Cộng đồng melayu một số vấn đề văn hoá

DAI IIOCOUOCGIA MA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA I IOC XA\ 1101 & NI IAN VAN C()N(JfX)N(; MKLAYU MOT SO VAN DE VAN HOA via so: Q(; 02 - 21 Chii In de (ai: P{;S, TS Vlai Ngoe Chii Nhung ngudi thani gia: Nguyen hanh Hai Lc Thi Muyen Vo Thi Fhu Nguyel Ho Thi Thanh Nguyen hi Hong Phuong Nuu\en Van Vlnh Ha Noi thanu nam 2004 MIJC LiJc: Mo' ddii T;1m ciuan Irong va y nghla ciia de lai Scv luo'c ve Ijch sir nghicMi ciiu van de Dja ban lien hanh nghicn eu'u cS Mue lieu eiia dC lai q Chu'o'n Vhtlay ma goin c;i nhung lo< nuubi ban dia khae nlur Seinanu Xenoi, Jackiin (cV ban dao Mclaka), Diisune Bajan, Murul, Iban, Katasa, Kclahit, x.x (b liac Kalimantan) Tai ca nhuiu toe ngircri na\' (gbm ca Vhilay), nbi chung, deii C() xan hoa ban dia giong iiliai phan biel vcvi nhung nhung toe ngirbi khae nhuTriing Quoc, An Do x.x- IX cb cung van hoa ban dia (deu ki "nhu'ng diia cua dai") vbi nguoi Mala; va chill iinh hu'cVng sau s;ie lu' van hoa cua ngubi Vhilay nen lai ca nhung Ib^ nuubi khae diubc Bumipulra deu diroe coi la ihubc xe cong dong Nhilay No each khiic, \an hoa Mala_\' na\ duoc gu'vi khoa hoc hicu la \aii ho; 11 cua ddi sc-viig hio de)ng, nhung hii uic de)ng hcl siic lo Idn den nun linh \'uc, lir sinh hoiil viln hcvil tinh than den thicii chc chinh iri, kinh le, v.v ihiim chi gdp phiin quiin quyci dinh khuynh hu'e'vng pluil iricn eiia dim le)e cii Irong qiui khu" Vii hien tiii 2.3 Tir eiuvi the ky XIII, Ildi giao dil xiim nhiip viio DcTng Niim A luii dao Vii cd iiie)l vi tri quan irong divi scing chinh Iri vii vi'm heva d dil\ Dell the ky XV, Melakii chT he)i lu diiy dii ciic yen id cuii iii()i nlui nuc'vc Ildi giiio diiu lien trcvng khu vue CYic lieii qude kluic di viio c|uy chio buon ban vdi Melakii dil diln bi Ic tlmcvc vi linh liuln vii trd lluinh lieu ciiieic Ildi uiiio Hoi giiio man chdng pluil liiein Vil chiciin du'oc vi irf quiin Irong Irong xil hen Ciie nirdc Ddng Niiiii A luii diio be Ihdng diing cap An del hie luly ehi Iro nen ldi llidi, klidng chip ling chroc nhu ciiii pluil Irien ciiii llurong liiievng \li Xil Ildi dimg Irong vdng xoiiy ciiii Iclc hiidii hiinjiirong lien c|iidc le TruycMi bii hilnu dirdnu hoa hinh, hiio dunu vil cluin nhan llnVh nuhi vdi ciic Iruycin ihdng Vil lili ngirdiig diii plurong dil giiip Ildi giiio phiil liiein lien nuinh chil Iiily Mcii giiio cilng hiein ddi iihieiu lir liicVng, kluing cdn giu duoc ciic iiguycin Uie vil lap lue Mcii giiio chilih ihdng nui ird lluinh ciii goi hi lloi giiio diin uian Thili eluil chin uiiui lai ciliiu cd clie:u kien hdc Id Mdi giiio d Ddng Nam A luii diiev giin licMi vdi khu vuc ndng llidn, lluinh pluin ndng dan \ii ciic tc)c ngucvi biin diii mac dii Ildi giiicv \cin xiuil jvluil hi Ion giiio cuii ihiuvng nluin diii dicn chcv ddi scTlig tinh lluin cuii gidi lluinli ihi N'uiv nav Ildi uiiio hi mdl ui;i iri lieu bicu chcv nen viin luvii chinh lii Ciic nu'e've Ddnu N;un A hai chio dac biCM hi Uii ciic c|iidc giii cd ildng cong ckliu' lumdi Miihiy sinh sdnu Mdi uiiio dnac xem hi loi song cua ngirdi Miila>, lao lil mdl bien gidi cc)iig ddng nguivi Miilay Idn manh luvn ca bicn gioi c|iioc "ia, khdnu bi rimg buc)c bdi hinh llui, bdi y lluic \ c mol dui chiiih lii iiciiu 186 biel niio NgUevi Mahiy theo Ildi giao, scing iheo nhip dieu llicvi gian cua nguivi Hoi giiio, iln cilc nuin iTii I Idi giiio cho phcp, nuic llieev phong ciich cuii lin dd Hdi giiio Vii ihuc hicn ciic nghi Ic, liip luc I loi giiie) Hdi giiio ducvc ihiia nluin nlur mc)l diic diciin ndi lic)i ciia nOn viin luni Mahiy nhu'ng khdng pluii hT nuTl giii u i uiyCM ddi Lich sir ciic eiiicic uiii Ddnu Nam A hiii diiev hi lich sir numg diim diiu iin I Idi uiiio nhunu I Idi uiiio mdi chi idn Uu c|ua 7, S IIK* ki Irong dd lich sir ehiii lelc hii bix\ chiu 111 UIKVC dci rai lau NluTng giii iri viln luni lic:n I ldi uiiio nui lei lien eiia ho Uio dunu nen cilnu lil nhung di siin cjuy biiu nui c|ude gia lulo cung ciiii pluii gin giil Chi cei sir hoil luyp, bc) sung giila ciic hei giii ui kluic nlum mdi cd llie diim luio su idn Uii hlu diii, hein vung vil jiluil \\\ex\ ciiii ciic iuic)'c Irong khu vuc 2.4 Ncii den nen van hoii ehi chmg, chic sac cuii ngirdi Malay khdng ihc khdng ncii dcai le hcli lei leii Dd hi nhil'ng sinh hoal van hcni linh lluin gan lien vdi ddi sdnu hio ddnu Vil lili nuii'dnu, Uln uiiio ciia cir diin Nhu moi cu elan Ddng Niim A kluic, lir xii xu'ii, ngu'di Miihiy chi cd uii nhieu nghi \e ihd'ciing van Viil, ihd ciing U) lieiiu ciic nghi le vil lei hcli ndng nghieip Nhung lir khoang ihei'ky XIV licVdi, cilng veil vice diio Mdi diro'c lru}ein lui numh liein luin dao ngudi Miiliiy nhiinh chdng liep llui ion giiio mdi \il hal dau id cluic ciic hoi Ic Idn giiio iheo phong lue ehio I Idi Tir diiy lili ngucTiig, phong luc cil lioil nhap cimg vdi Idn giiio mdi lao nen mol ddi sdng \i hcli, le: leii lilt phong plui cua ciic cu" diin hiin diii Wen han diio Mahiy CV) ihci' phan chiii hei ihclng nghi lc\ le IUM luly ihanh ciic loai chinh nlur Siiu: - Ciic nghi lei ihd* ciing id liein - Ciic hcli Ic: ndng- ngir nghieip - Ciic hdi le: idn uiiio (clui \e:u hi dao I loi) 187 Do sir pluil irieii manh ciui diio I Idi Ucn luin diio nen ciie lin nuu'diiu vii phong tuc diln gian eii ngiiy cimg hi hlli ill, nhiii hT ciic nghi Ic thd cilng lo lien xua dii phai nluit di nhieu Song hien viln cdn idn Uii mc)l sd le lu)i mang nguon ge'v'c thd cilng lei liein vii diKvc cir hiinh ircvnu the, dicii hinh nhu le hoi Gawai Anlu Cilc nghi le, le lic)i ndng- ngu nghicp diievc hi nhicu lievn, du khdng ccvn dii di.mg vii cd mill cliiy chic nlur irudc iiuii Tuy nhien, cluing Ui Viln du'cvc cluing kieii clii nuvi hinh lh;ii lin nuu(~vnu ndnu — nuu nuhien nguycin so eiia vice Ion ihdllum dill, lluin nirdc, lluin liia, lluin hiein, lluin mal Irdl Vil lill ngirdng phdn lluic t|iiii null loai le hcli nlur Ic hcli Cixwix'x Da\iik Ic Puju Panlai, le hcli duii ihuycin, hcli llii llui dieu, le: rude lluin liiii, le: hcli llui hoiicii Sir sdng dcing, irong ireo ciiii ciie le hcli luly dil lao nein nel ehic sac c|uycin ril cho nen van lioii ciiii cu diin hiin dia Ddng llidi, nd eilng giii]^ cho ncin Villi lioii ciiii ho IreV lluinh null hd phan uiin uili, uiiii hc> mal ihicl vdi xan hoii biin dia chunu ciiii cii khu vuc Ddnu Nam A Ben canh nhrrnu nuhi le Vil le hdi iiy, cir chin luin diii liein luin diio Malay li^r lulng ihei ky luiy cdn giin bci siiii sac xeVi ciic nghi