Thạch sanh và kiểu truyện dũng sĩ trong truyện cổ việt nam và đông nam a

MUC LUC Trang M6DAU 1- Li chon di tai Lich sir van de .Pham vi va phuong phap nghien cun 13 Nhung dong gop ciia luan an 21 Bo cue ciia luan an 22 N O I DUNG CHUDNG : KHAO SAT SU DIIN H O A CUA CAC MO TIP TRUYEN THACH SANH l.l.Quan niem ve su dien hoa 23 23 12 -Phan tich su diln hoa cua cac mo tip truyen Thach Sanh 12.1 iMo tip dUng si diet ran dc 29 29 12.2 Mo tip dung si diet chim dqi bang 40 12.3 Mo tip di xuong Thuy ciing 48 12.4 Mo tip ngu&i cam 53 12>5 Mo tip tieng dan than ky 58 12.6 Mo tip chong xdm luac 64 1,2.7 Mo tip nieu com than ky 68 CHUDNG : KET CAU TRUYEN THACH SANH 75 2J Su ton tai ciia cac mo tip rieng le 75 22i.Hai nhan vat chinh cua truyen Thach Sanh va su xau chuoi cac mo tip vao cot truyen 22.1 Su xuat hien cua hai nhan vat 77 Tliach Sanh va Ly Thong 77 22*2 Didn tien ciia quan he Thach Sanh - Ly Thong va su xau chu6i cac mo lip vao cot truyen 22.3 Vi cai chet va su hoa than cua nhan vat Ly Thong -3, Luac ket cau cot truyen Thach Sanh 81 85 88 23.1 Luac ket cau tiing mo tip cua truyen 88 -^ Luge ket cau cot truyen Thach Sanh 95 CHUONG : KIEU TRUYEN THACH SANH VIET NAM VA DONG NAM A 3.1 Khao sat tu lieu 3J Quan niem ve kieu truyen Thach Sanh 31.2 So luong va mat cua truydn ^-L3 Dae didm tulieu 98 99 99 01 103 •^ Phan tfch va so sanh kieu truyen Thach Sanh o* Vict Nam va Dong Nam A 105 32.1 Cot truyen co mot mo tip quan 107 ^-2.2 Cot truyen c6 hai mo tip quan 131 32.3 C5't truyen tuong tu cot truyen Thach Sanh 140 -^•2 Nguyen nhan hinh va t6n tai cac mo tip CLia truyen Thach Sanh a Viet Nam va Dong Nam A 147 KET LUAN 153 TULIEU THAM KHAO 157 PHV LUC 165 NHONG CONG TRINH CO LIEN QUAN DEN LUAN AN DA CONG BO 168 MODAU L LI DO CHON DE TAI ll.Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Ti^r dau the ki XX den nay, a nuac ta, van hoc dan gian, c6 truyen c6 da la doi tuong nghien ciru tich cue cua nhi^u nha khoa hoc Bang nhung cong trinh nghien cuu va dich thuat, cac hoc gia da dua viec nghien cuu van hoc dan gian cua ta xich gan hon vai khoa nghien cuu van hoc dan gian quoc le va dat duge nhung tiai kha to Ion No da dat dugc nhung van dt quan c6 tinh chat If luan v6 the loai, (ngu6n goc, ban chat va dac trimg), qua trinh lich sir va phucrng phap nghien cum lac pham phoncolo Tuy vay viec dicing If luan va phuong phap luan tren de' nghien cuu tuong tan mot hoac mot so tac pham van hoc dan gian cu the rat hiem, dac biet la nghien ctrii truyen c6 So lugng cac truyen c6 da dugc nghien cuu rieng chua dem du tren dau ngon tay Do la mot khoang vang khoa hoc ma cong trinh nghien cuu ciia chiing toi muon gop phan bo sung 1.2 YnghTa khoa hoc cua viec nghien ciru di tai Theo chiing toi thi "Thach Sanh" la truyen c6 tfch dung sT n6i bat nhat truyen c6 tfch ciia dan toe Kinh a Viet Nam Cot truyen ciia no da dung hgp dugc nhi6u mo tfp c6 tfch cua cac dan toe khac tren cCing reo dat Viet Nam va cac nirdc khac viing Dong Nam A, dong thai y nghla ciia truyen cung ham chua nhiing di6u sau xa the hien phong each va ban sac dan toe, khien cho no tro mot truyen c6 tfch hap dan va tieu bieu kho tang truyen c6 tfch Viet Nam Nhu vay nghien cuu truyen Thach Sanh, chiing ta se hieu dugc mot each dSy du gia tri tham mi va nhung gia tri khac ciia truyen Han nua nghien cuu truyen Thach Sanh se khong chi thay van de cua ban than tac ph^m ma thong to dugc nhieu van de quan co tfnh chat dac trung cua the' loai c6 tfch ma no la dai dien Vdi nhung y nghla sau xa va rong Ian nhu vay truyen Thach Sanh hoan loan xiing dang dugc nghien cuu mot cong trinh rieng Nhung cho den nay, ngoai mot so y kien ngdn nh^m minh hoa cho mot van d6 nao hoac mot vai danh gia le te, truyen Thach Sanh chua tung dugc nghien ciru Iron ven nhu la mot tac phaim phoncalo Do chfnh la di6u thoi thiic chiing toi lira chon tac ph^m thuc hien dt tai nghien cuu cua minh L3 Y nghla thuc tiln cua viec nghien ciiu di tai.: La mot giao vien giang day van hoc dan gian, viec danh mot thai gian nhat dinh de nghien ciili mot de tai khoa hoc nhu tren la rat can thiet va bo fch doi vai chiing toi Day la dip dt chiing toi chiem nghiem lai va lam ro them nhung van di ly luan va phuang phap luan nghien ciiu van hoc dan gian nhu ban chat va dac trtrng cua van hoc dan gian, nhirng dac diem th6 loai