Hướng dẫn giải bài tập ngữ pháp tiếng anh phần 2

E X E R C IS E S Dien v a o c h o t r o n g vdi c a c m a o tif th ic h hofp neu c a n th ie t I Jason’s father bought h im .bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday Statue of Liberty was a g if t of friendship from .France t o United States Rita is stu d y in g English a n d Math this semester judge a s k e d witness to t e l l truth Please give me cup of coffee with cream a n d sugar £> big books o n table are for my history class No one i n Spanish class knew correct answer t o Mrs Brown’s question M y .car is four years old, and it still runs well When you go to store, please buy bottle of chocolate milk a n d dozen oranges 10 There are only few seats left for tonight’s musical show a t .university II John and Mary went to school yesterday and then studied i n library before returning home 12 Lake Erie is one of five Great Lakes in North America 13 On our trip t o Spam, we crossed Atlantic Ocean 14 M ount Rushm ore is the site of magnificent tribute t o four great American presidents 15 What did you eat f o r .breakfast this morning0 203 16 David played basket ball and baseball at Boy’s club this year 17 Rita p la y s .violin and her sister p la y s guitar 18 While we were in Alaska, we saw Eskimo village 19 Tom can’t go t o movies tonight because he has to write essay 20 David a tte n d e d Princeton University 21 Harry has been adm itted to School of Medicine at mid western University 22 Mel’s grandm other is in hospital, so we went to visit h e r .last night .'2 political science class.is t a k in g trip t o France i n : Spring 24 Queen Elizabeth II is monarch of Great Britain 25 Scientists sent expedition to Mars during 1990s 26 Last night there w a s bird singing outside my house chair that you are sitting in is broken Civil W ar was fought in United States between 1861 and 1865 Florida State University is smaller than University of Florida 30 There w a s .knock o n door I opened it and found small dark man m blue overcoat and woolen cap 31 Do you k n o w time? 204 Y e s , clock i n hall just struck nine Then it isn’t time to go yet ;32 b su i,:n g t o teacher is useful for all of us i33 Most o f students working i n garden are tired 34 He works a s .assistant in same shop as I 35 Do you think I should go t o .police? 36 To prevent possible repetition of this accident, I lent h im .torch 37 Most farmers working hard on their land almost get nothing for their lifetime 38 Do you s e e man standing n e a r .door told you a b o u t burglary that we had a t shop, did n’t I? 40 practising English everyday of all the students in our class is very necessary 205 V/ CLAUSES AND PHRASES (CAC MENH DE VA CUM TU ) A -C O N D IT IO N A L S E N T E N C E S CAU DIEU KIEN Cau dieu kien co hai menh de, mot menh de phu [dependent clause) bat dau bang if va mot menh de chi'nh (main clause) R eal c o n d it io n a l s e n te n c e s (ca u d ie u k ie n c o that) a -F u tu re p o s s ib le (c o th e xa y d tu’cfng lai) I f + S + V ( s i n i p le p r e s e n t ) -f S + W i l l / C a n/ M a y / M u s t + V (i u s i m p l e *onnl_ Ex: have the money, I will buy a new car have time, I will go my headache disappears, we can play tennis If I If I If b -H a b itu a l ( th o i q u e n ) ; I f + S + V ( s im p le p r e s e n t) + S + V (s im p 1e p r e se n t) Ex: Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients.in the hopital in the afternoon c -C o m m a n d ( c a u m e n h len h , y e u ca u ) I f + S + V (s im p le p r e s e n t) + C o m m a n d fo r m Ex: If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear from Ann 206 2" Prensent unreal conditional sentences (cau dieu kien khong co that d hien tai) I f ♦ S -f V ( s i m p le p a s t ) t S t W o u l d / C o u l d / M i g h t + V ( i u s i m p l e f o r m ) ] Trong menh de phu neu co to b e thi dung w e r e cho tat ca cac ngoi Ex: If I had time, I