Dạy ngữ âm,trọng âm

Phonetics English Vowels and Consonants A. Objectives: - Students review English vowels and consonants studied in English 10 - Students can pronounce exactly vowels and consonants symbols and in a word - Students can do the exercises about phonetics. B. Teaching aids: - Lesson plan, handouts, projector, cassette, tape C. Procedure: - Teacher reviews phonetics symbols and give examples for each - Play the tape for Sts to listen to the sound clearly - Call on some sts to practise reading - Give sts handouts of exercises - Students do exercises and teacher corrects the answer. Phonetic symbols I. Vowels: 22 1. Short vowels: 9 did cat cup ten about sit got put happy 2. Long vowels: 5 father fur see saw too 3. Dipthongs: 8 now hair near pure my say boy go II. Consonants: 24 1. Voiced consonants: 15 /b/ bin, lab / / gene, jar, gradual /m/ man, ham / / leisure, vision /v/ vine, live /r/ rip, narrow, year / / ð this, bathe, either /j/ year, young /d/ den, lid, hugged /g/ get, leg /z/ zoo, easy, lose, eggs /ŋ/ sing, anger, anchor /n/ pin, manner, listen /w/ witch, which, reward /l/ lip, sell, castle u actual U 2. Voiceless consonants: 9 /p/ pin, spin, lap /t/ talked, stone, lit, /k/ kin, call, lick, chemical /f/ fin, if /θ/ thin, both /s/ sin, kiss, lips / / shin, mission, nation, fish, machine / / church, nature /h/ hip, home, how The pronunciation of the ending “s” and “ed” 1. The pronunciation of the ending s“ ” The basic rule: a. “s” is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds (except z, , ) E.g: bags, kids, days… b. “s” is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds (except s, , ) )0)))) E.g: bats, kits, dates… c. “s” is pronounced /IZ/ after z, s, , , , ) E.g: washes, kisses, oranges… 2. The pronunciation of the ending ed“ ” The basic rule: a. verbs ending with “ed” are pronounced / d / after voiced sounds (except / d / ) E.g: rained, arrived, explained… b. verbs ending with “ed” are pronounced / t / after voiceless sounds (except / t /) E.g: walked, jumped, missed… c. verbs ending with “ed” are pronounced / Id / after / t / and / d / E.g: wanted, needed, mended, started… Practice Exercise 1: Circle the words which underlined part is pronounced differently from that of other words 1. A.reserved B.locked C.forced D.touched 2. A.humor B.honest C.human D.horror 3. A.typist B.type C.typical D.style 4. A. character B. mechanic C. chemistry D. parachute 5. A. cooked B. watched C. washed D. decided 6. A. scary B. category C. vacancy D. apply 7. A. remember B. recommend C. relate D. reduce 8. A. challenge B. chance C. achievement D. scholarship 9. A. roofs B. chairs C. grapes D. hats 10. A. moon B. noodle C. food D. good 11. A. breath B. beach C. teach D. heat 12. A. worked B. forced C. caused D. stopped 13. A. mine B. mile C. file D. machine 14. A. way B. say C. stay D. quay 15. A. loose B. choose C. zoo D. book 16. A. ahead B. meat C. neat D. cheap 17. A. business B. stupid C. huge D. cure 18. A. fame B. baby C. plane D. many 19. A. honey B. money C. monkey D. survey 20. A. dentist B. animal C. hospital D. vital Exercise 2: Odd word out. Write the word with a different sound: . sit ski - leave - sit - sea - key . cat - bag - hand - dark - bad . hot - doctor - wrong - stop - sport . money - mother - home - some - nothing . glass - talk - father - can t - park ´ . video - pencil - tennis - men - bed . think - field - this - Italy - big . forty - more - short - born - actor . June - curly - fruit - true - flu . name - orange - train - plane - they . five - like - live - fine - nice . - case - this - these - cat - many - short - case - tree - small . - about - enjoy - idea - large - about - say - bone - telephone - rock . - - boat - love - how - lawyer - again - tomato - honey - young . - - chips - film - very - leave - many - build - said - university . - - are - bank - wash - steal - farm - ugly - name - fly . - - busy - heart - dance - aloud - aunt - have - park - mustn t´ . - - sell - America - world - women - piece - Greece - shoe - Europe . - - money - birthday - banana - read - tree - jazz - hotel - key . - - stand - fat - sea - what - sun - large - lunch - mother . - - run - busy - you - book - but - one - university - laugh . - - pull - Saturday - fruit - woman - build - good - Sunday - understand . - - lion - light - meet - field - these - live - life - suitable . - - read - said - when - father - does - Spain - tell - feel . - - without - brother - bathroom - father - zebra - this - zero - zoo . - - helped - loved - played - lived - wanted - liked - washed - called . - - kissed - waited - needed - opened - asked - liked - laughed - walked . - - stayed - changed - hated - stopped - begged - arrived - started - rained Exercise 3: Read the following groups of words. Which word in each group has a different sound? - Fill in the blanks in the following exercise with them: - castle time - pattern - castle - spelt - knocks wears - does - loves - knocks - stayed - looked - pulled - weighed - look - good - blood - foot - dead - mean - bread - head - rented - landed - assisted - opened - thought - around - sound - house - York - born - Ford - Oxford - lives - reads - writes - begs - kissed - smiled - studied - agreed - day - days - say - says - agrees - makes - stops - cooks - though - brought - ought - thought - night - fifth - sight - climb - museum - use - music - busy - moon - food - foot - poodle - jeans - steak - sea - weak - studies - runs - wishes - goes - played - helped - laughed - walked - heart - earth - heard - search - marry - dance - hand - sat - worry - horror - terror - mirror - piece - ladies - niece - field - half - have - has - ham - oven - colour - son - gone - hotel - hot - hotter - pot - books - rose - same - kisses - cheese - achieve - ache - beach - soldier - drive - dry – sound Phonetics Stress A. Objectives: - Students review English stress in words of more than two syllables. - Students can do the exercises about phonetics. B. Teaching aids: - Lesson plan, handouts, projector C. Procedure: - Teacher teaches some rules to put the stress on words of two syllables and more than that. - Students take notes, give examples and do exercises to master the knowledge. Contents: I. Two syllable words. 1. Two syllable verbs: stress often falls on the final syllable if it is/ contains: + a long vowel: refer, inform, repeat… + a dipthong (but / / ) : design, divide ( borrow… )… + more than 1 final consonant: perfect, intend, attend… 2. Two syllable nouns: stress often falls on the final syllable if it is/ contains: + a long vowel: routine + a dipthong ( but / / ): design ( sorrow, window )… … 3. Two syllable adjectives: are stressed according to the same rules as Verbs e.g: correct, polite, technique, idea, heavy, happy, sincere… 4. Other 2-syllable words: Adverbs and Prepositions: seem to behave like Verbs and Adjs E.g: again, before, behind… II. Three syllable words. 1. Three syllable verbs: a. Stress falls on the second syllable if the final syllable contains a short vowel and equal or less than 1 consonant: E.g: consider, determine, interpret b. On the third syllable if it:… + a long vowel: introduce + a dipthong (but / /): entertain + more than 1 final consonant: resurrect c. On the first syllable if the third one is:… + _ate: concentrate, educate + _ fy: certify, terrify, satisfy + _ise/ize: critisise, standardize 2. Three syllable nouns: a. Stress falls on the second syllable if + the final syllable has a short vowel, but / /: + the 2 nd syllable has a long vowel, a dipthong or more than 1 final const. e.g: potato, disaster, mimosa… b. On the first syllable if:… + second syllable has a short vowel and equal or less than 1 final consonant + third syllable has a short vowel, but / / e.g: cinema, camera, evidence… c. On the first syllable if the final one is/has: + a long vowel: photograph + a dipthong: marigold + more than 1 final const: intellect d. On the third syllable: magazine, lemonade, expertise… 3. Three syllable Adjectives = rule of Nouns e.g: possible, insolent, opportune, important, similar, accurate, popular… III. Complex words. 1. Primary stress on affix -ee, -eer, -ette, -ese, -esque, -ique, -ology, -semi E.g: refugee, volunteer, cigarette, vietnamese, picturesque, unique, technology, semicircle 2. Unchanged primary stress on stem: -able: comfort- comfortable -al: refuse- refusal -ish: devil devilish– -hood: child- childhood -ful, -in/-im, -ise, -ly, -ing, -like, -wise, -less, -ment, -ness, -ship,- ous, -un, -age, under- 3. Changed primary stress on stem: - eous: advantage- advantageous -graphy: photo- photography -ic: climate- climatic -ial: industry- industrial -ion: perfect- perfection -ity: able- ability IV. Conpound words * The first word is a noun: stress falls on it: e.g: car ferry, suit case, post office, bottle feed, tea cup, farm house, greenhouse,… * The first words is an adj or adv, stress falls on the second word: e.g: loudspeaker, full moon, fast-food, new moon, open hearted, ill mannered, easy going…