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PUBLICATIONS 2016 Socialization of early childhood education in Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi City Journal of Theoretical Education No 242/2016 ISSN: 0868 – 3492 2016 Socialization of education in Hanoi City State management Journal No 243/2016 ISSN: 2354 – 0761 2018 Development of non-public early childhood education in Hanoi City State management Journal ISSN: 2354 – 0761 2019 Questions raised in the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi City Journal of political theoretical scientific Information ISSN: 2354-1040 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHUNG THI LINH KHANH STATE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN HANOI CITY Major: Public Management Code: 9.34.04.03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT HANOI, 2020 The research has been accomplished in: CONCLUSION NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Supervisors: Associate Professor Dr Truong Quoc Chinh Professor Dr Nguyen Huu Khien Reviewer No.1: Reviewer No.2: Reviewer No.3: The dissertation will be defensed before the Academy Examination Board Venue: Doctoral Dissertation Defense Room, Meeting Room ……., Building - National Academy of Public Administration, No 77 – Nguyen Chi Thanh Street – Dong Da District – Hanoi City Time and date: ………………………… State management of early childhood education is a particular field of state management, performing the management of a single level of education in the national education system of our country as a foundation to equip children with the most basic understanding of the core values of morality, dignity, lifestyle, contributing to shaping children's character and habits in the future Researches on the specific contents of state management of early childhood education in Hanoi in the period 2010 - 2018 reflects some positive results of certain achievements in implementing projects and programs to improve the quality of early childhood education However, besides the positive results, certain limitations and weaknesses still exist in the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi Therefore, it is required all levels of government to study the system of the Party's directions, the institutional system of State agencies at higher levels and the documents system on management and administration of the localities in recent years in a specific and thorough way, aiming at developing and implementing synchronously a system of feasible and practical solutions to continue perfecting the legal system for state management of early childhood education; on strengthening the management apparatus, promote decentralization of state management of early childhood education; on capacity building for the cadres and officials engaged in the state management of early childhood education; on strengthening the socialization of early childhood education based on ensuring the quality of public services; on inspection, examination and supervision of state management of early childhood education; and on the application of information technology to the state management of early childhood education The dissertation might be found at The National Library of Vietnam or The library of National Academy of Public Administration 25 Consolidate the management apparatus, promote the decentralization of the state management of early childhood education; Improve the capacity of the staff in charge of state management of early childhood education; Strengthen the socialization of early childhood education on the basis of ensuring the quality of public services; Strengthen inspection, examination and supervision of state management of early childhood education; Apply information technology to the state management of early childhood education These solutions directly contribute to strengthening the state management of ECE in the city in the current period and the following years During the implementation of the solutions, it is necessary to summarize and draw experiences for each stage, each solution in terms of its effectiveness and suitability in order to promptly adjust the solutions to ensure the coherence to specific management goals 24 PREFACE Rationale Education is a broad social activity that plays a role not only in improving people's knowledge but also contributing to the creation of a new social value system and direct provision of qualified human resources to social-economic development From the reality of development, the Communist Party and the State of Vietnam are always aware of the importance of education and correctly define the purposes and policies for educational development, in which educational development is considered as a national policy to improve standard of the people, develop human resources and foster talents The Government prioritizes investment and attraction of other investment sources in education; pays attention to education of all levels; step by step universalizes the education Early childhood education (ECE) is a part of the national education system, in which children from months to years are nurtured, cared for and educated in order to develop physically, emotionally, intellectually and aesthetically and form the first elements of personality to be well-prepared for the first grade of primary school This level of education has a special position both because it is the first level in the education system and because of its special objects: such as children at early stage of intellectual and physical development The State should pay special attention and have specific management mechanism to create effective breakthroughs, build a solid foundation for the development process through school education Thus, it is the practice that requires theoretical studies to guide the implementation of stages of state management activities However, State management includes a lot of specific activities which are performed by many agencies of different authorities and depends markedly on the practical conditions of each province or city Considering the state management in the scope of local authority, Hanoi City has a special position because it is not only the Capital but also the economic, political and social center of the country With its advantages, the Capital authority should create a