Chính sách phát triển bền vững làng nghề từ thực tiễn tỉnh quảng nam tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DANG THI DAO TRANG POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE VILLAGE FROM THE PRACTICE OF QUANG NAM PROVINCE Major: Public policy Code: 934.04.02 SUMMARY OF THESIS IN PUBLIC POLICY HA NOI –2020 The work is finished at GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Academic supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Phuong Cham Opponent 1: Assoc Prof Dr Ngo Phuc Hanh Opponent 2: Assoc Prof Dr Trinh Thi Minh Duc Opponent 3: Assoc Prof Dr Dao Thi Ai Thi The thesis is defense against the Doctoral Thesis Council, held at the Institute of Social Science At …: , date / /20 The thesis can be found at: National Library Institute of Social Science Library INTRODUCTION Urgency of the researching thesis The trade village economy plays a particularly important role in the rural economic structure, especially in job creation, increasing incomes for rural workers, contributing to poverty reduction and economic restructuring to promote rural modernization; at the same time preserving and promoting the cultural values of the nation, contributing to restricting free migration and other negative social issues, creating opportunities for cultural exchanges through tourism Therefore, the tasks and solutions to restructure agriculture associated with building new rural areas in the 2016-2020 period which were specified in the 12th Congress Document are focusing on synchronous and effective implementation of development solutions to develop sustainable agriculture, to build new rural areas and to improve farmers' lives In the general trend of sustainable agriculture development, trade villages need to be oriented towards sustainable development, therefore, the 11th Party Congress has put the issue of "Sustainable development of trade villages" on the basis of ensuring harmonious relationship between the development of trade village economy, stability of trade village society and protection of trade village environment Currently, Quang Nam has 44 trade villages (of which 28 trade villages are recognized by the provincial People's Committee), attracting more than 3,005 production establishments to participate in activities and creating jobs for 5,981 local laborers However, the fact shows that more than 60% of trade villages in the province not have handicraft Some trade villages have not been planned, developed spontaneously, small and scattered production scale The material and technical facilities in service of production of many trade villages are still old, backward, and the unskilled labor is the majority; low product quality, lack of competitiveness; the accessibility to investment credit capital of households, cooperatives, enterprises in handicraft villages faces many difficulties In addition, the production and business activities of trade villages have greatly affected the living environment of the trade villages and the surrounding community There are many factors affecting the efficiency of trade village development, but clearly, the State's supportive policy, from the central to local levels, is considered to be the decisive factor to remove current barriers, obstacles and difficulties of trade villages In general, although many policy systems related to sustainable development of trade villages have been so far implemented, they are still inexplicit and implemented with limited resources, so the effect of the policy is still lackluster and quality of village development is not high Therefore, finding differences and gaps between policy content and the situation of activities and development of craft villages in the locality is an important basis for proposing appropriate solutions to complete the policy Hence, the study of the policy content on sustainable development of trade villages and the implementation of policies in Quang Nam province is an urgent matter of practical significance In addition, theoretically, the comprehensive study of the policy for sustainable development of trade villages including the components of the policy content (goals, solutions), and stakeholders is very important These contents are a solid foundation for proposing a system of solutions to ensure the science and rationality to help improve the content of policy for sustainable development of trade villages, thereby enhancing the effective implementation of policies in practice However, up to now, if the theoretical studies on the development of trade villages are in the direction of sustainability while ensure economic stability, preserve the cultural identity of the nation and protect the environment of trade villages are relatively diverse and abundant, the theoretical studies on sustainable development policies of trade villages are still quite modest Consequently, it is clear that the research on policy for sustainable development of trade villages is meaningful both in theory and practice This is the basic reason that motivates PhD student to choose the topic “Policy for sustainable development of trade villages from the practice of Quang Nam province” as the PhD thesis in public policy Researching purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes On the basis of systematizing, analyzing the theoretical basis and assessing the current situation of policy for sustainable development of trade villages in Quang Nam province, the thesis proposes solutions to improve the policy for sustainable development of trade village up to 2030 2.2 Research tasks - Systemizing the scientific studies on related content such as trade villages, sustainable development of trade villages, policy for sustainable development policies of trade villages, etc., thereby clarifying the contents to be inherited and indicating the gaps need further research and settlement in the thesis -The study clarifies theoretical issues on the policy for sustainable development of the trade village such as: the concept of sustainable development of trade villages and the policy for sustainable development of trade villages; objectives and solutions for policy for sustainable development of trade villages; the role and factors affecting policy for sustainable development of trade villages - Analyzing and assessing the current situation of content and results of implementation of the policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province in the 2006-2018 period; indicating the gap between the content of policies and the reality of production and development of trade villages in Quang Nam province; thereby analyzing the causes of limitations on the content of policies for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province - Clarifying trends in development of trade village; proposing directions and system of complete solutions for policy content for sustainable development of trade village in the coming time in Quang Nam province; at the same time, suggesting some recommendations to improve the policy, contributing to enhance the effectiveness of policy for sustainable development of trade village in practice Researching object and scope of the thesis 3.1 Researching object The object of the study is the policy system related to sustainable development of trade villages issued by Quang Nam province 3.2 Researching scope - The content: The topic does not research the cycle as well as its detailed steps, the topic is researched from the bottom up which is from the research of policy content in practice in Quang Nam province to the differentiate between content and reality and to propose solutions to improve the policy Thus, the topic focuses on policy content (including objectives, solutions) and policy stakeholders In addition, the policy for sustainable development of trade village is a comprehensive policy consisting of many constituting components on three aspects of economy, society and environment, so in the scope of the research, the topic focuses on researching a number of partial policies, including trade village planning policy, trade village investment policy, capital and credit policy, trade promotion and product consumption promotion policy (policy for sustainable development of trade village on economy); policy for training human resource of trade villages, policy of recognizing and honoring artisans (policy for sustainable development of trade village on society) and policy on protecting environment of trade villages - The geographical location: The topic researches the policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province (the policy applied to trade villages recognized by Quang Nam People's Committee) - Time: The project focuses on researching and assessing the status of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province from 2006 to present and proposes solutions to improve policy for sustainable development of trade village by 2030 Researching methods of the thesis 4.1 Theoretical methodology The topic is researched based on the methodology of Marxism- Leninism that is dialectical materialism and historical materialism Based on the unity between the materialist worldview and dialectical methodology, Marxist methodology is deeply scientific because this is the best method to help identify the right issues in the current demand for sustainable development of trade village 4.2 Researching methods - Secondary document analysis method: is used throughout the process of conducting research projects This method is used to analyze, evaluate and comment on summary reports and actual data related to trade village development in Quang Nam province; At the same time, analyzing the system of related legal documents containing the policy system for sustainable development of trade village in the locality - In-depth interview method: PhD student interviewed two main subjects: management officials and handicraft people to learn more about the differences between the policy content and the reality of trade village development as well as the thoughts and aspirations of the candidates on the improvement of local policies - Methods of analysis and synthesis: This is the method used by the PhD student frequently in the thesis to make general assessments of the research in Chapter 1; of theoretical and practical issues on policy for sustainable development of trade village in chapter 2; of current situation of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province in chapter and to propose a system of solutions to improve policy for sustainable development of trade village in chapter - Comparative method: This method is used by the PhD student in chapter to make judgments about the results of the research related to the topic, to compare the research to find gaps that the thesis needs to be further addressed In addition, in chapter 2, the PhD student evaluates and compares the policy for sustainable development of trade village in some localities such as Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Da Nang to give lessons learned in the making and implementation of policy - SWOT analysis method: This method shows the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province, the results of applying this method are used by the PhD student to make an opinion about the advantages and limitations of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province in chapter of the thesis New contributions of the thesis The thesis is the result of serious and independent scientific research of the PhD student on the basis of inheriting the views and ideas of scientists and experts on content related to the policy on sustainable development of trade village However, besides inheriting the basic theoretical content, the thesis has made new contributions to science as follows: - The thesis has strengthened and supplemented academically the contents related to policy for sustainable development of trade village such as: concepts, stakeholders, goals and solutions of policy for sustainable development of trade village - Through research, the PhD student has clarified the trend of developing trade village in the coming time and made the opinion of completing the policy for sustainable development of trade village This is an important basis to help PhD student to propose a comprehensive system of solutions on both aspects of completing the content of policies and ensuring conditions for implementing policies Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis - The thesis has built scientific arguments about policy for sustainable development of trade village, such as the concept and structure of policy contents (goals, policy solutions), policy stakeholders; roles and factors affecting policy for sustainable development of trade village - The thesis can be used as a reference for researchers, lecturers and people who are interested in public policy, especially policies about agriculture, and rural and trade village development - The thesis is valuable reference for local authorities in the development and completion of policy for sustainable development of trade village as well as ensuring the necessary resource conditions to improve the implementation efficiency in reality Structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, References and Appendix, the main content of the thesis is structured into chapters, including: Chapter Overview of researching situation and problems related to the thesis Chapter Theoretical basis and practice on policy for sustainable development of trade village Chapter Practice of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province Chapter Orientations and solutions for perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHING SITUATION AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 Comment and evaluation on issues related to the thesis in published research works 1.1.1 Works related to trade villages and sustainable development of trade villages The studies form basically a solid theoretical foundation for trade village and sustainable development of trade village based on the theory of sustainable development in general This will be the basic foundation for the PhD student to continue to research more deeply on the theoretical issues related to policy for sustainable development of trade village such as roles, objectives and policy solutions, and factors that influence policy for sustainable development of trade village 1.1.2 Works related to public policy There are many concepts of public policy, each researcher exploits the connotations of public policy terminologies at different angles but basically these concepts provide certain insights on public policy Accordingly, the researchers agree that the subject issues public policy is the State, which is expressed externally by a set of decisions related to solving existing public issues in society in order to achieve the oriented socio-economic development 1.2.3 Works related to the policy of sustainable development of trade villages It can be said that besides the work of Dinh Xuan Nghiem, there are not any other researches that have systematically and comprehensively mentioned the policy for sustainable development of trade village in all three aspects (economics, society and environment) This means that previous studies only mentioned one or two aspects of sustainable development of trade village Accordingly, there are researches on policy of sustainable development of trade village on economics, other policy on development of trade village on society and some other policy on trade village environmental protection The ministry level project (Ministry of Planning and Investment) “Some key policies for sustainable development of trade village in Vietnam” of Dinh Xuan Nghiem (2010) is a relatively complete research on the system of policies for sustainable development of trade village (in three aspects: economics, society and environment) According to the author, the policy for sustainable development of trade village on economics includes [4]: (1) Trade village management policy, (2) Infrastructure investment policy for trade village, credit policy (3) Policies on trade promotion and product consumption; (4) Policies on investment incentives; (5) Policies on taxes, fees and charges; Policy for sustainable development of trade village on society includes (1) Policies for training human resources in trade village, (2) Policy on restoration, conservation and development of trade village; and Policy for sustainable development of trade village on environmental protection includes (1) Science and technology policy, (2) Trade village environmental protection policy This is the basis to help guiding the PhD student in the selection of appropriate policies in the policy system for sustainable development of trade village to conduct research in the thesis 1.2 The inherited contents and the issues that need to be further solved by the thesis 1.2.1 The inherited contents Regarding the content related to sustainable development, the thesis has shown the concept of unified understanding of sustainable development