Quá trình thực hiện chính sách ASXH ở tỉnh điện biên từ năm 2004 đến năm 2014 tt tiếng anh

INTRODUCTION Rationale Social security is considered as a product of progressive society, playing a particularly important role in building and developing people, bringing about a happy life for people, contributing to social health and development, sustainable development of the country Social security has become a central issue in each country's sustainable development strategy and attracts the attention of the entire society In Vietnam, after more than 30 years of implementing the country renovation policy initiated and led by the Party, the social security system increasingly plays a huge role in contributing to stabilizing the lives of workers; Ensuring safety and stability for the whole economy - society Dien Bien is a mountainous province, bordering on the Northwest region of the country, Dien Bien faces many difficulties due to the steep, rugged, sharply divided mountainous terrain, often occurring natural disasters, pipe floods, flash floods , landslides causing serious human and material damage; The economy is underdeveloped, while the proportion of ethnic minorities accounts for the majority (85%), the intellectual level and life of the people in the province are always low compared to the whole country, especially in the highland and border areas gender Therefore, together with focusing on economic development, implementing social security policies has become a strategic task of Dien Bien province The process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 has achieved important achievements, not only contributing to stabilizing and improving the lives of people but also contributing to promoting economic growth, democracy, fairness in the community, safety in society and national security and defense in the province However, besides the achieved achievements, the work of social security in Dien Bien province still exists inadequate issues, difficulties and reveals many limitations which are both from policy to organization only director Many indicators of social security in the province are lower than the region and much lower than the national average A comprehensive, systematic study of social security of Dien Bien province from which to draw some experiences to help Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee have more references on social security policy and its implementation process contribute to providing more theory and practice in solving social problems, especially social security in the province, in the Northwest region and the whole country Stemming from the above reasons, I chose the topic: "The process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014" as a doctoral thesis of History, majoring in Vietnamese History Aims and objectives 2.1 Aims Clarify the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province after 10 years of establishment of the province (2004 - 2014), in order to summarize experiences, contribute to providing scientific and practical arguments, help committees and governments The power of Dien Bien province is getting better and better, and implementing social security policy in the province 2.2 Objectives The thesis focuses on solving a number of basic tasks: Firstly, Systematize and overview the situation of research on social security and implement social security policies of published researches in the country and around the world, draw conclusions about the position, role, and importance of social security work 1 Secondly, analyze historical context and identify factors affecting social security and implement social security policies in Dien Bien province Thirdly, presenting the real situation of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 on pillars: Poverty reduction; Jobs; Policies for people with meritorious services; Social insurance; Social protection and basic social services Fourthly, assess the achievements, limitations, causes, and characteristics in the implementation of social security policies of Dien Bien province; draw some comments and experience in the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 Subjects and Scope of study 3.1 Subjects The object of the thesis is the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 3.2 Scope of study - Scope of content: The dissertation studies the process of implementing Dien Bien province's main contents of social security policies from 2004 to 2014 including pillars: 1) Hunger eradication and poverty reduction; 2) Employment creation; 3) Policies for people with meritorious services; 4) Social insurance; 5) Social protection, 6) Ensuring basic social services for people - Scope of space: The thesis focuses on studying the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province - Scope of time: the research topic from 2004 is the year Dien Bien province was established, 2014 was the time that Dien Bien province conducted a summary of 10 years of establishment of the province (2004-2014) Theoretical basis and research methods 4.1 Rationale The thesis is based on the theory of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought; views, guidelines, guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on socio-economic development in general, social policies and social security in particular 4.2 Research Methods The thesis uses research methods mainly historical and logical methods, combined closely with other methods such as: synthesis, analysis, statistics, surveys, interviews, comparison to solve the tasks of the thesis 4.3 Resources The thesis references, uses a combination of many different sources of documents: Archived sources; Reference sources; Local historical documents by field surveys and fieldwork New contributions of the thesis - The thesis is the first comprehensive, systematic study on the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 - Clarifying factors affecting the implementation of Dien Bien's social security policy, contributing to affirming the role of the Party and the State, the Party Committee of the Government, mass organizations and all strata of people in Dien Bien Province in implementing social security locally - The dissertation analyzes the achievements and limitations of the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien province, based on the results of the dissertation to draw some 2 characteristics and experience in policy making , policies and implementation of social security policies - The thesis is also a reference for research, compilation, teaching and learning about the history of social security in Dien Bien province 3 The layout of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of references and appendices, the thesis content is structured into chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation Chapter 2: Factors affecting social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 Chapter 3: Dien Bien Province implements the social security policy from 2004 to 2014 Chapter 4: Some remarks and lessons learned Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Research situation related to the thesis topic 1.1.1 The research works on other countries’ social security The milestone marking the formation of social security is the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century The first study was marked by the Social Security Act (Social Security) enacted in 1935 in the United States Next are the studies expressed in the Atlantic Charter (1941) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, as well as in international conventions and commitments other By Richardson, J Henry (1960), in: "The Economic and Financial Aspects of Social Security - International Investigation"; Authors: Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean Drèze, John Hills and Amartya Sen (1991) with the book: Social security in developing countries ”; By Ogus, AI, Barendt, EM and Wikeley, N eds (2002), with a comparison: The Social Security Law provides basic knowledge about social security and social policy and international social security Author Martin Feldstein (2005), with the study "Structural reform of social security"; Author Журавлева Ирина Витальевна (2007), in the book entitled New Payment Order for Patients ”; Author Tran Quang Trung (2008) with the work: Balanced effect on social security ”; Authors: Duong Phu Hiep, Hansjorg Herr, Milka Kazandziska (2012), with the book Labor, wages, Social security: Some experiences of the world compiled by Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao and Le Van Toan Author Dinh Cong Tuan and Dinh Cong Hoang (2013), in the book: Social Security of Northern Europe in the global economic crisis and lessons for Vietnam ”; Author Tran Thi Nhung (2008), in the book: Ensuring society in the current Japanese market economy ”; Author Tran Tin Dung (1997), in: "Chinese social development support system"; Author Dang Dai Tung (2007), with the work: Report on reform and development of Chinese social security in 2005 - 2006 ”; Author Dang Cong Thanh (2008), in his book titled: "30 years of Chinese social security"; The author Huong Van Hoa (2010), in: Studying the social security system in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao ”; Studies on social security in developed countries around the world such as the United States, Japan, Northern Europe and Russia show that social security policies are formed early, plus the economy develops a high level of income so the system Social security system is very good China's researches on social security system, rural insurance system with Chinese characteristics, insurance regime, nursing, relief for billion people have provided valuable experiences to building and developing a social security system for Vietnam 1.1.2 Studies on social security in Vietnam Research work on social security in the country in recent years is very diverse and diverse On the one hand, clarifying theoretical issues in social security work; on the other hand, reflects the urgent need of practical social security, ensuring the country's sustainable development Typically works, such as: Authors: Phung Huu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Nguyen Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - CoEditor (2016) with: Some theoretical and practical issues on socialism and the path to socialism 4 society in Vietnam over 30 years of renovation; Authors: Dinh The Huynh, Phung Huu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Vu Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - Co-Editor (2015) with the book: Thirty Years of Innovation and Development in Vietnam; World Bank Southeast Asia and Pacific (1995) with research report: Vietnam - Poverty Assessment and National Support Strategy; Le