model for state management of ECE that works effectively and is possible to become a model with highly practical reference content for other localities in the country With that goal, evaluations on the state management practice of ECE in Hanoi city over the years show that besides the positive aspects such as initially constructing a wide range ECE system and setting out education quality during the educational planning process (although still relatively conservative), there are still many shortcomings that need solutions to overcome and create stepping stone for a more efficient and effective process of state management, aiming to create the stepping stone for ECE development, untie the mechanism for preschools, especially non-public institutions; create a solid premise for self-control in education; build an educational philosophy that is suitable to the orientation of developing the Vietnamese people and citizens of the Capital; standardize titles in the education sector associated with the quality of early childhood education These expectations, when being compared to the state management practice of nursery education in Hanoi Capital, show a relatively large gap due to objective reasons outside of the direct and dynamic influence of the Capital authorities at all levels and also because of subjective reasons such as internal limitations in the management apparatus At the same time, being objectively assessed, the state management activities are conducted mainly based on legal regulations but lack of other reference values, consultation channels from experts, researchers, lack of oriented scientific researches which includes both pure theoretical researches and applied researches The assessment and review of state management activities for ECE are currently not effectively implemented, lack of necessary objectivity, especially when looking directly at the limitations and negative aspects to have the right solutions In fact, research on State management of ECE has been interested and carried out by many scientists in certain aspects, but there are no systematic and comprehensive studies at the level of doctoral dissertation in State management of ECEC in Hanoi City in the scientific aspect of public management Stemming from the above-mentioned practice, the Doctoral candidate chose the topic "State management of early childhood education in Hanoi city" as the doctoral thesis in Public Management successfully completing their tasks in the new stage; Enhancing the fostering of firm political stuff, intensive professional expertise and inspection and examination skills to ensure the inspection force is the leading force in preventing, detecting and handling wrongdoings in the education sector in general and early childhood education in particular 4.2.6 Applying information technology to the state management of early childhood education For the state management of early childhood education within Hanoi city, in order to properly promote the application of information technology, it is necessary to proactively perform some of the following basic tasks : Firstly, building and developing regulations on the transmission and reception of information on the intranet and wide area network with agencies and units in the organizational system of state management of early childhood education together and connect with related agencies and units in a "digital ecosystem" Secondly, focusing on raising awareness of information technology of the cadres and civil servants in charge of state management of early childhood education Thirdly, paying attention to training and fostering knowledge of informatics and information technology for the cadres and civil servants working on state management of early childhood education 23 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Originating from the practice of state management and the practice of early childhood education in Hanoi nowadays, strengthening the state management of early childhood education is an urgent requirement This requires the authorities at all levels to specificcally and carefully study the system of the Party's directions, the institutional system of state agencies at higher levels and the documents system on operation and management in the past years in order to build feasible and practical solutions In the current time, Hanoi city should focus on synchronous implementation of the following basic solutions: Continue to improve the legal system for state management of early childhood education; Fourthly, strengthening the state management of the socialization of early childhood education in Hanoi city such as: Thoroughly grasping the leadership and direction of the Party Committees at all levels, while enhancing the supervision of People's Councils, the direction and administration of the People's Committees at all levels, the responsibility for organization and implementation of departments and branches in order to maximize and effectively mobilize investment resources for education development and early childhood education; Strengthening inspection, examination, removing difficulties and obstacles in the process of socialization 4.2.5 Strengthening inspection, examination and supervision of state management of early childhood education - Thoroughly grasping the objectives and significance of inspection and examination for cadres, civil servants and individuals participating in this activity: The objectives of the inspection are: (1) Monitoring activities of the private kindergartens to see if it is right, coherent with the functions, tasks and assignments among the units or not (2) Evaluating the effectiveness, ensuring that the assigned tasks are qualified for implementation, compatible with the realities, regulations and laws of the city on early childhood education At the same time, having timely instructions and adjustment to ensure the efficiency of education and training of preschools (3) Periodically checking the results, evaluating the actual effectiveness of the private preschools according to the proposed plan - Implementing and completing annual inspection and examination plans; allocating sufficient funds and forces to effectively deploy inspection and examination plans, at the same time ensuring adequate arrangement of reserved forces for unexpected inspections