIHBA€TCä:
Trang 21- Yatixa (A.]I dexoB)
4) B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3HAa4€HH1, XaDaKT€Da KOMMYHHKATHBHOTO 33/1AHH4 |BanrnHa, 13, c 316-3 l7] BOIIDOCHT€/IEHBI€ IID€JJIO3K€HH4 DaCID€JH€.15IOTCä Hâ TâaKH€ TDYHIHI: THmHnhI BONPOCHTCJIBHbIX IID€HI0?K€HHH IlpnMephi CÒCTB€HHO-BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBI€ Bị 34KOHuUuIM pabomy? (OHa yore HpDuua 2 BOHPOCHT€/ISHO-YTB€D/IHT€/IbHBI€ Tak 6b1 eOeme? Dmo yotce peueno? BOIpOCHT€JIEHO-OTPHIIAT€/IbBHBI€ Umo ace 6aM HIVH MOO2ICCIH HDGđ6GH11bCS2
BOIIDOCHT€/IbHO-HOỐY/IWT€/IbHBI€ max, moocem O6b1mb, HDOỊOJ2ICHM Hawme 3aHAmue? 3auMemcaA CHqqđ1đ noozomo6Kou?
BompocuTesIbBHO-puTopHueckHe
3HaemMe JIU 6bl YKPAUHCKYIO HOU’? O, Bol
He 3Haeme YKpauHcKou HouU!
3) 3aBHCHMOCTH OT XapakTepa KOMMYHHKaTHBHbIX 3aaHui H 3aKJIIOdEHHỌ B HHX aKTYaJIbHOM ĐHHWODMAHHH BC€Ẵ BOIDOCbI MO?KHO
IOJ€/IHTb Ha d€TbIpe THIa He IIpHB€IeHa KJIaccwntbwKannsd LI bana [bamm, 5, c 47-48]:
a) IĨ0./IHBHÍ NHKTAJIbHBHÍ BOHDpOC (1Ĩ €1yuu10cb?; B 4uém oe.0?) IIOIDA3YM€BA€T H€OCB€/IOMJIỂHHOCTb CIIDAIHIWBđIOII€TO O COƠBITHH B II€JIOM H ÕDAaIHIỂH KO BCCMY CO/I€D?KAHHIO BCTD€HHOTO BBICKA3bIBAHHS;
6) aCcTHHHHIÍ NHKTAJIbHBHÍ BOHDOC (Kmo b1?) OCHOBAH Ha
H€3HAHHH 4YacTHOrO CIICKTA COOBITH1 H HAaIIDABJICH K HACTH HHODMaIMH,
CO/I€DXaII©fÍCä1 B OTB€THOM BbICKA3bIBAHMH;
Trang 22TOBODMIIHÍ 3Ha€T O COƠBITHH B IICJIOM, HO H€ 3HA€T, OTB€HA€T JIM OHO 7I€ÌÏCTBHT€/IbHOCTH VĨM€IOTC1 34TDY/IH€HH4 IIO MOBOY peasIbHOCTH COOBITHA, COOTB€TCTB€HHO, TD€ÕY€TC# OIID€JI€/ICHH€ IDABHJIbHOCTH HJIH OIIHỐONHOCTH
CYIICTBYVIOIHI€l HHODMAIIMH;
r) HaCcTHHHBHÍ MO/HA2JIbHBIHI BOHDOC ( 0KOIV su nomén lagen?)
(ŒODMYIHDY€T COMH€HH€ B 1aCTHOM aCII€KT€ COOBITH1
B nHccepTaHHOHHOI paØOT€ MBI IIDH/ICD3KHBA€MC# TOHKH 3D€HH1d aBTOPOB D33/€/II€M “AI -§0” BoHpOCHT€/IIbHBbI€ IID€HJIO3K€HHH, OCYII€CTBJIIIOIIH€ BTODHHHBIE (VHKHHH, ỐYJYT H3JIO€HBI B D331GJI€
#1lparMaTHu€CKHI aCHI€KT BOIIDOCHT€JIEHBIX HID€/JIO3K€HHl” 15 IĨparMaTHWeCKHI H01XOH K H3Y4€HHIO HID€JJ10?K€HH1
⁄l3bIK 41BJII€TCI MOTYII€CTB€HHBIM HHCTDYM€HTOM MBICJIeH, Hen,
23MOIIHÍ JIOJI€l, OKA3bIBA51 CH/JIbHO€ BJIHZIHH€, IIO3TOMY H€ YV/IHBHT€JI€H DOCT HHT€D€CA K #3bIKOBBIM CD€/ICTBAM, HCHO/JIb3VIOIHIHMCS J8 (ŒỚODMYJIHDOBKH D43HOTO poya HHT€HHHI 2fïO €IHIỂ D43 IIOHITB€D3KHIA€T H€ÕƠXO/HMOCTb HCCJI€JIOBAHH5 CTDYKTYDBI TDâMMATHH€CKHX H JICKCHH€CKHX €/IHHHII, BBIỐOD KOTODBIX IID€HCTABJII€TC1 B€/IYHIHM B IIDATMATHK€
OHNHOI H3 32H13, CTOIIIHX H€P€HT JIHHIBHCTHKOIH H #B/II'OIIHXCS CBO€BD€M€HHbIMH C€ IIO3HHHI T€ODHH T€KCTA, H@JIH3A3 /IHCKYDCA, T€ODHH peuyeBbIX KTOB, IIDAFMđJINHTBHCTHKH, BBICTYIIA€T OCB€HICHH€ /IHCKYpCA Cc KOHKD€THBIM WHT€HIIHOHđ/IbHBIM CMBICJIOM
Trang 23Cc IHO3HHHH TOBODMIIHCFIO uw ero anpecara Ilo 232roH IIpHuHHG
IIDATMAJINHTBHCTHKA CBW334H3 CC HH€€Ï /I€WST€JIbHOCTH B Halu HH IPOHCXOJIHT CTAHOBJICHH€ HOBOIO HAIDABJICHH", A3HDVIOIHITOCS Ha WH3Y4€HHH WHT€HIIHOHHBIX CMBICJIOB, B CHJIY COCTABJICHHOTO CIIMCKA D€H€BBIX HHT€HIHH B DYCCKOM #3bIK€, CIIO/BHTAIOIIWX TOBODSII©TO K TÊM HJIH HHBIM peyeBbIM akTaM ÏaKK€ OblJla HDOB€ICHA K/JIaCCH(HKAHWS D€H€BBIX WHHT€HIIHÍ IIO UX THIAM H KJIAaCCcaM
B T€ODHH IIDATMđJIHHTBHCTHKH B€IVYIHIHMH IIOHSTHSIMH BBICTYIHAIOT “DeqeBOl aKT” H “D€q€BA7“1 HHT€HIIH5” COCTAB D€M€BOTO KT COCTOHT H3 TDpểX (43 — JIOKYTHBHOTO KT, H/ILIOKYTHBHOTO KT H I€D/IOKYTHBHOTO aKTa JIOKYTHBHbIM aKTOM ABJIACTCA KT IDOH3H€C€HH1, YCTAHABJIHBAIOIIHI CB513b COOỐIHICHH4 C€ /I€ÌÏCTBHT€/IbHOCTbI (T.€ OIIDGH€JISIOIHHÍ ero CTHJIb H
pej€epeHHIHO) HU IpOdäBJIälOlHHlfCI B (ŒODMHDOBAHHH IIDOIIO3HIHH
COOỐIHICHH1, HOKA3BIBAROIHHÏ OTHOIICHHC M@KIY COHI€D3KAHH€M BbICK33bIBAHH1 HW KaPTHHOK Mupa A HJUJIOKYTHBHHIÍ AKT — AKT, CBA3AHHbIM C BOIIJIOIICHH€M KOHKPeTHOM KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH HHT€HIIHH, IỊ©CJIH 3/ID€CATa [Ï€D/IOKVTHBHHĂ KT IID€ICTABJISGT COƠOOl OHHV H3 COCTABJHSIOIHHX COOỐII€HH4 W D€H€BOTO KTa, CB533HHYIO € D€3ÿJIETATOM (O?KHJIA€MBIM HJIH JJOCTHTHYVTBIM) BJIMAHHA Ha allpecaTa WJWIOKYTHBHOH CH/IbI COOỐIHI€HH4
(peyeBoro akTa)
PeyeBad WHTeHIIMA TOBOPALeroO CIDW)K€HA CÐ H33BAHH€M KaKOH-TO