Bach Duong, Dang Nguyen Anh, Khuat Thu Hong (2005), with research work (bilingual English - Vietnamese): Social protection for disadvantaged groups in Vietnam; The authors Nguyen Van Thuong, Thang Van Phuc and Nguyen Minh Phuong (2006), with their works: Some socio-economic issues after 20 years of renovation in Vietnam; Consultative Group Meeting for Vietnam in 2007, with research report on social protection: Vietnam Development Report 2008; Author Mai Ngoc Cuong (2009), in: Building and perfecting the system of social security policies in Vietnam, stating that the social security system in Vietnam has three components Mai Ngoc Anh (2009), with her PhD thesis in Economics: Social security for farmers in market economy conditions in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Hien Phuong (2009), with a doctoral thesis of Law: Theoretical and practical basis for the development and improvement of social security legislation in Vietnam; Nguyen Van Nhuong (2010), PhD thesis in Economics: Discussing social security policies with farmers after land acquisition to develop industrial zones: a study in Bac Ninh Author Nguyen Tan Dung (2010), with research published in the Communist Review: “Ensuring better and better social security and social welfare is a key content of the SocioEconomic Development Strategy 2011-2020 ”; Authors: Pham Van Hung, Pham Quoc Viet and Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai with Proceedings of international scientific workshops (2011), Socioeconomic Development of Vietnam and Laos for the period 2011-2020; MOLISA (2011), with: A number of social security policies in Vietnam; Author Tran Hoang Hai (2011), in his book: Law on social security: Experiences of some countries for Vietnam; The author Nguyen Van Chieu (2013), with a PhD thesis in Philosophy, studies on: Social security policies and the role of the state in implementing social security policies in Vietnam; Author Duong Van Thang (2013), with a thesis specialized in Journalism: Researching the effectiveness of Journalism in communication activities on social security in Vietnam during the period of international integration; Authors: Mai Ngoc Cuong (cb), Mai Ngoc Anh, Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2013), with the book: Social security in Vietnam in the period of 2012-2020 "; Authors: Le Quoc Ly (cb), Le Sy Thiep, Ho Van Vinh (2013), with the book: Current social security policies and solutions; Authors: Dao Van Dung, Nguyen Duc Trong (cb), Tran Quang Lam (2013): Social security policies affecting socio-economic development; Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong, Pham Thi Bao Ha, Dang Nguyen Anh (2013): Challenges and solutions to sustainable social security policies for everyone in Vietnam and Germany ; Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2014), with her PhD thesis in Economics: "The role of the state in social security for farmers in Vietnam"; Nguyen Mai Phuong (2014), with a doctoral thesis History: The Communist Party of Vietnam led the implementation of social security from 2001 to 2011; Author Nguyen Duy Dung (2015): Settlement of welfare Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines society and lessons learned for Vietnam; Author groups: Doan Mau Diep (Editor), Dang Kim Chung, Bui Sy Loi, (2015): Scientific basis of the construction of social security floors in Vietnam in the near future; Author Nguyen Thi Tam (2015), PhD thesis Political economy: Ensuring social security associated with economic growth in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Van Tuan (2015), with a doctoral thesis History: The process of implementing social security policies in Hai Duong province from 1997 to 2010; The author Dong Thi Hong (2015), with his doctoral thesis of Economics: "Ensuring social security in Hanoi City" In general, the above works have presented an overview of social security in both theoretical and practical aspects The theoretical studies have clarified issues related to the concept, structure, model, social security system The research works in practice give readers a comprehensive picture 5 of social security in the world and in Vietnam Thereby, helping the author be more aware of the theory and practice, advantages and difficulties in the research process 6 1.1.3 The research works related to the field of social security in Dien Bien province After establishing the province in 2004, Dien Bien faced difficulties in all aspects Therefore, up to now, the research works directly related to social security in general, basic policies on social security in particular are very limited Only a few projects address individual issues in some areas of social security policies or the implementation of social security policies in the province In particular, there are works such as: Lai Chau Provincial Party Committee (2002), with volumes: History of Lai Chau Provincial Party Committee Authors: Nong Minh Quan, Nong Minh Quang, Nong Thi Thuy (2005), with the book: History of Dien Bien district Party Committee Editor (period 1950 - 2000) Authors: Truong Xuan Cu, Nguyen Van Chuong, Lau Thi Mai (2009), with the book: Dien Bien 100 years of construction and development (1909 - 2009) introducing history and geographical location , Dien Bien's natural conditions and people with the 100-year-old historical milestones of Dien Bien province Ethnic Minority Committee of Dien Bien (2009), with the topic: Studying solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of a number of ethnic policies in Dien Bien province, focusing on studying a number of major policies of the Party and The State prioritizes the socio-economic development of mountainous ethnic minority areas of Dien Bien province Authors: Pham Thanh Nghi (chief editor), Nguyen Cao Duc, Le Manh Hung (2010), with the work: Human Development in the Northwest of our country, has quantitative analysis of human development in the West North based on human development indicators, comparing HDI and component indicators of provinces: Hoa Binh, Son La, Dien Bien and Lai Chau The author group Nong Minh Quan (chief editor), Nong Thi Thuy, Tran Quoc Vuong (2011), with the work: "History of Muong Lay Town Party Committee (1971 - 2011)" The author Le Huong Giang (2011), with a master thesis in History: Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee in charge of poverty reduction implementation from 2004 to 2010, clarified the objective requirements of Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee in implementation HEPR in the years 2004-2010 By Nguyen Van Quan (2013), with a PhD thesis in Economics: Current situation and solutions to allocate agricultural land for resettlement of Son La hydroelectric plant in the locality In Dien Bien province, the situation of agricultural land use of the area affected by the Son La hydropower project was assessed in Dien Bien province Authors: Nong Minh Quan, Nong Minh Giang, Tran Quoc Vuong (2013), with the book: History of farmer movement and Farmer Association of Dien Bien Province (1974 - 2013) Author Pham Quang Hung (2014), with his master's thesis research: Implementing laws on people with disabilities in Dien Bien province today, presented the theoretical basis for the implementation of the law on people with disabilities , the situation of people with disabilities and the implementation of the law for people with disabilities and set out perspectives and solutions to ensure the implementation of laws for people with disabilities in Dien Bien Province The Ministry of Planning and Investment, the People's Committee of Dien Bien Province and the World Bank (2015), with: The Research Report of the Poverty Reduction Project of Dien Bien Province period 2010 - 2015, presented specific content through six chapters The authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (editor), Luu Quang Tuan, Dang Do Quyen (2015), with the work: Social security for ethnic minorities in Vietnam, presented the issue of social security for ethnic minorities in Vietnam: Characteristics, livelihoods, risks, poor situation of ethnic minorities; policies and access to social security of ethnic minorities in general and access to social security for ethnic minorities, case study in Dien Bien province in particular and recommendations However, the research has only focused on one social security target group of ethnic minorities, while other groups have not been mentioned, it is necessary to have a research project on social security target groups in Dien Bien province 7 The research works have only mentioned the general economic and political situation of Dien Bien province or a group of social security objects of Dien Bien province There have been no studies on social security of Dien Bien province in the period of 2004 - 2014 1.2 General comments on the research situation 1.2.1 Outline the major results of published works 1.2.1.1 In terms of material The research works related to social security work are quite diverse in types of documents, including books, articles, journals, themes, schemes, proceedings of scientific workshops, theses, and dissertations , The research works are approached, exploited under many angles, many ranges of space and time However, the issue of social security for implementing social security policies still has many new issues that need further study and are still an interesting topic While, most research on social security in localities has only been exploited at the level of scientific papers without many monographs or doctoral theses 1.2.1.2 In terms of the approach The research works have approached from different perspectives such as sociology, politics, political economy, history and using research methods such as analysis, synthesis and comparison , history, logic The variety of approaches to various levels and scope of research has provided graduate students with a sufficient knowledge and research methodology for implementing social security policies 1.2.1.2 In terms of the research content The above-mentioned studies have focused on solving some of the following basic issues: Firstly, initially clarifying the concept, function, structure and pillars of social security Secondly, the system and analysis and clarification of the Party and State's policy on social policy Thirdly, some areas of social security such as poverty reduction, social insurance, health insurance, social assistance, social incentives, basic social services and proposing orientations and solutions to better implement social security policies in Vietnam through each stage Fourthly, initially research and implement social security policies from a historical perspective, restore the social security picture and draw experience from the implementation of social