Phát triển ngành công nghiệp sản xuất sản phẩm điện tử hướng về xuất khẩu của thành phố đà nẵng tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION The urgency of topic For developing countries with market economies, international economic integration, export-oriented industrialization (EOI) is the right selection of industrial strategy Merchandise exports play a large role for these countries, contributing to the growth and development of the national economy in general and local economy in particular, increasing their position in the region and the world The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry (EOEPMI) creates high-tech, advanced and modern products associated with the 4.0 revolution in order to meet the requirements of export-oriented industrialization In fact, for many years, Danang (DN) city’s goverment was interested this matter, but the current situation and position of the industry’s development with economic scale and efficiency has not met the set targets How the industry is developing, whether or not achieving the set goals to be a spearhead industry is possible, whether there are inadequacies or not, the causes of the current situation and the future solutions are an urgent issue for the topic of the research Overview of research situation related to the topic There is research on to the electronic industry (EI) in this country and abroad: industrialization policy relating export; some electronic products (EP), the model of electronics, technology, supporting industries (SI), human resources; scale production; competing capability, towards EP export and at the same time, shows the experience of other countries The spaces that are necessary to be further studied are: the theoretical system, policy making issues (sence of electronic industry branch) at provincial city of national, issues of planning and developing policy contents, synchronized enforcement solutions, evaluation criteria, details, corresponding to the conditions and circumstances of the city, In terms of: what kind of EP to produce? which position in the industry value chain? What level of technology and production scale? solutions to boost exports of EP? From the urgency and the overview of some topics, I select the topic: “Developing the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang City” to continue researching and solving the tasks set for the topic Purposes and tasks of research Research purpose: building scientific foundations (theoretical and practical) and propose major policies and solutions about developing the EOEPMI of DN City to 2025 and the following years Research tasks: systematizing and clarifying some theoretical issues and experiences on the policies of the EOEPMI development of a national city Analyzing the situation of the EOEPMI development of DN city (2013-2018) Proposing some solutions to develop the industry until 2025 and the following years Object and scope of research Research object: theoretical and practical issues about developing the EOEPMI of national city Research scope: In term of field, the research is part of the electronics industry and does not give research issues in terms of economic development In term of space: researching the industry of a city in general and of DN City in particular In terms of scope: actual information data for the period of 2013-2018, the proposed solutions for the period from now to 2025 and after 2025 In terms of content: focusing on the sub-industry of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry with spearhead nature, a number of segment of electronic products Mentioned a part of strategic direction, but not the overall industry strategy of EI and total EP In terms of research object: researching policies of local governments and cities (leading, managing entities), participating in the industry with a decisive role in enterprises and the support of associations Method of research Using general methods: methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism Specific methods include: 1> Qualitative method (legal documents, collect information collection, making survey questionnaire, excel table statistics); 2> quantitative methods (industry standard technology investigation, calculating formulas by software) New contributions of the thesis First,the thesis has systematized and clarified the theory on the EOEPMI development of a city Second, identifying the content system of 03 groups of policies and basic solutions for the city’s EOEPMI (quantitative and qualitative) together with the city’s EOEPMI evaluation criteria system according to 03 policy groups (width and depth), pointing out the objective and subjective factors affecting a city’s EOEPMI Third, presenting the EOEPMI experience of some cities according to a number of different contents and criteria, thereby drawing some lessons that can be applied and referenced for Da Nang city Fourth, generalizing the roles, positions, comparative advantages and disadvantages; analyzing and assessing the actual results of the development of the EOEPMI of DN city in the period of 2013-2018 From there, the evaluation is made in terms of achievement, basic limitations and points out objective and subjective causes Fifth, summing up the situation and demand of EP of certain countries, assessing the advantages, opportunities, difficulties and challenges for the EOEPMI of Danang City to 2025 and subsequent years Sixth, identifying views and objectives of EOEPMI development; proposing a number of solutions (03 main solution groups) on EOEPMI development policies of Danang City to 2025 and the following years Structure of thesis In addition to the introduction, the thesis is divided into chapters: Chapter 1: Some theoretical issues and practical experiences regarding the development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of a city Chapter 2: Current situation of the development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city Chapter 3: Proposing several solutions and recommendations for developing the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city CHAPTER SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF A CITY 1.1 SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 1.1.1 Concept and characteristics of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry 1.1.1.1 Electronic products a, Concept According to UN Trade Statistics (Lall, 2000), electronic products are products that contain electronic equipment processing information data Including: electronic products for industry; electronic products for consumption; electronic products used for many other industries b, Characteristics of electronic products Electronic products with complex and sophisticated structure are designed and manufactured by the most modern and advanced technology; electronic products use few materials, but the intellectual content is very high; electronic products are the most revolutionary products but they have a relatively short life cycle; electronic products are present in almost all products serving manufacturing, research and consumption 1.1.1.2 Electronics industry a, Industry, According to the Cambridge Dictionary (2019) “Industry” is an economic industry including people and activities related to a type of manufacturing of goods and services b, The electronics industry is an economic industry under the processing and manufacturing sub-industry, its activities are highly concentrated in manufacturing technology, labor, products, design, manufaction, research, development, manufacturing, electronic product businesses (Encyclopedia of Columbia University, USA, 2010) 1.1.1.3 The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is a processing and manufacturing industry, is part of the electronics industry, specializing in manufacturing electronic products for other industries and consumer electronic products b, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is a subsector of the electronics industry (EI), focusing on the manufacture and processing of electronic products (EP) for consumption and other industries (under the C-C26 group); EP produced are mainly exported to foreign countries 1.1.1.4 Characteristics of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a, The electronic product manufacturing industry is a key industrial field of the 4th industrial revolution It is the