CHTYAHIHH, MWM€IOIICÍ M€CTO B /€ÍCTBHT€JIEHOCTH HO €Ể CMBICJIOBOH
Trang 24(aKTV (7J2opb noMoedem lleme? — YNIWBJIeHHN€G; Meops nomoeaem Ileme! —
OIÒDpeHH€© H T.HI.) ÍTO H€MAJIOBAKHO, H COÕỐIHI€HH€, W BOIDOC MOTYT D€AJIH3OBATbC1 B VTB€D?K/JICHHSX, DA3JIHHHBIX COÕDA3HO HWH(ODMATHBHBIM H€JIIM TOBODSII€TO, COÕDA3HO JIOFWKO-CMBICJIOBOI (ÌYHKHHH (ÏÏ200b Ow@Hb
Ooopoll =u omsoieuueolll On nomozaem lleốme — cooomleHue,
xapakTepu3yroutee Mrops; Meopo nomoeaem Ileme, Heopbo nomoeaem lleme — cooOmleHve C W/ICHTH(HIIHDVIOIHIHM 3HAH4€HH€M: TOT, KTO IIOMOTA€T, HJIH KOMYV IOMOT8IOT — 2TO Flropb w lleT4; Yeope nomoeaem lleime — COOƠIIIEHWG, B KOTODOM VIOCTOB€päeTrcd (aKT HOMOIIM lÏeTre co cTropoHBL lirops)
VKa3aHHẫ# IDOIO3HHH# (K/?2 KOMW đOMOẴđem) IIOJIYdaA€GT B BBICKA3blIBAHHH D33HYIO KOHII€HTY8JIBHYIO IDO€KHHIO
[[€pHOJIWU€CKH IHOHATH€ D€H€BOI HHTCHIHH ĐHCHOJIb3VIOT /J15
AKILCHTHPOBaHHA B CMBICJIC #3BbIKOBOI €JIHHHIIBI H€KOTODOÍ HOHWTHHHOH
KAT€TODHH (YHHBCPCAJIEHOI JWI pa3HbIX A3bIKOB) — Oe30THOCHTeIbHO K KOHKpeTHOMy peyeBomy akTy B IOIOƠHOM CJIYda€ D€Hb H7ZIẾT O IOIỐODK€
HCTIO.Ib3YIOIIWXG#ä J1 ỊO3HaAH€HHM1 7AHHỌÍ IOHTHĂHỌÌÍ KaT€TODWMH CD€/JICTB
43HOFTO ypoBHs HO OCYVHI€CTBJIIGTCI HCHOJIb3OBAHHE OOIHIWX (ŒODMVIHDOBOK: KâK OHIHCATb ID€IM€T; KâK /IATb OI€HKY IIDGJIMCTY; KAK BbIDA3HTb M€CTO, BD€M4, IHI€/Ib, VCTYIKH, CIICKTYAđJIbHOCTb; KAK BBIDA3HTb COIIOCTABJICHHC; Kak HDOSBHTb BBID3K€HH€ KOJIHH€CTBCHHOTO HIH KAH€CTBCHHOITO W3M€HCHH1, IDHM€HCHHXW, HCIO/Ib3OBAHH1 q€TO-JIHỐO; Kak ÕO3HAHHTb CO/JI€lÏCTBHC H_ IIDOTHBOHCÌCTBHC, COCTAB BGIICCTBA HH IID€IM€TA; KAK BBID33HTb IIDOH€CC CO€GIHH€HH", D43b€/HH€HH1, 33M€HDI, KOMII€HCAIIMH H T.I
Trang 25BBICK33ATb MBICJIH, OCVII€CTBJIITb 3AHIDOC Õ HHODMAHHH, HOBJIHSTb Hả IIOB€I€HH€ a/Ipecara BJIHdHĐH€ Hà â/Ip€CATA OCYII€CTBJII€TCI C IOMOIIBEO TDaHCODMAIIHH CO/I€D?KAHH1 B 13bIKOBYIO ODMV
WHT€HIIHOHHHIÍ KOMIIOH€HT IIDHCYTCTBV€T B KA?K/IOÍ CHHTAaKCWdecKOfl
KOHCTDYKHHH, OH /I€T€DMHHHDYV€T TJIỸOKH€ 3HAq4€HH% CO/I€DXAT€JIbHỌ CTpyKTypbl IID€H/JIOXK€HHI, IHIOIHỂPKHBA€T HO3HHHI TOBODHIHITO, ero IOTD€ƠHOCTH, II€JI€BbIC YCTAHOBKH: IOỐY/IHTb 8/ID€CATa K OIID€/€JIỀHHOMY
7I€CTBHIO, OTB€TY Ha HIOCTABJICHHBIlÏ BOIDOC H TaK j1a/Iee B ®ODMVJIHDOBK€ HHT€HIHW MHOIjJIA “TIOJICKA3bIBA€TCI” CTDYKTYDHO-C€MAHTHu€CKHĂ THI
BbICKa3bIBaHHA (a), a HHOT/Ia HeT (6) CDpaBHHT€: (a) Kak cnpocumb, Kmo umo
yumaem; Kak y3Hamb, 20e eué MOHCHO Kynumb Hyotcuyio bello; Kak
cKa3amb, 4MO Gbl OIHHƠIHCb, V3HGHb, UMeemMcA JIU B HaNUYUU HyHCHAA 6euo;, Kak coodwumbo Oo ciabom GIỊ€HHH pyCCKUM A3bIKOM VM TOMY
IOTÒOHO€
TaKHM ÕDA3O0M, B43KHOCTb IIDAFMATHM€CKOTO IIO/IXO/JA H€OCIODHMaA, IOCKOJIbEKY TD€ỐY€T yHẾTa TOFO 3H3q4HWMOTO KOMIOH€HTA #13bIKOBBIX €/IHHHI, KOTOPBIM CBA3AH C€ TOBODHIIHM, IIBITAEOIHIHMCS OIITHMH3HDOBATb D€H€BO€ BJIHIHH€ Hã a1Pp€CaTa COOTB€TCTBCHHO, HHT€HIIH1 DACCMATDHBA€TCđ KâK KOTHHTHBHAA KOHCTDYKHH4, OIIDGH€JIIEOIIA"CH MOTHBOM H H€JIbEO, KâK 3471YMKâ TOBODXIITO, HM€IOII31 BOJIC€BYIO YCTAHOBKY
1.5.1 KoMMyHuUKamMU6HAA UNMeHUUA Npedsoszcenua
IIpeqoxKeHve ABIIACTCA BaXKHOH CTPyYKTYPHOH W KOMMYHHKATHBHOÍ
eCMHULeH, TO ÕYC/IOBJIHBA€T H€OƠXO/IHMOCTBb W3Vyq€HH4 (YHKHHOHAJIbHBIX t{€PT IP€J1JIO3K€HH1 CHHTAaKCHe€eCKOl T€ODN€Ă
Trang 26(43bIKOBA" KOMIICTCHIIMA), HO UW VMCHHC B€DHO BBIDA3HTb MBICJb (KOMMYHHKaTHBHad KOMIIeTGHIIH3) 3HAHHT, ID€/H/IO3KCHH€G BBICTYIIA€T TỌÍ A3bIKOBOH €IHHHII€Ì, KOTODA1 HHT€TDHDV€T (ÌODMBI BBI3IBJICHH41 MBIIIJI€HH4 t€/IOB€KA — #13bIK, D€1b, KOMMYHHWHKAIHIO
CHCT€MHHIÍ HO/IXOH CTDOHTCHI Hã H3/H3© IID€JH/JIOK€HHÍ B IJIAH€
CHCT€MBI #3blKa WH D€HH, BbISBJICHHH ÕPA3HOB, HO KOTODBIM ÕDA3YIOTGS KOHKP€THBIC CHHTAKCHu€CKH€G KOHCTDYKHHH, ĐM3ÿQ€HHH CTDYKTYPBL H C©MAHTHKH 2TWX KOHCTDYKHHH BO B3AHMO/I©CTBHH UW /IHHAMHK WẪcHo/IB3OBAHH€ CHCT€MHOIO HOIXOIA B OHHCAHHH IID€H/IO?K€HH4“ IID€TIYCMATDHBA€T VCTAHOB/JI€HH€ CTDYKTYDPHBIX CB53€Í, JI€2KAlIHX B OCHOB€ KOHKP€THHIX HP€JJIO€HHI (QIWCaHHW€ ID€/JIO?K€HH1 KOMMYHHKATHBHO- (ằYHKHIHOHA.JIbEHOlÍ ODH€HTHPOBAHHOCTH IIO3BOUISIGT OƠHADV?KHTb 3aKOHOM€DHOCTH COIOCTABJI€HHl M€%KJIV KOMMYHHKATHBHO- (ằYHKHHOHA.JIEHBIM THIIOM ID€/JIO3K€HH4 H 3a71aweli OỐII€HH1