lei xa Ic hcli dao Hcli Ngiiy le: Ilari Riiyii Piuisii (luiy Ilari Riiyii Aidilfilri) liic hi lei nuin clui\ sau lluing Raiiuidaii dil diroc coi nlur ngiiy Tei eiia ngirdi Malay, Ngcnli cdn cd null loiil Ciie iiuily hcli le leii uiiio kluic cilnu chi iin siiii \ac) ddi sdnu ciiii ho nhir ngiiy le keii lluie chuyeiii luinh hu'oiig (Ihiri Rii\'ii Iliiji), lei hcli Awiil Muhariim, \i ky nieini sinh nlul lien Iri Muhimimad le Ashuiii, le Israk Vil Mikraj , lei Nu/ul Oiiriin, le Miiiuli Sahir Nhung le hcli luly lai keo ce^ng ddnu cir chin Miihiv hii Uiiu veVi ihei uicli Ildi giiio \'il Uio ncn sir dac hielM ciui vieic kel hop luii hoil giilii vixn hoii chin gian luin dia \a \an hoii du nhap Nlifnu' le: hdi, le: leii lien cuii cir chin ban cliii Nhihix, du hi loiu hinh luu) Villi cd mdl vi tri hcl siic c|iuin ircvng Irong dcvi song ciui ho Nd khong clu hi dip vui cluvi, gi;ii iri cho ngirdi dim nui edn numg y iiglii;i Uim hnh sau sac 188 Dong theri, ic hdi, le tei cem tiiev UCMI sir luip diln diu- hicl cho ncn viin luvii cuii cong dcing cu ehln Malay ndi rieng ciing nhu cua cliil nird'c Malaysia ndi chung, hi ycu to e|uan trcMig thu lull kluich chcv ngiinh du lich Malaysia pluil tricii 2.5 Nghei thuat Malay Nhieu Siing Uie the hien tu nghe lluiiil hudi sev kluii eiui ngu'di Maliiy dcv du'eve luu giu tiel-ii nhunu viii lieu lU nhien siin ed diT khdnu the liiinh khdi c|uy lual huy lioiii ciiii mdi irdng ir; nhien xii' ndng, del iim ciio diic Irung eua virng nhieil ddi Them vilo dd, dudi llidi ciini c|uye:n ciiii Slam ford RiilTlcs, nhieu Uic pluim iiuhei lluuil ciiii Miihiy da bi diiii lii nude nuoai ironu nluTnu chien dich siru lap ed c|uy md Vil diiy hoiicli dinh Vi nhung h' kluic nlum ma bo sun Uip ciic Uie pluim ngliei lliual ciiii Miihiy chi khdng the duoc ngii\ en ven nlur x\d vdn cc) Lieh sir iiuhei lluuil Miihiv ironu mcl ui ciiii ciic ciidn siicli phong plui ho'n nhieu so vdi nhil'ng gi ccing delng chin cir luly cdn luu giil hii diro'c Nghe ihudi dicn xiu'/ng Mahiy hi null loiii hinh diic siic diim iihieim cii hai ehiie lUinu Ihci lue vil uim linh Ve nuil linh lluiiu nluiy nuiii du'oc coi nlur mot phu'cvng lien giiio liep \'ii iruyen dal nhung livi ihinh cilii ldi iluTn linh Khia Ciinh kluic, nd hi nu)l hinh lluic de Iruyen hii vii phd hicii ciic iri lluic luin dja, nhung kinh nghiem hay ldi sdlig Uip luc ciui limg diii phucvug dong iluvi ermg hi mdl Ciicli giiii tri plui hien Irong ciic sinh heviil cd linh chiii cevng dong Cimg veil sir pluil Irieii ciui ihcvi giiin, cluic nang the luc ngiiy cimg chiem \ai trd clui diiev Tuy nhien, y nghiii Uim linh cung kluTng vi the nui mai di CM diin chi irevnu mdl sd liiicvnu hcvp nhiil dinh nlur ///(//// p,ileri (mol nghi le Uu tii ma) tin nd nu'vi cd lieng ndi ching ke Vc ceV han nd cluvc chiii lluinh loai: Cilc clieii nuiii siln kluTu; nuiii cung dinh; nuiii dim ui;m: \ii c;ic dicu mua Mahiv hicMi chii Sir phan chi;i ciic dicu inii;i lluinh nhung hmh lluic kli;ic iiluiii 189 luiy dua trcn cil'u Irilc vii nguyen tile lei cluic dieu nuiii: nu)l sddieu nui;i klui phiJc tiip cdn me)t so ihi devn giiin luvn vii diUi viio cluic iiiing cung nhu khiin giil ciia hinh ihi'ic nghe lluuil dd Sir xuiii hien ciia diio Ildi ironu the