industry of manufacturing hardware products for electronics Provinces with favorable conditions and opportunities need to have priority strategies and policies to obtain this advanced industry b, The electronic product manufacturing industry is an industry which develops very fast, promoting the development of other industries This is because the science and technology (S&T) of the industry has develops quickly c, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is a manufacturing industry concentrated in a close relationship with supporting industries (SI) A product structure is a very complex structure which requires the link of many stages of production with the support of SI 5 d, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is an industry using large capital to invest in research, design, application, manufacturing, transfer and market development stages Due to the characteristics of technology and industry, localities that want to develop the industry must give priority to large capital investment e, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is an industry using high-quality human resources (HQHR) Due to the characteristics of the industry in terms of advanced technology and operating business and manufacturing, it requires human resources (HR) in the industry to have a complex stratification structure and a corresponding quality of HR g, Labor in the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry has a high income The salary in the industry is directly proportional to the quality of HR, labor productivity, reflecting the level of development of this industry h, The electronic product manufacturing industry is an industry with high import and export turnover.In many countries and in VN today, export turnover of EPs has consistently been at the top position from 2000-2018 i, The export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is a highly competitive industry Due to the short EP life, the position plays a key role in the industry Localities have a comparative advantage, advantages in some resources will help EP prices to compete on the world market 1.1.2 Some theories related to the development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry 1.1.2.1 Theory related to industrial development:The mixed economy of Paul Samuelson (2007); Traditional and exogenous growth of Solow (1956); Endogenous growth of Romer (1955) & Lucas (1937); Economic development based on industrialization Some other modern industrial economic development theories: Rostow’s stages of growth (1960); Discussion of economic development strategies of Griffin (1989), etc The following conclusions are drawn: economic development must be based on industrial development, must be placed in a dialectical relationship, must consider external and internal factors; must include selective content from the content of economic development; is dependant on the limitations of manufacturing and economic, social and geographical conditions of each locality (city) 1.1.2.2 Export-oriented economic development theories: comparative advantage theory, David Ricardo (1817); The balance between the factors, Eli Heckscher-H and Bertil Olin-O (1936); International Product Lifecycle, Raymond Vernon (1966); Export-oriented industrialization The folowing conclusion is drawn: the way for developing countries to shorten the distance and the transition period is to develop in the export-oriented industrialization 6 1.1.2.3 Development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry theories Compiled from the above theories, the author introduces the concept: “Development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry is an economic management policy to accelerate the process of industrialization of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry (both quantity and quality) and promote the export of electronic products are manufactured abroad based on comparative advantages of the locality (province, city) by selecting appropriate industry development methods suitable to the conditions and circumstances of the country and the locality together with measures to expand the export markets, develop competitiveness of goods to meet the demand of electronic product consumption for leading growth of the electronic product export in the structure of export items” 1.1.3 The role and development trend of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry 1.1.3.1 The role of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry Promoting development of other industries; Creating the ability to master information technology; Improving life quality; Promoting the development of high-quality human resources, mastering science and technology, creativity; Creating foreign currencies from promoting electronic product exports; Promoting regional planning, industrial clusters (ICs), promoting local economic development 1.1.3.2 The development trend of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a, The life cycle of electronic products in the world is increasingly shortened This affects high-quality human resources and the ability to quickly change factors relating to manufacturing and science - technology; b, International economic integration and global division of labor Localities have the right selection of manufacturing models, technology and electronic products that are needed to attract investment effectively c, The trend of trade liberalization and protection Trade liberalization is the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers to promote the electronic product exports The trend of trade protection and maintenance of tariff and non-tariff barriers hinders imported electronic products 1.2 REQUIREMENTS, CONDITIONS, CONTENTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF THE CITY 1.2.1 Requirements and conditions for development of export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of a city 1.2.1.1 The requirements for development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry in a city Concept: The development policy of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of the city is an industry policy with a narrow scope in the industry and sub-industry including the system of viewpoints, objectives, principles and actions used by that local government to promote the development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry to achieve the industrialization goals of the city Requirements: The development policy of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of the city should be built in here with the State’s industrial development orientation; it share follow the development trend of the global electronics industry; must rely on the balance, rational calculation of resources Principles: the role of certain entities: Exportoriented electronic product manufacturing enterprises play a central role in all economic industries, being the main entities; Local governments the planning, promulgating, implementing, evaluating and supporting; Scientists and trainers assist in the supply chain; Industry associations play an important role in coordinating; 1.2.1.2 Conditions for development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of a city a, Conditions for manufacturing and manufacturing areas There should be a key export production EP structure an appropriate production model, advanced and modern production technologies suitable to production models, SI, highquality human resources (HQHR) to operate production, exports, advanced infrastructure and public administration services b, Conditions of resources to develop production scale for the industry There must be enough capital for production scale, enough production area to develop industrial zones and industrial clusters according to big electronics corporations c, Conditions for the city's export-oriented development There should be the advantage of comparing advanced infrastructure, are EP export structure to meet market demands and international EP lifecycle trends, HR to ensure export trade, an advanced administrative system for export, advanced logistics services, system of trade promotion and export support d, Conditions of management of the city There must be a force of agencies ensuring the functional structure to manage and lead the industry development e, Conditions of implementing entity There should be enterprises of