KOMMYHHKATHBHO-IIDATMaTHu€CKHl ACIICKT IID€HIO?K€HH% HCCJI€IOBATGJIH CBA3bIBAIOT C YyCTaHOBKOH H_ H€/IblO BbICKa3bIBAaHHA, AKTY AJIbHbIM tJICH€HH€M, (ằÌYHKHHOHAJIEHỌlÍ II€DCI€KTHBOH, KOMMYHHKATHBHBIMH THIIAMH KOMMYHHKATHBHA"1 HHT€HIH1 IIOHHMA€TC1 kak KAT€TODHI, KOTODAX pelpe3seHTyeT HHT€HIHOHHBIC MOTPeOHOCTH TOBODXII€TO HH HOMOIIH CHHTAKCHUu€CKOI CHCT€MBI B /IAHHOM C/Iydae I€JICCOOODA3HO DA3/€/I1Tb IOHHMAHH€ CVIIHOCTH T€DMHHA “TID€HJIO3K€HH€”: € OIHOÍ CTODOHBI, BbICTYIIOII©TO B Kâq€CTB€ €/IHHHIIbI CHCT€MBI #13bIKA, a C 7PYVTOÍ CTODOHBI — KOMIOH€HTä aKTậ D€H€BOTO OỐII€HHä B I€DBOM CJTydae MOKHO IIDO/JOUIDKATb H /14JIbII€ HM€HOBATb KâT€TODHIO ID€/JJIO3K€HH€M, a BO BTOPOM — IICD€HM€HOBATb B BBICKA3bIBAHH€ M3 23TOTO BBbITeKaeT, UTO OIIHCAHW€ IID€JIJIO3K€HH4 BO3MO?KHO Õ€3 BBIXO/Ia 3a FDAHHIIbI CHCT€MBI #3bIKa,
Trang 27B3AHMOCBW3M, WM€EHOIIHMCI MXKJIV BbICKa3bIBAHHeEM HU /DYTHMH 2JI€M€HTAMW KTA OỐII€HH1 (HallpHMep, TOBODWIHIHM H_ 1D€CATOM) YuntTpipad TOT (ÙaKT, 4TO MyHAaMeHT BBICKA3blBAHHZ — IID€H/IO3K€HH€ (IDHUÈM H€ IDOCTO KaK (ÙH3Wq€CKađ" D€8/IbHOCTb, HO HW CO/I€D?KAT€JIbHHIf
KOMIIOHGHT), CHHTA©€M VM€CTHBIM COXDAHHTb T€DMHH “TID€/JIO3KCHH€”, H€
3a0bIBad O TOM, B KAKOM CMBICJIe H3y4aeTcs IID€/H/IO3K€HH€ B IIDaFMậTHWW€CKOM CMHTakcuce B aHHOM CJIYdA€ MO3KHO TOBODHTbE O K@AT€TODHH
“TID€7JIO3K€HWH€-BBICKA3bIBaHH€”, BB€EHHoOl O.W MocKa/IbcKOl
1.5.2 Tokymuenaa cua npednocenua
JÏOKYTHBHaA4 CHJIa ID€JJIO3K€HH4 TIpeycTaBlaeT coOoH mponu3sHeceHue
ipeqioKeHuaA €3 KAKOl-JIHƠO WelM, palw CaMOTO Wpow3HeceHua Ona
BbIDA?KA€TCä1 B €TO KOTFHHTHBHOM CO/I€D?KAHMM
lÏpe1JIOK€eHH€ — CD€HICTBO D€AJIH34HIHW pA3HBIX Pe4eBbIX aAKTOB,
COOTB€TCTB€HHO, €TO MO3KHO COOTH€CTH € OIID€I€JIỀHHOl KOMMYHHKATHBHOl
HHT€HIIH€H TOBOD4IHIeTO KpOM€ TOTO CMBICJI TOTO HJIH HHOTO IID€/JIJIO?K€HH1 IIPMO 33BHCHT OT KOHKD€THOÍ CHTYAHWH IIDHM€DY, HD€/JIO3KeHH€ ⁄/ npuoy YOBOPALIMH MO%#KeT IIDOH3HOCHTb KâK HDOCTYIO KOHCTATAHHEO IJIAHHDY€MOTO K BBIIIOJIH€HHIO B ÕY/JIYII€M /I€ÍCTBH1, KaK OƠ€HIAHHe€, KaK VITPO3Y HJIH ID€JIYHID€?KJI€HHG
JÏOKYTHBHA1 CHJIA HD€/JIO3KHHS CBO/HTCHI K ©TO KOTHHTHBHOMYV
COJI€DAaHHIO lÏDOH3HOCMIIIHH IID€JHJIOKHHS PDAIHH CâMOTO IIDOIe€CCa
IDOH3HOII€HWH1 DeƠểHOK, HCIOJIb3VIOIHIHÌ ID€JJIO3K€HH€ B VH€ỐHBIX IH€JI1X
VUHT€JIS — 2TO IIDHM€DBI AeHCTBHA JIOKYTHBHOI CHJIBI [ÏÍẰ@COMH€HHO, B
J€WCTBHT€JIbBHOCTH /OBOJIEHO CJIOKHO IID€ICTABHTb D€3JIH3A4IHEO IID€/IJIO3K€HH4 €3 HJIJIOKYTHBHỌÍ CH.THI
P€3y/IETATHBHHĂ 2TaI (I€PJIOKYTHBHHI akT), mo JDK Ocruny,
Trang 28IIOJIYH€CHHH O?KH/IA€MOTO (D€?K€ — H€O?KH/IA€MOTO) D€3Y.IbTATa JJOCTH2K€HHW€
OIID€JI€JIỂHHOIl D€AKHHH, IIO3MHTHBHỌI HMJIH HeraTHBHOH, HM€HV€TCE
II€D/IOKVTHBHBIM 2((Ù€KTOM He BO BC€X CJIYdAẫ#X I€PJIOKYTHBHHIIf 2(€KT
BOSHHKaeT Kak pe3yJIbTaT HAMepeHHOrO BO3/I€fCTBH4 BbICcKa3bIBaHNe + He
XOTCJI TeOa OỐHHI€Tb / HDHHHHHTb Tede OOJIb CBHJI€TGJIbCTBVT O
H€HAM€D€HHOM II€DJIOKYTHBHOM 2€KTC€ 1.5.3 H2LIOKVHHGH(I CHJIAI HD€Ị/1021CCHHA
WJ1OKVTHBHA% CHIA HDGJIJIOK€HHS — (DYHKHHH D€HCBOTO KTA, 3aKJIOHAIOHIA'C1 B VCTAHOBJICHHH HAM€D€CHH1 ero OCVII€CTB/ICHH1d OTHOCHT€/IbHO a/ID€CaTa
IIponoJøxaTe/Ib nnel /ljK OcTnHa j|jK CẽPpJI pDaCCMaTDHBA€T T€ODHIO
D€U€BBIX AKTOB KaK T€ODHIO 3Hau€HHä CcÒO€ BHWMaHH€ CỀp.I YJI€2JI1€T
“HJUJIOKYTHBHOMYV KTYV” Ỉ/JIOKVTHBHH KT HD€HCTAET KaAK /I€ÍCTBHN€, BBIHOJIHSIOIHI€€Cð COIJIACHO OIDGJIGIEHHBIM HDABHJIAM (KOHBGHIIHSM)
WÏ11IOKYVTHBHBI€ KTBI OCVII€CTB.JISIOTCðE B COOTB€TCTBHH € HAaÕODOM HDABHMII, H€ IDOCTO D€TYJIHDVHOIHWX, CO3IAHROIHHX HOBbIC MOPMbI HOBGI€HH1
OT/IHUuWH€ JIOKVTHBHOTO akTa OT HJUJIOKYTHBHOTO 34K/IOHA€TC1 CBO€l
I€JI€HAIDABJICHHOCTH AW B TOM, YTO IHOCJIGHHHÍĂ HDGJICTABJId€T coool IIDOH3H€C€HH€ H€KOTODBIX 3BYKOB HJIH 34IIWCb D5/1a 3HaqKOB Ha Oymare B
CBOIO OH€P€/Ib OT II€D/IOKYTHBHOTO KTA HJUJIOKVTHBHBIf OTJIHdA€TCW CBOeH
KOHB€HIHOHHOCTHIO ÏJIABHO€ IID€HIHA3Haq€HH€ #3bIKa CẾPpJI BH7IHT H€ B W300paxKeHHH D€AJIbHBIX OỐb€KTOB, a B /€ẴlfCTBHdX MhiCIb aBropa C{ODMV/IHDOBAHA HẾTKO: € IOMOIHIbBIO €JHHHIbI ÕIHI€HHS OCYII€CTBJII€TCä
OT/I€/IbHO€ /I€CTBH€ — H/I/IOKYTHBHHII aKT ÏM€HHO 2Ta MBICJIb Cépsia asia