with the basic contents of harmonious development in all three aspects: economics, society and environment In addition, the studies put forward a system of evaluation criteria for sustainable development, thereby helping the PhD student to orient and continue researching the evaluation system of sustainable development of trade village The contents related to the policy for sustainable development of trade village have been researched and proposed solutions by many scientists in practice and these are important suggestions to help PhD students to orient to select typical policies on the trade village development aspect of economy, society and environmental protection The study of policy for sustainable development of trade village is an important theoretical foundation for PhD student to continue inheriting and developing in the thesis In general, the scientific works related to the thesis have mentioned trade village development policies to a certain extent Especially, the contents related to the theoretical basis as a solid foundation help the PhD student to continue to research and implement the thesis content 1.2.2 The issues that need to be further solved - Clarify theoretical issues about policy for sustainable development of trade village such as: concept, role of policy for sustainable development of trade village; policy constituents of policy for sustainable development of trade village (objectives, solutions), stakeholders and factors affecting policy for sustainable development of trade village - Analyze and clarify the content of component policies constituting policy for sustainable development of trade village - Study the current situation of policy for sustainable development of trade village in the practice of Quang Nam province, highlight the gap between the policy content and the actually implemented situation of trade village; Since then, propose solutions to improve the content of policies, contribute to improving the efficiency of policy for sustainable development of trade village SUBSUMMARY FOR CHAPTER CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICE ON POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE VILLAGE 2.1 Some basic concepts 2.1.1 Sustainable Development Within the framework of the thesis, the PhD student believes that sustainable development is a harmonious and balanced in all three aspects of economic growth, social justice and environmental protection in order to serve and maintain the Socioeconomic development, meeting the needs of people at the present time and in the future 2.1.2 Trade village Within the scope of the study, the PhD student uses the concept of trade villages as prescribed by the Government in the Decree 52/2018/ND-CP and Circular 116/2006/TT-BNN, accordingly, a trade village is one or more population clusters at a hamlet, village or similar residential area in a commune, a town, with rural occupational activities that produce one or more different types of products Thus, rural industry activities in trade villages can be non-agricultural (handicraft, services, food processing ) or agriculture (vegetable growing) Accordingly, the criteria for recognition of trade villages include: (1) at least 20% of the total number of households in the area participating in rural occupational activities; (2) stable production and business activities for at least years up to the time of applying for recognition; (3) meeting trade village environmental protection conditions in accordance with applicable laws 2.1.3 Sustainable development of trade villages According to the concept of PhD Student, the sustainable development of trade villages is a harmonious and balanced development of trade villages in all three aspects of economy, society and trade village environment aiming to ensure the production and business activities of trade villages to be productive, to increase income for laborers while preserve and promote the national cultural identity through trade village products and protecting trade village's ecological environment 2.1.4 Policy for sustainable development of trade villages 2.1.4.1 Public policy concept According to PhD student, public policy is a tool of the State based on the political orientation of the ruling party represented by a set of related decisions, including the goals and solutions to solve problems arising in society to ensure social development in the set direction 2.1.4.2 The concept of policy for sustainable development of trade village Policy for sustainable development of trade village is the result of the political will of the State, is a set of related decisions about sustainable development of trade village, including the target system and appropriate solutions to ensure trade village to develop harmoniously in all three aspects of economy, society and environment, towards sustainable agricultural and rural development 2.2 Components of policy for sustainable development of trade village 2.2.1 Content structure of policy for sustainable development of trade village 2.2.1.1 Objective of Policy for sustainable development of trade village The overall goal of policy for sustainable development of trade village is aiming to encourage efficient production and business activities, taking advantage of available resources to add value; at the same time, creating jobs for rural workers, preserving and promoting the values and cultural identity of the nation through trade village products; ensuring trade village's ecological environment towards sustainable development and green growth Based on the common goal, the specific goals of the policy for sustainable development of trade village are expressed on three main contents: firstly, the goal of trade village economic development; secondly, the objective of social development of trade village, and thirdly, the goal of environmental protection for trade village 2.2.1.2 Solution of Policy for sustainable development of trade village Solution of policy for sustainable development of trade village is the combination of methods and measures used by policyholders to influence beneficiaries and policies of trade village to ensure a harmonious trade village development on all three aspects: economic, society and environment of trade village For policy for sustainable development of trade village, the system of solutions and policy tools can be generalized into the following groups of solutions: Firstly, the solution group from a state management mechanism; Secondly, the group of propaganda, education and persuasion solutions; Thirdly, the group of solution on encouraging economic benefits; Fourthly, groups of organizational solutions in implementing policies 2.2.2 The system of partial policies for sustainable development of trade village Firstly, policy for sustainable development of trade village on economy: including target system and specific solutions to facilitate industries and economic units in trade village to develop economic stability, constantly increasing product value to meet consumers' tastes Policy for sustainable development of trade village on economics includes the following component policies: Trade village planning policy; Trade village investment policy; Trade village credit and capital policy; Trade promotion policy for trade village products; Tax incentive policy; Land policy; Policy for developing material areas Secondly, policy for sustainable development of trade village on society: including specific target systems and solutions to preserve and develop cultural values in trade products, together to build the trade village's working practices to ensure employment and income for residents in the village, to increase the proportion of trained workers, to maintain social order and security and to attract domestic and foreign visitors Policy for sustainable development of trade village on society includes the following component policies: Trade village human resource training policy; Policies to recognize and honor artisans; Traditional trade village restoration and conservation policy Thirdly, policy for sustainable development of trade village on environment: including specific goals and solutions to orient and support people, businesses and economic organizations in trade village to implement environmental protection At CHAPTER PRACTICE OF POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE VILLAGE IN QUANG NAM PROVINCE 3.1 The situation of trade village activities in Quang Nam province 3.1.