and examinations - Strengthening coordination and information exchange between the unit assigned to inspect and check public preschools and press agencies, citizens, socio-political organizations, and grassroot authorities Strengthening the monitoring, urging the implementation of recommendations and decisions on postinspection handling for non-public preschools, clarifying the reasons for the slow implementation or insufficient implementation to have recommendations and solutions - Building clean and strong inspectors who are capable of Object and scope of the research 2.1 Research object: The research object of the dissertation is the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city, including both public and non-public ECE 2.2 Research scope - Research object: Within the framework of the dissertation, the research object does not include groups of children in families and preschool institutions with foreign elements - Location: the study is conducted in Hanoi city - Time: The research focuses on the period from 2008 to present On August 1st, 2008, the administrative boundary of Hanoi city was expanded according to the Resolution No 15/2008/QH12 dated May 29th, 2008 of the XII National Assembly on regulating the administrative boundary of Hanoi city and related provinces This event not only changed the spatial administration scale of the Hanoi government, but also affected many areas of state management, including early childhood education Therefore, this is also an important milestone marking certain changes in the state management of ECE in Hanoi city - Content: The following content is studied: + Theoretical bases, theoretical framework for implementing State management research of early childhood education + Practical bases, actual fundamentals for assessing the State management of early childhood education in Hanoi city + Theoretical logic and feasibility of solutions to strengthening State management of early childhood education, especially in Hanoi city + The research focuses on state management of ECE with basic contents: 1) Formulating and promulgating the documentation system for State management of ECE; 2) Organizing the state management apparatus for ECE; 3) Building and developing cadres and civil servants working on state management of early childhood education; 4) Mobilizing and using state management resources for ECE; 5) Inspecting, examining and settling complaints and denunciations in State management of early childhood education Objectives, tasks of the research 3.1 Research objectives 22 Clarify the theoretical and practical issues of State management of ECE, assess the State management situation of ECE in Hanoi city and propose viewpoints and solutions to strengthen the State management of ECE in Hanoi City to improve the quality of education at preschool level 3.2 Research tasks The dissertation focuses on solving the following major research tasks: - The author conducts research on domestic and foreign studies related to early childhood education, state management of ECE, analyzes and points out the results that the thesis inherits, the contents that have not been mentioned or have been mentioned but have not been studied specifically and deeply and identifies the issues that need further research - Systematize and analyze the content on scientific basis of State management of early childhood education - Assess the current situation of State management of ECE in Hanoi city; point out the achievements and limitations, the reasons for the limitations in the State management of early childhood education - Propose solutions and recommendations to strengthen the State management of ECE in Hanoi city Research Methodology and Methods 4.1 Research methodology The doctotal thesis is bases on dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's ideology on education, State management of education; viewpoints of the Communist Party of Vietnam on education, early childhood education, State management of early childhood education; legal documents of the Government on education, early childhood education, State management of early childhood education The author references and inherits a number of research works by domestic and foreign scientists on early childhood education 4.2 Specific research methods The dissertation is completed based on a number of research methods such as analysis method, synthesis method; deductive method, induction method; Systematic method, comparison method; education The inspection and examination system can properly evaluate the decentralized contents, ensuring that the decentralization of early childhood educational management is implemented consistently and efficiently Fifth, improving the capacity of the officials working in state management of early childhood education Sixth, giving autonomy to the ECE institutions Renovating school management towards enhancing autonomy for schools Schools are empowered more in deciding issues related to their own activities and promoting the initiative and creativity of educational forces inside and outside the school 4.2.3 Improving the capacity of the staff in charge of state management of early childhood education Firstly, developing and implementing planning and plans for the development of the cadres and civil servants in charge of the state management of early childhood education Second, developing and executing policies to attract high-quality human resources, increase remuneration in the development of the cadres and civil servants in charge of state management of education in general and state management of early childhood education in particular Third, renewing the training and fostering of the cadres and civil servants working in state management of early childhood education Fourth, strengthening international cooperation, cooperate with the private sector to improve the quality of the cadres and civil servants working in state management of early childhood education 4.2.4 Strengthening socialization associated with ensuring the quality of early childhood education services Firstly, promoting propaganda, advocacy and providing information on the socialization of early childhood education Secondly, perfecting regulations on linking administrative procedures for all levels and branches to quickly resolve related tasks