TOJYOK JIA H4JIH3A BBICKA3bIBAHHÍ H€ B DAaMKAX HCTHHBI / J2KH, a B
Trang 29Teopua pedeBblx aKTOB j/»K CDpJIa pDaCCMATDHBA€T CTDYKTYDY
D€qd€BOTO akTa KaK COCTOHIIHIYIO H3 HIDOHO3HHHOHHOTO COJI€DXAHH1 H HJIIOKYTHBHOIL CH¡IBI ÏÏDHUÊM HJUIOKYTHBHO€C 3HAq4€HH€ MOX€T ƠBITb KaK IICDBHHHBIM (2KCIILJIHIWTHBIM), TAK H BTODHHHBIM (HMIIIHIWTHBIM) 3Haq€HHe BBICKA3bIBAHH4 /IOJDKHO BITb IOHSTHO /ID€CATY, IO2TOMY BO3HHKAIOIIậ poOsieMa BO MHOrOM CBOJIMTCA K BOIDOCY O TOM, KaKHM OỐPA3OM CTaHOBUTCA BO3MO?KHbIM IIOHHMAHH€ aJID€CATOM KOCB€HHOTO D€H€BOTO aKTa, TOIA KâK TO, HTO IOHWTHO, H TO, HTO YVCJIBIHIAHO, O3HadaeT Õ0/IbIIe KpOMe TOFO, /IAHHAã1 MpoOsIeMa OCIOXKHAeTCA, TO MHeHHIO JDK Cépsia, TeM, 4TO H€KOTODBI€ BbICKa3bIBAHHA CTAHOBATCA KOHBCHI[MOH@JIbHBIM CIIOCOOOM BbIP@KEHHA KOCBCHHBIX pocbO Hatpumep, BbIpaxeHHe Bol ne mozlu bi nepeodamb MHe COJIb? TOBOJIbHO PeJKO BbICTyIaeT B OYKBaJIbHOM CMBICJe B KOCBCHHBIX PeYeBbIX AKTAaX TOBODMIHHĂÍ TepeyắT CJIYIHIAaT€JIIO ÕO/IbII€ CO/I€D?KaHH4, H€3K€JIH OH COOỐIHIA€T
1.5.4, Tepnokymuenoilt aqbekm 6bicKa3bleanua
[leDIOKVTHBHHĂ 240Q€KTBBbICKA3bilBAHHS — 20Q€KT, KOTOPBI JOCTHTA€TC# Tora, Korda IID€JHJIOXK€HH€C /HOCTHIJIO CBO€CÏĂ HGJIH
l[lep/IOKYVTHBHHIf 2(ÙQŒ€KT /ICMOHCTDHDV€T Tả HJIH HHẫ1 T€ÍCTB€HHA1 HJIH
2MOIHHOH4/IbBHAa1 P€aKHH1 aipecara /IaHHOÍ CHTVAHWHW K/IOH€BBIM
ŒaKTOPOM Y/IAHHỌ KOMMYHHKAHHH BBICTYHA€T KOMMYHHKATHBHAdä KOMII€TCHIIMA VWACTHHKOB OƠII€HHAI ECJIH H€P/IOKYTHBHHHE 2((€KT He JIOCTHTHYT TOBODSIHHM, DACKDBITb IDHHHHV HGV/IAHH HIOMOF8IOT 3HaHHA O /IWCKYVDC€, H€Y/IAdA MOX€T ƠBITb CBA3aHa C VCTAHOBJICHH€M D€CAHTOM (ŒOKyCa Ha H€B€DHOM OỐb€KT€, HFHODHDOBAHH€M WM KOHT€KCTA H TâK J1AJI€€
Trang 30BH KOHH€HHHH Jbx OcTHHa H€/IOCTHOCTb €H€BOIO KTa
OƠ€CIICUWHBA€TCW TD€MØ OIDAHHSIMH: JIOKYHH€Ì — “TOBODEHHCM” BO
B33HWMOCB13H C€ (ÙOH€THH€CKHM, (ÙaTHH€CKHM, D€THH€CKHM KOMIIOH€HTAMH; HJIJIOKVHH€M, TO ©CTb HAM€D€HH€M, IHI€JIblO, HDOHYMAđHHBIM PDACH€TOM; II€D/IOKYHW€H, TO €CTb IOC/I€ICTBHSIMH /IOCTH3K€CHHI D€3YVJIbTATA D€H€BOTO KT, HCXO/I W3 BJIHIHHS TOBODSIIETO Hả CO3HAHH€ HW IIOB€JII€HH€ a/ID€CATa
Takoe TDOWHO€C /H€lCTBH€ CBH/I€T€/JIbCTBVT O TOM, HTO HOHHMAHHG
IID€/IJIO3K€HH4 BBIXO/IHT /18JI€KO 3a IID€/I€JIbI ƠYKB8JIbBHOTO 3HAH€HHM1
PeaJIH3aIWeli JIOKVTHBHOTO KT ABJIACTCA KT “TOBOD€HH1” [ÍbH 3TOM
OCYII€CTBJICHH€ CâaMOTO JIOKVTHBHOTO akTa BbICTyMaeT KâK OCYVII€CTBJICHH€ HJIJIOKYTHBHOTO aKTa, TO CCTh HaMepeHHe TOBOD4IITO BO BNeMA BbIPAKeHHA OIID€JI€JIỂHHOIO MpOMOSHIMOHHOTO CO/I€DXAHHI Jia onpeyeneHua HJIJIOKYVTHBHOTO aKTa H€OỐXO/JHMO IDOAHđ/IH3HDOBATb, KAK JIOKYIIMA HDH 2TOM HCIIOJIbB3V€TCä 'ƯTO IIOJIDA3VM€BA€T OIID€JI€JICHH€ KOMMYHHKATHBHOTO HAM€P€HH1 TOBODWII€TO K3KIO€ BBICK33bIBAHH€ B DAMKAX JIOKYTHBHOTO KT HaIIOJIHI€TCð OID€/I€JIỂHHBIM JIOKYTHBHBIM 3HAq€HH€M COCTAB/I3EOII€l HJUJIOKVTHBHOHÍ CHJIbI #IBJIITCH HJLJIOKYTHBHÀ1H H€JIb, KOTODAX IIDGHCTAET OCHOBHBIM IIADAM€TDPOM OIID€/IGJICHH1 THIa p€H€BOIO aKTa ÈÏ;IIOKYTHBHA1
I€JIb DACCMATDHBA€TCä KâK OIID€JI€JIỂHHBIÍ M€HTA/IbHBIl KT, OCVII©CTBJI€HH€
KOTODOTO ?K€JIA@T OT CJIYHIAT€/II TOBODSIHHĂ, H/IH M€HTAđJIbHO€ COCTOZIHH€, B KOTODO€ TOBODSIIHÌ HM€€T HaM€D€HH€ BB€CTH C.IYIIaT€/I1 B ÕOJIBHIHHCTB€ C/IYWA€B HJLUJIOKYTHBHAđ II€/Ib DACKDBIBA€TC4 ỐJIarOAp1 KOHT€KCTV H / HJH CHTYAIIMH C J1€JIY€T BBI/I€JIHTb CJI€YIOIIWH€ TDYHIIBI H/IJIOKVTHBHBIX HỊ€/I€H: - IHODMHDOBAHHW€, YB€D€HH€ HIH IID€/IYIID€?KI€HHe;
Trang 31]Pp€IHÍ ypoBeHb OIPJIGIIICT IHI€JI€HAIPABJICHHOC BJIMAHHe
HJLIOKYTHBHOTO KTA Ha KOHKpeTHOrO 1ЀCATAa HJIH Yy/HTODHIO lIepJIOKYTHBHHIÍ AKT Kak âCH€KT D€H€BOTO akTa CBA3aH C€ O?KH/AHHSMH OIID€/I€/IỀHHỌÌÍ De€aKHWH Ha II€D€7aHHY!O HH(ODMAIIM
[IponeMOHCTDHDY€M OCYII€CTBJICHH€ D€H€BBIX ÄKTOB Hả HIDHM€P€ H3
KHHÓH.IbBMa “]Š5-JIeTH13 ÕepeMeHHaz”, 1998, CIHA:
Jlokymua: “C Po›»knecTBoM Bac, Mnccnwc CIIeHTJIep, 4 P»l Byn KaK
IIO»KHBaeTe 2”
W[1IoKYyHIW1: €/IaHW€ VCTAHOBHTb KOHTAKT
Ilepokynnw: CJOBa P2 BBI3BAJH DA3/pA3K€HH€ MHCCHC CTI€HII€P,
TO HO/ITB€P?KJHIA€TCä €Ể JIOKYHHWe€I B (ODM€ BOIDOCA, IIDOH3H€CEHHOTO €
WHHTOHAIIW€H Da3/pa?K€HHH