security policies in Vietnam However, there is a lack of local research works, especially in places with difficult conditions such as Dien Bien The issue of broad-based social security is especially important in the socio-economic development of the country so the research on social security has always been meaningful in both theory and practice Dien Bien province as well as many other provinces across the country still need comprehensive and systematic research works on the implementation of local social security policies in the national research picture This is the gap that the topic fills 1.3 The issues that the thesis focus on researching Inheriting the achievements of the previous researchers, grasping the remaining gaps around the research issues related to the thesis topic; Sticking with the object, purpose, research task, the author of the thesis identified a number of issues that need further study and clarification in the thesis: Firstly, it clarifies the theoretical issues related to policies and the process of implementing social security policies and also clarifies the Party's guidelines and policies and the practical application of Dien Bien province on social security Secondly, presenting the state of social security in Dien Bien province before 2004 and analyzing the factors affecting the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien province from the time of establishing the province in 2004 to 2014 8 Thirdly, clarify the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province in the areas of: creating jobs for workers; hunger eradication and poverty reduction; policies for people with meritorious services; Social insurance for the poor; Social Protection; ensure minimum basic social services for people Fourthly, evaluate the results of implementing social security policies, characterize and draw some experiences in the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien province In addition, to clarify the characteristics of implementing social security in Dien Bien, the thesis also compares with some neighboring provinces in the region Through an overview of the research works, it has helped me see clearly the picture of social security of Vietnam and Dien Bien province Since then, the approach of the research topic is suitable to the historical specialization, honestly reflecting a historical period of Dien Bien province to implement social security policies from 2004 to 2014 Chapter FACTORS AFFECT TO SOCIAL SECURITY WORK IN DIEN BIEN PROVINCE FROM 2004 TO 2014 2.1 Some theoretical and general issues on social security situation in Dien Bien province before 2004 2.1.1 Concept of social security and social security policies 2.1.1.1 Concept of social security Because of the variety of content, methods and approach angles, theoretical researchers, as well as practical leaders still have many ways to understand social security Can be generalized in two broad and narrow meanings In a broad sense: Social security is a guarantee for the exercise of human rights in order to ensure peace, security and safety in society In a narrow sense, social security is the guarantee of income and some other essential conditions for individuals, families and communities in case of reduction or loss of income due to reduced or incapable tuberculosis work or loss of employment; for lonely elderly people, orphaned children, disabled people, the weak, people affected by natural calamities In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 22 addresses the concept of social security; International Labor Organization (ILO) introduced the concept of social security; The World Bank (WB) is one of the organizations with a lot of contributions to supporting the implementation of social security policies in many countries around the world to define social security; Agreeing with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) also stated the concept of social security; In Vietnam, according to the Vietnam Encyclopedia Dictionary, Volume I, researchers and policy makers have agreed to introduce the concept of social security; At an international workshop with the topic: "Social security system in Vietnam" on August 22, 2007, Dr Nguyen Hai Huu introduced the concept of social security; From above aspects, in order to unify easily, according to the author of the thesis, the concept of the International Labor Organization (ILO) is used: “Social security is a protection that society provides to cities Through a number of widely applied measures to cope with difficulties, economic and social shocks that result in loss or serious loss of income due to illness, maternity, and injury due to labor, loss of labor, or death Providing medical care and subsidies to victims' families with children ”or to put it more succinctly:“ Social security is the provision of welfare for households and individuals through the mechanism of the state or collectives to prevent a decline in living standards or improve low living standards ” 2.1.1.2 Concept of social security policy 9 According to the concept of social security above, it can be seen that Social security is the first and foremost protection of society for its members This protection is achieved through public measures and by the government's social policies The purpose of these policies is to create a legal corridor or regulations, committed to helping members of society in the face of events, "social risks" that lead to reduction or loss of income … Accordingly, the concept of social security policy is also defined by Vietnamese researchers and policy makers: “Social security policy is a basic social policy of the State to implement prevention function, limiting and overcoming risks, ensuring income and safety for members of society " According to Resolution 15-NQ / TW of June 1, 2012, Vietnam's social security policy system is built on the risk management principle, while emphasizing the role of providing basic social services for The people, including basic policy groups as follows: (1) Employment policy group to ensure minimum income and reduce poverty (2) Social insurance policy group (3) Social assistance policy group (4) Basic social service policies to increase access to basic services to a minimum Compared to the popular model in the world, the social security policy system in Vietnam has a specific component, which is a social preferential policy for people with meritorious services to the revolution 2.1.2 Some theoretical issues about social security After World War II (1945), the social security theory was expanded to research in many developed capitalist countries and spread to the independent countries in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean Since 1935, the United States has enacted the Social Security Act, which provides for the protection of the elderly, survivors, disability and unemployment benefits Since then, the term social security is officially used and the world considers it to be the first law on social security By 1941, social security was mentioned in the Atlantic Charter, and later the International Labor Organization (ILO) formally adopted the term social security in international conventions In Vietnam, in the first half of the twentieth century, President Ho Chi Minh's noble aspiration and purpose was to liberate the people and bring about social progress and justice, "fellow citizens can also work and work well-dressed, well educated, frail elderly people, children are cared for ” With a strategic, comprehensive and creative vision, President Ho Chi Minh has initiated and laid the foundation for the implementation of social policies in general, including the social security system in particular in each specific period of the revolutionary process in our country Applying the Marxist-Leninist creations The Communist Party of Vietnam is always interested in developing and perfecting the theory of social security; strengthening the development of the legal system and policies for the development of social sectors in general and social security in particular 2.2 Factors affect to social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 2.2.1 Natural and social -economic conditions 2.2.1.1 Natural conditions Dien Bien province has geographical coordinates from 20 ° 54 'to 22 ° 33' north latitude and from 102 ° 10 'to 103 ° 36' East longitude, Dien Bien is a province sharing the border with the two countries Laos and China is more than 400 km long The topography of Dien Bien Province is lower from the North to the South and gradually slopes from the West to the East It is a complex type of terrain, mainly steep, rugged and strongly divided hills, many landslides and floods of rocky mud Typically, it is the cause of phenomena such as floods, earthquakes and frequent landslides and flash floods especially in the rainy season Located in the watershed of the three major rivers of Vietnam, the Da River, the Ma River and the Mekong River Water resources from the river system are plentiful, but due to the geological structure plus high and sloping terrain, it is difficult to hold water in the dry season and prone to floods in the rainy season Dien Bien has a tropical monsoon 10 10 2.3 The process of renewing the policies of the Dien Bien Party and Party Committee in the implementation of social security policies 2.3.1 Party guidelines on the implementation of social security policies The 6th Congress of the Party (1986), only mentioned social justice, the 7th Congress (in 1991) mentioned social progress, the 8th Congress (1996) defined more clearly: Increase Economic ideas must be associated with social progress and justice right in every step, in every policy and throughout the development process However, the term "social security" has not yet officially appeared in the text of the 8th Congress At the 9th Congress (2001), the word "social security" was officially used in the document, with the policy of "Expeditiously expanding the social insurance system and social security Early develop and implement unemployment insurance policy ” Thus, the document of the IX Congress for the first time marked an important milestone of the Party's views and guidelines on social security Inheriting and developing the content of the 9th Party Congress (2001), at the Tenth Party Congress (2006) affirmed: "Social security needs to be diversified and associated with insurance policies"; At the same time, giving the strategic guiding thought is: Well implementing social policies on the basis of economic development, associating interests with obligations, dedication to enjoyment, creating strong motivation stronger for socio-economic development The Resolution of the Xth Congress of the Party advocates: "Building a diverse social