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions affecting trade village development in Quang Nam province 3.1.1.1 Natural condition Quang Nam has extremely favorable natural conditions to form riverine alluviums and fertile soil suitable to the planning of developing raw material areas for industries such as silk weaving, cloth weaving, mats, sedge, bamboo and rattan 3.1.1.2 Social and economic conditions According to the report of the socio-economic situation in 2018, the economic growth rate of Quang Nam province increased compared to 2017, along with that, per capita income in general and rural areas in particular is improved This is an important condition to help people (including handicraft villagers) be able to invest in production and business activities as well as to protect the environment through investment in modern machinery and waste treatment systems 3.1.2 Quantity, distribution and structure of trade villages in Quang Nam province 3.1.2.1 Quantity and distribution of trade villages in Quang Nam province According to the report of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Nam province, as of September 2016, Quang Nam has 44 trade villages, traditional trade villages (collectively referred to as trade villages) distributed in districts, towns and cities of province, including 28 trade villages recognized by the provincial People's Committee Trade villages are unevenly distributed among localities, most of them are concentrated in plain districts (Dien Ban, Hoi An, Duy Xuyen, Dai Loc and Thang Binh), mountainous districts have very few craft villages 3.1.2.2 Structure of trade village in Quang Nam province Business lines of the trade villages mainly focus on a number of occupations such as: Growing, processing, preserving agro-forestry and aquatic products (growing vegetables, processing fish sauce, seafood, making rice paper, cassava noodles); production of handicrafts (weaving, brocade weaving, sedge mat weaving; ceramics; household wood; rattan, bamboo), other groups (making incense, broom, forging, ) 3.1.3 Characteristics of trade village activities in Quang Nam Firstly, the organization of production The main form of production organization in trade villages in Quang Nam province now is households (accounting for 99.5% of total production establishments) Therefore, the level of direct management in the trade villages is very limited, mainly by the size of the households, the households take part in all the stages from management to supply of raw materials and market search to consume products That is the basic reason that the trade villages are still fragmented and small, unable to thrive, because household businesses have difficulty accessing loans, technology and markets 11 Secondly, the characteristics of production and business activities Most of production activities in trade villages in Quang Nam province are conducted right in residential areas, or in other words, people use home space to produce and to increase income Because of production areas interspersed with residential areas, the planning of trade villages into clusters of trade villages faces many obstacles Pollution of trade villages is showing more serious signs, affecting the lives and activities of people in rural areas Thirdly, the characteristics of human resources for trade villages The quality of labor in the trade villages is still low, most of the labor in the trade villages are middle-aged, elderly, incapacitated; small-scale production thinking, production based on profit-making, psychological fear of change; unadaptable, inactive, unsensitive to market mechanism and mostly untrained Fourthly, application of science, technology and trade village environment Some trade villages in Quang Nam province have gradually applied science, technology and equipped with modern machines for production The majority of traditional trade villages in the whole province are small-scale, intermingled with residential areas, scattered and fragmented Environmental treatment system is not available, waste is discharged directly into the environment 3.2 Policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 3.2.1 Actual situation of partial policies of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 3.2.1.1 Policy for sustainable development of trade village on economy a) Policy on trade village planning The policy of trade village planning in Quang Nam province aims to implement the relocation of trade village facilities that cause environmental pollution to industrial parks, industrial clusters and trade villages planned under Decision No 2298/QD-UBND dated July 26, 2013 of the People's Committee of Quang Nam province on approving the adjustment and supplementation of the planning on development of industries, small- and cottage-industry in Quang Nam province up to 2020, with a vision to 2025 In addition, the trade village planning policy in Quang Nam province also aims at two basic contents: one is to develop trade village in association with tourism development (according to Decision 1222/QD-UBND) and development planning of raw materials area serving industries and small- and cottage-industry in the area (according to Decision 2298/QD-UBND) b) Trade village investment policy This policy aims to support the construction of infrastructure, machinery and equipment, application of modern science and technology, trade promotion activities, promotion of product consumption for trade villages Accordingly, Quang Nam province will invest capital for the whole industry in the period of 2011-2025 (including small- and cottage-industry in trade villages) of about VND 169,366 billion, in which capital for construction investment infrastructure of industrial parks, clusters and trade villages is about VND 51,540 billion c) Policies on capital and credit 12 Trade village's capital and credit policy aims to ensure the capital demand for investment activities, business development in trade village The production and business activities in trade villages are unique to the industrial, small- and cottageindustry production establishments in rural areas, so it is necessary to have specific policies on capital and credit to support production and business households d) Policies on trade promotion and product consumption This policy is aimed at strengthening activities of trade promotion, developing domestic and foreign markets, especially rural markets, promoting export; building facilities for trade promotion activities; contributing to improving business capacity of enterprises in the province, especially enterprises in trade villages Specifically, the policy aims at 100% of the trade villages to be supported in advertising, trade promotion, participating in promotional activities, product introduction at fairs, exhibitions, heritage festivals of Quang Nam 3.2.1.2 Policy for sustainable development of trade village on society a) Vocational training policy This policy aims to support trade village training, retraining and fostering, striving to meet the target of 100% trade village with laborers trained through professional skills; thereby creating more jobs for rural workers in trade villages and at the same time aiming to improve the quality and efficiency of vocational training, contributing to the restructuring of labor and economic structure, serving the cause of industrialization – modernization of agriculture and rural areas b) Policies for recognizing and honoring artisans This policy aims to establish a preferential regime to attract skilled artisans and technicians to participate in career and trade village development In order to encourage and promote the role of local artisans and craftsmen in restoring traditional jobs and importing new occupations to the localities, the provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 35/2013/QD-UBND dated December 26, 2013 on promulgating the Regulations on considering and awarding titles of Artisans, Skilled Workers and People with merits bringing professions to localities 3.2.1.3 Policy for sustainable development of trade village on environment This policy aims to support 100% trade villages and guide the implementation of trade village environmental protection according to current regulations; trade villages basically apply modern science and technology to the production process, minimizing negative impacts on the trade village environment 3.2.2 Actual situation of parties involved in policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 3.2.2.1 Management agencies and civil servants State management agencies and civil servants are the main subjects responsible for