[Ie€p/IOKVTHBHHĂ 2({Q€KT MO3KCT BbI3BIBATb Y 3/D€CATA /DVTVIO D€aKHHIO, OTJIHHHYIO OT HJIIOKYHHH â7ID€CAHTả, HTO CB533HO C pa3JIM4HbIMU (aKTODaMH ƠH HTDpA€T BA?KHYVIO DO.Ib BO BTODHHHOM âKT€ KOMMYHHKAIMH, MOCKOJIBKY ABJIA€CTCA D€3VJIbTATOM BBICKA3bIBAHH1
1.5.5 Peueéole akmol c HO3HHHH 2060D21HG20 H 20 dịDecdmd
Trang 32J€fCTBHT€JIBHOCTH (QCVII€CTBJI€HH€ €H€BOTO aKTa IID€IYCMATDHBA€T IIDOH3H€CC€HHW€ 4JI€HODA3/I€/IbHBIX 3BYKOB OIID€TI€JIỂHHOTO #3BIKA, IOCTpO€HHe BbICK33bBIBAHH4 B COOTB€TCTBHH € FpAMM8TH€CKHMH IIDABH.JIAMH, HA7I€JI€HH€
BbICKa3bIBAaHHA CMBICJIOM H pedepeHIinel (ioKyHneli),
ICJICVCTD€M.IỂHHOCTBIO (H.UIOKVHHGÌ), BBI3OB 3X€/IAHHBIX HOC/IICTBHH
(Iep.IOKYHH3)
1.6 IlbarMaTHKA B HHT€DHD€TAHHH BOHDOCHT€.JIbHbBIX HD€JJ102K€HHlH JÏHHTBHCTHu€CKHC HCCJIGHIOBAHH% HĐIHGIIHCFO II€DHOIA OCÒO€ BHHMAHH€G Y/I€GJIWIOT #3BIKOBBIM CP€HCTBAM, KOTODBIC B CBOKO OH€P€JHb HeOOXOJMMBI JIA BbIPaKeHHA pa3JIM4MHbIX KOMMYHHKaTHBHBIX HHT€HIMf rOBOpAero, UTO OOYCJIOBJICHO POJIbIO, KOTOPy!O UrpaeT A3bIK Beaqb OH He IIDOCTO BBIDA?KA€T MBICJIH HW YYBCTBa Hapoda, HO UM BBICTyIIaeT KOJIOCCaJIbBHbIM ODY/IH€M BO3/IClCTBHä C JI€TIOBAT€JIbHO, B@?KHbIM IID€/JCTAB/II€TCSE H3VH€HH€ He TOJIbKO CTPyKTypbl TpaMMaTHYecKOH HW JI€KCHI€CKOIH €JIWHHIHBI H €Ể 3SHAaYCHHA B ASbIKOBOH CHCTeMe, HO WH y4éT HW COMMOJIMHTBACTHYeCKOrO H mparMaTHuecKoroO KOHTeCKCTOB, TaK KaK WMMCHHO OHH /ICT€DMHHHDVIOT (yHKHHOHHDOBAHH€ A3bIKOBOH CHCTeMbI B KOMMYHHKAHHH NHHM H3 OCHOBHBIX IOHTHÌÍ B IIDaFMậTHK€ BBICTYIIA€T BBIÕOD #3bIKOBBIX €/IHHHI
BOHPOCHT€JIEHBI€ ID€/IJIOK€HH1 B PYCCKOM H BB€THAMCKOM #3bIKAX ABJIAKOTCA OFPOMHOK pylon IID€JJIOKCHH, KOTODA1 pA3HODOHHA IO (ŒODMA.IbEHOÌ YCTDO€HHOCTH, C€MAHTHK€ W KOMMYHHKATHBHBIM (ÙYHKHH4SM COT/IACHO IIDATMđJINHHTBHCTHH€CKOMY YH€HHIO, € IOMOIIbEO BOIDOCHT€/IbHBIX IID€/IJIOK€HHÌÍĂ MOTYT ÕBITb IDO/I€MOHCTDHPOB4đHBI D3A3/INHHBI€ KOCB€HHBI€ peyeBble akTbI OcoOeCHHOCTb HCCJIGIY€MBIX KOHCTDYKHHÌ COCTOHT B H€COBIIAJI€HHH IIJIAHA BbIDA?K€HH1 H IIJIaHa CO/€D?KaHH1 2TO ÕbCHã€TCS# T€M, HTO H€BO3MO?KHO TOUHOE COOTB€TCTBH€ M€%JIY (0ODMỌÍÍ H CO/I€D?KAHH€M D€q€BOTO aKT4: IDH HOMOIIH OHIHOÍ HU TOÌ 3€ JINHHFBHCTHd€CKOl (ÙÌODMBI
Trang 33BpeMs, HTOỐbI OOO3HAYHTb TY WIM HHYIO HHT€HIHIO, MOTVT ỐBITb HCTIIOJIb3OBAHbI DA3HOOƠDA3HBI€ /INHFBHCTHH€CKH€ CD€JICTBA
KOMMYHUKaTHBHO-IIparMaTHyeckoe H3ÿHq€HH€G #3blKa Õa3HDYV€TCS Hà CHCT€MHO-CTDVKTYPHOM ID€GICTABI€HHH O ©TO ˆ MHOTOYDOBH€BỌ ODTAHH3AIWH, O/IHAKO IID€HOCTABJII€T HOBBIC BO3MO3KHOCTH B H€D€/Aq€ KOMMYHHKATHBHO 3HAHHMBIX CMBIC/JIOB BO BD€MS OƠII€HH4 IIaDTHỆDOB
W3yqeHW€ IIDaFMATHKHW IID€/JIO€HHĂÍ MHM€€T 3HA4€HHC B CHJIYV H€OƠXO/IHMOCTH WX IIDABHJISHOTO IDHM€H€HH1 B D€H€BBIX aKTaAX
JÏHHTBHCTBI OTM€HAIOT, MTO 3@AHACTVIO BOIDOC HOHAETCI B BHI€ BOIIDOCHT€JIBHOTO IH€/JJIOXK€HHI, O/IHAKO H€ BCWKO€ BOIDOCHT€/IbHO€ IID€//IO?K€HW€ — BOIIDOC 3aHHT€D€COBAHHOCTb B IOCJI€JHH€ TO/IbI BBI3bIBAIOT IDaTrMaTHuecKHe (ÙyHKHHW BOIDOCHTG/IbEHBIX ID€JHJIO3K€GHHI", OCÕƠ€HHOCTb KOTODBIX COCTOHT B H€COBIIA/ICHHH IIJIAHa BbIDA?K€HH4 W H/IAHa CO/€D?KAHH1 J[eT€DMHHWPOBAHO IO/JIOƠHO€ #BJI€HH€ T€M, WTO (ODMA HW CO/I€P?KAHH€ peyeBoro akTa He HMGIOT O/IHO3HAHHOTO COOTHOHI€HH4: /JI1 BBID3?K€HHS pa3JIM4HbIX KOMMYHHKATHBHBIX HHT€HHHÌ MO3K€T HCHOJIb3OBATbC1 OHHA JIHHTBHCTWHu€CKa#1 (ÌODMA HJIH H€CKO/IbKO JIHHTBHCTHu€CKHX (ÙODM MOTYT BbIP@KATh OJHY HHT€HIMIO VÏ3/IO3K€HHO€ BBIII€ CBH/ICT€/IbCTBY€T O HAJIHHHH B 3bIK€ OTDOMHOTO KO/IHH€CTBA KOHCTDYKHHÍ /JI1 BBIDA2K€HH1 BTODHHHOTO 3HAH€HHM4, BBISBJIIIOIICTOCI B XOIE OỐIIeHHH ÏM€HVIOTCS aKTHI, Øa3WDY!OHIH€C1 Ha IIOIOỐHBIX KOHCTDYKHHX, KOCB€HHBIMH C đX TIOMOIIBIO J€MOHCTPHDVIOTCW pa3zJIM4Hble MO/I3JIbHO-2KCID€CCHBHBI 3HAq€HH1 — B©3JIHBOTO IIOỐY3KI€HH1: ỦO3MO2ICHO JU 6AM U3MeHUMb C6ĨOIO 2ICH3Hb? 2MOIIHOH4JIBHO OKPAIHI€HHOI KOHCTaTaHHH (baKT4: 1, 7#1@K đồi He yexalu?; DHTODHW€CKOTO YTB€D%/I€HH1 HJIH OTpDHIAHHA: Đoi 33eme BuKmopa2 — Kmo 2e He 3Haem BuKmopdq? pOM€ TOTO, KOCB€HHBbI€ D€H€BBI€ AKTbI WACTO COJICD3AT CHHTAKCHH€CKH€ OTOOpaKeHHA, He TOJIbKO UX (DODMAJbHOTO
Trang 34l.6.I IIDd2MAđTTIHU€CKH€ (ÙÿHKHHH 6OHDOCHHIG/IbHbLX HD€Ị/102ICCHUMUH