and work; Creating an open, transparent environment, standardizing processes and procedures to maximize resources to implement socialization in Hanoi city Thirdly, increasing training and attracting high-quality human resources 21 4.1.2 Development goals for early childhood education in Hanoi city for the period 2011 - 2020 4.2 Solutions to strengthen the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city 4.2.1 Continuing to improve the legal system for state management of early childhood education Firstly, the People's Committee of Hanoi City, the city Department of Education and Training should develop a specific and clear plan to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the policies and mechanisms on attracting social investment for educational socialization, developing public preschools, and policies for nonpublic ECE institutions in a 5-year and 10-year period The evaluation should focus on specific criteria in order to clarify the goal of effectiveness in state management activities and efficiency in practice Secondly, there should be provisions to create a dialogue channel, receive requests, and quickly handle applications for opening private preschools, especially those with foreign elements Thirdly, it should be clear and apparent in the effective implementation of ODA projects on development of education and training, attracting funding sources, and foreign loan projects to develop facilities and teaching equipment for all levels in general and for ECE in particular 4.2.2 Strengthening the management system, optimizing the decentralization of state management of early childhood education First, innovating thinking in state management decentralization of early childhood education Foremost, it is critical to realize the important role of management decentralization If the decentralization is carried out properly, scientifically, the operation will be smooth with good work results and clear responsibilities Second, building and completing legal documents, policies and institutions for education generally and early childhood education particularly Third, regulating a mechanism for coordination of activities in the state management apparatus of ECE and between the state management apparatus of ECE and other departments, sectors Fourth, perfecting the inspection and examination mechanism to ensure the decentralization of state management of early childhood In Chapter and Chapter 2, the dissertation uses the analysis synthesis and inductive methods to systematize the theoretical issues on State management of ECE Chapter uses statistical, comparison and analysis - synthesis methods for practical survey, analysis and assessment of the state management status of ECE in Hanoi city, presents the results, limitations, causes of limitations At the same time, the author of the doctoral thesis uses sociological survey method to collect relevant practical data and directly serve the research content; Compares, analyzes, and evaluates to clarify practical problems in the State management of early childhood education in Hanoi city In which, the total number of 500 survey sheets is divided into 03 groups of objects, particularly: survey includes 100 sheets for the group of cadres, civil servants and public employees working on state management of ECE in Ha city, including staffs under the Department of Education and Training, the Education and Training Divisions of the districts; Survey includes 200 sheets for a group of officials including principals, vice principals and teachers of kindergartens (collectively referred to as educational officials); Survey includes 200 sheets for parents of preschool students In Chapter documentary research, systematize, inductive and analysis methods are applied to clarify the most core contents in the system of viewpoints by the Communist Party of Vietnam on national education system innovation, complete the State management of early childhood education At the same time, analogy, inductive and analysis methods are used to build and clarify solutions to enhance State management for ECE in Hanoi in the current period Research questions and research assumptions 5.1 Research questions The research of the topic comes from the attempt to explain research questions related to the State management of ECE in Hanoi city Specifically: - To what extent are existing studies related to the topic? What research contents need to be clarified? - What is the scientific basis of state management of ECE? 20 - How is the current situation of state management of ECE in Hanoi city? What are the advantages, limitations, and causes of the limitations? - To strengthen the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city, what opinions and solutions should be based on? 5.2 Research assumptions - Assumption 1: Regarding early childhood education, there has been a number of research works at home and abroad about the State management of ECE, but in general, they are not really comprehensive, systematic, so many issues in State management of ECE from the theoretical and practical aspects have not been studied - Assumption 2: Researching State management of ECE needs to be based on the scientific basis of State management of ECE and also characteristics, roles, and factors affecting State management of ECE - Assumption 3: Besides the achievements, there are still many limitations and shortcomings in State management of ECE in Hanoi - Assumption 4: To strengthen the legal education in State management of ECE in Hanoi city, it is necessary to base on synchronous and comprehensive perspectives and solutions New contributions and significance of the research 6.1 New theoretical contributions The dissertation is the first scientific work that researches comprehensively the state management of ECE in theoretical aspect, in which the candidate has clarified the concept, characteristics and roles of the State management of ECE and the elements affecting State management of ECE The dissertation broadly evaluates the State management situation of ECE in Hanoi city The candidate has pointed out the achieved results, limitations, shortcomings, reasons of such limitations and shortcomings Synchronous and comprehensive viewpoints and solutions are proposed to enhance State management of ECE in Hanoi city 6.2 Practical