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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TO TRONG MANH IMPLEMENTING NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN VIETNAM TODAY Major: Public policy Code: 9.34.04.02 THE SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS IN PUBLIC POLICY Ha Noi – 2020 The thesis is completed at: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Full names of supervisors: The first supervisor: Prof.Dr Đang Nguyen Anh The second supervisor: Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Bui Quang Tuan Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Huu Hai Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Manh Hung The thesis will be defended in front of the Academy-level Council of dissertation assessment at: At ., date .month… year Thesis can be found at the library: INTRODUCTION The rationale of the research The trend of integration and the era of technology 4.0 poses extremely high requirements for Vietnam's economy in all fields, of which the agricultural and rural sectors are facing the most challenges After the sixth National Congress of the Communist Party (1986), Vietnam entered the reform process; the economy was operated under the socialist-oriented market economy mechanism and has stepped towards a deeper economic integration The market economy and integration have not only many advantages but also several limitations and shortcomings Facing the above situation, Vietnam's Communist Party and State have had many guidelines and solutions to limit the negative impacts of the market economy and international integration Implementing the Resolution 7, Session X on "Agriculture, farmers and rural areas", the Prime Minister issued Decision No 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009 on "Criteria set for new-style rural areas" and Decision No 800/QD-TTg dated April 6, 2010 on "The National Target Programme on New Rural Development", creating a legal and unified basis for directing the implementation of the policies on the new rural development over the country The effective implementation of the policies on new rural development plays an important role in rural areas where people live mainly on agriculture Especially in Vietnam, an agricultural country with 64% of the population living in rural areas, the agricultural and rural development has been getting the top concern of all levels, sectors and has a decisive contribution to the economic, political and social stability of the country In fact, the current implementation of the policy on new rural development in our country still had some difficulties and shortcomings Therefore, it is necessary to have theoretical studies to synthesize, assess practice, and find suitable solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on new rural development in rural areas over the country to open up a new prospect on the process of building a better living environment for the residential community From the above reasons and through experience from practice, the author chooses the issue "Implementing new rural development policies in Vietnam today" as the thesis topic Aims and objectives of the research 2.1 Aims The thesis aimed to clarify the theoretical and practical issues about the organization and implementation of the policies on new rural development, and then propose a system of solutions to improve the implementation of the policies on new rural development in Vietnam today 2.2 Objectives - To overview typical scientific works related to the thesis topic; - To systematize and clarify the theoretical basis for the implementation of the policies on new rural development; - To analyze and assess the current status of the implementation of the policies on new rural development in Vietnam today; clarify the achieved results, limitations, causes; and draw lessons learned; - To forecast the impact context, identify goals and orientations, and propose a system of solutions to improve the implementation of the policy on new rural development in Vietnam in the coming time Research Hypotheses The study clearly shows influencing factors and shortcomings that have been directly affecting the results of the implementation of new rural development Researching and proposing reasonable solutions will overcome weaknesses and complete the process of implementing policies on new rural development in Vietnam today Moreover, the thesis would seek experience lessons from the implementation of new rural development policies of some countries around the world, thereby helping localities and regions in Vietnam have orientation and flexibly use their new rural development criteria and model in the next stage Subject and scope of the research 4.1 Subject of the research The research subject of the thesis is the implementation of new rural development policies in Vietnam today 4.2 Scope of the research - Content: The thesis focuses on the process of implementing new rural development policies according to the public policy process - Space: Research on the process of implementing new rural development policies all over the country of Vietnam - Time: The thesis researches on the implementation of policies on new rural development mainly from 2010 to 2019 The proposed views and solutions are for the implementation up to 2025 Research methodology To this thesis, the author combined such research methods as methods of collecting and processing information, methods of analysis – synthesis, comparative method, method of statistics and practical review; methods of sociological investigation New scientific contributions of the thesis - In theory: The thesis contributes to systematizing and building a theoretical framework on public policies, on the implementation of new rural development policies in Vietnam today; Affirming that the implementation of the new rural development policies plays an important role and is an urgent requirement in our country today; Inheriting and developing experience in implementing new rural development policies - In practice: Detecting and pointing out the actual situation of the implementation of new rural development; Identifying the influencing factors, shortcomings and causes, from which lessons learned in implementing the policies on new rural development are drawn; Pointing out the context, orientation and proposing a system of feasible solutions to improve the