all economic sectors, FDI and the private sector are the key subjects; Supporting subjects include organizations, industry associations 1.2.2 Contents for development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of the city 1.2.2.1 Developing the city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry development orientations a, Building perspectives and industry development orientations Develop according to industrialization towards export; Focusing on the subjects in the diamond model (development of manufacturing and producing enterprises is the focus on FDI and private enterprises); Developing HQHR and Science and Technology is a prerequisite; Sustainable development of the industry according to the industry value chain Analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks combined with endogenous and exogenous factors (internal and external environment) to formulate policies and solutions for branch development b, Goal setting Firstly, achieving sustainability in position thanks to the development of the manufacturing sector (export EP structure, production model, technology, supporting industry, HQHR); Secondly, achieving a key position thanks to its scale (gaining a high proportion in the structure of local industries, increasing industrial value, development speed); Thirdly, meeting the requirements of exporting (occupying a high position in the export turnover of industries) 1.2.2.2 Develop specific content of policies and solutions to develop the city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a, Group of policies and solutions to develop manufacturing and producing areas for the city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a1, Development of key export electronic product structures The structure of EP exports depends on market demand which determines the inputs and other factors that follow The Government has a key export EP policy according to the stages of the production model, creating an EP structure for investment packages On the implementation side, it is necessary to grasp the policy and select EP export For investment in production and export, there should be a focus on industry-oriented development policies a2, Develop a key export electronic product production model The production model decides sustainability and stability Identify the right EOEPMI model for the industry in accordance with the conditions of the city's industrial development according to: The global value chain model for developing EOEPMI between two typical countries: the first country is the one with developed industry; Country is focusing on industry development, EP moves according to EP life cycle from country to a3, Development of science and technology for EOEPMI Science and technology is a key element of the production model The government policy focuses on transferring advanced science and technology to the industry to meet the structure of the selected industry value chain (the second national model); set up a system of science and technology criteria for the industry On the implementation side: there is a need to actively transfer, capture, anticipate advanced and advanced science and technology, and to invest in EP production for export a4, Development of supporting industries and symbiotic factors for the industry EP production cannot develop without SI, which is symbiotic On the government side: developing the list of SI industries through which symbiotic factors are formed On the implementation side: grasp the SI development policy in close relationship with the main production model and transfer technology to invest in the SI industry in the right direction a5, Developing high quality human resources for the industry Due to the characteristics of advanced production and management technologies, HQHR is required From the government side: there are policies and solutions for HQHR for long-term industry, the driving force of strategic reach On the implementation side: actively recruiting, joint training and strengthening on-thejob training for HR according to industry standards b, Group of policies and solutions to develop production scales for the city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry b1, Developing the scale of capital for the industry Due to the industry's requirement for investment scale, industrial clusters Capital must meet industry standards Government: There are policies and solutions to attract FDI and private capital, proving the attractiveness of the locality Implementing subjects: grasp capital standards according to export EP structure and technology scale to be invested b2, Development of production areas for the industry Due to the scale, there are large area requirements Industrial zones (IZ) that meet international and national standards must be built for industrial development (IZ land area, percentage of workshops and filling areas, and development of industrial clusters and inter-regions) On the government side, there is a planning policy to locate IZs that meet the standards; incentives, support for land rent, reduction of land taxes and other support tools On the implementation side, grasp the requirements of the production-business area and IZ standards to invest appropriately c, Group of policies and measures to boost exports for the city's exportoriented electronic product manufacturing industry c1, There are export-oriented policies and solutions thanks to the development of competitiveness of export electronic products Developing competitiveness based on added value in production (focusing on increasing labor productivity); thanks to competitive advantage (export infrastructure, labor advantage, improving the quality of EP exports, business environment: clear administrative procedures, online public services) c2, Group of policies and solutions on market development and export of electronic products Export market forecast; Supporting businesses with market information and trade promotion; Encouraging the promotion of EP exports; Financial policies to encourage inputs and outputs for the industry; Branding for businesses and EP exports; Facilitating the development of industry associations; Promoting exports based on the development of modern export methods 1.2.2.3 Organization of implementation for the development policy of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of the city a, Implementation process Draft, send to consultation by scientists, enterprises, agencies, associations; implement structure and reorganize the system of industry entities; Estimate the budget; Inspect and supervise the implementation process, adjust supplements and support b, Implementation method Administration, trade fairs, exhibitions, advertising, investment promotion, direct invitations, ordering, propaganda with 10 specialized e-commerce websites, social networks, using non-governmental organizations 1.2.3 Criteria for evaluating the development of an export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry in a city 1.2.3.1 Group of criteria reflecting the development of the exportoriented electronic product manufacturing industry in width a, Production value of a city is electronic product manufacturing industry This is the total production value of the export electronic product manufacturing industry (Gross Output - GO), reflecting the growth or recession of the industry in absolute quantities b, Growth rate of city’s electronic product manufacturing industry (according to production value or export turnover) n-1 Average growth rate (%) = Production and EX value in the original year x 100% c, Proportion of the production value of city’s electronic product manufacturing industry d, Target of export of electronic products e, The proportion (structure) of the production and export value of each export electronics item, or group of industries g, The proportion (structure) of export market of electronic products 1.2.3.2 Group of criteria reflecting the development of export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry in depth a, Quality of export electronic products The assessment is based on meeting the demands of physically growing markets (according to standards and licenses regulated by the EP import market) b, Added value in industry development This is determined by the policy of increasing labor productivity, reflecting the level of science and