va tieu loai cua no Day ciing la dip de chiing toi thuc hanh nhieu thao tac khoa hoc cin than han tat ca mgi truong hgp chiing toi da tung nghien cuu va trinh bay trudc day Nhung van d^ chiing toi tiep thu dugc qua trinh nghien ciiu va hoan luan an chac chdn se giiip cho viec nghien cuu, giang day va huong dSn nghien cuu khoa hoc cua sinh vien co hieu qua hon Muc dfch ciia viec nghien ciiu de tai Muc dfch truac het ma de tai cua chiing toi muon huong tai la; Khao sat loan bg cac motip n6i bat nhat cua truyen co tfch Thach Sanh du6i hai goc lich su va cau triic, tCr tim hieu kieu truyen Thach Sanh tren cac pham vi rgng Ion hon La mot mon nghe thuat, truyen c6 tfch co nhiing dac trung rieng ciia no No sinh ra, ton tai va luii iruydn tijr dai sang dai khac, dugc sang tao va tai tao theo nhung quy luat rieng Khi nghien cuu van hoc dan gian theo phuong phap so sanh - lich su, lien sT B N Puchilop da rat chii y den "tfnh lap lai" va coi no nhu mot dac tfnh n6i bat cua van hoc dan gian (A66,tr76) Tfnh lap lai &y dugc bieu hien kha dam truyen c5 tfch, lam cac kieu truyen No vugt ngoai bien giai cac quoc gia, mang nhieu yeu to tuong dong ca a cac dan toe khac rat xa Thach Sanh cung nhu da so truyen c6 tfch lieu bieu khac khong bao gio la mot hien tugng ca biet, tach roi he thong ma lu6n luon n^m mot kidu truyen nao do, Tuc la nhidu mo tfp ciia truyen hoac CO ca cot truyen co mat nhidu truyen co tfch khac ciia cac dan toe lang gieng Tat ca tao mot he thong dkng lap voi nhung he th6'ng khac va tao su phong phii ma vin gian di cua truyen co Tat nhien su giong giOa chiing khong bao gia la tuyet doi Vi vay truyen Thach Sanh nhu mot ca the se dugc dat vao tuong quan so sanh voi kieu truyen Thach Sanh a cac dan toe Viet Nam va cac nuac Dong Nam A Lam nhu the la chiing toi muon tu goc mot tac phaim, tai hien lai nhung moi lien he co tfnh chat he thong voi nhimg tac phaim khac loan vCmg, iu CO thd thay ro hon ca nhirng net doc dao mang ban sac dan toe va nhung net tuong dong mang dam tfnh chat cong dong cua kieu truyen Chac chan nghien cuu truyen Thach Sanh va kieu truyen Thach Sanh truyen co tfch Viet Nam va Dong Nam A se dem den cho chiing toi nhidu di^u hap dSn va bo fch viec nghien ctin va giang day van hoc dan gian 1.5- Nhiem vu cua viec nghien cuu di tai Khi thuc hien de tai chiing toi nh^m thuc hien nhung nhiem vu sau: - Khao sat ngudn goc va di6n tien cua mot so mo tfp noi bat cua truyen Thach Sanh - Tim hieu mo hinh ket cau cua truyen Thach Sanh - Xac dinh cac tieu loai cua truyen Thach Sanh o Viet Nam - Tim hieu nhung net tuong dong va nhCrng net khac biet cua truyen Thach Sanh va kieu iruyen Thach Sanh of Viet Nam - Tim hie'u net tuong d6ng va nhung net khac biet cua kieu truyen Thach Sanh o Viet Nam voi kieu truyen Dong Nam A ^-LICHSLTVANDE: Nhu tren chiing toi da trinh bay, Thach Sanh la mot so ft truyen co tfch tieu bieu cua Viet Nam xiing dang dugc nghien ciru nhung cong trinh rieng Lau no chua dugc danh cho mot chuyen luan nhung da co nhieu nha nghien ciiu de cap den no cong trinh nghien ciiu ciia minh _ 2.1- Ve van de nguon goc truven: Thang nam 1956 Tap san Van Su Dia so 19, V6 Xuan Pho viet bai "Gop y kien ve nguon goc truyen Thach Sanh " Sau so sanh mot chiit truyen Thach Sanh ciia ta voi nhiing truyen co mo tfp tuong tu a Cao Mien (Campuchia), dac biet la truyen"Thach Sanh chem ch^ng",6ng neu mot nghi van: "Truyen Thach Sanh co lien quan gi den "Thach Sanh chem ch^ng" a Cao Mien khong ?" Nam 1957 Hoa B^ng viet cuon "Khao luan v^ truyen Thach Sanh" dua tren ba van ban truyen tho Nom, tac gia cung da dat van d^ vi nguon goc cua truyen Thach Sanh Ong viet : " Truyen Thach Sanh mot ang van hoc dan gian cua Viet Nam, chang nhieu thi ft chkc the nao cung co dfnh Ifu vi nguon goc voi truyen "Thach Sanh chem chang" cua Mien nguon goc thi phai noi la ciing tir An Do ".( A6, 15-17) Nam 1963 bai vie't "Dung sy diet dai bang ciiu nguoi dep" truyen c6 Viet Nam va Dong Nam A, Cao Huy Dinh da khai thac kha ti mi mot mo tfp cua truyen co Viet Nam va Dong Nam A giong mo tfp ''Thach Sanh" Sau dua rat nhieu dSn chiing sinh dong, ong ggi y mot each suy nghi moi ve ngu6n goc truyen Ong viet: "Vay co nen tim nguon goc truyen Thach Sanh mot thai ky xa xua hon va kh6ng?"