security system, strongly developing the social insurance and health insurance system, towards universal health insurance ; diversify types of social relief ” Concretizing the policy of the Resolution of the Congress, the Resolution of the 6th Central Party Committee (Session X) clearly stated: “Gradually expanding and improving the social security system to meet increasingly better requirements diversification of all strata of society, especially of the policy and poor groups ” Go to the 11th Party Congress (2011) advocating: Create a clear step forward in the implementation of social progress and justice, ensure social security, reduce the rate of poor households; improve people's health care conditions At the same time, clearly stating the views, orientations and specific content for each social security policy: Continue to amend and improve the system of social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, diverse and flexible social assistance and relief ability to protect and help all members of society, especially vulnerable and vulnerable groups, overcome difficulties or risks in life The 2011-2020 Socio-Economic Development Strategy emphasizes: “Developing a diverse, increasingly expanding and effective social security system Develop strong insurance systems such as social insurance, unemployment insurance, occupational accident insurance and occupational diseases Encourage and create favorable conditions for workers to access and participate in various types of insurance Implementing preferential policies and constantly improving living standards for people with meritorious services Expand forms of social relief, especially for the disadvantaged people ” Especially, for the first time the Platform for building and developing the country in the transition period to socialism (supplementing and developing in 2011) was approved by the 11th Party Congress (2011), emphasizing: improve the social security system ” From that great policy, Resolution No 15-NQ / TW of the Central Party Executive Committee Session XI on June 1, 2012 on a number of social policy issues for the period of 20122020 has set the following requirements: Social books must be placed on a par with economic policies and implemented synchronously with economic development, in accordance with the development level and resources capacity in each period , considering social security is a common task important and important of the Party, the State, the whole political system and the whole society The resolution sets out specific tasks: 13 13 Firstly, regarding preferential policies for people with meritorious services, to focus on well implementing the Ordinance on preferential treatment of people with meritorious services to the revolution Secondly, on social security: Employment, income and poverty reduction The field of social insurance needs to study and amend the Law on social insurance Regarding social assistance, continue to expand beneficiaries with appropriate forms of assistance; gradually raising the level of regular social assistance in accordance with the capacity of the state budget Regarding ensuring a minimum of a number of basic social services for people: Regarding ensuring minimum education, continue to expand and strengthen support regimes, especially for young people and young people of poor households and ethnic minorities in poor districts, communes and villages, which are particularly difficult to protect ensure the universalization of sustainable education In terms of ensuring minimum health, continue to implement strategies, programs and projects on health, especially projects to overcome overload in hospitals Regarding ensuring minimum housing, improving housing conditions for the poor and lowincome people in urban areas, step by step addressing housing needs for workers in industrial parks and students tablets Regarding ensuring clean water, continue to implement the national target program on clean water and rural environmental sanitation in the 2012-2015 period and subsequent years Regarding information security, strengthening information and communication to the poor, poor and disadvantaged areas Accordingly, the 2013 Constitution also added the rights of social security of people Article 34 confirms that "Citizens have the right to social security"; Article 59 sets out the responsibility "The State creates equality of opportunity for citizens to enjoy social welfare, develop the social security system" Thus, the Party's viewpoint on ensuring social security for all people towards ensuring people's right to social security has been institutionalized by legal policies Firstly, towards sustainable work Secondly, increasing social assistance for people in special circumstances Thirdly, developing and implementing well the policies of social insurance, unemployment insurance, occupational accident insurance and occupational diseases Fourthly, towards comprehensive and sustainable poverty reduction Fifth, access basic social services for the poor The Party's views and guidelines on social security are the theoretical basis suitable to the practical conditions in our country, in order to improve the material and spiritual life of the people, creating a solid premise for the renewal process , creating socio-political stability and raising Vietnam's position in the international arena 2.3.2 Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee applies the policy of the Party to implement social security policies in the locality The Provincial Party Committee, People's Council and People's Committee of Dien Bien Province have issued many guidelines, policies and specific measures to well implement social security policies in the area Firstly, identifying social security is a long-term strategic task with great significance in terms of politics, society, national defense and security, demonstrating the nation's good morality In particular, the task of poverty reduction is an important task that requires the efforts of the entire political system On July 10, 2006, the Provincial Party Executive Committee issued Resolution 02NQ / TU on the poverty reduction program period 2006-2010; On November 18, 2011, issuing 14 14 Resolution No 04-NQ / TU on the program of rapid and sustainable poverty reduction in the 20112015 period, with orientations toward 2020 To implement the proposed resolution, the provincial Party Executive Committee has actively assigned 78 agencies, provincial and district units, helping 78 disadvantaged communes in the province until 2015 (Decision No 201) / QD-UB March 8, 2005 and Decision No 182 / QDUBND dated March 26, 2012) At the same time, to issue policies to support agriculture - forestry fishery production; Provincial People's Council issues Resolution No 96/2007 / ND-HDND, 11th session, Session XII, July 16, 2007, on policies to support agricultural and forestry production and amend and supplement investment policies to support construction type canals in the province; Resolution No 194/2010 / ND-HDND dated July 16, 2010 on policies and policies to support agriculture - forestry - fishery production in the province; The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 11/2010 / QD-UBND dated July 30, 2010 on policies to support agriculture - forestry - fishery production in the province In order to implement poverty reduction, Dien Bien province implements Program 135 on socio-economic development of extremely difficult communes in mountainous and remote areas Program to support rapid and sustainable poverty reduction for poor districts of the province (Dien Bien Dong, Muong Nhe, Tua Chua, Muong Ung, Nam Po), in accordance with Resolution No 30a / 2008 / NQ-CP on development infrastructure development, socio-economic development Preferential credit program of the provincial Social Policy Bank, implemented with 12 programs In order to implement sedentarization and stabilization of the population in new economic zones for poor communes outside Program 135, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development shall coordinate with relevant branches and District People's Committees implement the migration component according to Decision Decision 190/2003 / QD-TTg of September 16, 2003 Secondly, the Provincial People's Committee issued a number of documents and policies guiding the work of social insurance and health insurance: Decision No 2150 / QD-UBND dated December 14, 2009 of the Provincial People's Committee; Decision 715 / QD-UBND dated August 14, 2012 on amending and supplementing Decision 2150 / QD-UBND Dien Bien; Decision No 28 / QD-UBND dated December 18, 2012, Document 120 / UBND-VX dated January 16, 2013 of the Provincial People's Committee; Document No 1696 / UBND-VX dated July 8, 2013; Plan 1698 / KH-UBND dated July 8, 2013 of the Provincial People's Committee on the Implementation Plan of Resolution No 21-NQ / TW of the Politburo and Directive No 32 CT / TU of April 4, 2013 of the Board Standing Provincial Party Committee Document 1895 / UBND-VX dated 23/07/2013 on payment of pensions, monthly social insurance benefits through the Post office system Third, issue policies to support social protection beneficiaries at provincial social protection establishments The Provincial People's Council issued Resolution No 163/2009 / NQ-HDND on July 14, 2009; The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 09/2009 / QD-UBND on July 27, 2009 adjusting the time and allowance levels for nurtured subjects at the Center Fourthly, to thoroughly implement the preferential policy for people with meritorious services under the Ordinance No 04/2012 / UBTVQH13 of the National Assembly Standing Committee amended and supplemented; Ordinance No 05/2012 / UBTVQH13 amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Ordinance stipulating the title of State honor "Heroic Vietnamese Mother" In order to implement the two above ordinances in detail, the People's Committee of Dien Bien Province has issued a number of guiding and directive documents corresponding to the documents of the President, the Government, the Prime Minister and 15 15 ministries and branches, including 26 legal documents, (5 decrees, decisions, directives, 12 circulars and joint circulars detailing and guiding the implementation Fifthly, on employment creation, labor export, Decision No 1328 / QD-UBND dated November 23, 2006, approving the Program on employment creation - vocational training in Dien Bien province in the 2006 period - 2010; Decision No 515 / QD-UBND dated May 13, 2008 establishing the Steering Committee for Target Program on employment - vocational training in Dien Bien province in the 2006-2010 period; The Provincial People's Council issued Resolution No 88/2007 / NQ-HDND approving the Project