Cuctemy BOIDOCHT€/IbHBIX IID€JUIOKeHHflÍ COCTABJIAIOT (PYHKILMOHAIbHO-CEMAaHTHYeCKHE THIBbI, COCMHACMbIC Ha Oa3e TePBHYHBIX U BTODHuHBIX (YyHKHHĂ ID€/JIOK€HHÍI TaKOTO poHa B I€pBHMHBIX (ÙYHKHWSX BOIDOC ODH€HTHDOBAH Ha HO/IYH€CHH€ KOHKDCTHỌ HHÙODMAHHH, BO BTODHHHBIX — HA BBIDA3K€HH€G 2MOIIHÍ, OIICHOK, B€?KJIHBOTO IOỐY?KI€HH1, 2KCID€CCHBHOTO YTB€D?KJI€HH1 HJIH BO3DA?K€HH1, IIOJJI€DKAHH€ KOHTAKTA H TâaK /14JI€€
OJIHO H TO 3€ BOIDOCHT€/IbEHO€ IID€JJIO3K€HH€ 3aK.IIOdaA€T B C©ÕC B€Cb KOMIIJI€KC COOTB€TCTBYIOIIWX XâapDaKT€DHCTHK
B cCBOHX BTODHuHBX (DYHKHHSX BOIDOCHTGJIbHBI€ IHD/HJIO3K€GHH4 HAIIDAB.I€HBbI H€ Ha IO/IYH€HWH€ OTB€TA, a Ha Iepe/aqy #H(ÙODMaAIIMH, — BC€T/Ia
3KCIID€CCHBHO OKPDaII€HHOI PaCCMOTDHM 2TH CJIY4AH:
1) Bonpoc, B KOTODOM 3aK7IOH€HO YB€D€HHO€ 2KCID€CCHBHO OKDAII€HHO€ VTIB€PXKJI€HWC ÏlÏDH 2TOM MOX€T KHI€HTHDOBATbC1 K@AT€TODHHHOCTb VTB€D3KJIHH1, H€IIDCM€HHOCTb HAJIHHH1 HGTO-H.,, BO3MOXHOCTb HJIH I€JI€COOODA3HOCTb, ÒbIHHOCTb, 33KOHOM€DHOCTb q€TO-JIHƠO:
Ha Kozo He Oeucmeyem noeu3na? (A.I1 dexoB)
2) Bonpoc, B KOTODOM 3aK/IOH€HO YB€D€HHO€ 2KCID€CCHBHO OKDAII€HHO€ OTPHIIAHW€ (TAK HA3bIBA€MBI€C DHTODHd€CKWH€ BOIPDOCBI) lÏbpH 2TOM MO?K€T aKI€HTHDOBATbCđ KaT€TODHHHOCTb OTDHIIAHH1, H€BO3MO?KHOCTb, H€HY3KHOCTb
WIM H€IICJICCOOỐPA3HOCTb, TAâKXK€ BC€OỐIHIHOCTb H_ Õ€3VCJIOBHOCTb
OTDPHIIA€MOÍ CHTVALIWH:
Kmo 6 cusiax yoepxcamb 11106066? (A.C Iyurkun)
3) Bonpoc-yscHeHWe, NOBTOPAOINMH CJIOB€CHHIlÍ COCTAB IP€JII€CTBVIOII€l pD€ILIHKH HW OỐBIHHO OCJIO3KH€HHHIÍ 2MOIHOHA/IbHOl
Trang 35a) IID€JII€CTBYIOIIA4 D€IILJIHKaA BOIDOCHT€.IbHA1: no nDou3ouu1o? Huuezo lIiycmsKu (A.TE exoB.)
6) IIp€7III€CTBY!OIIA D€IIIKa H€BOIIDOCHT€/IbHAã:
- Jla, umo 2tce Ịe1amp2
- Bexcamb
- Beacamb? Kak? (JI.H Toierođi) 4) BoIIpoc-IOỐY37I€HHe€ K qeMV-/IHƠO:
a) BOIDOC, IÕY2X7AIOIHIHÌ K COB€DIICHHIO eHCTBHA:
A e6npouem, ¥mo oxCe Mol cmoum? Tloudem 6nepeo (U.C Typrenes)
6) BOIDOC, IOỐY?XJIAIOHIHÌÍ K ID€KDAII€HHIO /I€ĂCTBH1ä:
la 6pocume su Gb1 6 KOHI€ KOH106 Gauy uy3biky? (K.A DenHH)
5) Bonpoc, BBIDA3KAIOIIHÍ 2MOIHOHAJbHVIO D€AKHHIO TOBODSHIGTO:
2MOIIHOHđ/JIBHYIO KOHCTATAHHMIO (aKTa, OI€HKY, OTHOIIe€HHe€, a(Ù(€KTHBHOe COCTOAHHe:
Kak OH CMe 6acC 6 MaKOU HOMep nomecmumb? (G.M /JocTroeBcKWli)
6) Bonpoc, HM€IOIHHH II€7IbEO aKTHBH3HWDOBATb BHHMAHHG,
3aHHT€D€COBATb, OỐDâTHTb BHHMAHH€ Ha (0ODMY BBIDA?K€HH4 MBICJIH:
Hsumo 3 Obl 6bl OyMaU? Dmou, MOICHO CKa3amMb, OUCMaMejbHOU Gpaze
npusames Mou o6s3aH 6o11 Mecmom! (M.E Castpikos-Lleapun)
1.6.2 Ocnoé6nboie cpedcméa OA é6bIpadtceHuA KOCGGHHbLX 3HĐUCHHH 6
pyccKom eonpoce
Wc1o/Ib3OBAHH€ BOIDOCHTGJIbEHBIX KOHCTDVKHHÌĂ /J1 BBIDA3KCHHS
KOCB€HHBIX D€H€BbIX AKTOB — H3BeCTHbIM JIIHTBHCTHu€CKHI (Ù€HOMCH B
KOCB€HHBIX D€H€BBIX aKTAX TOBODHIHI IIep€/aŠT ÕO./IbII€, H€M Te, YTO OHH H€IOCP€/ICTBCHHO O3HAH2IOT IIpH 2TOM CaMa (YHKHWS KOCBCHHOTO akTa TDA/IHHWOHHO IIOCTOZHHA W H€ TD€ỐYV€T JIOTHH€CKHX BbIBO/IOB
Trang 36HHT€HIIHÌ MO3K€T IIDOHCXOJHTb Yepe3 OJHY BOIDOCHT€JIbEHYIO KOHCTDYKHMO Jia HaTJIINHOCTH IDOI€MOHCTDHDY€M IIDHMP, B KOTODOM O/IHH BOHIDOC IIDOH3BO/IHTb /IBaA DeweBbIx aKTa MapwHa w O;IbTa IOFOBODHJIHCb O BCTp€MG Mapuua IIDHIIJIA BOBDeMA, a ƠJIbra OIO3/1a/a MapwHa cIIpaIIWBaeT OJIBTY: «Komopoiu vac?» B WaHHOM CJly4ae BbIMOJIHAIOTCA Ba PCYeBBIX aKTa: BO- IIeDBBIx, MapwHa 3anaẽT BoIpoc )JIbT€, BO-BTODBIX, IBITA€TC#I IDHB€CTH €Ẻ B 3M€IIIAT€JIbCTBO, IOTOMYV WTO )jJIbTA B CBOIO ON€D€/Ib MO3K€T DACCMOTP€Tb 71AHHHIÏ BOIIDOC B Kaq€CTB€ OCY?K/I€HH1 33 OIIO3/IAHH€ COOTB€TCTB€HHO, HO J;K OCTHHY, BOIIDOC — KT HJLIOKYTHBHHIÍ, BB€/I€HH€ B 3aM€IIAT€JIbCTBO —
aKT II€P.IOKYTHBHHI Bonpoc MapnHBL Komopoi uac? B_ OƠỐO3HaqeHHOl
CHTYyAIIWH BbIDA?Ka€T YHDEK: ?bi ono3ưa1ai
BƯ pPDVCCKOM 3BbIK€ BBIDA3KCHH€ P33JIHUHOTO PDOHA HHT€HIH
IDOHCXOHHT H€ TOJIbKO C IOMOIHIbBIO CC€DTHBHBIX W_ HOỐY/HTG/IbHBIX KOHCTDYKHHH (/J407, HOKQ2ICHIG, DACCKQ2'CHI©, 6O3bMHIM€, HO2ICq1yỦcma
wu A Bac npuenauar, A eac npouy, A Bam coeemyi, A Bam npeosaeaio),
HO HW C IIOMOIHIbBIO BOMPOCHTeJIbHBIX KOHCTDYKHHH BOIIDOCHT€JIbHBI€ KOHCTDYKHHH MOTYT HM€Tb /JIHD€KTHBHO€ 3HAH€HHZ“, K IDHM€DYV: Y Bac
ecmb/nem ?, He mozy 2u a nonpocumb Bac ?, MÍO2€HO nOHDOCMmb Bqc?