implementation of the policies on new rural development in Vietnam until 2025 The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 7.1 Theoretical significance: The thesis research results contribute to building theoretical frameworks and methods of analysis and evaluation of public policies, providing scientific arguments for the implementation of new rural development policies 7.2 Practical significance: The thesis contributes to improving capacity, effectiveness, and efficiency of the implementation of the policies on new rural development in the coming time; Advising in public policy making The thesis can be used as a reference in learning, research and teaching about the process of implementing public policies and new rural development policies Thesis structure In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, list of the author's published works related to the thesis topic and appendix, the thesis structure is divided into chapters: Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Public policy studies 1.1.1 Foreign studies The thesis reviewed a lot of research related to the topic Studies on the concept of public policies include Michael Howlett and M Ramesh’s Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems [200]; J Anderson’s Planning for public policies [197]; H.D Laswell’s The Policy Science [195] and F Morstein Marx’s The Social Functionwere differences among regions The highest level of meeting the standards of 19 criteria/commune belong to the Red River Delta with 18.28%; followed by the Southeast with 17.16% Some regions got similar proportions, including North Central Coast with 15.80%, Mekong River Delta with 15.43% and South Central Coast with 15.21% The lowest level belonged to the Northern Mountainous Area with 12.28% and the Central Highlands with 13.71% Table 3.2 Level of meeting the standards of each criterion of the whole country (up to June 2019) Content Northern The mountainous country area Red River Delta North Central Coast South Mekong Central SouthCentral River Highlands east Coast Delta Total number of communes 8,914 2,280 1,889 1,585 825 599 450 1,286 Average criteria / commune 15.26 12.28 18.28 15.80 15.21 13.71 17.16 15.43 Source: Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development However, it can be seen in Figure 3.5 that the performance results in different regions of the country had large disparities While the number of average criteria per commune in the Red River Delta 18 was 18.28 criteria/commune (with 82.74% of communes meeting the standards), the Southeast got 17.16 criteria/commune (with 70.00% of communes meeting the standards), the Northern Mountainous Area only achieved 12.28 average criteria/commune (only 26.45% of communes meeting the standards), the Central Highlands got 13.72 criteria/commune (with 37.73% of communes meeting the standards) Figure 3.5 Level of meeting new rural standards of regions over the country (up to June 2019) Source: Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 3.3.2 Results of capital mobilization and debt settlement in basic construction of new-style rural areas 3.3.2.1 Guiding and directing the implementation of the capital plan in 2019 3.3.2.2 Results of resource mobilization for the implementation of the new rural development policies in 2019 According to reports of localities, by the end of the second quarter of 2019, the whole country mobilized about 368,256 billion VND from all resources to invest in the implementation of policies (increase of 14.32% compared to 2018), of which, State budget 19 capital allocated directly for the policies was about 57,899.5 billion VND, specifically: Central budget support capital was 13,733 billion VND (investment capital: 10,000 billion VND, non-business capital: 3,733 billion VND) The counterpart fund from the local budget that had been arranged for the implementation of the policies by the end of June 2017 was about 44,166.5 billion VND, of which 50 provinces received support from the central budget and Quang Ngai province arranged about 26,276 VND billion (almost times higher than the assigned central budget capital) 3.3.3 Results of the implementation of the national criteria set of new-style rural development The national average reached 14.18% of the criteria/ commune, in which there were some outstanding results as follows: 3.3.3.1 Socio-economic infrastructure development The rural socio-economic infrastructure continued to be focused on building and upgrading by localities, contributing to changing the appearance of the rural areas and basically completing essential works to meet the requirements of production development and improvement of people’s life As reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the whole country had 5,683 communes (63.8%) meeting the transport criterion (growing up 3.7% from 2018 and 8.8% higher than the 5-year target for 2016-2020 period); 8,089 communes (90.75%) meeting the irrigation criterion (increasing 2.9% compared to 2018 and exceeded 13.7% compared with the 5-year target for the 2016-2020 period); 8,027 communes (90.0%) meeting the criterion of Electricity (an increase of 1.0% compared to 2018); 5,602 communes (62.8%) meeting the school criterion (increasing 2.9% compared to 2018); 5,378 communes (60.3%) meeting the criteria of cultural infrastructure (an increase of 3.7% compared to 2018); 7,624 communes (85.5%) meeting the 20 criteria of rural trade infrastructure (an increase of 2.7% compared to 2018 and 15.5% higher than the 5-year target for the 2016-2020 period); 8,001 communes (89.8%) meeting the criteria of information and communication (an increase of 1.4% compared to 2018); 6,737 communes (75.6%) meeting the criteria for residential housing (an increase of 1.6% compared to 2018) 3.3.3.2 Production development, livelihood creation and income improvement for rural people The whole country had 5,998 communes (67.3%) meeting the criteria of income (an increase of 2.4% compared to 2018); 6,014 communes (67.5%) meeting the criteria for the rate of poor households (an increase of 5.1% compared to 2018, 7.5% higher than the 5-year target for the 2016-2020 period); 8,705 communes (97.7%) meeting the criteria for employed laborers (an increase of 1.6% compared to 2018 and 17.7% higher than the 5-year target for the 2016-2020 period); 7,015 communes (78.7%) meeting the production organization criteria (an