implications and prospect of research results - With specific research results, the doctoral thesis can be used as reference in related studies; - The data in the dissertation can be used in the illustrative examples for teaching public management in general and the contents related to the State management of education at preschool level; The relatively large scale of early childhood education in Hanoi city has been putting considerable pressure on the state management activities to both meet the increasing demand in terms of quantity and quality of early childhood education, and to have a mechanisms in place for a number of specific types of preschool that have begun to separate, including public education, private education, high-quality education and international education cooperation From that practical requirement, the process of realizing education policies in Hanoi city through the activities of state management agencies on the contents according to the law results in certain achievements in the implementation of projects and programs to improve the quality of early childhood education, implementing the planning of a largescale preschool network system, actively promoting and managing material resources to ensure early childhood education, having plans in improving the quality of cadres and civil servants doing educational management in general and state management of ECE in particular However, the state management of ECE in Hanoi now still has some limitations and weaknesses in the development of mechanisms and policies, promulgation of management documents to create an institutional framework for the development of early childhood education, addressng requirements on education infrastructure, and requesting to improve the quality of education; inspection and examination have not brought into play its role as a stage in the management cycle, the handling of conclusions after inspection and examination has not been thorough, leading to some violations which are slow to be resolved These limitations require overall and comprehensive solutions to strengthen state management of early childhood education in the Capital area 19 Chapter STRENGTHENING STATE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN HANOI CITY 4.1 Viewpoints and goals of enhancing state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city 4.1.1 Viewpoints Fifth, although there are changes in awareness of educational socialization, many educational managers and a large part of the people still have limitations, not recognize the role of the economic and social sectors in participating in educational activities, also prejudice against non-public education The limitations and weaknesses in state management of ECE in Hanoi over the past time are derived from the following reasons: Firstly, the legal documents on early childhood education are not systematic, there is a lack of a regulatory sub-system for ECE, especially there is no classification of management subjects between the public and non-public sectors while ensuring equality among all ECE institutions Secondly, the state management apparatus of ECE is relatively small in scale compared to the workload that requires resolution Thirdly, it has not brought into full play the supervision role of citizens, has not exploited well the mechanism of receiving opinions, recommendations and feedback from citizens and organizations Fourthly, the inspection, examination and authority to handle the weaknesses discovered after the inspection are often done by different management agencies such as the City People's Committee, the Department of Education and Training, and the District People's Committee depending on the extent of the violation and the competence of the authorities Therefore, many mistakes are late to be handled Fifthly, in information work, there is currently no specific regulation on the responsibilities of preschool management levels in building information systems and collecting information on management of early childhood education Sixthly, in financial management, the budget formulation and approval process also causes difficulties for the education and training sector Seventhly, due to insufficient awareness in which socialization of education is only considered as a measure to mobilize the people's contribution in the context of a limited state budget The thought and habit of subsidizing are still quite heavy - The analysis and assessment on current situation and proposed specific solutions in the dissertation are worth as reference for the State management agency of early childhood education in Hanoi city Structure of the dissertation The dissertation is structured as following: In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of tables, list of abbreviations, publications and references, content of the dissertation is divided into chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: The scientific basis of State management of early childhood education Chapter 3: The current situation of State management of early childhood education in Hanoi city Chapter 4: Solutions to strengthen the State management of early childhood education in Hanoi city CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 18 Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Studies on early childhood education 1.1.1 Foreign studies 1.1.2 Domestic studies 1.2 Studies on educational management, state management of education Pham T.H 2011 Managing non-public high schools in Vietnam in the current period, Doctoral thesis in Educational management Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Hanoi; Pham X.T 2012 The process of educational development in Hanoi from 1986 to 2008 Doctoral thesis in History Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Hanoi; Phung T.P.L 2016 State Administration of Upper Secondary Education in the Northern Mountainous Ethnic Minority Area Doctoral Thesis in Public Administration Management National Academy of Public Administration Hanoi; Vu N.H 2011 Fundamental and comprehensive reform of state management of education Scientific Workshop Topic B 2010-86CT Summary Record No 01; Pham V.D 2012 Provincial State Management of Foreign Elemental Educational Institutions Doctoral Thesis in Educational management University of Education – Vietnam National