would so to the beach with you this wpekend If she didn't speak so quickly, I could understand her I could go out tonight if I didn't have to study If were rich, I would travel around the world She would tell you about it if she were here If today were Saturday, I could so to the beach 3- Past unreal conditional sentences ( cau dieu kien khong co that of qua khtf) If + S + V (past perfect) + S + W ould/ Could/ Might + IlaveH + Past Participle _ Ex: If I hadn't lost my way , I would have arrived sooner Ann would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter *Note: Co the dung ph6p dao nguf P re se n t u n re a l conditional sentences neu co w e r e va past u n re a l conditional sentences Ex: If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house -> Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house *Menh de dieu kien co the diing trUdc hoac sau menh de ehinh • 207 4- Trong menh de dieu kien, ta co the thay lien td “ IF hang “ UNLESS” (neu khong, trd phi) Unless tddng difofng vdi “ IF NOT” Ex: + If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam -> Unless you study hard, you’ll fail in the exam + If she doesn't water these trees, they will die —> Unless she waters these trees, they will die *Khi ta doi mot cau dieu kien vdi td noi “ IF'” sang “ UNLESS”, nhd ltfu y trddng hdp menh de “ IP ’ d the khang dinh khong ddcfc doi sang the phu dinh dung UNLESS ma phai doi menh de chinh sang the ngddc lai Ex: • If I have time, I’ll help you -> Unless I have time, I won’t help you • If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster —> Unless we had more ram, our crops wouldn’t grow faster • If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d build a school for the poor —> Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t build a school for the poor * Ta co the rut gon lai cong thiic sau : I F -C L A U S E -> UNLESS The phu djnh —> khang dinh ( menh de chinh khong doi) _ f y ^ The khang dinh —> khang dinh ( doi dong td _ menh de chinh sang the ngUdc lai) , 5- Ta cung co the dien ta cau dieu kien ma khong can dung IF hay UNLESS bang cach dao chu nguf sau dong td W ERE hoac HAD (trong loai 3) Ldu y khong ddcfc lam vdi dong td khac 208 Ex: • If they were stronger, they could lift the table -> Were they stronger, they could lift the table • If h&had studied hard, he would have passed his exam -> Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam 6- Provided (that), On condition (that), As long as, so long as (mien la, vdi dieu kien la); Suppose, supposing (gia svif nhtf), In case (trongtrifcfng hcfp), Even if (ngay ca khi, du cho) co the dung thay cho If cau dieu kien Ex: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise 7-AS IF va AS THOUGH *Chi hanh dong co the xay of hien tai Subject + verb (present) + As if/ As though + Subject + verb (present) _ Ex: Do you hear that music next door? It sounds as if they are having a party *Chi hanh dong hay sii kien khong co that hien ta i Subject + verb ( p -s>ent) + As if7As though + Subject + verb ( past) _ Ex: • Ann walks as if she studied modeling • He acts as though he were rich ■ The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter *Chi hanh dong hay sii kien khong co that of qua khuf Subject + verb (past) + As iff As though + Subject + verb (past perfect) Ex: 209 • • • Barbara looked as if she had seen a ehost Ann talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize John looked as though he had run ten miles DM SRCISES I- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses: w V 'l You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly If I ,t (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If y o u (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat He could get a job easily if he .