(A105,tr25I) tren que huong Viet Nam Tuy CO phan than song y kien cua Cao Huy Dinh da ggi y cho chiing toi nhieu di^u nghien ciiu truyen co tfch GSn muoi nam sau bai viet cua Cao Huy Dinh, Phan Nhat bai "Tim hieu truyen Tiach Sanh o Cao Binh, Hoa An, Cao B^ing" sau dua kha nhidu dau tfch vi hanh trang cua cac nhan vat ciia truyen Thach Sanh hien vSn t6n tai o Cao Binh nhu : Thach Sanh hai ciii a Ngirom Sua ve ban chg Cao Binh, dem ngii o cay da Cao Binh, Ly Thong que a Muc Ma (thi xa Cao B^ng), noi giet ch^n tinh la chiia Do, co gai dep bi dai bang cap vao hang Nguom Sua, sau Ly Thong l^'p hang, Thach Sanh theo duong nuac thong tir song song B^ng de den xii* Long Vuang ( A 53, Tr 4), ong khang dinhrngt each chdc ch^n truyen Thach Sanh la truyen ciia Viet Nam Ong viet: "Thach Sanh la ket qua cong lao boi dap cua mien niii va mien xuoi, ciia qua trinh lich su lau dai cung doan ket chien dau ben giua dan toe Viet va Tay ciing cac dan tgc thieu so khac."(A53, TrlO) Cung muoi nam sau bai viet cua Cao Huy Dinh, loi noi dau cuon "Kho tang truyen c5 tfch Viet Nam" tai ban Ian thii" tu, ong Nguyen D6ng Chi da de cap mot chut ve ngu6n goc truyen Thach Sanh, Ong viet: " Dan toe Viet Nam liic co cugc banh truong manh me vi phfa Nam Trong cugc "di thuc" lien tiep va so nay, kho tang truyen c6 tfch cua chiing ta lai tiep thu kha nhieu nhiing truyen cua cac dan tgc anh em va cac dan toe lang gidng nhu Champa, d6ng bao Tay Nguyen, Lao, Khome Ciing nhu truyen Tam Cam, nhiing truyen Thach Sanh, truyen Hai anh em va cho da, truyen Tho va Ho diu CO mot nguon goc co the ngo la tu phuong Nam truydn vao "( A10, TI, tr72) Cong trinh "Kho tang truyen co tfch Viet Nam" chii yeu la cong trinh suu tap, nhung phan nghien cuu a dSu tap I, tac gia da gop nhieu y kien xac dang va co gia tri khoa hoc cao Rieng y kien vi ngu6n goc truyen Thach Sanh, mac dii da co ggi y cua Cao Huy Dinh nhung Nguydn D6ng Chi v§n cho r^ng cot truyen Thach Sanh co ngu6n goc ngoai lai va lir phfa Nam Dieu khing dinh lai nhu vay khien chiing toi phai can nhac nhieu hon nghien Clin truyen co tich Gan day nhat la bai viet ciia Chieng Xom An, nguoi Campuchia in Tap chf Van hoa dan gian so nam 1991:" Mot so suy nghi vi nguon goc truyen Thach Sanh" Tac gia cho rang: " Phat giao An Do hay di ban "Thach Sanh chem ch^ng " cua nguoi Kho me ft co kha nang la diem khoi dau cho cau chuyen Thach Sanh Viet Nam Dong thoi chiing ta can liru y, cho den nay, nguoi ta chua phat hien bat ky di ban nao viet b4ng ngon ngO Khome chfnh thong co noi dung gan gui voi Thach Sanh cua nguoi Viet tren loan lanh tho Campuchia "(Al, tr 47) Dira vao mot so chi tiet ciia truyen Thach Sanh theo tac gia co lien quan den co tuc Trung Hoa nhu chi tiet cong chiia Quynh Nga gieo cau ken ch6ng va Thach Sanh bdn ten len troi du6i dai bang, tac gia nghi r^ng "co le mot so tap tuc, tham chf nhilu tro choi mang tfnh van hoa cua Trung Hoa c6 dai da co nhCrng tac dong nhat dinh toi chi tiet cua cau chuyen Thach Sanh ", Nhu vay Chieng Xom An da b6 sung them mot huong suy nghT vi ngudn gd'c Thach Sanh von la van de da co nhieu y kien ban luan Ciing tim nguon goc truyen Thach Sanh nhung lai diing ixx goc khac goc th^ loai, mot so nha nghien ciru da kh^ng dinh rkng " Thach Sanh" thoat ky thuy la th^n thoai Hai ong Dinh Gia Khanh va Chu Xuan Dien cu6'n "Lich s\x van hoc Viet Nam - Van hoc dan gian" tap II da viet :"Truyen Thach Sanh thi von la thdn thoai dirge chuyen dan truyen co tfch " (A35,T2,tr88) Co le anh huong cua thuyet "Thdn thoai hoc" nghien ciiii truyen CO tfch cua mot so hoc gia Nga va phuong Tay nen cac tac gia tren duong nhu coi Thach Sanh co ngu6n goc than thoai la chdc chan ma khong can chiing minh Chiing toi cho r^ng y kien cdn phai dugc nghien ciin them 2- Ve gia tri ciia truven Thach Sanh Tit trang 86 den trang 170 cuon "Lich su van hoc Viet Nam - Van hoc dan gian" tap II, ban ve nhung gia tri khac cua truyen c6 tfch, hai ong Dinh Gia Khanh va Chu Xuan Dien da nhieu Ian nhac den truyen Thach Sanh nhu la tac phaim minh hoa cho kien giai khoa hoc ciia minh Vf du noi vi gia tri hien thuc va siic song cua Iruyen, hai ong viet: " Anh chang Thach Sanh o tiip leu tranh dudi goc da voi luoi biia, ganh cui, tu bao gio r6i vSn gan giai voi nhan dan va hinh anh nguoi ti^u phu vam vo, dong kho tranh dan gian o cac chg que let da kh^c sau vao lam trf nguoi nong dan tir nho tuoi "(A35, T2, tri22) Tiee r^ng binh luan vi Thach Sanh hai ong duong nhu quen mat xuat phat diem cua hinh tugng la truyen co dan gian, nen Thach Sanh dugc phan tfch nhu mot nguoi anh hiing nong dan the ky thu XVIII bdng xuong bdng thit, "cugc dau tranh cho chfnh nghla".