University, Hanoi; Vu L.H 2009 Research on model of educational management at district level towards enhancing efficiency of state management Doctoral thesis in educational management Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Hanoi; Dang Q.B 2001 Research on State management of education, Summary Record of the Scientific Workshop “Research on scientific basis and practice of solutions for state management of education and training in the context of a socialist-oriented market economy” Hanoi; 1.3 Studies on management of early childhood education, State management of early childhood education By the end of the school year 2018 - 2019, 1,098/1,145 ECE establishments in Hanoi city completed the self-assessment, reaching 96% (the remaining 4% did not carry out the assessment because they were newly established and did not have enough time as prescribed), of which 509 schools were accredited outside, occupying 45% The accreditation results showed that 158 schools achieved level 3, 104 schools achieved level 2, 246 schools achieved level 1, and 01 school failed 3.4 Evaluation of state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city 3.4.1 Achievements and causes Firstly, the authorities at all levels in Hanoi city have basically and synchronously executed legal documents in the field of state management of education and training in general and early childhood education in particular Secondly, the state management apparatus of ECE is organized in accordance with the legal provisions on the organization of the state apparatus, on the staffing of cadres, civil servants and officials in order to perform specific management functions and tasks Thirdly, the mobilization of resources for investment and development of ECE has achieved relatively high efficiency, the use and management of investment funds, especially socialization of ECE, have been initially effectively implemented Fourthly, the inspection and examination of law observance in the field of ECE are carried out regularly, continuously and proactively, ensuring the legality in state management 3.4.2 Limitations and reasons First, some programs and plans identify too high targets that reduce the feasibility in the implementation process Second, the quality control of kindergartens, especially private preschools in urban areas and downtown districts is weak Third, the problem of overcrowding of preschools has not been effectively resolved: In the face of urbanization speed, the mechanical population has increased rapidly while the almost unchanged number of schools has "pushed" the children's learning in some urban areas in Hanoi city very difficult Fourth, the quality of the inspection and examination of preschool institutions still limited 17 Second, the fund sources subsidized and supplemented from the state budget, including the regular subsidy budget and the targeted investment budget Third, socialized fund sources in various forms and through different mobilization methods, including voluntary revenues, targeted program funding, in-kind contributions, etc 3.3.4 Inspection and examination in the state management of early childhood education Results of inspecting the observance of legal regulations by independent private preschools, kindergartens, and nurseries in Hanoi from 2015 to the present show that the quality of facilities in many places is not ensured In fact, despite the large number of kindergartens, Hanoi still lacks kindergartens Many kindergartens are in a state of overcrowding 559 nurseries, kindergarten classes in the whole city exceed the number of children/ class as prescribed [94] Since 2013, the Department of Education and Training has had mission groups to inspect the revenue and expenditure at the beginning of the year to public educational establishments in the city; request the units to stop collecting, or return if the collection is not in accordance with regulations The inspection groups of 30 Education and Training Divisions have examined 663 schools of levels During the inspection process, the groups have detected and requested to stop the collection for procurement of projectors, air conditioners, repairing of parking lots, allowances for tarpaulin, teaching, documents In the school year 2017-2018 only, the Department inspected, detected and requested nearly 20 units to stop collecting other improper revenues such as Chu Phan Kindergarten, Thanh Lam Primary School (Me Linh), Kindergarten A - Van Phuc Commune (Thanh Tri) With low proportion of teachers and staff who are paid social insurance premiums, at 22.6% only, so the team is not stable Postlicensing inspection is still very limited, in which the propaganda, dissemination and public announcement on the mass media is not done well enough about the licensed and unlicensed establishments in the city area for parents to choose schools and classes Commune and ward officials often hold multiple jobs, resulting in limited management and understanding of the institutions’ operation Pham T.C., Tran T.S 2006 Some issues in management of early school education Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi; Pham T.L 2010 Managing, developing preschool teachers' competencies by approaching vocational skills to meet the requirements of innovation in early childhood education Doctoral thesis in Educational Management, University of Education – Vietnam National University, Hanoi; Nguyen T.T 2009 Measures to improve the training quality of early childhood education officials Doctoral thesis in Education Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Hanoi; Le T.T.B 2016 Managing quality of child care and education in private kindergartens in Ho Chi Minh City Doctoral Thesis in Education Science Vinh University; Nguyen M.N 2017 Communication skills of preschool teachers with older preschoolers PhD thesis in Psychology, Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi; Nguyen T.B.M 2017 Developing preschool teachers to meet the requirements of universalizing early childhood education for 5-yearold children in the Central Highlands provinces Doctoral thesis in educational management Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Hanoi 1.4 Evaluation of reviewed studies and the next research direction of the dissertation 1.4.1 Achievements of available studies - Theoretical