Bài viết bước đầu điểm lại quá trình nghiên cứu cũng như những kết luận của các nhà nghiên cứu và một số ý kiến trao đổi: xác định niên đại liên quan đến thân thế sự nghiệp của danh y Tuệ Tĩnh là thế kỷ 14 và thế kỷ 17.
•s'r '1 , ^ mVM QUA TINH IlIXIl NCiHIllN Cl/lJ VE DAI DANH Y n j £ liXH NGUYEN Dtrc NHUfi* NGUYfiN H C U TAM" |/^i-i D danh y Tue Tinh la mdt nhan vat lich sQ da cd nhilu ddng gdp ddi vdi n i n y hoc cd truyin Viet Nam Tuy nhien, cho dd'n nay, nam sinh, nam m i t ciia dng vin chQa dQdc gidi nghien cQu xae dinh mdt each cu the, hay dung hdn la cac nha nghien cQu v i n chQa tim dQdc tilng ndi chung DQa trdn sQ lieu va cie ngudn tQ lieu bd trd khac nhQ: ngdn ngQ hoc Hch sQ (ten cie loai cay thud'c, bai thudc ), tQ lieu van hda dan gian, khao ed hoc (gia pha, thin tich, bi ky ) cie tie gia ndu len hai gia thuye't vl nien dai lidn quan de'n than thd' va sQ nghiep ciia dai danh y Tue Tinh la t h i ky XTVvathlkyXVIL Tac gia Nguyen Xuan DQdng bM vie't Truyen cu Tue Tinh dang trdn Ddng y tiing bdo sd 1-3 1- 8-1939 va 153-1940 cho bid't: Tue Tinh xuit than mdt gia dinh b i n ndng, cha me diu mit sdm, len tudi dQdc mdt nha sQ gin nha dem vl nudi dQdng giao due Mdt thdi gian sau, cd mot vi cao tang d chua Giao Thuy, trin Sdn Nam dd'n chdi, thiy Tue Tinh thdng minh, xin dQa vl chua tilp tuc cho an hoc Din tnidng thanh, Tue Tinh tu tai chua Giao Thuy Sau dd Tue Tinh cd tham gia dQ thi va dd Tid'n si nhQng dng khdng lam quan ma vin d lai chua vui lam vide thidn Ong da tQng xay dQng va tu bd 24 ngdi chua quanh vung, td chQc vide tuydn truyin giao hda va cQu te' cho nha chua (1) Bai vidt bQde diu diem lai qua trinh nghien cQu cung nhQ nhiing ke't luan ciia cac nha nghidn cQu da ndu luan van ciia minh, ddng thdi chung tdi cung xin dQa mdt vai y kie'n trao ddi vl nhQng gia thuye't iy Tic gia Nguyen Xuan DQdng khdng cho bid't ngudn gd'c xuit xQ ciia tQ lieu, nhQng thdng qua ndi dung doan vie't chung tdi doin dinh tac gia da dQa vao iruyin thuyet dQdc iQu truyin tai dia phQdng Nhiifng y kien xae dinh nien dai lien q u a n den t h a n the va sQ nghiep ciia dai d a n h y Tue Tinh la the ky XIV Chia se quan diem ciing vdi Nguyen Xuan DQdng, nam 1954, tac gia Trin Ham Tin cdng bo bai viet Tue Tinh dang tren •TS Vi?n SQ hoc 31 Biem qua Hnh hinh nghign curu tap chi Y duac tung bien sd' 12-41954 Dila vao t r u y i n thuyet dan gian, tac gia da neu r a ldn nhQng chi tie't Uen quan dd'n tieu sQ, sQ nghiep cua Tue Tinh, ddng thdi xae dinh Tue Tinh sd'ng va hoat ddng the ky XIV Nam 1960, cdng bd ban dieh Nam dUcfc thdn hieu - tac p h i m cua Tue Tinh - p h i n gidi thieu tieu sQ Tue Tinh, eae dieh gia eua Phdng tu thQ h u i n luyen Vidn nghien cQu Ddng y da vie't : "Gaspardone cho r i n g Tue Tinh sinh vao ddi T r i n Due tdng (tQc khoang nam 13731377)" Cie dieh gia cung khdng ndi rd Gaspardone can cQ vao dau de ndi Tue Tinh sinh vao thdi T r i n