(Xin xem them iix trang 134 den trang 138, tu lieu A35, T2) Cong trinh nghien cuu ctia hai ong thien vi khuynh huong sir dung phuang phap nghien ciin ngu van hoc Vi vay mac dii dSn chiing dua kha sinh dong va lai bien giai rat can ke, duong nhu cac ong da dl den tan cCing cua phuong phap nghien ciin ngu van, chiing toi vdn thay duong nhu thieu mot cai gi nira Hoa Bdng viet cuon "Khao luan ve truyen Thach Sanh" da danh hai chuong III va IV di trinh bay gia Iri tu tuong va nghe thuat cua truyen Thach Sanh Neu gat bo mot so ddn chung lay tir truyen Nom thi nhung dliu ong noi vi cot truyen va chi tiet cung co the' coi la noi vi truyen c6 tfch Thach Sanh, boi cot truyen Nom hoan loan dua vao cot iruyen c5 tfch Ong da danh cam tinh sau s4c ciia minh de suy ton y nghia cao ca cua tac phaim phan ket luan ong viet : "Neu so mot vai uu diem truyen Tliach Sanh nhu the, CO the tam ket luan rkng tac gia cua no, mot phdn nao, dudi hinh thii'c van hoc dan gian, da bieu hien dugc nhiing net so sai ma tham thfa, vkn tat ma sau xa ciia chu nghla nhan van va chu nghTa hien thuc." Ve nghe thuat, ong da quan tam den cac chi tiet nhu : riu, biia, cung ten, nieu com, cay dan ciia Thach Sanh Nhung ong chi diing lai d sir khdng dinh vai tro cua nhiJng cong cu va vu khf doi voi Thach Sanh, lam sang danh them nhirng hanh dong anh hiing hay nghe sT, d nguoi dung si nong dan ay ma thoi Viec nhan manh y nghia xa hoi ciia cac hinh tugng tren da lam bien mat tfnh ky ao von tao ve dep cua truyen co tfch Nam 1971, md dau cuon "Truyen Thach Sanh", Huynh Ly va Nguy6n Xuan Lan da danh gia: "Cau chuyen chang Thach Sanh, truyen co tfch, doi tir liic nao khong biet, tii' dau den khong xac dinh cho, nhung qua that ft CO nhirng "sir tfch" ph6 bien nhu no No g^n li6n vdi sinh boat tinh than cua nhan dan ta" (A41,tr7) Trong cuon "Tim hieu tien trinh van hoc dan gian Viet Nam " ong Cao Huy Dinh da danh tir trang 146 den trang 148 de ca nggi gia tri cua truyen co tfch Thach Sanh Ong viet :" Thach Sanh da ket hgp may y nghia chinh phuc tu nhien, dau tranh xa hoi, khang dinh long nhan Cugc dau tranh lau dai, quyct liet nhung tat thdng Nguoi lao dong ngheo kh6 ay vixa la nguoi hiin vita la diing sT O day tinh than quyet chien quyet thang ke thii cung dugc ket hgp diing ddn vdi long yeu hoa binh chan chfnh va sir khoan hong cao ca cua ngudi chien sT nhan dan Ro rang la y chf va tinh cam, trf tue va nghe thuat, siic manh va chien thAng tuyet vdi cua nhan dan da dugc khai quat bieu tugng ngudi diing si diet chan tinh san dai bang Thach Sanh la mot ban anh ca dep (A20, 146-148) O trang 148 ong lai khdng dinh mot Idn niJa: "Thach Sanh da long hgp ca ly tudng dan chii, nhan dao va dan tgc vao mot hinh tugng va cot truyen da dang ma nhat quan, hao ma binh di, hien thuc ma lang man Trong Thach Sanh co mgi gia tri truyen thong ciia than thoai, CO tfch, dan ca, tuc ngii va sir ca Viet Nam" (A20,trl48) Tim hieu tac phdm trdn phuong didn kd't cau la mot nhiing van de mdi va then chdt nghidn ciiu van hgc va van hgc dan gian, song dd lap dugc mot so dd kd't ca'u day dii va chfnh xac vd tac phdm la dieu khdng don gian Vide lam ciia chung tdi la nghien ciiu kd't ca'u khdng phai bdt ddu tir kd't ca'u cua ban than cac md tfp hay tac pham dang dn dinh cua nd Tac phdm nghe thuat la mot tdng hda ciia rat nhieu yeu td nhu tai nang nghe thuat ciia quan chung, y thiic tu tudng, vdn sdng, trinh tu duy, truydn thdng van hda, quan niem nghe thuat Phan tich tac phdm la kham pha su* tdng hda dd Tac phdm van hgc dan gian nhung dac trung ridng ciia nd, tir ddu da khdng cd mot cdt truydn va kd't ca'u dn dinh Chung tdi da tim hidu kd't ca'u tac phdm bdt dau tir ngudn gdc ciia timg md tfp cua nd, lan theo dudng didn hda de tha'y su bid'n ddi, phan tfch kd't cau tac phdm d dang dn dinh va lap md hinh kd't cau ciia nd la vide lam cudi cimg ciia chung tdi Tir nhiing ly luan chung vd van hgc dan gian va kd't cau tac phdm, van dung phuong phap nghidn ciiu lidn nganh dan tgc hgc, sir hgc, ngu van hgc, luan van da soi