Bịi He moxceme ?, Bot He moenu 6o1 ?, Bac ve 3ampyonum ?, Moocem
Øutmp, Bot ? Heso3a nu npuenacums Bac ?, A ve ayuue su ?, Tlouemy 601
Ba He ?, KqK Hacuẽm 2 VỈCIO/Ib3OBAHWe€ BOIIDOCHT€JIbBHBIX KOHCTDYKHHH /JI1 BbIDA2K€HH1 /IHP€KTHBHOTO 3HaYeHHA IIDOHCXO/JIHT B CHJIY IIDH/AHH1 ØoO/Iee B©?KJIWBOlÍ (ODMHI
[pH IOMOIIH BOIDOCHTG/IbHbBIX KOHCTDYKHHĂ MO%X€T ƠBITb BbIDA3K€HO 3HAH€CHH€ HD€/IHO0J10K€HHH: Bol K HaM 6 2ocmu 3audéme, He mak sUu?,
e6epHo?, He npaeoa su? Boel, Kax#cemca, udéme 6 pecmopaH? Bol, OONICHO
Trang 373MOIHHOHA/IEHBI€ 0TT€HKH IIDHZIAETCW BBbICKA3bIBAHH% ỐJ1arOHIaps BOIIDOCHTGJIbBHBIM KOHCTDYKHHIM HAaCTHHPbIL 70, Ju, Hy H€DGHAIOT B03MVIHICHH€ H VJIHB)JICHH€ B DYCCKHX BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBIX IID€//IO?K€HH3X: 4
moi um02, /Ja mo Boi?, Cu 112, /Ja Hy?
I[ĨÏpHB€TCTBH€ TakwKe MOXCT BITb IICDGHIAHO € HOMOIIbBEO
BOIIDOCHT€/IbHBIX KOHCTDYKHHH: KaK Ịe142, KqK HO2ICMWGdG1qib2, KQK 2ICM3Hb 2, Ay kak mo1?, Amo u06020?
B paMKax T€ODHH D€H€BBIX KTOB HCC/I€JTYIOTCð KâK IIPAMble, Tak U KOCB€CHHBE (ODMHI ÏlÏpậMỌ peyepow akT D€A/IH3Y€TCI CD€JICTBAMH, A3bIKOBaA CEMAHTHKAa KOTOPBIX COOTB€TCTBY€T HJUIOKYTHBHOÍ CHJI€ DGH€BOTO aKTA: J420ỊđDIO 6qc 3a nposeleHHyio o6pomy._ B_ IpHBGHEHHOM BBICKA3bIBaHHH (ÌODMaA HU 3HAYCHHE COOTBETCTBYIOT OJIHaKO CMBICJIOBaA IIDOCTOTA H O/IHO3HAHHOCTb IIDHCYVIIH H€ BC€M BbICKa3bIBAaHHAM B HaMéKax, HDOHMH, MeTadope ÕYKBAJISHOC 3HAH€HH€ IID€JILJIO?K€HHZ W CMBICJI, KOTODHIlÍ HM€€T B BUY TOBODSHIHH B KOHKD€THOÍ CHTYAIIWH, H€ COBIIAaFOT B TaKHX CJIYdAãX HCIIOJIb3YIOTCW KOCB€HHBI€ D€HW€BbI€ aKTbI KOCB€HHBII D€d€BOI AKT peamm3yeTca D€HCBBIMH (ÌODMAMH, HJLUIOKYTHBHAZ CHa KOTODOTO He ABJIACTCA COCTABJIIIOIHCI ©TO C€MAHTHKH, 3 BBIBOIHTCH JIOFTHKO- HHJIeQ€p€HTHBIM IIYTỂM € VHÊTOM CHTVAHHH HIDOW3H€C€eHHMs HeKOTODBI€ peyeBble KTbl H€ MOITYT BITb IHDIMO BbIpaxkeHbl K” HDHMDY, B BOIIDOCHT€JIbHOM ID€/IJIO3K€HHH ⁄{ noYeMy mobi ChpauUu6aemb? 1VBCTBYV€TCS 2K€/IAHH€ YTOHWHHTb CMBICJI IDO3BVWaBIICTO BOIpoca ÏlÏpeHJIO&K€eHHe Hy u
710? OTOỐDA?XaeT Ố€Ẵ3Da3/INWW€ a/ID€CATa
KOCBCHHBIM D€H€BBIM @KTOM BBICKA3BbIBAHH€ HA/€/I1€TC1 ỐOJIbIHI€l CT€IICHbI B€©3KJIHBOCTH, 4TO CB5I34HO B H€DBYIO OH€D€JIb C€ 3X€JIAHH€M A7P€CAHTA 324IIOJIYHHTb HOHHMAHH€G CO CTODOHbL C/IYHIAIOI€TO ITO
Trang 38KOMII€T€HIIH3X, HM€IOIIHXCI ÿ aD€CaTa ÏaKHM OƠP43OM, D5 KOCB€HHBIX D€H€BBIX KTOB ID€BDAIIA€TC1 B KOHBCHI[MOHAJIbHbIe H3-3a yNOTpeOJIeHHA
BOIDOCOB BM€CTO HIOỐY3KI€HHI: Pịi H€ mooceme cudemvo?; Bam He mpyOHO
nepececmb Ha Opyeou cmy? )Ï 11 HDHBJI€4€HHH BHHMAHHW HCIIOJIb3y€TCS IIDOCbÕa Da3D€IIHTE 3A/IATb BOIIDOC, IOBecTrH Oecey: Moxcuo (Bac)
PeqeBOlÍ aKT Ẳ© H/UIOKYTHBHOI (ÙYyHKHH€Ì COB€TA, OỐCV?KI€HHW
ID€/JI02K€HH1 HO/AETCđ 324ACTYIO KAaK H€HACTOÌHHBO€ IIDHT/IaHI€HHe ƠH IÕ€?K/IA€T aD€CATa BBIIOJIHHTb OID€/I€JIỀHHO€ /I€lfCTBH€, KOTODO€ W3M€HHT
OƠCTOST€JIbCTBA 3KH3HH CJIYIIAT€JI4 K JIYHII€MY [ 'OBOD4ITHÌÍE B Marko ODMe€
HAT4JIKHBA€T CJIYHIATGII Ha OHID€HGJIỂHHYRO MBICJIb, HDHOCTAB/I81
HHODMAIHMIO 7IJI11 Da3MBIIHI/ICHHI: He npuzomoeume su Ham? ; He coenamb
Ju Ham? bosee Toro, BOMPOCHTeIbHBIe OTHOCOCTABHbIe MIpeJIOKeHHA C [JIAaTOJIOM Ï-TO JIHHA MHO3K€CTB€HHOTO HHCJIA ỐY/IYIHI€TO BD€M€HH MOTYT
IDHMCHãTbC1 B HOỐYV3KIalOIEl (DYHKHHH: lÏD⁄2Omo6“M?; CịendeM?,
Tloxaotcem? IlonoØnhbIe (bpa3bI OTJIWdaloTcø1 (aMHJIbSDHBIM, H€O(HIIHAJIbHBIM
KOJIODHTOM ECJIH D€Hb HJIẾT O DA3TOBOD€ IO T€/I€OHY, TO 3a H€DpBOIl
D€HIHKOĂ MO3K€T HOC/I€IOBATb YTOHHãIOIHIA1, K IDHM€DYV: lÏ2OCTMM©, 2m0 Hamanịsa / Enena? (pexiusoe); Imo Hamanoa / E1eHd2 (H€lTpaJIbHO€); Imo moi, Hamau? (pamMusibsApHo-ypyxeckue); Hamam, moi? (PaMusibsApHO-