implementing public policies Department of Agriculture and Rural Development is the lead agency in advising on development and implementation of policies related to sustainable development of trade village, of which the Sub-Department of Rural Development is the unit assigned to be in charge of the development of rural industry, trade village In addition, the development and implementation of the policy for sustainable development of trade village also includes the participation of: 13 Department of Industry and Trade, Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Department of Science – Technology 3.2.2.2 Policy beneficiaries If policy beneficiaries wish to restore and preserve the trade village's cultural values as well as to take pride in Quang's cultural traits, to have love and enthusiasm for their traditional jobs of the homeland, they are still determined to restore and preserve their profession Therefore, the issuance and implementation of many support policies and incentives in trade village development will be responded and supported by the people 3.2.2.3 Non-state partners a) Fatherland Front and grassroots socio-political organizations Trade village conservation and development is one of the important contents contributing to the economic restructuring of Quang Nam province The Fatherland Front and grassroots socio-political organizations have promoted their roles in directing, propagating and mobilizing the public to actively participate in the implementation of trade village's sustainable development policy b) Non-governmental organizations In addition to the support, state investment and mobilization of resources among the people, international organizations have also paid attention and supported the development of many programs and projects, including a number of programs and project are related to supporting the development of trade villages c) Industry associations Currently, in Quang Nam province, there are organizations and professional associations operating in trade village development such as Handicraft Association, Tourism Association, and Rattan and Bamboo Industry Association and Cooperative Union 3.2.3 Results of implementation of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province Quang Nam Province is well aware that rehabilitation and development of trade village, traditional craft and craft transplantation are one of the important solutions to exploit and promote the potential internal force of the rural area At the same time, it is also an important factor to restructure the rural economy in the direction of "leaving agriculture, not leaving homeland" Therefore, in the period from 2005 to 2012, the trade village of Quang Nam had strongly changed, many trade villages were restored and developed However, after 2012, the development of trade village in Quang Nam has tended to decrease in both quantity and value 3.3 General comments on policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 3.3.1 Advantages of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 3.3.1.1 Advantages derived from policy content Firstly, the system of policy institutions is relatively complete and comprehensive in all aspects of economic, social and environmental trade village 14 Secondly, the objective of the policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province is detailed defined, clearly demonstrating the determination of leaders in trade village conservation and development to ensure trade village economic development as well as to promote traditional cultural values and protect the trade village environment Thirdly, the system of policy solutions is relatively comprehensive, demonstrating the mechanism in management activities as well as combining economic and persuasive solutions, at the same time solutions about oganizations was implemented synchronously This is an important foundation to help the policy achieve its goals 3.3.1.2 Advantages in implementing policies Firstly, favorable policy implementation context Consensus in the policy objectives of the leadership levels is a favorable condition, creating a good environment for the implementation of the policy for sustainable development of trade village in practice Secondly, uphold the role of actors involved in implementation of policy for sustainable development of trade village Thirdly, all levels, sectors and socio-political organizations have well performed the work of disseminating and propagating policies to the objects implemented through many diverse and practical forms Fourthly, having attention and investment in supporting trade and production activities in trade village through supporting infrastructure construction, planning trade village industrial complexes, building product display houses 3.3.2 Limit of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam Province 3.3.2.1 Restrictions from policy content Firstly, in regard to trade village planning policy The policy content aims to ensure trade village industrial cluster planning, raw material zone planning and trade village planning associated with tourism development However, the content of the policy is still quite general and not specific, so far almost Quang Nam province has not planned material areas (clay, sedge, bamboo, mulberry, ) to serve the production activities of trade village ceramics, sedge mat, knitting and weaving Regarding the content of the planning of trade village industrial clusters, the fact shows that very few production households relocated their production areas to concentrated industrial clusters So it is clearly that the content of policy has not come into practice as well as the effectiveness of the policy has not been promoted Secondly, in regard to trade village investment policy Basically, the content of trade village investment policy focuses on infrastructure to support the development of trade village's production and business activities However, the investment items are mainly focused on exhibitors, product introduction at trade village, welcome gate and roads in trade village In fact, these constructions are not highly effective, so people not appreciate the effectiveness of the policy 15 Thirdly, in regard to policy on capital, credit for trade village The content of the policy shows that the level of support for investment in machinery and equipment is limited and equal distributed among the different industries of trade village In addition, the regulations on procedures for lending capital to trade villages and trade village business households still face many difficulties and complicated conditions on lending, mortgage assets, production and business plans This has limited the opportunity to access capital of those who really need capital to expand production activities Fourthly, in regard to policy of recognizing and honoring artisans Criteria issued by the People’s Committee in 2013 on recognition of artisans are still inadequate So despite the fact that they are respected by the profession as a "teacher", from an official perspective, these subjects can hardly be recognized as artisans according to the set criteria In addition, regulations on transmission and vocational training achievements of trade village titles in trade village are not feasible, not close to the actual situation 3.3.2.2 Limitations in the implementation of policies Firstly, the assignment and coordination in policy implementation are still inadequate and ineffective Secondly, the contingent of civil servants who implement the policy is still thin, has not yet promoted their full potential and effectiveness in the performance of public duties Thirdly, resources for policy implementation are limited Fourthly, the propaganda and dissemination of policies are still limited, ineffective in practice 3.3.3 The cause of the restriction Firstly, the cause comes from the policy itself and the form of organizational implementation of the policy Secondly, there is no separate system of organizational apparatus with an appropriate team of civil servants for implementation Thirdly, limited resources for policy implementation are the basic reason that policies are not effective Fourthly, propaganda and dissemination of policies have not been effective SUBSUMMARY OF CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR PERFECTING THE POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE VILLAGE 4.1 Orientations for improvement of policy for sustainable development of trade village up to 2030 4.1.1 Background affects the policy for sustainable development of