on labor export in Dien Bien province; The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 548 / QD-UBND dated May 29, 2007 The provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 992 / QD-UBND on December 6, 2013 approving the scheme of labor export in Dien Bien province to 2015, with orientations to 2020; Decision No 542 / QD-UBND dated August 1, 2013 approving the Program of job creation and vocational training in Dien Bien province till 2015, Sixthly, in order for people to access basic social services, to ensure minimum education, the People's Committee of Dien Bien Province issued Decision 85/2010 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on food support , for boarding students and semi-boarding ethnic minority high schools; Decision 239/2010 / QD-TTg on providing meals, accommodation for kindergartens and pupils of poor households who attend semi-boarding schools in extremely difficult communes; Decree 49/2010 / ND-CP stipulates the exemption and reduction of school fees for students of poor and near-poor families; Decision 60/2011 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister stipulating a number of policies for preschool education development; Decree 74/2013 / ND-CP dated July 15, 2013 of the Government on subsidizing tuition fees for preschool, secondary education, vocational training and tertiary institutions; Decision 12/2013 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on policies to support high school students in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions; Decision 36/2013 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on rice support for students in schools in areas with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions Regarding the minimum health insurance policy, A series of programs have been implemented, such as: Program of issuing health insurance cards and providing full and partial support of health insurance for children under years old, the poor and the near poor, ethnic minority people; Extensive immunization program, reproductive health care, improving the nutrition status of children, school health; Program on prevention of infectious and noncommunicable diseases; Food hygiene and safety program; especially the national target program on HIV / AIDS prevention and control, reducing the incidence of people infected throughout the province Regarding the policy of ensuring the minimum housing for poor households and ethnic minority households under Decision 167/2008 / QD-TTg and Decision 67/2010 / QD-TTg on policies to support poor households in housing Government and housing support policies under Program 135 of monetary or in-kind or loans with preferential interest rates Ensuring clean water for people, especially ethnic minorities, especially difficult and mountainous areas, according to the Prime Minister's Decision 134/2004 / QD-TTg on a number of policies to support production land, residential land, housing and daily-life water for ethnic minorities are poor in Dien Bien Regarding ensuring information for the poor and poor regions, Based on the Prime Minister's decisions, approve the project on rural information and communication development in the 2011-2020 period; Regarding the national target program to provide information about mountainous and remote areas in the border period from 2012 to 2015, Dien Bien province has deployed three basic projects 16 16 From the above-mentioned guidelines and policies, many good and humane social security policies have been implemented, ensuring that social progress and justice are always paid attention to in the socio-economic development process, ensuring that developing economy quickly but sustainably, ensuring national defense and security, creating consensus and trust among the people of Dien Bien province Conclusion of chapter After separating the province in 2004, Dien Bien is still a low-starting province and a particularly difficult province of the country Harsh natural conditions, underdeveloped infrastructure, low educational level, terrain, difficult transportation, and the number of beneficiaries of social policy are diverse, while resources are scarce and downright difficult In the area, there are many factors affecting and affecting both good and bad quality of social security work Realizing the position, role, importance, goals and content of solving social issues, especially social security, social welfare, must be placed on par with economic development policies; At the same time, clearly identifying the advantages and difficulties and challenges of the province, the Executive Committee of Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee has thoroughly grasped, applied and fully implemented the orientations, instructions and directions of Trung central; urgently lead the review of programs and projects related to the implementation of social policies, develop development goals associated with solutions, in order to implement social security policies in the province However, this is just the beginning, creating a basic basis for the Party Committee, authorities at all levels and the people of Dien Bien province to create new impulses both in thinking and practice in implementing policies for progress ministries and social justice, including social security, are factors and drivers of sustained high economic growth; is a strong motivation to promote all creative and emotional capacities of the people in the cause of building and defending the borders of the country Chapter DIEN BIEN PROVINCE IMPLEMENTED SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY FROM 2004 TO 2014 3.1 Implementation of poverty reduction policies 3.1.1 The process of implementing the poverty reduction policy From 2004 to 2014, Dien Bien province implemented according to poverty lines: 2001-2005 according to Decision No 1143/2000 / QD-LDTBXH), 2006-2010 (according to Decision No 170/2005 / QD-TTg), period 2011-2015 (according to Decision No 09/2011 / QD-TTg) Dien Bien Province implements the socio-economic development program of extremely difficult communes in ethnic minority and mountainous areas under Decision 135 phase II (20062010); National target program on poverty reduction in the 2006-2010 period under the Decision No 20/2007 / QD-TTg; Resolution 30a / 2008 / NQ-CP on the program of rapid and sustainable poverty reduction support for 61 poor districts in 20 provinces with poverty rate above 50%, of which Dien Bien province has districts, with the following contents: Firstly, direct the implementation of preferential credit policies for poor households Second, direct and support production land, residential land, houses and daily-life water for poor ethnic minority households Thirdly, directing the implementation of the Agriculture-Forestry-Fishery Extension Project and supporting production development, occupational development, rural agriculture development program (ARD SPS) funded by the Danish Government 17 17 Fourthly, direct the implementation of the essential infrastructure development project Fifthly, support plant varieties, livestock, materials for poor households and ethnic minority households 3.1.2 Results of the implementation of poverty reduction policies in Dien Bien Province The work of poverty reduction in Dien Bien province has achieved many achievements, the ethnic minorities have gradually abandoned the practice of shifting cultivation that depend on nature to actively apply scientific and technical advances , bringing plants and animals of high economic value into cultivation and husbandry to raise family incomes The proportion of poor households decreased from 43.3% in 2000, to 14.6% in 2005 The proportion of poor households decreased from 44.06% in early 2009, to 30.41% at the end of 2014 (according to old criteria) However, the work of poverty reduction in Dien Bien province still has some limitations, such as the development and implementation of a number of programs and projects on poverty reduction that are not close to reality There are even projects that have not been thoroughly investigated and surveyed at the grassroots level, especially the overlap of poverty reduction projects.The results of my field survey shows that there are many shortcomings from the formulation of poverty reduction programs and projects 3.2 Creating jobs for residents 3.2.1 The process of creating jobs for residents Dien Bien Province has abundant labor resources with over 50% of the population of working age This is both a strength but also a difficult problem for local authorities in employment The Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs in collaboration with Dien Bien Vocational College and the Employment Service Center (Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs) open vocational training classes for rural workers under the Government Project 1956; propagating and recruiting unskilled laborers to work in industrial parks Along with loans for job creation, production development support 3.2.2 The result of creating Jobs for residents From 2004 to the end of 2014, through the central government's annual additional loans, by the end of 2014, VND 118,788 million was accumulated Labor export and the project to support workers working abroad under the national target program for employment and vocational training is considered a socio-economic activity contributing to the development of human resources , creating jobs, generating income and improving skills for workers; increase foreign currency revenue for the province; stabilize the situation of local political security Every year, the Employment Referral Center organizes propaganda and counseling meetings on job creation and labor export for 5-9 thousand people Specific results, as of December 31, 2014, the number of workers who have left to work in countries is 52: Korea: 28, Japan: 3, Taiwan: 1; Malaysia: 20 In addition to the achieved results, the job creation task of Dien Bien province revealed many limitations, especially in updating information, databases of labor supply, implementation progress The district Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs Departments not have specialized IT staff; lack of staff of Office - Occupational safety, mostly concurrently, thus affecting the overall progress 3.3 Implementing policies for people with meritorious services 3.3.1 Implementing regimes and policies towards people with meritorious services Make full and timely payment of monthly preferential subsidy to 1,203 subjects; By 2014, coordinating with the inspection agencies to consider and submit to the Ministry of Labor, War 18 18 Invalids and Social Affairs to solve outstanding dossiers for people with meritorious services under the Plan No 611 / KH-BLĐTBXH