( have ) a degree I shouldn’t have believed it if I ( not see) it with my own eyes (l ' Henry talks to his dog as if i t (understand) him If they had left the house earlier, th e y ,T(not, be) so late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage If I finish the dress before Saturday, I (give) it to my sister for her birthday If I had seen the movie, I .(tell) you about it last night 10 If you (be) a millionaire, how would you spend your time? Ji> / 11 If John paid his debts, people (respect) him more 12 If I 7.’.: (own) an automobile, I would take a trip to California 13 If she (work) harder, she would probably get a better salary 14 If I .(find) the book, I shall give it to you 15 If you (turn) out the light, we shall be in the dark 210 16 If you A/.V (save) your money, you will be able to go on a vacation 17 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking 18 What you i&, (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 19 If she vt :./.r/(not hurry), she may be late 20 If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded 21 Water (not run ) downhill if there were not gravity 22 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else? 23 Mike wished that the editors (permit) him to copy some of their material 24 John wishes that heUVfJ.i (spend) his vacation on the Gulf Coast next year 25 I U.Vi.'.I.'iM^(accept) if they invite me to the party II- Use Unless instead of If: The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there If she did her hair differently phe would look quite nice If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another I’ll not be able to any work if I not have a quiet room If she does not hurry, she’ll be late 10 If we had more rain, our crops would be better 211 B-CLAUSES AFTER WISH, IF ONLY (MENH DE SAU W ISH VA IF ONLY) * - Wish: ao vide (trufefe WISH phai co chu ngtif) - If only: gia ma, phai chi * Sau WISH va ONLY ngildi ta thudng dung mot menh de chi mot diiu ao tide, mot dieu khong that No diidc xem nhii mot menh de danh ngii (Noun clause) * Co ba loai menh de sau WISH va IF ONLY diidc diing de chi ttU ao tide d titefng lai, hien tai va qud khii 1/ Future wish (Ao ifdc of ttfefng lai) 1 • • • • S + WISH + S+ Would +V( bare-inf.) (IF ONLY) + Could Ex: I wish I would be an astronaut in the future Tom wishes he were coming with us If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday If only I would be able to attend your wedding next week 2/ Present wish (Ao ufdc d hien tai) S+ WISH + S +V past subjunctive (IF ONLY) ( V ,; be-> were) ♦ Subjunctive: Qua khuf gia dinh, hinh thtic nhif Simple past Ex: + I wish I were rich (But I am poor now) + I can’t swim I wish I could swim + If only Ben were here (Ben isn’t here I wish he were here) + We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today 212 p.a : „>ri 1,1 per annum (moi nam) P-C : , percent (phan tram) pd : vj v paid (da tra tien) per p~o : La-tinh : per procurationem (uy nhiem) p.m : sau 12 gid trUa P O : petty officer (ha si quan thuy quan) P.P.C : (P h a p ) Pour prendre conge (cao liO P.S : postscript (tai but) Pte : Private (binh nhi) P.T.O hay T.O : Please turn over (xin lat tiep trang sau) Q : Queen (hoang hau) R.A.F : Royal Air Force (Khong quan Hoang gia Anh) Rev, Revd : Reverend (DCfc Cha Tha) R.S.V.P : ( P h a p ) Repondez s’ll vous plait (xin tra ldi) S : Saint (Thanh) South (Nam) Sec : Secretary (thu ky) S.O.S : .Save Our Souls (dien cau cufu) S.s : Steamship (tau thuy) St : Saint (Thanh), street (pho) T.B : Tuberculosis (benh lao) U.K : .United Kingdom (nUdc Anh) U.S.S.R : Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Lien X6) v versus (chong lai v6ij v.g very good (tot lam) viz : la, ay la vol : volum e (tap sach) W : W est (Tay) Xmas Christmas (Le N'oen) 380 E-DO, CAN, DONG DO 12 inches (0 metre) foot yard mile league feet (0.9144 metre) 1,760 yards (1 ,6 metres) miles THEO HE THONG MET ■ 10 millimetres (0.3937 mch) 100 centimetres 1,000 metres 2.54 centimetres 0.3048 metre 0.9144 metre 1,609.35 metres centimetre metre (39.37 mches) kilometre (0 mile) mch foot yard