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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUDE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - NGUYEN THI HUYEN VAN KIM LU: FROM VILLAGE TO WARD MASTER THESIS Major: Vietnamese studies Hanoi - 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUDE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - NGUYEN THI HUYEN VAN KIM LU: FROM VILLAGE TO WARD Master thesis major: Vietnamese studies Code: 60 22 01 13 Supervisor: Dr Dang Thi Van Chi Hanoi - 2012 PROTESTATION I swear this is my own work The data and results described in the thesis is true The results of scientific thesis ever published in any work I would like to take responsibility for my work THESIS AUTHOR Nguyen Thi Huyen Van LIST OF TABLES, DIAGRAM USED IN THESIS No Name Content Page Map 1.1 Kim Lu village location map 15 Map 2.1 Map Kim Lu Village, Khuong Dinh canton 46 Diagram 2.1 Line machinery of management in Kim Lu 40 commune Diagram 3.1 Organization model of Hanoi City‟s authority 81 Diagram 3.2 Diagram of the land Mrs G in 1992 and now 89 Table 2.1 Summary land types in the land register 27 Table 2.2 Summary of types of rice-field and form of 27 ownership by hamlet Table 3.1 Kim Lu farming land acquisition project till 73 2003 Table 3.2 Population in Dai Kim commune from 1985 76 to 2003 10 Table 3.3 Agricultural land acquisition projects in Kim Lu from 2004 to date 84 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .8 Rationale Literature Review .9 Existing materials and research methodology 16 Thesis's contribution .17 Thesis structure .17 CHAPTER I.NATURAL CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF KIM LU VILLAGE 20 1.1 Geographical position and natural conditions .20 1.1.1 Geographical position 20 1.1.2 Natural conditions 20 1.2 Development history .22 1.2.1 Village name and changes in administration 22 1.2.2 Kim Lu inhabitants 24 Sub-conclusion 28 CHAPTER II.THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KIM LU .30 2.1 Economic life 30 2.1.1 The situation of Agricultural land and economy 30 2.1.1.1 The situation of land 30 2.1.1.2 The situation of agricultural production 35 2.1.2 Agricultural product processing 36 2.1.3 Lu fan production 39 2.1.4 Trade and village market .40 2.2 Social organization and village management 43 2.2.1 Village management organization 43 2.2.2 Household and family .47 2.2.3 Some other organizations and unions .48 2.2.4 Arrangement of residential areas 49 2.3 Life of culture, religion and belief .51 2.3.1 The tradition of competition-examinations 51 2.3.2 Buildings of culture, religion and belief 54 2.3.2.1 The village gate 54 2.3.2.2 Lu Pagoda .55 2.3.2.3 The communal house .56 2.3.2.4 Temple of Mother 60 2.3.2.5 Some other monuments 61 2.3.3 Festivals 62 2.3.4 Habits and customs 65 2.3.3.1 Habits and customs in a life cycle 65 2.3.3.2 Other habits and customs .67 Sub-conclusion .69 CHAPTER III.THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION FROM KIM LU VILLAGE INTO DAI KIM WARD, HOANG MAI DISTRICT, HANOI 71 3.1 Kim Lu before 1998 71 3.1.1 The period of agricultural cooperatives (1954-1980) .71 3.1.1.1 Socio-economic life .71 3.1.1.2 Cultural life 74 3.1.2 Contract Farming and Initial Innovation Age (1981-1998) 75 3.2 Urbanization of Kim Lu from 1998 to 2003 78 3.2.1 Advocated expanding the capital plan and the land use purpose change in Kim Lu 78 3.2.2.Career transition of people from farming is mainly to non-farm jobs 80 3.2.3 Immigrants and the mechanical status of population growth 81 3.2.4.The changing landscape of villages and people's life Kim Lu 82 3.3 Dai Kim ward from 2003 to date 85 3.3.1 Administrative management system .86 3.3.2 Completion of land conversion .89 3.3.3 The situation of the population and population change components .93 3.3.4 The change in the socio-economic life 96 3.3.5 Spatial variation from village to urban space unplanned 99 3.3.6 Tradition, lifestyle and social order and security 103 Sub-conclusion: 106 CONCLUSION 109 REFERENCES .113 APPENDIX 