sang mot tac phdm cu thd, ly gidi ca tfnh phd bidn va tfnh dgc dao ciia tac phdm, lam ndi rd nhiing van de ly luan khd khan bdng nhiing ddn chiing cu the va sinh ddng Vide phan tfch mot tac phdm khdng phai chi de hidu tac pham dd ma dieu quan trgng hon la dm phuong phap tdt nhat de tir mdt tac phdm cu the, cd thd cd cdng cu dd kham pha nhiing tac pham khac ddp theo Vi vay, d gdc nao dd, luan an da gdp thdm tid'ng ndi vao phuong phap luan phan tfch tac pham phdncolo Nd se bd fch cho nhung quan tam tdi van de Ddi chid'u mot tac phdm, mdt kieu truydn ciia truydn cd tfch Viet Nam vdi kieu truydn dd d cac nude Ddng Nam A chfnh la da lam rd thdm nhung yd'u td van hgc dan gian cd tinh chat vung va mot sd yd'u td mang sdc thai ridng dgc dao cua Viet Nam Dieu gdp phan khing dinh thdm rang: Ddng Nam A la mot vung van hda Do ddi sdng kinh te, sinh boat vat chat, dieu kien tu nhien va hoan canh lich sir cd phdn gidng ndn da ndy sinh mot sd 154 truydn va kieu truydn cd phdn gidng toan vimg, va nguge lai, nhung truydn va kieu truydn cd phdn gidng toan viing da gian tid'p phan chieu nhung didu kien sinh boat vat chat va tinh than tuong ddi gidng dd Trdn thuc te, truydn dQng sT la mdt tieu loai truydn kha phong phu ca vd sd lugng va kidu loai Song cac kieu truydn dung sT khac nhu dung sT diet hd bao, dQng sT diet ydu quai, cac chang trai khoe, cac chang trai tai gidi cung chua dugc nghidn ciin sau Tir su phan tfch kieu truydn dQng sT Thach Sanh, can ban cgung tdi da xac dinh dugc phuong hudng va da cd cdng cu dd tid'p tuc nghidn cun nhiing kieu truydn dung sT khac Hoan timg budc vide nghidn ciin tieu loai truydn dQng sT la didu mong mudn dd'p theo cua chiing tdi Mdi kieu truydn vdi nhirng dac diem gidng va khac se lam biic chan dung dQng sT truydn cd va sd lam rd thdm mot sd van de li thuyd't cua kieu truydn Hon nua, truydn Thach Sanh cung mdi chi dugc nghidn ciin d Viet Nam va Ddng Nam A song chung tdi bid't rang kieu truyen khdng chi cd d pham vi dan tgc va vimg ma cdn la mdt nhiing kieu truyen phd bid'n d nhieu nude trdn thd'gidi (J Nga, Phap, Dire Anh ddu cd kidu truyen Tac gia cud'n "He tudng Diic" da vidt: "Nhiing dieu kien gidng nhau, su ddi lap gidng xet toan bg, nha't dinh phai lam sinh nhung phong tuc gidng khdp mgi noi." (A43,tr 59) Ta't nhidn khdng phai kidu truyen nao cQng la kieu truydn cd mat khdp the gidi, nhung nd'u cac dan tgc deu trai qua thdi ky thdn thoai thi kidu truydn dQng sT chinh phirc thidn nhidn chdc khdng the thieu Do han che vd thdi gian va gidi ban ciia mdt luan an, ndn luan van chung tdi chua nghidn cun dugc su tdn tai va bid'n ddi, su gidng va khac ciia kieu truydn dQng sT Thach Sanh trdn toan thd' gidi Chac chdn nghidn ciiu tid'p van de se la didu bd ich va hap ddn ddi vdi chung tdi 155 Cd mdt nha nghidn ciiu da viet: "Trong tdng sd cd vai trd cua timg sd hang" Su cd mat cua mot kieu truydn, mot tidu loai hay mot thd loai la nhd su gdp phan ciia nhiing truydn ciing loai Tiep tuc sir dung phuong phap nghien ciiu vira xac lap, di sau dm hidu timg truydn cu thd kho tang van hgc dan gian se la de tai khdng bao gid voi can va cung khdng bao gid nham cu 156 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO A- TULIEU TIENG VIET Chidng Xom An Mdt sd suy nghT ve ngudn gdc truydn Thach Sanh Tap chf van hda dan gian so 2-1991 Angghen.F Ngudn gd'c cua gia dinh, ciia che tu huu va cua nha nude NXB su that H 1974 Dao Duy Anh.Tir dien Han Viet Nha in Minh Tan 1931 Trdn Ld Bao- Nguydn Bfch Ha Tay du ky va nhiing mdu de than thoai Tap chf van hda dan gian sd 4.1992 Trdn Ld Bao Vang trang thdn thoai Trung Hoa Tap chi van hda dan gian sd4.1994 Hoa Bdng Khao luan vd truydn Thach Sanh NXB Van Sir Dia H 1957 Duong Xuan Cuong Truydn c6 Thai Lan NXB Van hda dan tdc H.1991 Cam Cudng Truyen dan gian Thai NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H 1986 Nguydn Ddng Chi Luge khao thdn thoai Viet Nam NXB Van Su Dia H.1956 10 Nguydn Ddng Chi Kho tang truydn cd tfch Viet Nam Tap 1,2,3, NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi 1974.Tap 4, NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi 1975 11 Chu Xuan Didn Truydn cd tfch dudi mdt cac nha khoa hgc Dai hgc Su PhamTPHCM 1988 12 Ngd van Doanh Truyen cd cac dan tgc thidu sd an Do NXB Van hda dan tgc 1988 13 Ngd van Doanh Truydn cd Inddndxia