trade villages 4.1.1.1 The process of international economic integration and realization of commitments 4.1.1.2 The change of consumer tastes and market demand for products of trade villages 4.1.1.3 The rapid development of science and technology and the need to apply scientific and technological achievements to the production activities of trade village 4.1.1.4 The process of urbanization and industrialization takes place quickly and strongly 4.1.1.5 The policy of promoting the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and implementing the National Target Program on new rural construction 4.1.2 A number of basic orientations to improve the policy for sustainable development of trade village Firstly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in the direction associated with the process of rural economic restructuring, promoting the industrialization and modernization process and contributing to the successful implementation of the national target program on new rural construction Secondly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in the direction of paying special attention to trade village's environmental protection, realizing the goal of sustainable development of trade village Thirdly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in association with the local socio-economic development situation, in accordance with the conditions and resources capacity of trade village and locality Fourthly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in the direction associated with the characteristics of trade village, key investment, avoid spreading Fifthly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in the direction of mobilizing the participation of stakeholders to increase the value of the policy, contributing to the comprehensive reflection of the interests of the parties, creating favorable conditions for promoting effectiveness of policy in practice Sixthly, perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in the direction of ensuring the feasibility, specificity and clarity of policy solutions, considering in relation to resources for implementing policies 4.2 Basic solutions for perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province 4.2.1 Solution for perfecting the content of policy for sustainable development of trade village 17 4.2.1.1 Content of policy for sustainable development of trade village on economy Firstly, policy on trade village planning Trade village planning should focus on the followings: material area planning for trade village; trade village product planning in the direction of one product per village; trade village planning in association with environmental protection; trade village planning associated with tourism development For effective planning, it is necessary to build synchronous infrastructure and to create conditions for trade village industrial clusters to develop Specifically, it is necessary firstly to solve the construction of roads connecting concentrated production areas to product consumption areas, creating a smooth exchange in the transportation and exchange of goods Quang Nam has two world heritage sites: Hoi An ancient town and My Son temple tower area where tourism activities of Quang Nam province mainly come from If the transport infrastructure between the two heritage sites is built with the other trade villages, it is easy to organize a trade village experience tour with these two famous destinations This creates favorable conditions for the realization of the objective of developing trade village in association with tourism under Decision 1222/QD-UBND of Quang Nam Provincial People's Committee With favorable natural conditions, Quang Nam has the advantage of investing in mulberry growing areas to serve silk trade village of Ma Chau, Phu Bong - Thi Lai as well as developing sedge growing areas for mat weaving, rattan growing for rattan and bamboo weaving, clay exploitation in Thanh Ha pottery trade village Therefore, in order to maintain and develop the local trade village of small industry and handicrafts, it is necessary to plan the area of local raw materials for production Secondly, credit policy in trade village economic development There should be adjustments in the content of policies to support capital and credit incentives for professionals by increasing the support level to maintain and develop production activities in trade villages In order to have abundant capital for trade village development, it is necessary to have a mechanism to diversify forms of capital mobilization from sources such as own capital among people, credit institutions and the state budget, in which equity capital and mobilization from the people is very important After creating capital for trade village development through diversifying forms of capital mobilization, it is necessary to focus on improving loan forms for production households and trade village business organizations to access capital resources Thirdly, policies to encourage investment and tax exemption Trade village business activities can now develop in the direction of linking the production chain, becoming a part of a closed production process (e.g weaving fabric including many stages such as rolling, dyeing and weaving .) Therefore, to ensure some trade village products meet local production needs, reduce costs, increase competitiveness, it is necessary to have a mechanism to call and encourage investors to participate, especially by attracting investors into trade village industrial clusters Fourthly, policy on trade promotion, promoting the consumption of trade village products 18 For the promotion and sale of trade village products on the domestic market, the state should promote propaganda measures to encourage people to prioritize the use of domestic products over the same products manufactured according to industrial directions such as sedge mats, ceramics, bamboo products, bamboo at the same time, take positive measures to prevent smuggled goods Regarding the promotion and consumption of products on the international market, it is necessary to increase the awareness of the trade promotion roles of trade promotion centers (under the Department of Industry and Trade) of localities at present It is necessary to have mechanisms to encourage links among travel agencies to expand the exploitation of trade village tourist routes, and to open tourism business classes for tourist guide at the trade village Thus, in order for trade village tourism to perform well the function of promoting and introducing products, it is necessary to improve the quality of tourism products, and have solutions to manage the quality of services from the stages of transportation, serving, welcoming, guiding and operating At the same time, it is necessary to promote the propaganda and trade promotion on trade village tourism such as organizing participation in trade fairs, domestic and international tourism fairs; introducing information about trade village products in magazines and publications that tourists are often interested in and follow 4.2.1.2 The content of policy for sustainable development of trade village on society Firstly, policy of human resource training for trade village For trade village laborers, the reality is that the forms of training and vocational transmission are quite diverse in trade villages but still not attracting laborers to participate Most of the laborers attend vocational training classes that later on they are able to find jobs in local industrial parks and industrial clusters, meaning that they are less attached to trades in trade villages Therefore, it is necessary to have mechanisms to encourage and support the opening of free training and vocational training classes for laborers, and at the same time connecting with production facilities to facilitate job search after training In addition to providing trained labor force for trade villages, it is necessary to have a mechanism to coordinate and link with tourist destinations, technical demonstrators in tourist areas (My Son, Vinpearl Nam Hoi An ) to provide laborers that have skills and local traditional trade knowledge This activity has contributed to diversifying tourism types at the same time preserving, preserving and disseminating national cultural values Secondly, policy of recognizing and honoring artisans Artisans have an important role in preserving and developing the trade village The State should have appropriate policies on rewarding and preferential treatment for artisans, encouraging them to