of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; issued a certificate of national recognition for cases and cases under consideration; case is entitled to policy as war invalids; completing the dossier to submit to the provincial People's Committee, the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs asks the Prime Minister to recognize the martyrs for Mr Su Xe Hu, militia soldiers of Sin Thau commune - Muong Nhe who sacrificed while on forest fire duty Organizing nursing for 222 people with meritorious services; Assessing records, introducing 50 people directly involved in the resistance war infected with Agent Orange; adjust increase, decrease, new reception, moving records to and from 58 beneficiaries of the policy of people with meritorious services; receive dossiers on settlement of monthly allowance regime for demobilized soldiers; move to martyrs records and 02 wounded soldiers Evaluation and settlement of records of entitlement to funeral costs of the rewarded Huan, Medal of one-time subsidy for 116 people; to solve the health insurance regime for people with meritorious services to the revolution who are receiving monthly allowances for 649 people and resistance activists, who are awarded Huan and Medal for 1,532 people Welcoming 550 turns of citizens to search for martyrs 'graves, asking for war invalids, martyrs' policies and other policies Direct the districts, towns and cities to report the results of settling complaint letters under the guidance of the provincial People's Committees 3.3.2 Gratitude movement With the motto to promote socialization of war invalids, martyrs and people with meritorious services; all levels, sectors and units in the province have actively implemented and effectively implemented programs, such as: Taking care of housing improvements for policy beneficiaries; building a Grateful Gratitude Fund; giving savings books to policy families Since 2004, the provincial Gratitude Gratitude Fund has received supportive contributions from agencies and units based in the province of VND 357,870 million, annually receiving hundreds of million VND (in 2014, VND 657,670 million dong.) By 2014, the whole province has maintained 100% of communes, wards and townships well implemented the gratitude movement, 98% of policy households have a living standard equal to and better than the average living standard of the people residence The provincial People's Committee has directed all levels and branches to organize activities to commemorate, place wreaths, burn incense, commemorate candles and pay tribute to the martyrs at martyrs cemeteries A1, Doc Lap and Him Lam, Tong Khao; Each year, the province has visited and given gifts with the total amount of hundreds of millions of dong In addition, the care of cemeteries and the remains of martyrs' remains are also concerned In addition, the province has granted certificates to dozens of former youth volunteers who have no original papers, as a dossier to settle the regime 3.4 Implementing social insurance and social protection policies 3.4.1 Social insurance policies for people From 2005 - 2014, each year on average Vietnam Social Insurance assigned to Dien Bien province is 289 billion 090 million The provincial social insurance body has assigned plans for each district, town and city to ensure funding sources The payment of social insurance is well managed The total number of social insurance beneficiaries in Dien Bien Province managed by the end of 2014 was 10,737 people, an increase of 1.55% compared to the same period of 2006 3.4.2 Implementation of social protection policies Regular social assistance: Taking care of people who cannot support themselves at social assistance establishments or in the community according to Decree 67/2007 / ND-CP of April 13, 2007 and Decree No 13/2010 / ND-CP of February 27, 2010; Cash support for people in extremely 19 19 difficult circumstances according to Decree No 13/2010 / ND-CP of February 27, 2010 and Decree No 67/2007 / ND-CP providing for groups of subjects receive monthly social benefits Social protection in drug and prostitution prevention: According to statistics of the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs of Dien Bien Province, in 2004 the province had about 8,000 drug addicts, by 2008 there were about 8,500 people, in 2014 was over 9,500 people The number of drug addicts in Dien Bien tends to increase The province has organized many activities to support detoxification, however, the number of post-detoxification people accounts for over 90% The situation of prostitution in Dien Bien province is quite complicated, through basic surveys shows that most of the communes and districts in the province have places of prostitution evils with the same more sophisticated, disguised in many forms in business establishments - services Dien Bien Provincial People's Council issued Resolution No 218/2009 / NQ-HDND on adjusting and supplementing allowances, contributions and exemptions for drug addicts, prostitutes including six levels In addition, the Resolution also stipulates: The contribution regime of drug addicts applying post-detoxification management measures at the Center; exemption and reduction regimes for post-detoxification drug users applying postdetoxication management measures at centers Caring for the elderly: Every year, the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs has cooperated with the Representative Board of the Elderly Association of Dien Bien province to review, evaluate and submit to the Provincial People's Committee to allocate thousands of tons of rice from the national reserve to households Poverty in districts, towns and cities on the occasion of borders Social protection for people with disabilities: In 2004, the result of the review and statistics was more than 4,000 people with disabilities; In 2014, there were more than 4,849 people with disabilities From 2004 to 2014, Dien Bien Province regularly opened training courses on mental health skills for district-level Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs staff and relatives of people with mental illness in districts The number of people with disabilities in Dien Bien province has been enrolled in health insurance As of 2014, the province had more than 3,000 people with disabilities receiving monthly social allowances The total expenditure from 2011 to 2014 is over 22 billion dong Implementation of child care: In 2004, the total number of children in especially difficult circumstances was nurturing 1,032 children By 2014, the total number of children in exceptionally difficult circumstances was nurturing 1,232 In addition to the achieved results, the province's social protection work is still limited Extraordinary relief work: The Government's Decree No 13/2010 / ND-CP of February 27, 2010, stipulating the subjects entitled to unexpected allowances include: people, households facing difficulties due to natural consequences ears or force majeure reasons such as households where someone dies or is missing; households with households with seriously injured people, households with houses collapsed, collapsed, drifted, burnt or seriously damaged; the hungry; people at risk outside their residential areas who are seriously injured or die, their families not know for care or burial; wandering beggars during the time they are gathered and waiting for being taken to their residence places 3.5 Ensure a minimum of basic social services for people 3.5.1 Education guarantee policy The Government has issued many preferential policies under which Dien Bien Province has exempted all school fees and school construction contributions from poor households of ethnic minorities with children with disabilities 50% reduction of school fees and 50% of school building contributions for learners who are members of other poor households Support textbooks and 20 20 notebooks for pupils of all levels, who are children of poor ethnic minority households living in region III communes and boarding schools Implementation mechanism: The above policy is implemented in accordance with the current mechanism of education law and primary education universalization law Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs cooperates with Department of Education and Training, Department of Finance to guide the implementation of school fees for poor students; Implementation time is from 2006 to 2011 3.5.2 Policy on health support for the poor In order to support the poor, those who have just escaped from poverty within years of accessing medical services when they are sick, 100% of the medical examination and treatment expenses for the poor when sick come for inpatient or outpatient medical examination and treatment public and private health facilities; The free medical examination and treatment for the poor is done through purchasing health insurance cards for the poor Voluntary health insurance: Based on the voluntary health insurance collection plan assigned by Vietnam Social Insurance, Dien Bien Social Insurance based on the actual situation from the grassroots to deliver the collection plan to the social insurance of districts, towns and cities city As a result, voluntary health insurance collection by the end of 2014 has issued 16,940 voluntary health insurance cards with the amount of 121% of the year plan Especially, every year, in collaboration with the education and training sector to issue health insurance cards for medical examination and treatment for students under 14 years old in the province Health insurance spending inspection: In order to implement well the spending inspection, the provincial social insurance body has issued documents to guide and improve professional skills for social insurance in districts, towns and cities In 2004, providing medical examination and treatment for 441,484 turns of people with an estimated amount of VND 43 billion; in 2008, medical examination and treatment for 541,884 turns of people with an estimated amount of VND 53 billion and VND 079 million; in 2012, providing medical examination and treatment for 641,884 turns of people with an estimated amount of 63 billion 0879 million dong; In 2014, medical examination and treatment for 741,884 turns of people with an estimated amount of VND 83 billion 099 million 3.5.3 The policy ensures a minimum of housing, clean water and information for people The objective is to support housing for poor and near-poor households, especially ethnic minority households, semi-boarding and boarding students, for students of upper secondary, secondary, vocational and vocational schools province to stabilize life, improve health, contribute to sustainable poverty reduction Housing support policies for poor households Ensure clean water for people Information