NXB Van hda H 1988 14 Nguydn Ta'n Ddc chii bidn.Van hgc cac nude Ddng Nam a Vidn Ddng Nam a xuat ban H 1983 15 Davletov.K.X Folklor nhu la mdt loai cua nghe thuat.M.1966 Tu lieu dich Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi I 157 16 Tran Xuan Dd Tu lieu tham khao van hgc Trung Qudc.TI NXB Giao Due H 1963 17 Cao Huy Dinh- Pham Thiiy Ba dich Mahabharata, NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H.1979 18 Cao Huy Dinh "DQng sT diet dai bang ciiu ngudi dep"trong truydn cd Viet Nam va Ddng Nam a.Tap chf van hgc 6- 1963 19 Cao Huy Dinh Ngudi anh hiing lang Ddng NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H 1969 20 Cao Huy Dinh.Tim hieu tie'n trinh van hgc dan gian Viet Nam.NXB Khoa hgc xa bdi.'H 1974 21 Anh Dong Truydn thuyet Thach Sanh Bao Kidn Giang 3- 1989 22 Gorki.M Ban vd van hgc.NXB Van hgc H 1976 23 Nguydn Bfch Ha Hinh tugng rdn tir thdn thoai dd'n truydn c6 tfch Tap chf van hda dan gian Sd 1- 1991 24 Nguydn Bfch Ha Tdt Nhat Ban Tap chf Van hda dan gian Sd 3.1995 25 Ld Ba Han, Trdn Dinh Sir, Nguydn Khde Phi chii bien Tir didn thuat ngu van hgc NXB Giao due- 1992 26 Dinh Xang Hien Truyen cd H'rd Sd Van hda thdng dn NghTa Binh1988 27 Dinh Xang Hidn- Nguydn Thanh Mimg Truydn cd Cadong Sd Van hda thdng tin NghTa Binh- 1988 28 Nguydn Huu Hieu Truydn ke dan gian Nam Bg NXB TP HCM 1987 29 Nguydn Thi Hda, Truydn cd Ta Oi NXB Van hda dan tgc H 1987 30 Nguydn Van Hoan chii bidn Dam San NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H 1988 31 Phan Kd' Hoanh Gdp phdn dm hieu truydn thuyd't Au Co Lac Long Tap chf v a n hgc 4- 1978 32 Nguydn Thi Hue Md tip tid'ng hat truyen ke dan gian Viet Nam Tap chf van hgc 5- 1991 158 33 Lai Phi Himg So sanh tuong quan giua loai truydn chang trai khde cua Lao vdi loai truydn cung tdn ciia Viet Nam Tap chf Van hda dan gian Sd 4.1994 34 Nguydn Tri Hiing Truydn cd Gie Tridng NXB Da Nang 1987 35 Dinh Gia Khanh va Chu Xuan Didn Lich sir van hgc Viet Nam.(Van hgc dan gian NXB Dai hgc va Trung hgc chuydn nghidp H TI 1972 TII 1973.) 36 Dinh Gia Khanh Huyen thoai vd su ddi nude Phu Nam, Chidm Thanh va Campuchia Tap chf Van hda dan gian sol 1991 37 Dinh Gia Khanh So bg tim hieu nhQng van de ciia truydn cd tfch qua truydn Tam Cam NXB Van hgc 1968 38 VQ Nggc Khanh Pham Minh Thao Nguydn Thi Hue Kho tang than thoai Viet Nam NXBVan hda thdng tin H 1995 39 Nguydn Kim Lidn Truydn cd Campuchia NXB Van hda H.1984 40 Lixevich.LX Tu tudng van hgc cd Trung Qudc.NXB Giao due.H 1994 41 Huynh Ly, Nguydn Xuan Lan Truydn Thach Sanh.NXB van hgc H 1971 42 Angghen.F.Ldnin.V.I.Vd van hgc nghe thuat NXB Suthat H 1977 43 Mac.C Ang ghen.F He tu tudng Diic NXB Su that H 1962 44 Trdn Thanh Mai Quan diem vat may mdc va vat bidn chung each nhan dinh mot truydn cd tfch NXB Sdng Ld 1955 45 Trdn Thanh Mai Tim hidu va phan tfch truydn cd tfch Viet Nam NXB SdngLd H.1955 46 Mdldtinxki.E.M Sir thi dan gian Tu lieu danh may Dai hgc Tdng hgp Ha Ndi 47 VQ Tii Nam Dao Quy (truydn cd Nhat Ban) NXB Tac phdm mdi 1987 48 Tang Kim Ngan Nghidn ciru phdncolo theo tfp va md tfp Tap chf Van hda dan gian 3+4/1983 159 49 Nguydn Van Ngoc Truydn cd nude Nam Quydn thugng NXB Vinh Hung Long H.1932 Quydn Nha in Ld Van Tan 1934 50 Phan Nggc va Phan Dang Nhat Thir xay dung lai he thdng huydn thoai Viet Mudng.Tap chf Van hda dan gian sd 1.2.1991 51 Bui Van Nguydn chii bidn Lich sir van hgc Viet Nam TI Van hgc dan gian NXB Giao due 1978 52 Hoang Anh Nhan Truydn cd Mudng.NXB Van hda dan tdc H.1978 53 Phan Nhat Tim hidu truydn Thach Sanh d Cao Binh-Hda An - Cao Bang Tap chf Van hgc, 6.1972 54 Dd Van Ninh Van de thdi nude Van Lang Tap chf Khao cd hgc Sd 1.1981 55 Vd Quang Nhon Chang Dam Thf NXB Kim Ddng H.1972 56 Vd Quang Nhon Van hgc dan gian cac dan tdc ft ngudi d Viet Nam NXB Dai hgc va Trung hgc chuydn nghidp.H.1983 57 Nhidu tac gia Van hda dan gian nhung ITnh vuc nghidn ciiu NXB Khoa hgc xahgi.H 1989 58 Diic Ninh, Luu Kid'm Thanh Truydn cd Malayxia NXB Khoa hoc xa hdi H 1991 59 Ndvicdva.M Sang tac tho ca dan gian Nga TI NXB Dai hoc va Trung hgc chuydn nghidp H 1983 60 VQ Nggc Phan Ngudi ndng dan Viet Nam truydn cd tfch Tap san VanSLrDiasd4.1955 61 VQ Nggc Phan Truydn cd tfch Viet Nam NXB Van Sir Dia 1955 62 VQ Nggc Phan Truydn cd dan gian Viet Nam NXB Giao due H 1975 63 Vd Xuan Phd Gdp y kid'n vd ngudn