increase of 3.5% compared to 2018); 3.3.3.3 Rural socio-culture and environment improvement The work of protecting the rural environment made a big breakthrough, especially the problem of treating residential waste and improving the green - clean - beautiful landscape in rural areas There were 3,210 communes and 19,500 villages having domestic wastewater drainage systems (accounting for 35.8% of the total number of communes and 24.4% of the total number of villages) The rate of communes conducting domestic waste collection increased from 44.1% in 2011 to 63.5% in 2018; The proportion of villages that collected domestic waste increased from 25.8% to 47.3% Some localities (such as Hanoi, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, An Giang ) were piloting large field models without using plant protection drugs The rate of communes having plant protection drug collection places 24 4.1.3 Targets for implementing new rural development in the next period (2021-2025) New rural development have to be associated with local and regional characteristics; New rural development should aim towards sustainable rural development; New rural development should ensure grassroots democracy, promote the role of farmers; New rural development need to be appropriate to the practical situation of the country and of each region 4.2 A system of solutions to improve the efficiency of policy implementation on new rural development in Vietnam Based on analyzing, assessing the current situation, finding out the causes, as well as forecasting the context and orientation in the implementation of new rural development in the next stage; the author proposes a system of solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on new rural development in Vietnam until 2025, specifically as follows 4.3.1 Solutions for mechanisms and policies 4.3.2 Solutions for planning and directing policy implementation 4.3.3 Solutions for dissemination and propaganda 4.3.4 Solutions for the assignment and coordination to implement the new rural development policies 4.3.5 Solutions for capital mobilization and usage 4.3.6 Solutions for promoting the resources, strengths and potentials of regions and localities 4.3.7 Solutions for promoting the participation of sectors, socio-political organizations and people in the implementation of the new rural development policies 4.3.8 Solutions for promoting and improving the quality of supervision and evaluation of the implementation of the new rural development policies 25 4.3.9 Solutions for perfecting the criteria in new rural development 4.3.10 Solutions for the training and retraining of cadres and civil servants serving the implementation of the new rural development policies 4.3.11 Solutions for enhancing international integration and cooperation in the implementation of a new rural development policies Summary of chapter CONCLUSION Agricultural and rural development policies were carried out by the State to maximize the welfare of society and aimed to stimulate rapid economic growth in parallel with positive poverty reduction in rural areas The new rural development polices were issued to realize that role and task New rural development is the overall, comprehensive and long-term socio-economic development Policy implementation not only changes the appearance of rural areas, but also changes the perception of people so that they can actively participate in the process of new-style rural development The localities paid more attention and focused on directing the implementation of key and pressing contents in the area and had many flexible mechanisms and policies to mobilize resources for the implementation of the program Thanks to that, the speed of reaching the criteria of the communes increased markedly It can be said that the process of implementing the policies on new rural development got relatively comprehensive achievements In addition to the achieved results, the implementation of the policies on new rural development still had many problems that need to be resolved Therefore, with the thesis titled "Implementing new rural development policies in Vietnam today", the author studied the 26 scientific basis of theory and practice; analyzed, evaluated, and explained the achieved results, the limitations and the reasons in the policy implementation process Based on that, the author suggested solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on new rural development in Vietnam in the coming years, towards achieving the ultimate goals of new-style rural areas In particular, the socio-economic infrastructure will be developed; the rural environment will be improved; the production will be developed, which enhances people's income; cultural life will be improved, security and order will be guaranteed; grassroots democracy will be promoted; There will be many good models and practices; many model residential areas, communes and districts will meet new-style rural standards and continue to strive to become model new-style rural areas in the next period LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS “Evaluate the effectiveness of new rural development policies in Vietnam today: an approach from public policy evaluation”, Asia Pacific Economic Review, June 2018, pp 11-12 “Promote the implementation of new rural development policies in Vietnam”, State Management Review, No 273, October 2018, pp 57-60 “People: an important factor in the implementation of new rural development policies”, Asia Pacific Economic Review, No 543, June 2019, pp 28-30 “Enhance the propaganda in the implementation of new rural development policies”, Asia Pacific Economic Review, June 2020, pp 40-42 ... thesis is completed at: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Full names of supervisors: The first supervisor: Prof.Dr Đang Nguyen Anh The second supervisor: Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Reviewer 1: Assoc... requirements for Vietnam's economy in all fields, of which the agricultural and rural sectors are facing the most challenges After the sixth National Congress of the Communist Party (1986), Vietnam entered... areas", the Prime Minister issued Decision No 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009 on "Criteria set for new-style rural areas" and Decision No 800/QD-TTg dated April 6, 2010 on "The National Target Programme
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