security for people Thus, the social security system of Dien Bien province after 10 years of separation has been widely covered The policy of implementing social security policies is implemented synchronously, creating a consensus of the entire political system and people in the province Conclusion of chapter From 2004 to 2014, after the division of the province, Dien Bien faces many difficulties of a mountainous and border province, with low starting points, limited budget revenues, underdeveloped economy, the development of life for the majority of officials, party members and people is low and unstable Natural disasters, floods and landslides often make the percentage of poor, near-poor and re-poor households still high compared to other provinces in the region; underemployed laborers are still abundant; Social evils, such as trafficking, drug addiction, 21 21 prostitution, gambling are increasing, etc Accordingly, the subjects who need help from social security policies are constantly increasing and have complicated tendencies In this context, all levels and sectors in the province have closely followed the policies of the Party, the State and the provincial Party Committee, endeavored to seriously implement social security policies on all contents and come fully, promptly all beneficiaries enjoy However, the implementation of social security policies of Dien Bien province in the years 2004 - 2014 is still inadequate and limited to be overcome Chapter SOME COMMENTS AND LESSONS LEARNED 4.1 Achievements, limitations and causes 4.1.1 Achievement * Create jobs and increase income for people * Vocational training is constantly being strengthened and developed * Minimize risks for people * Overcoming risks: giving people meaningful and practical * Irregular relief work: deployed timely, promptly and effectively * Health insurance: The percentage of the population participating in health insurance has increased every year * Ensuring minimum education: In 2000, to complete the objective of universal primary education - to fight against illiteracy; in 2008, to complete universalization of lower secondary education; in 2009, reaching the standard of universal education level The facilities are invested, the quality of teachers and the quality of education increase every year * Ensure minimum housing for households throughout the province * Ensure clean water: The percentage of rural population having access to clean and hygienic water increases over the years, 72% in 2012, an increase of 37% compared to 1995 (less than 35%) [224, p.9] * Some typical models of implementing social security policies: In the process of implementing social security policies, many good models and good practices have spread in the community Typical is: - A model for those who have ever been addicted to drugs and infected with HIV / AIDS: The "New Horizon" Club, founded in February 2011 in Muong Ang District, to help people after drug addiction Drugs come back to life, integrate into the community - An effective model for poverty reduction: On the "map" of rapid poverty reduction in Dien Bien, there are bright spots, including Sua Tinh commune (Tuan Giao) - Model of escaping from poverty from taking advantage of the local development of Shan Tuyet tea tree in Tua Chua district Poverty reduction policies and solutions are implemented in all three ways: i) Helping the poor increase their access to basic social services, especially in health, education, vocational training and housing , water; ii) Support for production development through policies on preferential credit, agricultural - forestry - fishery extension; iii) Development of essential infrastructure for communes, wards and towns Up to now, poverty reduction has achieved many remarkable achievements, recorded by all levels, sectors and people: In 2004, 61,654 households accounted for 53.01%, by the end of 2009, there were 48,987 households; By the end of 2010, there were 51,644 households, accounting for 50.01%; by the end of 2013, there were 38,987 households, accounting for 35.06% The material and spiritual life of people of all ethnic groups in the province has been improved significantly [225, p.5 - 9] 22 22 4.1.2 Major limitations * Employment: Job creation is limited, policies with low coverage and support levels have not kept pace with the development of the market economy * Hunger eradication and poverty alleviation: Policies on poverty reduction are overlapping, some policies have not enough resources to implement, especially policies for ethnic minorities The policies are still heavy on subsidies, creating a sense of expectation on the support of the State, and have not encouraged the poor to rise on their own The coordination between ministries and agencies is not good, there are overlaps in content and subjects Resources for poverty reduction are fragmented, effectiveness for beneficiaries is not high; resources allocated for a number of policies for ethnic minorities are still slow; The management and supervision mechanism for the allocation and use of capital is still loose and duplicated, resulting in low efficiency of resources utilization for poverty reduction The poverty line is slowly adjusted and getting lower than the minimum living standard Besides, the results of poverty reduction are not stable, the rate of households falling back into poverty remains high (on average, households out of poverty have household falling back into poverty) In particular, the implementation of a number of programs and policies clearly shows the limitations and impacts on social security, which are: - Poverty reduction programs and policies for ethnic minorities are still inadequate in terms of resources and implementation mechanism - Policy of sedentary farming in some localities is still inadequate The planning is not close to reality, the project planning is not guaranteed, the project site is located in the area at risk of pipe and flash floods, so the planning must be changed again, so the time for evaluation and approval of the project sentence extended; - Policies to support production land, residential land and daily-life water for poor ethnic minority households and difficult life under the Decision No 755 / QD-TTg are difficult to implement, so by the end of 2015, the policy is invalid but the target has not been completed, the beneficiaries of policies are still large (only 8.1% is allocated, and VND 10,802.38 million is missing); local land fund is limited, land reclaimed is no longer available but has to invest a lot of budget, or has land but the price is very high as the prescribed support cannot be implemented - Policy of direct support for people in poor households in difficult areas according to Decision No 102/2009 / QD-TTg, with support norms too low compared to the increase in prices of essential commodities and animals Investment in production - Lending policy for production development for ethnic minority households in especially difficult period 2012 - 2015 according to Decision 54/2012 / QD-TTg, with a low loan limit (8 million VND / household), not yet meet the investment needs for production of Ethnic minority households While there are still about 237,555 households needing to borrow capital for production with the amount of VND 1,900,440 billion but cannot meet * Social insurance: Information, propaganda and implementation of social insurance law are not deep and wide Most people are not fully aware of the meaning, role, benefits and humanity of social insurance policies, so they have not actively participated In addition, sanctions against violations are not strong enough, criminal sanctions have not been imposed for acts of evasion or appropriation of social insurance premiums Programs to support unemployed people to reintegrate into the labor market with low effectiveness * Incentives for people with meritorious services to the revolution: The review of the implementation of the policy of people with meritorious services to the revolution in Dien Bien province is still manifest Facilities of care and nursing facilities for people with meritorious services have not yet met the requirements and aspirations of the subjects The system of policy documents is still overlapping 23 23 * Social support for people in difficult circumstances: Some policies both central and Dien Bien province are not suitable with reality: The regular social assistance policy has not covered all vulnerable groups, dispersed, duplicated, overlapped, and has not yet been systemized according to each type of policy and each type of beneficiary Meanwhile, the level of social assistance is low The emergency assistance policy is regulated in a limited scope, only has risks of natural disasters but has no social and budget risks, and only offset about 40% of damages and mobilization from socialization The province's is very difficult In general, the support level is too low, failing to meet the needs of the people - Ensuring the minimum education: The quality of education universalization is uneven, ensuring the minimum education for ethnic minority children, poor households and extremely difficult areas still faces many challenges - Health insurance: Awareness on participating in health insurance is still low Health insurance coverage is not yet considered as an indicator of socio-economic development in the province and localities in the province - Housing support for people: The effectiveness is limited, the level of housing support for poor households is low and has not been adjusted in time with the fluctuation of prices; Local budget capital and mobilized capital from the community are very limited so it also affects the implementation progress - Ensuring clean water: The level of access to clean water of people between regions in the province is still large; - Information security: The national target program to provide information on facilities, remote areas, border areas and islands is very limited, (only 23.58% compared to the Prime Minister's approval) 4.1.3 Cause of achievements and limitations * The cause of the achievement Firstly, in the period 2004 - 2014, the Party and the State paid attention and issued fully and promptly documents of leadership and guidance on social security policies Secondly, all levels of Party and Party organizations in the whole Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee have strengthened leadership, thoroughly directed and well implemented resolutions, directives and instructions of the Central Government and the province on social security policies Thirdly, the party committees regularly propagate, educate ideological politics, raise awareness and alert awareness for officials and party members Fourthly, the direction, inspection