teach and give vocational training to young people In addition, the state needs to provide partial funding for the opening of vocational training classes for artisans In this way, the new vocational training is really effective, helping to maintain the labor force to ensure the production and business activities of trade villages Regarding the conditions for consideration and recognition of the titles Artisans, Good craftsmen, the management agency should advise the Provincial People's Committee to adjust the regulations on vocational training 19 achievements as well as winning achievements in competitions Accordingly, the accreditation process should have open criteria based on the actual contributions of the professionals, with the recognition of trade village residents and associations 4.2.1.3 The content of trade village environmental protection policy Firstly, invest in building environmental pollution treatment infrastructure for trade village Accordingly, the state should support the construction of water supply and drainage systems, waste treatment and environmental pollution reduction At the same time, the state and local governments need to support investment in important projects in the form of capital support to renovate and build new transport and irrigation works in order to ensure the overall and synchronous manner for the whole rural area in the spirit of the National Target Program on new rural construction Secondly, set up a mechanism and apparatus for supervising and inspecting the implementation of trade village environmental protection In fact, in the trade village, there is currently no department responsible for inspecting and supervising the trade village environmental protection Therefore, it is necessary to organize training for managers and technicians for environmental protection from the commune to the central level and at the same time provide satisfactory remuneration for graduates of environmental majors working in locality with trade village Thirdly, promote propaganda on environmental protection of trade village through various forms such as media, community activities and calling for the cooperation of socio-political organizations to improve the effectiveness of propaganda activities 4.2.2 Solutions to enhance the participation and coordination of stakeholders with the policy The development and issuance of policies requires the participation of all stakeholders to ensure the interests of each party reflected in the policy This requires each stakeholder takes an active part in the policy implementation process Accordingly, each stakeholder undertakes the following specific functions and tasks: - For local governments at all levels: being responsible for managing and implementing the policy for sustainable development of trade village in their assigned localities, mastering the situation of trade village's operation and development in their localities to promptly report to the superior agencies and at the same time to find solutions suitable to the actual situation - Industry association of profession and trade village: being responsible for supporting trade village activities, being an important bridge between professionals and state management agencies at all levels, representing the voice, rights and interests of people - Credit funds, banks and non-governmental organizations: these organizations play an important role in supporting capital, credit, modern equipment and facilities for trade village's operation For non-governmental organizations, their support is in facilitating information and accessing to consumer markets; support modern equipment and facilities for trade village production activities and other supports to help trade villages preserve traditional culture 20 - For socio-political organizations (the Fatherland Front and its member organizations from the central to commune levels): these organizations play an important role in popularizing and disseminating main contents of policy to beneficiaries 4.2.3 Solutions to improve the operational efficiency of civil servants and local authorities at all levels in organizing the implementation of policies Firstly, fostering capacity to implement policies for civil servants at provincial and district levels Secondly, promoting propaganda and dissemination of policies through various forms to ensure beneficiaries have easy access to the content of policies, thereby improving the effectiveness of policy implementation Thirdly, it is necessary to conduct surveys and consult with trade village people, the Handicraft Association of Quang Nam province and cooperatives in order to get useful, timely information, reflecting the aspirations of laborers in trade village development investment Fourthly, local governments at all levels must become an intermediary, an important bridge in the relationship between credit institutions and professionals, between professionals and the market Fifthly, there should be a mechanism to support proactive workers and improve their management capacity to meet the requirements of the new situation 4.2.4 Solutions to mobilize resources from the people to realize the policy objectives In order to mobilize these resources, local authorities in Quang Nam need to create favorable conditions in terms of mechanisms and the people will rely on their capabilities and resources to take advantage of opportunities and to invest in production development The support and facilitation of the state are reflected in the following two basic tasks: - Firstly, diversify sources of credit capital to meet the demand for loans of professionals, create favorable conditions for people to access many types of credit, and increase the ability to choose in accordance with the capabilities of each beneficiaries - Secondly, simplify administrative procedures related to credit loans, reduce lending conditions to create favorable conditions for people to access loans 4.3 Some recommendations for perfecting the policy for sustainable development of trade village 4.3.1 Attracting the participation of stakeholders in the development and implementation of policy for sustainable development of trade village Each entity plays an important role in ensuring its voice and interests expressed in the policy process, especially in the policy content development stage Therefore, it is necessary to attract the participation of all stakeholders so that the content of the policy is fully reflected and has sufficent voices and aspirations of the parties In this way, in the process of implementing policies, the consensus can be created and ensured the success of the policy 21 For policy for sustainable development of trade village, stakeholders include state management agencies at all levels, non-state partners (experts, scientists, media agencies, non-government organizations), socio-political organizations, professional associations and policy beneficiaries (people) These stakeholders are closely related to each other and show their roles in participating in the policy process at varying levels 4.3.2 Increasing the capacity of civil servants who make and implement the policy 4.3.2.1 Capacity of civil servants in policy making After all, the human element is the core to good policy, populism and high performance Therefore, in order to have a good, feasible public policy, in accordance with practical conditions, it is necessary to improve the policy-making capacity of civil servants 4.3.2.2 Capacity of civil servants in implementing policies The quality and effectiveness of policy implementation depend greatly on the capacity of the contingent of civil servants involved in the implementation of the policy In other words, the capacity to organize the policy implementation of civil servants determines the quality and efficiency of policy implementation Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of policy implementation, it is necessary to have synchronous solutions to improve the capacity of the staff of policy implementation 4.3.3 Ensure resources for policy implementation The success or failure of a policy depends on two basic factors: one is that the policy content must be feasible, and the other is the effective implementation of the policy In fact, there are policies that contain feasible and scientific content but they are not effective when implemented, due to the lack of resources to implement the policies Therefore, policy implementation resources play an increasingly important role in determining the success or failure of the policy If sufficient