120 INTRODUCTION Rationale Urbanization is an inevitable process in a developed society and has been taking place in all countries around the world In our country, this process is occurring strongly This trend is aligned with the context of economic development towards industrialization, modernization and global integration This process is followed by major changes in all aspects: economic, social, cultural ones in rural areas, etc In nature, this is the process of transferring a rural social organization into an urban social one or" from the village to the city" which is not only happening in many suburban areas, but also in many villages in Vietnam Hanoi is the country's capital and also a growing city both in-width and indepth As a result, the urbanization process in Hanoi is taking place very strongly, especially in the suburban areas The fast process of urbanization in Hanoi has turned many suburban areas into the inner ones, and many suburban areas have become suburbs Together with this process, there is a drastic change from landscape to careers, population proportion which previously worked in agricultural sector to non-agricultural areas In addition, the change can be seen in lifestyles, from rural to urban ones, and in customs and practices, administrative apparatus from rural (villages, communes) to urban ones (wards) Kim Lu is an ancient village with a long historical and cultural tradition is also integrating into the urbanization trend Kim Lu is a village with well - known academic and fond of learning tradition lying along the river This is a typical village sharing the similar characteristics with any other villages in the north areas from the landscape with village gates, banyan trees, wells, and yards of communal houses in villages to customs of the people Inhabitants here used to live mainly on agriculture and other occupations associated with agriculture, etc However, in the process of urbanization and capital expansion, Kim Lu village has become a part of Dai Kim Ward, Hanoi City Therefore, this village has been going on with a lot of changes in all aspects from economic, social to cultural one both positively and negatively In learning about the process of changing from village to urban area in Kim Lu, the research aims at clarifying changes in socio - economic aspects, especially its impact on people living in this area It is hoped that this research can provide a comprehensive, in-depth look on the process of urbanization in the suburban village of our country nowadays From which, it is targeted to offer more information for administrators while making polices so that proper and practical suggestions for the sustainable development in suburban areas can be given contributing to the development of the country today Literature Review Villages in Vietnam were formed very early, nearly at the time of establishing the first State Villages play a very important role in the country's history and in the life of each person; thus, village has been the topic studies by a variety of research scientists for a long time Since the seventeenth century, there were some works referring to Vietnamese village; however, a majority of materials is mainly collected by Western traders and missionaries a number of works such as A Description of External Area by S.Baron, The history of External Area by Richard, External Area Kingdom by A de Rhodes, New and interesting review on External Area by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, etc Until late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, monographs on Vietnamese villages written by French authors such as La Commune Annamite au Tonkin (An Nam Villages in the North) by P.Ory (Pairs, 1894 ) appeared And after the First World War, a number of studies carried out by Vietnamese authors in addition to ones by French could be seen, such as Vietnam's customs by Phan Ke Binh, Recherche sur la Commune Annamite (Research on An Nam Villages) by Nguyen Van Huyen, etc So far, many researches on villages and