mile (mi) DO BE MAT ■ square (sq.) foot sq.yard hectare (2.4 17 acres) acre sq.mile (sq.mi) = = = = = 144 sq.inches sq feet 10,000 sq.metres (sq.m) 0.405 hectare 2.599 sq.kilometres (so i 381 KHOI LUQNG cubic foot cubic yard litre pint gallon = 1,728 cubic inches = 27 cubic feet = / pints = 0.568 litre = 4.55 litres CAN centigram kilo (gram) kg ton ounce (avoirdupois) pound (avoirdupois) 382 = 10 milligrams = 1,000 grams = 1.000 kilograms = 28.35 grams = 0.454 kilogram Appendix JB? LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS BANG LIET KE CAC DONG TU BAT QUY TAC Present Past abide arise awake backbite backslide abode arose awoke backbit backslid was/ were bore bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent bereft besought beset bet be bear bear beat become befall beget begin behold bend bereave beseech beset bet bestride betake bethink bestrode betook bethought Past Participle abode arisen awoken backbitten backslid been b om borne beaten become befallen begotten begun beheld bent bereft besought beset bet bestridden betaken bethought Meaning chd ddi, gid gin noi dky, noi len danh thtic, tinh noi xau, noi 16n tai pham, lai xa nga thi, la, d sinh mang, chiu d£p, danh trd nen xay t6i gay ra, sinh bat dau nhin, ngam cui xuong, uon cong doat cii6p nai, van xin nhot, vay danh cuoc (ca) ngoi, diing giang di, d&"n than vao nghi, nhcl lai 383 bid bind bite bleed blend bless blow bid bade bound bit bled blended blessed blew break breed bring broadcast browbeat build burst buy cast catch chide broke bred brought broadcast browbeat built burst bought cast caught chid, chided choose cleave chose clove clung clothed came cost crept crowed, crew cut dared dealt cling clothe come cost creep crow cut dare deal dig 384 dug did bid(den) bound bitten bled blended blest dat gta lam dinh vao can (lam) chay mau hop ban phUclc thoi blown dap vd broken nuoi day bred brought mang, dem truven broadcast browbeat(en) doa nat built xav dung burst no mua bought lieng, nem cast bat dUdc: caught chid(den), ray mang chided chosen chon lUa cleft, cloven bam viu vao clung bam, giii lay clothed mac (quan ao) come den cost tn gia crept bo, ieo crowed gay ga gay cut cat dared dealt dug done dam giao thicp dac lam draw dream drink drive dwell eat fall feed feel fight find flee fling fly forbear forbid forego foreknow foresee foretell forget forgive forsake forswear freeze gainsay get gild gird give go drew dreamed dreamt drank drove dwelt ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbore forbade forewent foreknew foresaw foretold forgot forgave forsook forswore froze gainsaid KOt elided, gilt girt gave went drawn dreamed rut ve md, md mong dreamt drunk driven dwelt eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forborne forbidden foregone foreknown foreseen foretold forgotten forgiven forsaken forsworn frozen gainsaid gotten glided gilt girt given gone uong lai xe d, tru ngu an rdi, t6 nuoi cam thay chien dau tim tau thoat, chay nem, lieng bay kieng cam bo, chifa biet trUdc thay trUdc noi trUdc quen tha thti bo the bo dong lai choi, cai dUdc, trd nen ma vang cuon that cho di 385 grind grow ground grew hamstring lend let hamstrung, hamstringed hanged had heard -ed, hove hewed hid hit held hurt inlaid kept knelt knit (ted) knew laded laid led leaned, leant leaped, leapt learned leam t left lent let lie light lay lit, lighted lose lost hang hang have hear heave hew hide hit hold hurt inlay keep kneel knit know lade lay lead lean leap leam leave 386 nghien xay ground moc, grown cat gan cho que hamstrung hamstringed treo treo co hanged CO had nghe heard nang len -ed, hove don chat -ed, hewn an, tron hidden hit dung, dap held cam, giut hurt (lam) dau inlaid kham dat kept c&m giii quy goi knelt knit (ted) dan known biet laded, laden chat len tau laid dat, de, de led dan, dua den leaned, leant dua vao leaped, leapt nhav hoc learned, leam t left di bo lent cho mudn let