7PYXecKwe€) B cBoIO Oqepe/Ib D€I/IIKOÍ OTKA3a W CBH/ICT€/IbCTBOM TOTO, HTO
HOM€D HÃDAH H€ B€DHO MOTYT BBICTYHATb CJI€IYIOHIH€ BOIDOCHT€/IbEHBI€
Ip€n/IOK€eHM1: Kyda Bot 3¢oHnume?; Bot Kaxou HOMẴD HaØD@đ1H2;/ Bot HDAGI/IbHO HaØDđ11⁄2 (CTH.IHCTNHU€CKH CHHW3K€HHBI©); oi KVỊAa 360H1,1162; Bbi
gĩ1O HqØDđ11⁄2 (CTHJIHCTHH€CKH CHW23K€HHBI€)
Trang 39IIOJIO3KHB B ©€Ể OCHOBY D41 IAaDAM€TPOB, TJIABHBIMH H3 KOTODBIX #BJI1IOTCS HJJIOKYVTHBHÀđ1 II€JIb, HAIIDABJICHH€ HIDHM€H€HH1 C/IOB K PD€AJIbHOCTH H D€AJbHOCTH K CJIOBđM H HCHXOJIOTHH€CKO€ COCTOSIHH€ TOBODSII€TO, HTO
BBICTYIIA@T YVCJIOBH€M WCKD€HHOCTH D€weBOorO aKTa LÍo MH€HHIO /Ì?K Cẽp:1a,
3HAH€HW€ JOOOrO BbICKa3bIBAHHA WM€€T IIDOIIO3HIHOHAJIbEHO€ CO/I€D?KAHH€ H HJIJIOKYTHBHVIO CH"IY
Teopwn+ pedeBBHX aKTOB JK CếpJla paCCMATpHBA€T CTDYKTYDY
peyeporo akTa KaK COCTOAILYIO M3 IIDOIO3HHHOHHOFTO CO/JI€DXK@AHH1 H HJIIOKYTHBHOIL CH¡IBI ÏÏDHUÊM HJUIOKYTHBHO€C 3HAq4€HH€ MOX€T ƠBITb KaK I€DBHHHBIM (HM€Tb ỐYKBAJIbHHIÍ CMBICJI), TK H BTODHHHBIM (H3/1€/11TbCä KOCBeCHHbIM CMBICJIOM) 3HaYeHHe BbICKa3bIBAHHA JOJDKHO ObITb MOHATHO 3D€CATY, IO32TOMYV BO3HWKAIOIIA5 IIDÕ/IMaA BO MHOTOM CBOJMTCA K BOITpocy O TOM, KaKHM O0O0pa30M CTAHOBHTCI BO3MO3KHBbIM IOHHMAHH€ D€CATOM KOCB€HHOTO D€H€BOTO aKTa, TOI/a KaK TO, 1TO IOHSTHO, H TO, WTO ÿC7IbIIAHO, O3HawaeT Õ0.IbIIe KpOM€ TOTO, /IAHHAã IIDOỐƠ/ICMaA OCJIO?KHS€TCS, HO MH€HHIO JI Cépma, TeM, MTO H€KOTODBIC BBICKđ3bIB3HH1 CTAHOBATCH KOHBCHI[MOHAJIBHbIM CIIOCOOOM BbIPaxKeHHA KOCBeEHHbIX mpocbO Hampumep, BBIDaK€HH©V Bor He mozeiu Obl nepedamb MHe CO/b? JIOBOJIbHO D€JKO BBICTYHA€T B ỐYKBAJIbHOM CMBIC.I€
B nepByto© 0odepenb j/K CÊpI HPp€IJIaFTa€T aCCMATDHBATb
BbICK33bIBAHH4, KOTODBI€ HCHOIb3YIOTCA JIA BbIPAKCHHA KOCBEHHBIX IDOCbƠ M WHbIX TOOyxXTeHHH OTH BbICKa3bIBAHHA MOXKHO pa3esIMTb Ha TakHe TDYHHM:
1) BBICKa3bIBAaHHA, KacarOlllMecd CHOCOOHOCTH CJIYHIAT€JII BBIIHO/IHHTb OIID€JI€/IEHHO€ /1efCTBHNe (He voziu 6b1 2o¢0pumb nomuue ?);
2) BbICKa3bIBaHHA, KacalolllMecd %#KeaHHA WIM CKJIOHHOCTH CJIYIHIAT€J1
Trang 403) BbICKA3bIBAHH1, B KOTODBIX 2KCIILIHIHTHHIÏ HÕƠY/IWT€JIbEHHIÍ T7IAFO.I BKJIOHỂH B O/IHH H3 BBIIICOIHCAHHBIX KOHT€KCTOB (He ØyỊ£m J4 2m0 HPCVGGIIHUCHUI€M C MOe€U CMOPOHbl, ecu A nonpouy 6ac, wữO601 Gol umyMelu nomuue?)
B KOCBCHHBIX pe4YeBbIX AKTAX TOBODMHIMĂÍ IICDGJIAET C/JIYIHIAT€/IO ỐO/IbII€ CO/I€D3KAHHú, H€3K€JIH OH COOỐIHA€T /|€/IA€T OH 2TO, OIIHDAãCb Hà OƠIIH€ 3HaHH4 (KaK #3bIKOBBI€, TAK H H€S3bIKOBBI€), 4 TAK?K€ Hã OỐIIH€ CHOCOOHOCTH pa3yMHOro paccyxJIeHHA, HA/IWWHWe KOTODBIX
IID€IYCMATDHBA€TC1 TOBODZIINM HayHHHIÍ aIIIapar, HeoÕØXO/IWMHIÍ 715
OOBACHCHHA KOCBEHHOPO aCI€KTA B KOCB€HHBIX D€H€BBIX aKTaAX, CO/I€D3KHT T€ODHIO D€H€BBIX KTOB, H€KOTODBI€ OỐIIW€ IIDHHIIHIIBI KOOIICDATHBHOTO
D€eueBOoTO OỐII€HH4, ÕIIW€ POHOBHIC 3HAHHA TOBOPDZII€TO H aID€CATa, a
TakxKe CIIOCOOHOCTb 3/ID€CATA /IGJIATb YMO3aKJIKOYeCHHA C HOMOIIBIO IIDAaTFMaATHu€CKOÍ HWHT€DID€TaHWH BOIpOCAa VY 6ac ecmb pyy¥Ka? MOXKHO BbIBeCTH KOCBeCHHbIM CMBICI BBIDA3K€HHA: “⁄ xOUy nonpocumb y 6q€ pyuKy, nomomy 4 c6o1 3abol / nhomepAl, OC6eOOMUMbCA, eCMb JU ImMom
npeomem y 6qc
leopHd pedeBbiXx aKTOB ID€IYCMATDpHBa€T ,j1€D€HIMaIMIO OYKBaJIbBHOrO MH KOCBeHHOrO CMBICJIA byKBAJIbHO€ CO/€D?KAHH€ H€ BCCT/A
ceOa OIDABHIBIBa€T FÏCCJI€IOBATGJIb KOCB€HHBX HJLIOKVHHÌ“ B laK
CIIDAB€/IJIHBO CHHTA€T, HTO B IIDZMBIX D€H€BBIX KTaX COỐCTB€HHO-3HAq€HWe H IIDATMATHH€CKOC CXO/IHTCHI, @ B KOCBCHHbIX — pacxoysaTca j/|JpYyTO€
IpaTMaTHu€ecKO€ 3HayeHHve ou4epyuMBaetca III [paticom kak HamMepeHHe
TOBODZII€TO HJIH 3Haq€HHe€, KOTODO€ HM€€T B BHJY FoBODpãmmli [Grice, l, c