gd'c truydn Thach Sanh Tap san Van SirDja sdl9.1956 64 Tuyet Phugng Hgp tuyen van hgc Lao NXB Van hgc 1981 160 65 Prop.V.Ia Hinh thai hgc cua truydn cd tfch Tu lieu Dai hgc Su pham Ban danh may 66 Puchildp.B.N NhQng van de phuong phap luan nghidn ciiu so sanh lich sir van hgc dan gian Tap chf Dan tgc hgc 1-1976 67 Ld Chf Qud' Qua trinh hoan thidn ly luan loai hinh hgc khoa van hgc dan gian Macxit Tap chf Van hda dan gian 3-1987 68 Ld Chf Que V.I.Prop va phuong phap nghidn cun phdncolo theo so sanh loai hinh lich su Tap chi Van hda dan gian So 3.1985, 69 Ld Chf Que Phuong phap loai hinh hgc khoa van hoc dan gian va mdi lidn he vdi cac trudng phai the ky XIX Tap chf Van'hda dan gian Sd 3.1986 70 Hoang Quy.Truydn cd Mudng Chau Phong Ty Van hda thdng tin VTnh Phu VTnh Phu 1984 71 Lam Quy-Phuong Bdng Truydn cd Cao lan NXBVan hda 1983 72 VQ Quynh-Kieu Phu LTnh Nam chfch quai NXB Van hgc.1990 73 Hoang Quyd't Truydn cd Tay Niing NXB Van hda H.1986 74 Nguydn Van SI- Lu Huy Nguydn Truydn dan gian Chau a NXB Van hgc 1985 75 Somadeva Dai Duong Truydn Hdi van hgc nghe thuat Binh Tri Thidn xua't ban 1987 76 Sylvan Bamet Nhap mdn van hgc Hoang Nggc Hid'n dich Trudng vie't van Nguydn Du xuat ban 1992 77 Thai Ba Tan Truydn dan gian Chau a, nxb Van hgc 1991 78 Ld Ta'n Cac thdn thoai va truyen thuyet Tu lieu Dai hgc Tdng hgp Ban danh may 79 Ld Tan So luge lich sir deu thuyet Trung Qud'c NXB Van hgc H 1996 80 Doan Thanh Truydn cd Dao NXB Van hda H 1985 81 Hung Thdng Truydn cd Viet Nam NXB Khoa hgc xa hoi 1983 161 82 Thdn thoai Hy Lap Tu lieu Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi I 83 Y Thi Truydn cd M'ndng NXB Van hda dan tgc 1988 84 Biii Thien Truydn cd Mudng Sd Van hda thdng dn Ha Son Binh 1987 85 Pham Van Thdng Truydn cd dan tgc Cham NXB Tre TP HCM 1986 86 Ta van Thdng Truydn cd Ma NXB Van hda 1986 87 Dang Thai Tliuydn Dd tai hdn nhan tir thdn thoai dd'n truydn cd tich thdn ky Vidt.Tu lieu Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi I 1980 88 Dang Thai Thuydn Phan tfch truydn cd tfch than ky tir ban cha't phoncdlo ciia nd Thdng bao khoa hgc Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi I 1985 89 Ha Van Thu, V6 Quang Nhon, Y Didng Truydn cd cac dan tgc thieu sd mien Nam TI NXB Van hda H 1975 90 Nguydn Tai Thu Lich sir tu tudng Viet Nam TI NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H.1993 91 Lam Tuyd'n Tinh Su tfch Lang Bian Sd Van hda thdng tin Lam Ddng 1987 92 Thuy Toan Truydn dan gian Nhat Ban NXB Ha Noi 1987 93 Huynh Nggc Trang Truydn cd Kho me Nam Bg NXB Van hda 1983 94 Dd Binh Tri Nghidn ciin tidn trinh lich sir ciia Van hgc dan gian Viet Nam NXB Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi I 1978 95 Truydn cd cac dan tdc thidu so Viet Nam.NXB Van hda dan tdc 1977 96 Truydn ed Gia Lai-Kon Tum Sd Van hda thdng tin Gia Lai-Kon Tum 1986 97 Truydn cd Trung Qudc NXB Van hda H 1991 98 VQ Anh Tuan Khao sat cau tnic va y nghTa mot sd tip truydn kd dan gian Tay d viing ddng bdc Viet Nam Luan an PTS 99 D6 Nhu Tiiy Truydn cd Ca Tu NXB VH.1982 100 Tir dien van hoc.TII NXB.Khoa hoc xa hdi.1984 162 101 Dang Nghidm Van -Dang Van Lung Truydn cd cac dan tdc Truong Son Tay Nguydn.NXB.Van hda.1985 102 Vi chua ndi nghidp bat ddc dT NXB.Tdng hgp Kidn Giang 1987 103 Vidn Ddng Nam a.Van hoc cac nude Ddng Nam a Vidn Ddng Nam a xua't ban 1983 104 Vidn van hgc.Truyen thdng anh hiing dan tdc loai hinh tu su dan gian Viet Nam NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H.197I 105 Ld Trung VQ Ld hdi cd truydn.NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi 1992 106 Ld Trung VQ Truydn cd dan toe Meo NXB Van hda 1975 107" LeTrung VQ Truydn cd Pupeo NXB Van hda dan tgc*1988 108 Tran Qudc Vugng.Tir gdc Viet Nam,vai suy nghT vd cd sir Campuchia.Tap chi Nghidn ciiu nghe thuat 1980 TU LIEU TIENG NU6C NGOAI B TIENG ANH 109 Hajime Nakamura The ways of thinking of Eastern peoples NXB Yushodo Tokyo Japan 1960 110 Heinrich Zimmer, Myths and symbols in Indian art and civilization Edited by Joseph Campbell 1946 111 Lawrence Grossberg Cultural studies Rout ledge New York.London 1992 112 Mike Feather Stone Cultural theory and cultural change London Newbury park New Delhi 113 N.Muramaru Japanese Folktales Yohan publi cadon Tokyo Japan 1992 163 114 Muraoka Tsunetsugu Studies in Shinto though Yushodo co LTD Tokyo Japan 1964 115 Neil J Smelser Comparadve methods in the social sciences Prendcehall, Inc.Englewood Cliffsl976 116 Sayumi Kawauchi Once upon a time in Japan TI,11,111 Kodansha Intemadonal.1994 C-TU LIEU TIENG TRUNG QUOC 164 PHU LUC Danh muc 80 truyen cd ciia Viet Nam Ngudi hgc trd va bacon quy.