technology, labor productivity and competitiveness of electronic products c, Criteria to evaluate the performance of the industry c1, Production efficiency of the the export electronic product manufacturing industry c2 Efficiency of using investment capital of the industry d, Criteria for evaluating industry technology level Follow Circular 04/2014/TT-BKHCN, April 08, 2015 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment on guidelines for evaluating the production technology level, in which there is: T (Technoware) criteria on technological equipment and 11 machinery; (H- Humanware) human resource criteria; I (Infoware) criteria for information; O (Orgaware) criteria for managing organizations 1.2.3.3 Group of criteria to evaluate the development and implementation of policies for a city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry 1> Evaluation of policy and strategy making Focus on SWOT analysis: (Strengths (S); Weakness (W); Opportunities (O); Threats (T)) 2> Evaluate goals Evaluate performance against expected goals 3> Evaluate according to the forecasting approach such as: Position prediction; Forecasting of resources; Predictive agent 4> Evaluated according to criteria: Economic; Effectiveness; validity; affect; feasibility and relevance 1.2.4 A number of fundamental factors affecting the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of a city 1.2.4.1 Objective factors a, Demand for importing electronic products around the world The increase in demand for electronic products is proportional to the increasing population size and the global production-business scale b, Regulation of the country importing electronic products There are nontariff barriers There will be many difficulties when the electronic products produced not meet the requirements of the chain and regulations on licenses, packaging, product safety and the environment of the consumer market c, Competition between countries producing and exporting electronic products All countries in the world have priority strategies and policies to focus on developing this field By 2018, there were 241 countries and territories worldwide producing and exporting electronic products to the world market d, Choice of foreign investors Investors have the right to compare and select the offers of cities based on their immediate or long-term goals and business strategies e, Factors in the role of non-governmental organizations These organizations are professional and therefore have a great influence on the development of the industry 1.2.4.2 Subjective factors a, Factors belong to the role of a nation Macro policies show localities the best choices for the industry development orientation b, Factors belong to the role of local governments Demonstrating the concretization of strategies, policies and measures to be implemented for localities (quality, depth as well as width of concretization) c, Factors relating to the role of export-oriented electronic product manufacturing enterprises Demonstrated by the perception of benefits, their large participation in the industry will create opportunities for development of production forces for the industry 1.3 EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF SOME 12 CITIES IN THE COUNTRY AND ABROAD AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR DA NANG CITY 1.3.1 Experience in developing the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of some localities (provinces or cities) in the country and abroad Lesson learned by: Shenzhen City, China; Pasir Gudang city in Malaysia; BangKok city, Thailand; Thai Nguyen city, Vietnam 1.3.2 Reasonable lesson for success and note for Danang City Lesson for success: the government must have policies to develop the industry in stages, export EP, production model, technology, SI must have a clear orientation based on the appreciation of the potential and advantages of the localality It should be noted, there is a lack of strategies and policies on: setting goals for industry development; support for the private enterprises sector; catch technology; synchronous policy for industry development: SI, linking production areas, symbiotic and complementary factors CHAPTER CURRENT SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORTORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DA NANG CITY 2.1 OVERVIEW AND CURRENT SITUATION OF THE EXPORTORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DA NANG CITY PERIOD OF 2013-2018 2.1.1 Comparative advantages of Da Nang city in developing exportoriented electronic product manufacturing industry 2.1.1.1 Strategic position Da Nang City is situted in Central VN, with a natural area of 128,543hectares,and a population density of: 828 people/ km2; it belongs to the East-West Economic Corridor 2.1.1.2 Infrastructure Having the largest commercial port and airport in Central VN and Central Highlands VN The water and electricity supply is sufficient for the industrial zones in the city There are administrative agencies servicimg of import and exports, and there are a number of symbiotic development factors (tourism, shopping, convalescence) 2.1.1.3 Human resource training facility Da Nang city is one of three major education and training centers in VN, have EI training and export facilities 2.1.1.4 Resources.There are the necessary resources for the construction of industrial zones (IZ) and high-tech zones 13 2.1.1.5 Investment environment Da Nang City currently has industrial zones in operation with a total planning area of 192,400m 2, a high-tech zone and a concentrated information industrial zone, public services are quite developed 2.1.2 The disadvantages of Da Nang City to develop of export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry Danang is far away from large industrial areas, and so the mobilization of a number of factors to support production will increase costs Production area is limited Regarding infrastructure, there are faults in the planning of goods transport network Regarding the population, at the average level, skilled and technical requirements are not met There is a lack of training institutions, research students, training high quality human resources specialized in the field of the electronics industry; Lack of primary or complementary materials, lack of supportive technology and regional integration Regarding the investment environment, there is a lack of symbiotic factor in industrial zones and administrative products 2.1.3 Analyzing the current situation of development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Danang city in the period of 2013-2018 2.1.3.1 Overview of the development process of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Danang City From 2000-2003, FDI enterprises invested in the EOEPMI From 20032008: mainly outsourcing for foreign corporations 2.1.3.2 Analyzing the current situation of development results of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city in the period of 2013-2018 a, In terms of industrial production value (GO) In 2013-2014, GO decreased, then increased to 2018 (VND 12.23 trillion) Compared with (GO) of the same industry in the same period: 42.9-134.7 trillion and (GO) of the common industry of DN city (36.1-61.6 trillion VND), the contribution of the sector in DN City is quite modest (Trillion dong) (Source: Statistics in Table 2.2) Figure 2.1 (GO) Value of the export electronic product manufacturing industry in Danang City b, In terms of growth rate This is un stable because they are all outsourced or assembled to foreign enterprises or parent companies, with small and medium scale in the group's production chain system, their production is passive However, the average growth of the industry is 51.72% / year, increasing rapidly compared to some other industries with a high average growth rate, leading the processing industry of the city 14 c, In terms of proportion The average proportion is 9.89% compared to the value of the whole industry (the whole country is 6.45%), showing that this value is a fairly good position in the overall industrial production of the city d, In terms of export turnover of electronic products This increased steadily from 0.24 billion USD in 2013 to 0.59 billion USD in 2018, reaching the top key export items (export electronic products, textiles, and seafood) However, the industry export turnover only