communes have been successfully conducted by Vietnamese author such as Farmers' issues by Qua Ninh and Van Dinh (1937), Vietnam's communes by Nguyen Hong Phong (1959), Vietnam's villages by Toan Anh (1968), Vietnam's rural areas in the history by Institute of History, Organizational structure of the traditional villages in the North by Tran Tu (1984), Experiences on arranging and managing Vietnam's rural areas in the history by Professor and Assistant Doctor Phan Dai Doan Nguyen Quang Ngoc (ch.b) (1994), Some issues on Vietnam's villages and communes by Nguyen Quang Ngoc (2009), etc Urbanization and its impact on society, environment and family have drawn much attention of many scientists and managers Especially, in recent years, along with the strong development of industrialization and modernization has created a lot of issues and challenges for not only policy makers but also scientists In 1960s, the book The history of Hanoi edited by Tran Huy Lieu described comprehensively and systematically all aspects of Hanoi's historical development for a long time from the beginning of the eleventh century to 1960 The book also analyzed and reviewed historical, social and economic issues happening in Hanoi in each different period In addition, the process of expansion and development of the capital was also clarified Other books written by Tran Quoc Vuong includes “Hanoi with thousand civilized years” and other researches such as: Hanoi's geographical and historical position (1984), Realizing ancient Hanoi via remains (1986), Thang Long - Dong Do - Ke Cho (general planning and markets in particular) (1987), Introduction of Dong Da and Dong Da Mound (1989), Discovery of Hanoi's cultural values (1993), etc and a number of other studies such as: Thang Long - Hanoi in centuries from17th to19th Nguyen Thua Hy's doctor thesis, “Thap Tam Trai Area: Population origin, tutelary beliefs and economic 10 29 Thach Lam (2010), Ha Noi thirty six streets, Literature Publishing House (reprinted), Ha Noi 30 Tran Huy Lieu (ed.) (1960), Hanoi history, History Publishing House, Hanoi 31 Ngo Vi Lien (1999), Village names and geography of northen provinces, the Culture and Information Publishing House, Hanoi 32 Trinh Duy Luan (2005), Urban Sociology, the Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 33 Michael Leaf (2000), peri-urban areas of Vietnam: the administrative management of urban development of Hanoi, Sociology, No.5 (71), pp 11 22 34.Martin Ravallion, Dominique van de Walle (2008), land in the transitionreform period and the poverty in rural areas of Vietnam, the Culture and Information Publishing House, Hanoi 35.Nguyen Huu Minh and colleagues (2005), the socio-economic changes in Hanoi peri-urban areas in the process of urbanization, Sociology, No.1 (89), pp 56-64 36.Nguyen Thuy Nga, Nguyen Van Nguyen (ed.) (2007), monograpgy of Thang long Ha Noi in Han Nom bibliography, World Publishing House, Hanoi 37 Tran Ngoc Ngoan (2008), Sustainable rural development - Theory questions and experiences in the world, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 38 Nguyen Quang Ngoc (2009), some issues of Vietnamese villages, Vietnam National University-Hanoi Publishing House, Ha Noi 39 Nguyen Quang Ngoc (ed.) (2009), Proceedings of Vietnamese history, Education Publishing House, Hanoi 40.Nguyen Quang Ngoc (ed.) (1999), Vietnam’s social structure changes in history, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 116 41 Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc, PhD Doan Minh Huan, Engineer Bui Xuan Dung (eds.) (2010), Completion of organizational model and Hanoi urban management Argument and Solutions, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi 42 Nguyen Quang Ngoc - Nguyen Van Chinh Khu Cross blanket zone (1986), the origin of population, tutelary beliefs and economic characteristics, Scientific Jounal, no 1, pp.26-31 43.Dinh Quang (2005), Vietnam’s cultural life of urban and industrial areas, Culture and Information Publishing House, Hanoi 44 Prof Dr Luong Hong Quang (2000), the change of Vietnamese village today (in Red River Delta), Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 45 Nguyen Vinh Phuc (2004), Hanoi - roads, rivers and history, Youth Publishing House 46 Nguyen Vinh Phuc (2009), Hanoi - land, people, Youth Publishing House 47 Nguyen Vinh Phuc, Nguyen Duy Hinh (2009), The Princes and religions in Thang Long - Ha Noi, Labour Publishing House, Hanoi 48.Nguyen Thi Phuong (ed.) (1996): Checking list of geographic villages, Han Nom Research Institute, Hanoi 49 Bui Thi Kim Phuong (2010), From Village to City: urbanization and the transition of lifestype in a peri-urban village of Hanoi, Master Thesis in Ethnic Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU Hanoi 50.Philippe Papin and Olivier Tessier (ed.) (2002), Villages in Red River Delta: Left problems, Hà Nội 51 Duong Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa (1981), Vietnamese village names the early nineteenth century: provinces from Ha Tinh outward, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 117 52 Do Thinh (2000), Monography of surrouding areas of Thang Long: village - monument – cultural relic, Culture and Information Publishing House 53 Hoang Dao Thuy (1971), Thang Long - Dong Do - Ha Noi, Ha Noi Union of Literature 54 Tran Tu (1984), Structure of traditional Vietnamese village in the North, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi 55.Bui Van Tuan (2011), urbanization and socio-economic issues outskirts of Ha Noi today (case study in Ma Tri commune, Tu Liem, Hanoi), Master Thesis in Vietnam Study, Vietnamese Academy and Development Science, VNU, Hanoi 56.UNESCO Centre for conservation and development of Vietnamese ethnic culture (2000), Hanoi, Cultural and historical location and landscapes (book for memorizing 990 years Thang Long, Ha Noi), Vietnamese Association of Historical Sciences, Department of Culture and information, Hanoi 57 Bui Thiet (1985), Village outside Hanoi, Hanoi Publishing House 58 Pham Thi Xuan Tho (2008), Urban Geography, Education Publishing House, Hanoi 59 Le Trung Vu (2006), Hanoi village festival, Culture & Information Institute Publishing House, Hanoi 60.Institute of Culture (1993), Lifestyle in urban life today, Culture and Information Publishing House, Hanoi 61 Assoc.Prof Luong Hong Quang (2010), from the village to the city – an urbanization model in Vietnam, scientific reports, Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities 62 Government Decree No 132/2003/ND-CP dated 06 December 11 2003 on the adjustment of administrative boundaries to establish the Long Bien 118 district, Hoang Mai, found wards under the Long Bien district, Hoang Mai, Hanoi 63 Decision No.108/1998/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on the approval of amendments to Hanoi general planning to 2020 signed on 20 June 1998 64.Documents of 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006 65 Resolution No.26-NQ/TW of the Seventh Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam X on agriculture, farmers and rural areas on 05 August 2008 66 Resolution No 15-NQ/TW of the Fifth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam IX on promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural in the period of 2001-2010 on 18 March, 2002 67 People's Committee of Dai Kim ward (2004), the report on implementation of the tasks of social, economic, security and national defense development in 2004 and the task orientation in 2005 68.People's Committee of Dai Kim ward (2010), the report on implementation of the tasks of social, economic, security and national defense development in 2010 and the task orientation in 2011 69.People's Committee of Dai Kim ward (2011), the report on implementation of the tasks of social, economic, security and national defense development in 2011 and the task orientation in 2012 70.Nguyen Dinh Tuan (2007), some changes in behavior relationships and time use of people in transition area from communal to ward (case study in Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi), Human