resources are implemented, the policy objectives will be realized and so will the policy effectiveness 4.3.4 Improvement of transparency and accountability in policy making and implementation 4.3.4.1 Improvement of transparency and accountability in developing and perfecting policies Policy for sustainable development of trade village has many stakeholders with different perspectives and interests, so in the process of formulating and promulgating policies, it is necessary to fully engage these stakeholders The transparency in policy formulation and promulgation facilitates the smooth and unified implementation of the policy, overcomes the situation of the same content but is understood and done differently while helps to improve the accountability of individuals and agencies involved in the use of state resources in the implementation of policy for sustainable development of trade village 4.3.4.2 Improvement of transparency and accountability in policy implementation In all activities of the policy cycle, especially the implementation of policies, transparency and accountability are the basic and essential conditions to ensure that policies are implemented effectively at the same time benefits of stakeholders, 22 especially policy beneficiaries, are fully and completely reflected For trade village development policy, stakeholders, especially policy beneficiaries, need to be provided with clear and specific information on the following basic contents: Firstly, content and conditions to benefit from the policy; Secondly, ways to implement the policy; Thirdly, usage of resources to implement policies SUBSUMMARY OF CHAPTER CONCLUSION Development of trade village in Quang Nam province plays an important role in contributing to economic restructure towards increasing the proportion of industry and services and reducing the proportion of agriculture; at the same time, preserving the traditional cultural identity of Quang Region Therefore, Quang Nam has determined "shifting economic structure towards sustainability, increasing labor productivity" In order to realize this goal, Quang Nam needs to move towards sustainable agriculture and rural development, in which it is necessary to complete the policy for sustainable development of trade village and implement effective policies in practice So, PhD student selects the topic “Policy for sustainable development of trade village from the practice of Quang Nam province” as the PhD thesis in public policy based on that objective reality The thesis has basically systematized and contributed to clarifying the theoretical basis for policy for sustainable development of trade village, especially on the conceptual aspects, roles, and constituent elements of policy and stakeholders related to the policy PhD student emphasizes that the policy for sustainable development of trade village is a comprehensive policy covering all aspects of sustainable development of trade village including: economy, society and trade village environment Accordingly, the policy for sustainable development of trade village is a system of many component policies in which PhD student focuses mainly on trade village planning policy; trade village investment policy; capital and credit policies; policies to promote trade and promote product consumption; vocational training policy; policy of recognizing and honoring artisans; trade village environmental protection policy In addition, the thesis emphasizes the factors affecting policies as the basis for adjusting and completing the content of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province In fact, the system of policy for sustainable development of trade village is quite comprehensive, covering all three aspects: trade village economy, trade village society and trade village environmental protection, however, the effectiveness of policies is still weak, not really creating a strong motivation for the sustainable development of trade village By analyzing the status of policy for sustainable development of trade village from the practice of Quang Nam province based on basic contents such as: stakeholders and focus on policy content (goals, solutions), PhD student found that cause is derived from content of policy for sustainable 23 development of trade village itself and the policy implementation process are still limited For the policy content, the reality shows that there exists a gap between the content and the operation situation of trade village in Quang Nam province Therefore, although basically on the basis of the central policy system, Quang Nam has specified for local application, there are still gaps compared to the needs and aspirations of the people Thus, some policies have not been effectively implemented Regarding the causes arising from the process of implementing policies, the limitations on implementation resources and capacity of civil servants in the coordination, assignment and propagation, dissemination of policies are basic limitations that reduce the effective implementation of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam The analysis and clarification of the above reasons are the basis for forming the groups of solutions to improve the content of policy for sustainable development of trade village in Quang Nam province Therefore, PhD student has proposed a suitable and feasible basic solution system to complete the contents of the component policies constituting the policy for sustainable development of trade village, in which emphasized the need to attract the participation of stakeholders in the process of finalizing policy contents, especially the participation of policy beneficiaries (people) because only when the interests and aspirations of the parties are reflected in specific policies, the stakeholders will be motivated to realize the policy goals in implementing policy On that basis, PhD student propose some recommendations to improve the policy for sustainable development of trade village With the results and contributions of the thesis in terms of theory and practice, the PhD student believes that the thesis will provide useful hints to improve the content of policy for sustainable development of trade village and improve the effectiveness of policy implementation in the coming time to contribute to the successful implementation of the national target program on new rural construction Thus, in the research scope of the thesis, the PhD student has basically solved the theoretical and practical issues posed in parallel with the achieved results, the PhD student realized that there are still some issues that need to be improved These are also the next research orientations of the PhD student in the future Some of those research directions are: Firstly, synthesize and review the contents of each component policy documents related to the National Target Program on New Rural Development, The program of One Commune One Product (OCOP) and rural career development nationwide and specifically in Quang Nam province Secondly, research a specific component policy group to evaluate policies according to public policy evaluation criteria in general and assess policies from different stages of the policy cycle (planning, implementation and evaluation of policy) 24 LIST OF THESIS-RELATED PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR Dang Thi Dao Trang (2018), “Sustainable development policy for craft villages in the context of the new rural construction”, Social Science of The Central Region Review, No (56) 2018, page 51-58 Dang Thi Dao Trang (2019), “The participation of stakeholders as the condition to sustainable development of craft villages from the case of Quang Nam province”, Vietnam Journal of Social Science Manpower, No (74) 2019, page 50-57 Dang Thi Dao Trang (2019), “Policy for sustainable development of craft villages in Quang Nam province”, Journal of Home Affair Sciences, No 31 (July, 2019), page 45-52 ... the People's Committee of Quang Nam province on approving the adjustment and supplementation of the planning on development of industries, small- and cottage-industry in Quang Nam province up to... well as developing sedge growing areas for mat weaving, rattan growing for rattan and bamboo weaving, clay exploitation in Thanh Ha pottery trade village Therefore, in order to maintain and develop... VILLAGE IN QUANG NAM PROVINCE 3.1 The situation of trade village activities in Quang Nam province 3.1.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions affecting trade village development in Quang Nam province