accounts for 0.74-0.67% and accounts for 0.18 to 0.22% of the country's total export turnover (2013-2018), showing that the industry scale is not commensurate with the potential of the 3rd largest industrial city e, In terms of export growth rate, the average growth rate over years was: 17,85% (in 2016, the speed decreased) where are the whole country was 13.36%, a good increase, but mostly of FDI Enterprises g, Proportion (structure) of production and export value of each export electronics item Mainly: computers, phones, camcorders, and accessories Only meet for specific companies with narrow structure, have to deal with a lot of competitiveness, no EP to wait after 2025 h, The proportion (structure) of the EP export market The market share is still very modest, focusing mainly on the Japanese market (16.4%), many other markets are left out 2.2 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION OF POLICIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE EXPORT- ORIENTTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DA NANG CITY IN THE PERIOD OF 2013-2018 2.2.1 Overview of Danang City's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry planning and development process (Period: Exploration (1975-2003); Preparation (2003-2013); Promotion (2013-2020) Table 2.3 Production value and average growth rate of the electronic product manufacturing industry in Danang City Unit: Trillion VND Average rate No Indicator 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013-2018 (%/year) THE WHOLE INDUSTRY 36,116 41,143 42,678 46,187 50,248 61,600 11.38 OF DA NANG CITY Mining industry 287 502 424 413 495 521,23 16.34 Processing and 34,540 39,382 40,830 44,141 47,949 51,353 8.292 manufacturing industry In which: Electronics 3,025 2,429 3,432 3,775 4,579 12,23 51.72 industry (Source: Da Nang Department of Industry and Trade) 2.2.2 Analysis of the current situation of the results of policies and solutions to develop the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city in the period of 2013-2018 From 2004-2014, the Government and the Ministry of Industry issued a number of general guiding documents on industrial development and EI as well 15 as a strategy to boost exports for the whole country with a number of objectives and solutions (no specific guidance and direction for the EOEPMI industry of DN city) 2.2.2.1 Regarding policy groups and solutions to develop manufacturing and producing areas for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city a, On development of the structure of key export electronic products There is a project for developing the city is science and technology from 2016-2020 As a result, there is EP export: electronic components, computers suitable to the needs and trends in the world market with EP to welcome after 2025 Subjective reasons: lack of policies and solutions to orient export structure of EP according to the production model b, Regarding the development of a key export electronic product production model for the industry of Da Nang City Decision No.9644/QDUBND, dated December 31, 2014, approving the scheme: Enterprise development of DN city to 2020 Solutions: Improving the investment environment, restructuring and technological innovation The result: is in the processing stage to support some small and medium-sized corporations Subjective reasons: rationale of choosing production models in the industry value chain c, Regarding the development of science and technology qualifications for the industry Decision No 6211/QD-UBND, August 18, 2010 approving the Master Plan for development of science and technology of DN City until 2020 Results: General technology level: Partially improved, the total value of the industry's fixed assets accounted for about 4.1% in the whole industry, increased on average 38.6%/year, lower than the average rate in the whole industry Limitations: the current technology of the industry is that of FDI investors, only meeting the type of supporting processing, without source technology, and has not yet transferred alternative production technologies and supporting industry technology to achieve its position in the second phase of the production model in the second country in the industry value chain (in theory) The basic reason is: lack of systematic reasoning regarding advanced manufacturing models for the industry d, Regarding the development of supporting industries and symbiotic factorsfor the industry Decision No 34/2016/QD-UBND, November 01, 2016, creates a premise for the development of supporting industries for local industries Solution: support projects for the development of supporting industry in general (not only the export electronics manufacturing industry) Result: no policy of production model has been established, so supporting industries for the export electronics manufacturing industry have not been formed e, Regarding the development of high quality human resources for the industry There are guidelines for training talents for the city Decision No 2159/QD - UBND dated March 31, 2010 approves the planning for development of the education and training sector in DN city until 2020 Results: Regarding the number 16 of employees and the training level in the industry: only meets the processing support, manufacturing and assembling of some electronic products for export to foreign corporations Regarding working age, occupational health, labor discipline, skills and skills, efficiency and productivity: does not meet the immediate or longterm requirements Cause: training does not meet the needs of the industry 2.2.2.2 Regarding policy group, solutions to develop production scale for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city a, Regarding the development of the capital scale for the city's EOEPMI The city government has the policy: quickly increasing the amount of investment capital attracted to the industry, the rate of capital mobilization in GRDP (according to the current price) will reach about 50% by 2020 Limitations: there is no mechanism to help and explain; spreading investment, there is no specific target program for the export electronics manufacturing industry Cause: the attraction of policies to attract capital b, Regarding the land area development planning for EOEPMI of DN City Promulgate preferential policies to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), measures: granting investment licenses, preferential land rent rates, reducing corporate income tax Industrial promotion policy; DN City Development Master Plan to 2020 with a vision to 2030 and 2045 Result: planning the IZs, creating necessary ground area Big difficulty: the city land bank is limited Reason: the master plan and determination of land standards for the industry have not been clearly oriented with any industry 2.2.2.3 Regarding the group of policies and measures to boost exports for the city's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry a,Group of policies and solutions toward export thanks to the development of competitiveness of export electronic products In terms of added value (VA), since 2014, the government has built a scheme to improve the competitiveness of exported goods; Solutions: focus on supporting key and key export products; Results: VA of the industry failed This limitation is the consequence of the lack of policies to develop production models, SI Regarding the development of competitiveness thanks to the competitive advantage of infrastructure for export: the system of seaports, airways, railways, roads, accommodation and tourism has been renovated and developed Restrictions on container lines have become untouched and the East-West corridor has not been exploited Regarding the competitive advantage of labor price in the industry: By 2018, the labor price in the industry of DN city was the 3rd largest in the country after Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, but the 11th lowest in Asia, the average salary increases, is beneficial So Regarding the improvement of the quality of export electronic products: this is meeting the quality requirements of some EP import markets but there have been passive, few initiatives, improvements, R&D Regarding the development of the business environment: well implementing the administrative procedures and national single-window mechanism well, online 17 public service policies, customs