contents on education, early childhood education, state management of education - The political views and directions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of education have been systematized and analyzed 1.4.2 The contents needing further clarification First, clarify the theoretical basis of the state management of early childhood education Second, investigate and collect data and indicators related to early childhood education in Hanoi in recent years to clarify the practice of state management of ECE in the researched area 16 Third, propose solutions to complete the state management of preschool education associated with the practical conditions of Hanoi city CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Early childhood education is the first level of education in the national education system, which nurtures and develops children from about months to years old, with the aim of helping children develop mentally, physiologically, physically, be equipped with the essential elements of personality and skills before they enter higher levels of education Early childhood education contributes to the physical and intellectual development at nursery ages that are considered hope and future of the country State management of ECE contributes to improving the quality of early childhood education, helping children comprehensively develop both physically and intellectually In the literature review, the author has studied both domestic and foreign scientific works related to the topic by main groups such as: Group of research works on early childhood education; Group of research works on educational management, state management of education; Group of research works on management of ECE, state management of ECE Through general survey of researches on education, early childhood education, state management of education and early childhood education, it can be seen that a relatively rich number of domestic and foreign studies approach the issue in various angles In which, there are relatively plenty and abundant researches on education in general However, regarding state management of education and early childhood education, the number of researches is still rather small and the contents is just at the general level, not focusing on specific details In particular, there are no large-scale studies on the state management of ECE in Hanoi city The lack of researches for a typical area as the Capital of the country creates a gap that the candidate needs to clarify in the dissertation 10 Education and Training The functions and tasks of the ECE Division are regulated by the Director of the Department of Education and Training, but in fact there has not been a separate decision on its official functions and tasks The 2012 Capital Law that stipulates basic contents in the areas of state management in a particular area such as Hanoi Capital has mentioned education and training development in Article 12 of which Early childhood education is mentioned directly in Clauses 1, and The introduction of the 2012 Capital Law has enhanced the jurisdiction of state management in areas including ECE in Hanoi city 3.3.2 Organization of the apparatus and building staff for the state management of early childhood education The apparatus of the state management of early childhood education in Hanoi consists of many subjects from the city level to the commune level In particular, the People's Committee of Hanoi City is the general authority to perform unified management of all areas of social life, including the state management of education in general and state management of early childhood education in particular The Hanoi Department of Education and Training provides advices and assistance to the City People's Committee in the implementation and promulgation of legal documents on management of early childhood education This agency also plays an important role among the agencies and units of the Education sector of the City In districts, towns, the State management of ECE is assigned to the specialized agencies such as the Education and Training Divisions that are directly under the People's Committees of districts and towns ECE institutions such as Independent private kindergartens, nurseries will be under the state management of the communal People's Committee 3.3.3 Mobilization and use of resources for the state management of early childhood education First, the autonomous funding sources of ECE institutions 15 Public No School year Non-public Schools Class groups Children Schools Class groups Children 2008 - 2009 557 7,234 285,606 125 489 24,829 2014 - 2015 707 10,315 390,795 260 6,345 102,515 11 2018 - 2019 776 14,761 401,959 369 8,318 182,241 (Source: The Author compiled from school year summary reports of Hanoi Department of Education and Training 2019) 3.2.2 Quality of early childhood education in Hanoi city According to data issued by the state management agency of early childhood education in Hanoi city on the qualifications of public preschool teachers in the school year 2016-2017, there are 100% of teachers with professional qualifications from intermediate or higher level, of which 5% of them obtain master's degree, 57% have university degrees, 26% have college degrees and 12% have intermediate degrees and are continuing to participate in training and fostering to improve their professional qualifications to higher levels By the end of May 2019, in Hanoi city, there were 438 public preschools meeting national standards, accounting for 56.3% of the total number of public preschools and 20 non-public kindergartens are of national standards Thus, the total number of national standard schools is 458, accounting for 40% of the total number of kindergartens throughout the city 3.3 Results of state management of early childhood education in Hanoi city today 3.3.1 Promulgation and implementation of legal documents, early childhood education programs and plans The People's Committee of Hanoi City has issued Decision No 27/2014/QD-UBND dated July 17th, 2014 defining the functions, tasks, powers, organizational structure and personnel of the Hanoi Department of Education and Training (replacing Decision No 60/2008/QD-UBND dated December 24th, 2008 of the People's Committee of Hanoi City defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of