Research, (31) pp 34 – 40 71.La Thu Thuy (2008), the changing needs of peri-urban residents in the urbanization process, Journal of Psychology, no 12 (117), pp 26-33 119 APPENDIX INFORMATION PROVIDERS LIST DEPTH INTERVIEW No Full name Nguyen Thai Cam Occupation contact Chairman of the 04.35598578 Fatherland Front Street Trieu Quoc Đat head of 24 lane 396 Kim Giang population group Cung Thanh Hung Supervisor of the 0902581859 order Ward Cung Van Hien Manager of Kim Kim Lu Lu communal communal house house Nguyen Thai Son Product che lam 6, lane 250/89/94 Kim Giang Nguyen Van Thuat Manager of Kim Kim Giang communal Giang communal house house Nguyen Thi Goong lane 404 Kim Giang 120 I FOLK ABOUT KIM LU VILLAGE Folk about The tradition of competition-examinations: - “Rượu Kẻ Mơ, thơ Kẻ Lủ Lị vật Quỳnh Đơ, giị cua Cổ Điển” - “Siêu bạt Siêu Quần, cao quan Kẻ Lủ” - “Kẻ Tó văn ba, cao khoa Kẻ Lủ” - “Đất Kẻ Quang, quan Kẻ Lủ” Folk about Kim Lu product: - “Làng Lủ gạo trắng nước Ai kẻ Lủ thong dong người” - “Mình từ làng kẹo Nên nói cho ta phải lịng” - “Làng Lủ bán bỏng rang Trên hàng Đậu hàng nhiều thay” - “Làng Lủ tiếng bỏng rang Kẹo vừng bỏng cốm hàng nhiều thay” - “Kể chơi huyện Thanh Trì Mọc gạo xáo Láng trồng rau Đình Gừng bán cá đội đầu Định Công đan gối, Lủ Cầu bánh trong” - “ Cốm Vòng tiếng kinh thành An Phú nấu kẹo lành mạch nha Rượu Mơ uống say đà Thanh Trì bánh ngon Kẻ Lủ bán bỏng rang giòn Nam Du mật mái lại trồng dâu…” 121 Folk about landscape and people: - “Em gái Lủ Trung Bán đường, mua bút cho chồng thi Nữa mai chiếm bảng vinh quy Bõ cơng sớm tối bốn cơng lênh” - “Hỡi mà thắt bao xanh Có Kim Lũ với anh Kim Lũ có hai đề Cây cao bóng mát gần kề đơi ta Tình sâu khơng quản đường xa Nhà anh cao rộng nhà em Nhà anh có sơng êm Cho em tắm mát đêm mùa hè…” II CONTENT OF “VĂN TỪ BIA KÝ”: Kim lũ trung thôn văn từ bi Lập ngày lành tháng bảy năm Đinh Hợi niên hiệu Đồng Khánh 1887 “Văn từ làng ta Ngày trước có vị ngự sử, gia tặng chức Gia nghị đại phu Thiên phủ Thiên Nguyễn công tiên sinh, lúc đầu bốc quẻ dựng Văn từ, chọn nơi đất uy nghi, núi chầu nước lượn, làm cho vẻ vang tiền nhân, mở mang cho hậu học, từ Nay có vị đỗ đồng tiến sĩ khoa Ất Sửu (năm 1865) làm quan đến chức 122 Vinh Lộc đại phu, Hiệp viện Đại học sĩ, tước Quế Bình Cơng tiên sinh (Nguyễn Trọng Hợp) người kế nối Ơng ln tơn thờ hết lịng với giáo dưỡng, trải nhiều chức quan triều Mùa thu năm Giáp Thân (1884) làm Tổng đốc Tam Tuyên, vừa lo xong bao vụ, lại dốc hết tâm lực đưa dân sống yên bình Sau sung làm Bắc kỳ kinh lược sứ, lo công vụ Hà Nội Xong việc công ông thường kỳ lão văn hội đàm đạo, nghị bàn Nhân nên Văn từ cũ mà dựng lại, lợp ngói cho mẻ, đẹp đẽ Mùa đơng năm Bính Tuất (1886), khởi cơng xây dựng Đến mùa thu năm sau (Đinh Hợi 1887) hồn thành Tế khí rực rỡ uy nghi có thần ngự Hết thảy điều ghi lại để truyền sau Ai đến biết làng ta lúc đầu danh đức nghiệp, sau võ nghiệp khai sang tạo thành phong tục tốt đẹp, đời trọng vọng Từ đến nay, bậc khoa cử, thăng tiến quan chức nhau, nhờ từ nơi Đó Văn từ Ngưỡng mộ người có đức hạnh núi cao, đường lớn nhớ đến Nơi hồ dân làng gắng giữ tục lệ tốt đẹp, kẻ sĩ vui với việc thành tài, ngày làm thêm điều ích thiện, nhờ mở phong tục giáo hóa tốt đẹp Nay kính cẩn ghi lại (TS Bùi Xuân Đính translate) III KIM LU LAND REGISTER III PICTURE ABOUT KIM LU VILLAGE 123 The village gate before The village gate now Kim Giang gate 124 Lu padoga Kim Giang temple Kim Giang communal house 125 Kim Lu communal house Kim Văn communal house 126 Kim Lu festival Make che Lam Che Lam Nguyen family‟s ancestral houses 127 Hong family‟s ancestral houses Kim Văn lake Kim Lu lake To Lich river field Temporary market next to Mr Nguyen Trong Hop grave 128 Dai Kim primary school Dai Kim secondary schools Le Huu Trac School for Medicine and Pharmacy Thang Long University Cancer Prevention Research Center Belt road No.3 Vaccine testing center 129 Kim Van Kim Lu Urban Three great grandparents graves in the old cemetery 130 The new Tam Kim cemetery
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