(Kinh) Nung Kuang va bac chau chang Rit.(Edd) Cau be ciiu dan.(Coho) Vidn nggc thdn (Kinh) Ciiu vat vat tra on, ciiu nhan nhan trd oan.(Kinh) Con chd meo va anh chang ngheo khd.(Kinh) Dai vuong Hai hay truydn giet thudng ludng (Kinh) Mang xa vuong d Tan Bdng.(Nam bd) Hudi Khun - Hudi Xau (Sudi sudi due) (Thai) lO.Chang cau ca.(Tay) 11.Md cdi va ba tinh.(Tay) 12 Anh Khd va mu ydu tinh.(Thai) 13.Tao Hdm -Nang Hai.(Thai) 14.Anh himg DamDdng.(Tay Nguydn) 15.Bdy chang trai khde (Cham) 16.Ong tudng Gay.(Cham) 17.Hai ddng sudi.(Ho Rd) 18.Nang Ca Ld Trun.(Van Kieu) 19.Tid'ng hat cua ngudi Da.(Raylai), 20.HobiaAre.(Ede) 21.Tia Oong Tu va chim dai bang.(Bana) 22.Cai na chin ranh.(Cham) 23.Dai bang bi giet(chang Dit).(Gia rai) 24.Duom To Rit.(Ca tu) 25.Ard- Yrang.(Cham) 26.Ba chang dQng sI.(Bana) 27.Ho mdnh chem ran than.(H'Rd) 28.Cd gai thir mudi,(H'Rd) 29.Chang Contui va bdn ngudi vg.(Ca tu) 30.Chang danh ca Yang.(M'ndng) 31.Hoang tir Sang sen lo chay.(Khome) 32.Chau Sanh - Chau Thdng.(Khome) 33.Thach Sanh sdm lap ddc.(Khome) 34.Nidng sdc kdro dp.(Khome) 35.Chau Bay Ca Dang.(Khome) 36.Sdp Bd Sach.(Khome) 37.Nang Cacay.(Khome) 38.Chang Lim.(Dao) 39.Su tich nui Ba Vi va nui Tam Dao.(Cao Lan) 40.Lau Slam.(Cao Lan) 165 41 Ytoldng gid't tran tinh.(Edd) 42.Ludi guom chang Ta No.(H'Rd) 43.Chang Sinh.(H'Mdng) * 44.Ngudi vg ca.(H'Mdng) 45.Su tich cai cdu vdng,(H'M6ng) 46.Sinh Lir ciiu Nggc Hoang.(H'Mdng) 47.Bd Pidl diet sau khdng Id.(Khome) 48.Chang Xap Ddt.(Tay Niing) 49.Nang Hobia Phu xinh dep.(Chu Ru) 50.Chang Goran Dohdng.(Edd) 51.Xdng ldn Mai lua.(Mudng) 52.Ong Dung gid't dai bang.(Mudng) 53.Chang Dam Thi.(Edd) 54.B6 tat chan nhan.(Kinh) 55.Hai chang re.(Kinh) 56.Ba chang thidn nghe.(Kinh) 57.Chang Rok.(Kor) 58.Cd gai tdc thom.(Thai) 59.Hai dng vua giao chid'n.(Thai) 60.Anh Lac lam vua.(Cham) 61.Rdkxet.(Bana) 62.Ong Hd gid't thudng ludng.(Kinh) 63.Tidu diet mang xa.(Kinh) 64.Con chim khach mdu nhiem.(Kinh) 65.Quy Xuong Cudng.(Kinh) 66.Truydn rdn than.(Kinh) 67.Than ydu.(Kinh) 68.Truyen thuyd't ve thac Tri An.(Nam bg) 69.Nang Meng va ran Paytur.(Gie Tridng) 70.Su tich Nong Kheo.(Thai) 7I.Chang Y Ddi.(M'Ndng) 72.Ngudi hgc trd va ba quy.(Kinh) 73.Ni Tha va vidn nggc thdn.(Cham) 74.Thanh guom bau.(Cham) 75.Hai anh em md cdi.(Cham) 76.Hai ddi.(Ta Oi) 77.Ong Ludng d sdng Thuy Tidn.(Nam Bd) 78.Nang Kajdng va chang ca vang.(Chii) 79.Ngudi ndng dan va tran (Chu Ru) 80.Nang Aoongadn bat hanh.(Ca Tu) 166 Danh muc 16 truyen ciia Ddng Nam A, Con gai vua va chua thugng ngudn.(Malayxia) Inukertanad bi bdt cdc.(Malayxia) Ridm Ke.(Campuchia) Thach Sanh chem chdng.(Campuchia) Vg chdng Phdn Xan Ga (Lao) Pao Sdnh Sa.(Lao) Lao Phdn.(Lao) Xin Xay.(Lao) Xu Li Vdng.(Lao) lO.Xan Xdn Ky.(Campuchia) 11.DQng sT Honme Chdngraang Hoangchdrake.(Thai Lan) 12.Phi Kudn Thong, cdng chiia sen vang.(Thai) 13.Truyen vd Khamat va Mamat.(Inddndxia) 14.Da ut va Sapila.(Inddndxia) 15.Rua vang.(Mianma) Id.Con gai ngudi danh ca.(Philippin) 167 NHUNG CONG TRINH DA XUAT BAN LIEN QUAN DEN LUAN AN 1- Nguydn Bich Ha Hinh tuong Rdn tic thdn thoai den truyen co tich Tap chi van hda dan gian, sd 1/1991 2.Trdn Ld Bao - Nguydn Bich Ha : Jay Du Ky vd nhiing mdu de thdn thoai Tap chi Van boa dan gian sd thang 4/1991 3- Nguydn Bich Ha : Tet Nhat Bdn Tap chi van hda dan gian, sd 3/1995 Nguydn Bich Ha Mo tip ''Nguoi cam'' truyen co tich Thach Sanh Tap chi Van boa dan gian sd thang 3/1996 168 ... Vi vay truyen Thach Sanh nhu mot ca the se dugc dat vao tuong quan so sanh voi kieu truyen Thach Sanh a cac dan toe Viet Nam va cac nuac Dong Nam A Lam nhu the la chiing toi muon tu goc mot tac... nam sau bai viet cua Cao Huy Dinh, Phan Nhat bai "Tim hieu truyen Tiach Sanh o Cao Binh, Hoa An, Cao B^ing" sau dua kha nhidu dau tfch vi hanh trang cua cac nhan vat ciia truyen Thach Sanh hien... diet chan tinh san dai bang Thach Sanh la mot ban anh ca dep (A2 0, 146-148) O trang 148 ong lai khdng dinh mot Idn niJa: "Thach Sanh da long hgp ca ly tudng dan chii, nhan dao va dan tgc vao mot