procedures, electronic C/O issuance, banking services, transportation, forwarding, logistics; Limitations: methods of guidance, deployment, products and services are not abundant, logistics is developing slowly and costs are still high b, Regarding the development of the market and boosting exports of electronic products Regarding policies on market forecasts: more than 80% of enterprises in the industry still don't know the information Policies to support enterprises in market information and trade promotion for the industry: Since 2014, there has been a policy to support the implementation of trade promotion programs; Results: many conferences, forums and seminars have been organized to promote investment attraction in the field of electronics industry; Limitations: not yet specialized in the field of export electronic product manufacturing, the number of participants is quite small Regarding policies to encourage the export of electronic products: from 2013-2018, more than 11 policies related to support for businesses have been issued; Limitations: the support solution is not large enough, large scale and not synchronized Regarding import incentive policies for technological machinery, equipment for export electronic product manufacturing: Decision No 34/2016/QD-UBND, November 01, 2016: machinery and equipment for import electronic product manufacturing complies with the regime of import-export or export-processing or temporary import or re-export (most of the import tax rate is 0%); Limitations: lack of a system of industry-oriented standards for producing modern electronic products to enjoy preferences Regarding credit policies to encourage import and output export: Decision No 36/2013/QD-UBND, November 13, 2013, supporting interest rates for investment loans, importing equipment, machinery, raw materials and fuels for export production; Limitations: not yet favorable and sustainable, the mechanism to remove obstacles Regarding policies to promote exports based on branding for businesses and export electronic products: there is the city trade promotion program, period 2016-2020 Limitations: The city's own electronic product brand has not yet been established Regarding facilitating associations for the development of electronic product manufacturing industry: VEIA's existence in DN city is its pervasive power, the ability to advise and provide industry development information Regarding promoting exports based on the development of modern export methods: limitations: specific solutions to develop the industry in terms of foreign trade techniques are limited, the capacity of import and export officials is also limited 2.2.3 Assessing the results of policies to develop Da Nang's export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry in the period of 2013-2018 2.2.3.1 Evaluation of policy making 2013-2018, more than 20 series of guiding documents were issued, and by 2015, EOEPMI began to be mentioned in the decisions of the City People's Committee 2.2.3.2 Assessment of objectives Reach the speed goal, the other goal is not yet reached 2.2.3.3 Assessment according to the prediction approach No industry forecasts 18 2.2.3.4 Evaluation according to criteria Not met the requirements, set goals and industry standards 2.3 GENERAL ASSESSMENT ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORTORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DA NANG CITY IN THE 2013-2018 PERIOD 2.3.1 Achievements and reasons Creating an initial basis, creating momentum for EOEPMI development of the city Subjective reasons: DN city has quite a dynamic government, supportive of the people; the contribution of scientists; the central government is interested in the direction of strategy and a number of specific policies with the support of budget capital; the participation of organizations such as VCCI, VEIA in DN City; The objective reason: the investment cooperation of EP export enterprises (FDI) in IZs 2.3.2 Basic limitations and causes The sector's scale is limited, the position of the industry ranking is not sustainable, there has not been a strong breakthrough, the scale of the exportoriented position of the industry has not been significant compared to many similar localities and cities Subjective reasons: on the side of the city government, planning and concretizing policies and strategies: just stopping at the extensive scope, without a comprehensive and synchronized master plan on branch development in particular; lack of theoretical and scientific development systems On the side of the implementing entities (enterprises): lack of key investment, limited industry information For the State, the Government, the ministries and sectors: The guiding policies have been limited, the support solutions are still limited On the industry association's side, there are not many necessary activities to actively support industry development Objective reasons: On the investors' side: the form and level of investment are not commensurate; Competition among localities to attract investors; The requirement for EP development is increasingly shorter CHAPTER PROPOSING SEVERAL SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DANANG CITY 3.1 SITUATION AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DANANG CITY IN THE PERIOD TO 2025 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS 19 3.1.1 Domestic and foreign context affecting the development of the exportoriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Danang city to 2025 and subsequent years From 2018 to 2023: the world's leading countries consuming electronic product are: China, the United States, Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom; the global consumer electronics market is expected to surpass USD 1,500 billion by 2024 (increasing more than 540%) After 2020: Consumer smart electronic products will increase by +24% CAGR(Compound growth coefficient);Wearable device sales will increase by 23%; smart home appliances will increase by +23%; electronic devices and equipment used in other industries will increase by >11% Key markets are: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia - Pacific except Japan, the Middle East and Africa More than 15 new markets have not yet been entered 3.1.2 Advantages and opportunities 3.1.2.1 Advantages The interest of the central government; the enterprises and people approvingly support the industry’s development; consumer demand for electronic products in the world has increased rapidly; the consumption market is expanding; the effects from the economy on exports; DN city has an administrative system that is reforming in a dynamic and advanced manner 3.1.2.2 Opportunities The movement of investment capital according to the industry value chain in search of added value; benefits from new free trade agreements; new projects on the High-Tech Park, the East-West Corridor in DN City bring many opportunities for industry development 3.1.3 Difficulties, threats and challenges 3.1.3.1 Difficulties.Lack of resources for manufacturing (exogenous factors); limited land area; slow innovation of industry development strategy thinking in chains; lack of supporting industries; limited capital scale; high quality human resources, finance, and infrastructure are not yet sufficient 3.1.3.2 Risks Delayed development of endogenous factors; lack of calculating policies and solutions on the structure of export investment products, form of production; disorientation; passive private enterprises; risk of isolation due to competition 3.1.3.3 Threats Under competitive pressure against Imported EP; protectionist pressure from consumer market; competition among suppliers; reliance on inputs; It is difficult to access the global supply chain relating the EOEPMI 3.1.4 New requirements 20 It is necessary to take advantage of the opportunities to quickly develop the industry, to immediately overcome problems and shortcomings; in the new context, there is a need to identify specific and feasible goals and to proactively find a reasonable solution 3.2 DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION OF THE EXPORT-ORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DANANG CITY IN THE PERIOD OF 2020-2025 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS 3.2.1 General orientation for industrial development in VN and DN City From 2018-2025, on