Hanoi Department of Education and Training), in which it is regulated that the Early childhood education Division is a professional agency directly under the Department of 14 Chapter SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION 2.1 Concept of State management of early childhood education 2.1.1 Early childhood education is a part of education 2.1.1.1 Education concept 2.1.1.2 Education system concept 2.1.1.3 Early childhood education concept Early childhood education is the first level of education in the national education system that nurtures and developes children from about months to years old with the aim of helping children develop mentally, physiologically, physically, be equipped with the essential elements of personality and skills before they access higher levels of education 2.1.2 State management of education Concept State management of education is the organized and regulated impact by the state power, on the legal basis of educational activities, carried out by competent state authorities from the central to the grassroots to perform functions and tasks prescribed by law to develop the cause of education, maintain order and discipline, satisfy the needs for learning and improve learners' knowledge and skills and implement the State's educational goals to meet the country's needs for socio-economic development 2.1.3 Concept, roles of State management of early childhood education 2.1.3.1 Concept of State management of early childhood education State management of early childhood education is an organized and regulated impact by the state power, on the legal basis of early childhood education activities, carried out by competent state authorities from the central to the grassroots to perform functions and tasks prescribed by law to develop the cause of early childhood education, manage physical nurturing and development, shape personality, foster basic ethical qualities for preschoolers 2.1.3.2 Roles of state management of early childhood education 11 Firstly, State management realizes the goals and strategies on ECE Secondly, State management contributes greatly to the achievement of ECE goals Thirdly, State management maintains and promotes education and ECE to have oriented development Fourthly, State management ensures the provision of early childhood education services to the entire society 2.2 Content of State management of early childhood education - Develop and issue a documentation system for state management of ECE - Organize the apparatus of State management of ECE - Build and develop a team of cadres and civil servants working on state management of ECE - Mobilize resources to develop early childhood education - Inspect, examine and settle complaints and denunciations in the state management of early childhood education 2.3 Factors affecting state management of early childhood education 2.4 Experience in state management of early childhood education in localities in the nation and other countries around the world CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Early childhood education is the beginning stage of the education process in which students are shaped personality and characters, so it plays a very important role not only for higher levels of education but also for the whole process of building and developing people Therefore, as a special power institution with the function of serving the common interests of society, the State must conduct the management of early childhood education This is a particular field of state management with its own management object and methods, with access to its specific scientific basis, which specifies the contents of: (1) building, promulgatng institutions on state management of early childhood education; (2) organizing the apparatus of state management of ECE; (3) organizing a team of civil servants and public employees working in the state management of 12 early childhood education and training and fostering teachers; (4) mobilizing and using resources for state management of ECE; and, (5) inspecting, examining and settling complaints and denunciations in the state management of early childhood education Chapter also points out factors affecting state management of ECE, clarifies the advantages and disadvantages that these factors create in order to have appropriate solutions to promote the advantages and overcome the disadvantages In addition, the study also researches the experience in state management of early childhood education in some localities in the country such as Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang and other countries such as Japan, Korea and countries in Southeast Asia All of the above contents are the basis for analyzing and evaluating the current status of ECE in Hanoi to propose solutions to enhance the state management of ECE in the Capital Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN HANOI CITY 3.1 Overview of economic and social conditions of Hanoi city that affect the state management of early childhood education 3.1.1 Advantages 3.1.2 Difficulties, challenges 3.2 Overview of early childhood education in Hanoi city at the present 3.2.1 Scale of early childhood education system from 2008 to the present The educational scale of the ECE system in Hanoi city is mentioned and analyzed based on the criteria such as the number of preschools, kindergartens, nurseries, and groups of independent preschools (generally called as ECE institutions) and the number of children cared for and raised in the ECE institutions Table 3.1: Total number of ECE institutions and number of children in ECE institutions in Hanoi city from 2008 to the present 13 ... resources and foster talents The Government prioritizes investment and attraction of other investment sources in education; pays attention to education of all levels; step by step universalizes the... and direction of the Party Committees at all levels, while enhancing the supervision of People's Councils, the direction and administration of the People's Committees at all levels, the responsibility... Committee of Hanoi City, the city Department of Education and Training should develop a specific and clear plan to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the policies and mechanisms on attracting
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