and supervision were focused * Cause of restriction - Objective reasons: Firstly, Dien Bien is a mountainous province, the border is far from the economic and political center of the country, so the conditions for educational development, training and exchange and access to advanced scientific knowledge are still slow and still face many difficulties; Secondly, the starting point of socio-economy of Dien Bien province is low, severe weather, floods occur frequently Thirdly, the negative side of the market mechanism also has certain effects on the implementation of the provincial social security policy - Subjective reasons: Firstly, the system of legal documents on social security with many different types of valuable documents 24 24 Secondly, the inadequate awareness of the work of social security of a leadership and the people led to the implementation of social security policies is not adequate, sufficient and not yet promoted the advantages of the policy Thirdly, the resources for implementing social security policies of the province are limited, mainly based on the State budget, not encouraging people and social partners to actively participate Fourthly, Dien Bien is a mountainous province with a low starting point; Production materials are mainly based on land resources, essential transport and irrigation infrastructure systems, which have not been synchronously invested In particular, the province does not have breakthrough policies to escape poverty, capable of meeting social security requirements 4.2 Characteristics of the implementation process of social security policies of Dien Bien province and the issues raised 4.2.1 Outstanding features in social security policies Firstly, the unity and coverage of the social security policy system of Dien Bien province Secondly, the sustainability of the financial system in implementing social security policies in Dien Bien Province Thirdly, the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien Province has made great progress over time Fourth, the social security policy of Dien Bien compared to other provinces in the Northwest region is still low - Son La province: - Lai Chau Province: 4.2.2 Issues raised during the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien Province Firstly, the problem of population and poverty Second, on education - training Thirdly, about science and technology (S&T) Fourth, on the process of industrialization, modernization and urbanization Fifth, the process of globalization, international integration 4.3 Some experience By studying the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014, some experiences can be drawn as follows: Firstly, enhancing the leadership and direction of the Party Committee, the participation of the whole political system in the implementation of social security Secondly, linking social security with goals and motivation for sustainable development and socio-political stability Thirdly, promote all resources to implement social security policies Fourthly, attaching importance to supplementing and perfecting social security mechanisms and policies suitable to practical conditions Conclusion of chapter After separating the province, along with the whole country, Dien Bien province conducted the renovation, focusing on developing production towards industrialization, modernization and international integration The renovation process has a strong impact on the life, employment, income and opportunities of a significant number of people In particular, focusing on the good implementation of social policy and social security and identified as a very important task, placed on par with the task of economic development Accordingly, the social security system of Dien Bien province is focused on social incentives, social insurance, social assistance, social relief, clearly 25 25 showing the sharing between the State, society and people in prevention and minimizing risks for policy beneficiaries Associate social security with goals and motivations for sustainable development and socio-political stability in the province Implementation of social security policies from 2004 to 2014 in Dien Bien has yielded encouraging results The main social security system is formed in abundance, diversity, many steps, basically meeting the people's aspirations Social security policies clearly show the unity and comprehensive coverage, at the same time, it shows the sustainability and development over time Besides, implementing social security policy in Dien Bien also reveals difficulties and shortcomings Due to harsh natural conditions, backward production, underdeveloped economy, low educational level, frequent floods, landslides, unpredictable social evils, main beneficiaries Social security books are increasing While the budget is still limited, people are still psychologically dependent on relying on the help of the State and the community but this requirement is less met People's satisfaction on social security policies is not high, the level of support for all subjects is too low The results of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 have left valuable experiences to help Dien Bien province and other provinces in developing and implementing effective social security policies to local changes in socio-economic development and improvement of people's lives CONCULSION Dien Bien is a strategically important province with nearly 400 km of national borders, bordering Laos and China, with many convenient border gates for international exchange ; is an area of particularly important defense and security of the Northwest region and the whole country In the past years, Dien Bien has always been paid special attention by the Party and State to develop socio-economic development, making remarkable changes compared to the past However, Dien Bien has always been a particularly difficult province compared to the whole country The hostile forces have always taken advantage of the issue of ethnicity, religion and human rights to misrepresent the Party and State's guidelines and policies, divide the Party with the people, incite and cause confusion to maintain the stability of political security, social order and safety in the province Therefore, the construction of Dien Bien is strong in terms of economy, national defense and security, healthy cultural life; internal solidarity, people's lives are guaranteed to be objective requirements In the years 2004 - 2014, Dien Bien province has thoroughly grasped and applied creatively guidelines and policies of the Party and State on social security into local reality, with appropriate steps Cables and industries in the province always follow the reality, follow the local development requirements, direct the implementation of the main pillars of welfare, such as: poverty reduction; jobs; implement policies for people with meritorious services, implement social insurance; Social Protection; and ensure a minimum of basic social services for people In the process of implementing social security policies for people in the province, Dien Bien has gained many important achievements The material and spiritual life of the people has been paid more attention and improved than before; contribute to creating a strong change in socio-economic development, maintaining political stability, promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, building new rural areas in the whole province However, in the process of implementing soci al security policies, there are some limitations and weaknesses: The process of creating jobs for people has not been effective, social evils in the province are still high, the level of support for changes ASH policy influence is still low The system of policies and social security policy-making team has not been developed synchronously and has not met the social needs The actual level of social security coverage is not comprehensive, and the ability to access population groups in some programs and projects is limited The policies that have been issued are many in 26 26 number, but they are still inadequate, lack of synchronism, few linkages, not yet effective use of resources and not really ensure the sustainability in the locality The achieved results as well as the limited aspects clearly show the basic characteristics in the implementation of social security in Dien Bien province: i) The consistency and coverage of the social security policy system of Dien Bien province Record; ii) Sustainability of the financial system in implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province; iii) Promote all resources to implement social security policies iv) Paying attention to supplementing and completing mechanisms and policies to implement social security in accordance with practical conditions These experiences are extremely important in the process of implementing social security for people in Dien Bien province At the same time, those experiences are valuable references in the process of implementing social security for people in Dien Bien province to be more comprehensive in the next period Under the new conditions, the requirement to complete the social security policy becomes imperative, in order to achieve the goal of fast and sustainable development The research has deepened identification and understanding of issues related to social security in Dien Bien and drawn some historical experiences: i) Enhancing the leadership and direction of the Party Committee, participation in the of the political system in the process of implementing social security ii) Link social security with goals and motivations for sustainable development and sociopolitical stability iii) Promote all resources to implement social security policies iv) Paying attention to supplementing and completing mechanisms and policies to implement social security in accordance with practical conditions These experiences are extremely important in the process of implementing social security for people in Dien Bien province At the same time, those experiences are valuable references in the process of implementing social security for people in Dien Bien province to be more comprehensive in the next period 27 27 ... province from 2004 to 2014 Subjects and Scope of study 3.1 Subjects The object of the thesis is the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 3.2 Scope... research topic from 2004 is the year Dien Bien province was established, 2014 was the time that Dien Bien province conducted a summary of 10 years of establishment of the province (2004- 2014) Theoretical... affecting social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 Chapter 3: Dien Bien Province implements the social security policy from 2004 to 2014 Chapter 4: Some remarks and lessons learned