the Central Party's side, there was Resolution 23/ TW, dated 22.03.2018, on the orientation to formulate a national industrial development policy by 2030, with a vision to 2045 (including contents), further affirming the development of the processing and manufacturing industry as the center; Developing intelligent manufacturing industry is a breakthrough Latest on 18.03.2020, Decision 393/QD-TTg on Approving the Adjusted Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development of DN City to 2020, vision to 2030 General objective: emphasize the construction of high-tech industry , SI, Logistics are key 3.2.2 Policy orientation for development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of DN city in the period of 2020-2025 and subsequent years a, Some views Developing EOEPMI of DN City into a key industry is the mission of DN city government There is a focus on developing both width and depth The orientation is towards export-oriented industrialization Formulating policies in the order of priority proved in the theory: manufacturing and producing areas; production scale and export orientation b, Some goals towards Structure of export production EP: reaching the proportion of 10-15% (GO) in the period of 2020-2025, maintaining the growth rate of over 52% Increase the contribution level (GO) to the whole industry by 10-12% Production models, technology, SI, HQHR: there are 1-2 enterprises achieving a stable position in the industry value chain of large electronics corporations Capital scale, with key enterprises reaching billion USD The production area will reach around 1,000 by 2030 (including industrial and inter-regional clusters) Export orientation: reaching 33% - 42% of the total export turnover of DN city and contributing 1-1.5% of the total export turnover of the whole country, expanding to market is North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia - Pacific (except Japan), Middle East and Africa 3.3 A NUMBER OF MAJOR SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP THE EXPORTORIENTED ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF DANANG CITY 21 3.3.1 Group of solutions for making policy plans for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of DN City The city government must prepare resources to participate in the industry, restructure the industry management structure, complete the system of strategies, policies, tools, measures, assignment and estimation of finance and human resources 3.3.2 Solutions of policies on developing manufacturing and producing areas for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Danang City 3.3.2.1 Solutions for policies on development of key export EP structure for production and export Establishing an export production structure of EP in the chains (in stages of the 2-nationals models) to meet export markets (2018-2025 and 2030) There is an attractive solution for enterprises investing in the right direction, promoting investment on a large scale at home and abroad on the structure of EP production for export under the value chain of large electronics corporations 3.3.2.2 Solutions for policies to develop key export electronic product production models of Da Nang city Establish a production model in the industry value chain Government: building a production model in the chain accompanied by EP positioning and production technology; introduction of production models, promotion of investment attraction in the industry, preferential conditions, support for investment in the right of key production models Propose to central government specific guidance on value chain approach 3.3.2.3 Solutions for science and technology development policies for industry development of DN City Transfer advanced technology according to the production model and export-oriented EP from large-scale investors Major in the global value chain, reaching the current advanced level of the world Building a list of advanced technologies that need investment and cooperation; identify technology transfer methods; upgrade and innovate technology evaluation and appraisal methods Update technology standards of leading electronics industry corporations Proposing the government to create opportunities for exchanges, contact with major electronics corporations and guide industry technology standards 3.3.2.4 Solutions for supporting industry development policies and symbiotic factors for the industry Development of the industry in close and full relationship between export EP manufacturing enterprises with SI, regional linkages and Symbiotic factors Government: building a list of SI industries for the industry, calling for, encouraging cooperation, investing in production and business of SI EI industries with high levels of specialization and large scale Proposing to the Government the list of key SI for the industry 22 3.3.2.5 Solutions for developing high quality human resources for the industry Having sufficient HQHR to operate production and business activities: processing; ODM; OEM; EMS; Long-term R&D, stable and mastered advanced technology, towards self-reliance Government: cooperating with big corporations, attracting experts, good labor, talents; on-site training; send for training; cooperate in training, scientific research, inviting a team of teaching experts to the city; build nuclear facilities for science and technology development for the industry Proposing the Government, policies to attract HQHR from abroad, supporting the financial resources for investment in R&D centers 3.3.3 Group of solutions to develop production scale for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Da Nang city 3.3.3.1 Solutions for capital scale development policies for EOEPMI development Government: understanding the market, the needs of investors, building content for professional offerings, professional marketing; create opportunities to attract investment capital from all economic sectors through various forms of investment cooperation; FDI, P.P.P (sources from FDI, private sector, proposals for ODA creation) 3.3.3.2 Solutions for policies on development of land areas for EOEPMI Scale of industrial zones, industrial complexes>1000ha, calling for investment in the right direction; flexible and adequate financial support to create motivation; quickly and smoothly settling investment and land licensing procedures; general mobilization of investment forms: FDI; P.P.P; B.O.T; B.T Propose the Government to remove difficulties due to the area of macro planning 3.3.4 Solutions for developing export policies for the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry of Danang City 3.3.4.1 Group of solutions to develop export-oriented policies thanks to the development of competitiveness of export electronic products a, Solutions for developing competitiveness based on added value (VA) Government: encourage enterprises to apply quality management solutions for the entire TQM, research, innovation, R&D, stimulate innovation, creatively improve labor productivity, reduce costs according to electricity group standards To increase VA (increase VA/GO), increase competitiveness for EP exports b, Solutions for developing competitiveness thanks to the competitive advantage of infrastructure for export To re-plan routes for transporting import and export cargo containers, focusing on the East-West corridor and seaport c, Solutions for developing competitiveness thanks to the competitive advantage of labor prices in the industry Thanks to low labor costs in export EP prices, labor productivity has to be improved according to industry standards Government: ensure the improvement of quality HR, working conditions, good working environments 23 d, Solutions for developing competitiveness based on improving the quality of exported electronic products Building sources of funding, financial support, encouragement, awarding, certification for businesses, creative and innovative workers (R&D) in production innovation to improve quality Updating and applying the standard requirements of the market and importing enterprises e Solutions for developing competitiveness thanks to business environment development Administration should be clear; the quality of public services should be improved Complete the legal environment, develop policies to protect industrial property rights; promote reform of administrative