de, cho lain nam lit, lighted thap sang lost mat make mean meet misdeal misgive mislay mislead mistake misunderst­ and mow made meant met misdealt misgave mislaid misled mistook misunderst­ ood mowed outbid outdo outgo outgrow outride outrun outshine outspread outwear overbear overcast overcome overdo overdraw outbade outdid outwent outgrew outrode outran outshone outspread outwore overbore overcast overcame overdid overdrew overeat overfeed overgrow overhang overhear overate overfed overgrew overhung overheard made meant met misdealt misgiven mislaid misled mistaken misunderst­ ood mowed, mown outbid (den) outdone outgone outgrown outridden outrun outshone outspread outworn overborn(e) overcast overcome overdone overdrawn overeaten overfed lam, che tao X a' f* y muon noi gap chia bai sai gay lo au *> - • de lai sai lam lac dUdng pham sai lam hieu 14m x6n, cat tra gia cao hdn lam qua di qua 16n hdn ctfdi di trU6c chay tril6c sang hdn cang rong ben hdn de xuong, dan ap lam u am thang, che ngvf lam qua rut qua so" tien co ngan hang an qua cho an qua overgrown overhung moc nhieu qua treo Id liing overheard vo tinh nghe 387 grind grow ground grew hamstring hamstrung, hamstringed hanged had heard -ed, hove hewed hid hit held hurt inlaid kept knelt knit (ted) knew laded laid led leaned, leant leaped, leapt learned, leam t left lent let hang hang have hear heave hew hide hit hold hurt inlay keep kneel knit know lade lay lead lean leap leam leave lend let lie light lay lit, lighted lose lost 386 nghien xay ground moc, grown cat gan cho que hamstrung hamstringed treo treo co hanged CO had nghe heard nang len -ed, hove don chat -ed, hewn an, tron hidden dung, dap hit cam giut held hurt (lam) dau kham, dat inlaid kept c im , giQ knelt quy goi knit (ted) dan biet known laded, laden chat len tau laid dat, de, de led dan, dua den leaned, leant diia vao leaped, leapt nhav learned, hoc leam t left di bo lent cho muon let de cho lam nam lit, lighted thap sang lost ‘ mat mske mean meet misdeal misgive mislay mislead mistake misunderst­ and mow outbid outdo outgo outgrow outride outrun outshme outspread outwear overbear overcast overcome overdo overdraw made meant met misdealt misgave mislaid misled mistook misunderst­ ood mowed outbade outdid outwent outgrew outrode outran outshone outspread outwore overbore overcast overcame overdid overdrew made meant met misdealt misgiven mislaid misled mistaken m isunderst­ ood mowed, mown outbid (den) outdone outgone outgrown outridden outrun outshone outspread outworn overborn(e) lam, che tao y muon noi gap chia bai sai gay lo au de lai sai lam lac dudng pham sai him hieu 14m xen, cat tra gia cao hdn lam qua di qua ldn hdn cUdi di trUdc chay trUdc sang hdn cang rong ben hdn overcast overcom e de xuong, dan ap lam u am thang, che ngU overdone overdrawn lam qua rut qua so tien c o ngan hang overeat overfeed overgrow overhang overhear overate overfed overgrew overhung overheard overfed overgrown an qua c h o an qua m o c nhieu qua overhung overheard treo Id lung v o tinh nghe overeaten 387 overlay overlie overleap overpay override overrun oversee overset overshoot oversleep overtake overthrow partake pay put quit read steal stick sting stink strew stride strike string strive swear sw'eep swell swim swing take 388 overlaid overlay overleapt overpaid overrode overran oversaw overset overshot overslept overtook overthrew partook paid put quit read stole stuck stung stank strewed strode struck strung strove swore swept swelled swarr swung took overlaid overlain overleapt overpaid overridden overrun overseen overset overshot overslept overtaken overthrown partaken paid put quit read stolen stuck stung stunk -ed strewn stridden struck strung striven sworn swept swollen swum swung taken phu len dat nam tren nhay qua tra qua gat mot ben tran qua quan sat (l&t) nhao ban trUdt qua ngu qua vUdt qua pha tham gia, du ph&n tra tien dat, de bo doc an cap, an