procedures, actively contact, remove and resolve feedback from enterprises investing in production and exports 3.3.4.2 Solutions for market development and export of electronic products a, Solutions for developing policies on forecasting export markets Ensure the current export market and expand (2018 to after 2030) Strengthen statistics, provide the earliest forecast information about market demand and situation, support enterprises to improve the use of e-commerce tools, update market information b, Solutions for trade promotion and expansion of export markets Providing market information to businesses Promote, introduce and call for regular promotion with diversified forms (trading floors, fairs, forums, online ) in order to provide wide-ranging information to markets wishing to import the EP aperture c, Solutions on policies to encourage promotion the export of electronic products Strive to increase EP export turnover to developed markets Guide enterprises to strictly comply with export procedures and C / O dossiers to enjoy FTA incentives and preferential policies, speeding up the export progress d, Solutions for credit and financial policies to encourage inputs and outputs for the industry Support and encourage imports according to the policy of orienting the production areas at the input and creating favorable conditions for boosting the export of output, mainly preferential tariffs, quick removal of import and export procedures, C/O Disseminate and train enterprises to grasp the conditions for FTA tax exemptions and reductions, develop various forms of credit, appropriate payment methods, and reduce banking fees for payment services e, Solutions for policies to promote exports based on branding for enterprises and export electronic products To work in coordination with import and export management agencies to actively protect brands of existing investors; quick branding and timely registration of protection Currently, ensure the origin standards, preferential g, Solutions for facilitating associations for the development of the electronic product manufacturing industry Creating assistance and effective 24 support from these organizations in the sector development Encouraging the establishment of sectoral boards and associations h, Solutions for promote exports based on the development of modern export methods Strengthen import and export skills and capacities of import and export staff in enterprises in the industry Funding for training, forums, in-house training, consulting on import and export operations CONCLUSION Starting from the theoretical basis: choosing industrialization will create solid industrial premises, promoting other fields; Export orientation is suitable for developing countries because it creates foreign currency to transfer science and technology, HR and the lack of factors to shorten the transition With that in mind, the goal of industrial development is to target key industries that are appropriate to the conditions of your locality Developing EOEPMI is an objective requirement for many key localities and cities of the nation The development of this industry must meet the requirement of achieving pioneering and sustainability (long-term and stability); in order to so, the industry must: Achieve the position (manufacturing and producing areas); Achieve scale (capital, production area, industrial clusters, inter-region); Achieve exportoriented requirements (competitiveness, market development), while ensuring the development of both breadth (scale) and depth (advanced and modern quality) Da Nang is under the Central Government of VN that has the basis for developing this field From 2018 onwards, there were initial results in creating a premise for industry development such as: development IZs, attract a number of businesses to invest in the industry and improve its position in the industry structure of the city as well as the position of export turnover However, the actual results in the period of 2013-2018 show that the development of the industry has not achieved the desired goals, the scale is limited, the value of the industry's contribution to the economic development of the city as well as the country In addition, the country is still modest, has not created a stable position in the regional or global value chain of major electronics industry corporations, enterprises in the industry are mainly outsourcing, assembling, lacking SI, weak factors, auxiliary factors, symbiotic, not reaching the scale of industrial clusters, the main inputs are based on imports and the dependence is quite high These are shortcomings, limitations and urgent tasks that need to be addressed for the thesis topic With the structure of chapters, the thesis has implemented the following research objectives and tasks: Firstly, the thesis has systematized and clarified the theoretical issue about the development of the export-oriented electronic product manufacturing industry (EOEPMI) in a city, which focuses on explaining basic concepts of industry development (sub-sectoral approach of the electronics industry - EI) in the direction of industrialization towards export (ITE); the characteristics of export electronic products (EEP), the characteristics of the EOEPMI; trends, requirements and conditions on industry development Secondly, the thesis 25 identifies the content system of 03 basic policy groups with sub-areas of industry development policies, including: 1> Group of policies for development of manufacturing and producuring areas (including policies: EEP structure; production models; science and technology (ST); high quality human resources (HQHR); supporting industries (SI) and symbiotic factors for the industry); 2> Group of policies to develop production scale (including development policies: scale of production capital; production areas in industrial zones (IZs) and industrial complexes); 3> Group of export-oriented policies (including policies: improving competitiveness for EEP; developing markets and boosting EP exports) along with a system of criteria for evaluating industry development of the city according to 03 policy groups (width, depth); pointing out the objective and subjective factors affecting the sector’s development Thirdly, the thesis presented the industry development experience of some similar cities at home and abroad according to a number of different contents and criteria, thereby drawing some lessons that can be referenced and noted for DN city Fourth, the thesis has generalized the role, position, comparative advantage and disadvantage of Danang city in EOEPMI development It has analyzed and evaluated the current situation of developing the EOEPMI of DN city and the development status of EOEPMI policies of the DN city in the period of 20132018, to draw assessments in terms of achievement, basic limitations and point out objective and subjective causes Fifthly, the thesis has summarized the situation, new trends and demand for electronic products (EP) of certain countries, identified the advantages, opportunities, difficulties and challenges for EOEPMI of DN city to 2025 and subsequent years Sixthly, the thesis has defined the viewpoints and objectives of the industry’s development; Proposing a number of solutions (apart from the group of solutions for planning and developing policies for industry development, focusing on 03 main groups of solutions) to develop EOEPMI of DN City to 2025 and the following years To the extent permitted and limited to the presentation framework, complete and comprehensive scientific issues on development strategies and policies applicable to the entire EI industry of the city, the thesis has not had conditions to mention, The author would like to continue researching and developing more widely 26 ... industry Cause: the attraction of policies to attract capital b, Regarding the land area development planning for EOEPMI of DN City Promulgate preferential policies to attract foreign direct... meet industry standards Government: There are policies and solutions to attract FDI and private capital, proving the attractiveness of the locality Implementing subjects: grasp capital standards... right selection of manufacturing models, technology and electronic products that are needed to attract investment effectively c, The trend of trade liberalization and protection Trade liberalization