trom gan, dinh chi'ch, dot boc mui hoi n, ri len bu6c dai danh dap cot day co' gang the thot qu6t sung, phu len bdi loi danh du lay dem dan teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust tread unbend unbind underbid taught tore told thought thrived, throve threw thrust trod unbent unbound underbid undergo undersell understand undertake underwrite underwent undersold understood undertook underwrote undo upset wake undid upset waked, woke waylay wear weave wed weep win waylaid wore wove wedded wept won wound withdrew withheld wind withdraw withhold taught torn told thought thrived, throven thrown thrust trod(den) unbent unbound underbid (den) undergone undersold understood undertaken underwritt­ en undone upset waked, woken waylaid worn woven day hoc x6 rach noi, ke, bao nghi, ttfdng thinh vUdng lieng, n6m d^y manh, dam cha dap, gilm uon thang, thang md, thao bo th^u thap hdn chiu, trai qua ban re hdn hieu biet dong y thiic hien ky xac n M n d dUcfi thao, cdi lat, lam (danh) thUc chd, rinh mac, doi, mang det, ket lai wedded, wed ket hon wept khoc won thang, dUdc wound withdrawn withheld quanh co, uon khuc rut lai, k6o rut lai, kiem che 389 withstand wring write rebuild recast relay rend repay reset retell rid ride ring rise rive rot run saw say see seek sell send withstood wrung wrote rebuilt recast relaid rent repaid reset retold rid rode rang rose rived rotted ran sawed said saw sought sold sent withstood wrung written rebuilt recast relaid rent repaid reset retold rid ridden rung risen rived, riven rotten run sawed, sawn said seen sought sold sent chong, khang ctf 6p, vdt viet xay lai due lai dat lai x6 nat hoan tra lai dat lai, l&p lai ke lai giai thoat di xe , cUdi rung (chuong) moc, ndi len bo, xe, biia ri, muc, thoi chay cUa, xe noi thay tim ban gvfi set sew shake set sewed shook set sewn shaken lan (m at trdi) may, khau lac shear shed shine shoe shoot -ed, shore shed shone shod shot -ed, shorn shed shone shod shot cat b in g k6o lam do, chay chieu sang mang giav ban 390 show showed shred shrink shrive shut sing sink sit slay sleep slide sling slink slit smell smite sow speak speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil -ed, shred shrank shrove shut spread spring stand stave spread sprang stood stove sang sank sat slew slept slid slung slunk sht smelt smote sowed spoke sped spelt spent spilt spun spat split spoilt showed/ shown -ed, shred shunk shriven chi cho xem shut dong sung sunk sat slain slept slid slung slunk sht smelt smit(ten) sown spoken sped spelt spent spilt spun spat split spoilt hat chim, dam ngoi giet, sat hai ngu trdn trUdt quang, n6m len, chuon rach, khUa ngUi, hoc mui danh, d£p gieo hat noi di mau danh v ln tieu, xai lam quay tron khac, nho che, biia spread sprung stood staved xe vun co lai giai toi, ngoi toa lam hu hong trai nay, nhay len dting, dung bop dep 391 NHA XUAT BAN TH£ GIOI 46 Trdn Hung Dao-Ha Noi-ViCt Nam Tel 84-4-8253841 Fax 84-4-8269578 BAI T A P N GQ P H A P T IE N G A N H Xudn Bd Chiu Irdch nhiem xuat hdn M AI Bien tap: Sua bin in: I I UY T O N G D A N G IMIL/ONCi N A M Trinh hay hia: I Y Q lIAN Ci N G Q X I.’ A N k l I Oi In 1000 cuon kho 14,5x 20,5 cm L.i xi’ nghiep in 15, c a l,ao Giay chap nhan (Jang ky Kl IXH so -S /X B -Q L X H - ip nam 2001 In xong nop lini chieu quy II nam 0 so ; Pham Nuu 25 than*’ ... late 20 If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded 21 Water (not run ) downhill if there were not gravity 22 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else? 23 ... him so impolitely yesterday 20 Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him $20 1 want the baby to stop crying 22 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party 23 The hotel wasn’t good didn’t... because he has to write essay 20 David a tte n d e d Princeton University 21 Harry has been adm itted to School of Medicine at mid western University 22 Mel’s grandm other is in hospital,