Dud tdng LQdng y Dd T i t Ldi da tim doc Biliographie annamite nhQng Ididng t h i y cd ghi chdp v l nam sinh cua Tue Tinh (2) v a o nam 1962, nhdm tac gia T r i n Van Giap, Ta Phong Chau, Nguyen Van Phu, Nguyen TQdng PhQdng bidn soan bd sach Luae truyen cdc tdc gia Viet Nam, cd p h i n chdp v l Tue Tinh t h i i n sQ (the ky XIV) nhQ sau: Tue Tinh t h i i n sQ ten hoc thQc la Nguyen Ba Tinh, ngQdi lang Nghia Phu, tdng Van Thai, huydn C i m Giang, tinh Hai Dddng, khdng ro dng sinh va m i t nam nao Ddi T r i n Du Tdng (1341-1369) dng thi dau Thai hoc sinh, khdng lam quan, khdng la'y vd, theo dao P h a t va nghien cQu thud'c Nam Ong tu tai chua Hd Xa, Nam Dinh va thiidng di chu du k h i p ndi, tim cay cd lam thud'c, chQa bdnh cho nhan dan Nam Nham Thin (?), vua cho dng sang Trung Qud'c chQa b$nh cho Hoang hau nha Minh, dQdc phong chQc Dai y t h i i n sQ, rdi iQu dng d lai Trung Qud'c Ong m i t d ben dd (3) Cd the ndi, day la l i n d i u tien Tue Tinh t h i i n sQ x u i t hidn vdi ten thQc la Nguyen Ba Tinh va cd qud quan cu the Khdng ro nhdm tac gia tren dQa vao ngudn tQ heu nao de '' dQa k i t luan nhQ vay LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc bai vie't SU nghiep cda Tue Tinh dang tren Tap chi Nghien cQu Lich sQ sd' 100 (7-1967) cung k h i n g dinh Tue H n h sinh sd'ng vao t h i ky XrV ddi nha T r i n Cie nien dai tuy?t ddi dQdc tac gia dQa r a la: Tue Tinh sinh vao nam 1341, thi dd Hoang giap (De nhi giip Tiln si) vao nam 1375 35 tudi (nam thQ nien hieu Long Khanh) va sang Trung Qud'c nam 45 tudi (nam 1385) T i c gia cho bid't v l tdn that eiia Tu? Tinh la Nguyen Ba Tinh, ten hieu la Hud Tinh, di tu l i y P h i p hieu la Tue Tinh, sinh tai lang Nghia Phu, tdng Van Thai, huydn C i m Giang, phii ThQdng Hdng, tinh Hai DQdng Ngudn tQ lieu ma tac gia sQ dung ehu ydu la eac t r u y i n thuye't tai dia phQdng, cac tQ lieu Han Ndm nhQ eau ddi, van te' d D i n Bia (xa c i m Van), d i n Thanh thud'c nam (xa C i m Vu) thd Tue H n h d i u ghi: Tue Tinh dau De nhi giap Tidn si dQdi thdi T r i n , di sQ sang Trung Qud'c va lam t h i y thud'c d bdn iy NhQng cau ddi tidu bieu nhQ: Danh khdi nhi gidp tieu Trdn gidm SQ menh thdp todn tinh Bdc y Doat gidp vdn chQcfng danh qud'c Hogt nhdn dQc trach phd thien lUdng thu Tic gia Le T r i n DQc khdng dQa lac khoan cung nhQ ten ngQdi soan hoac cung tidn nhiing ddi cau ddi trdn Trong bai vid't nay, LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc chii ye'u dQa vao t r u y i n thuye't dia phQdng de xic dinh tieu sQ eua Tu$ Tinh tQdng tQ nhQ y kie'n cua Nguyen Xuan DQdng g i n 30 nam trQdc nhQng lai cd mpt so ehi t i l t k h i c nhQ: Tue H n h nid cdi cha m? tQ nhd, d i n lam nudi n h a sQ chua Hai t r i i u d lang Yen Trang, sau v i i nam lai dQdc sQ chua Keo dQa v l nudi eho an 32 hoc Sau thi do, Tu$ H n h di tu v i trd v l tru tri chua lang Yen Trang (nay goi la chua Giam, xa C i m Sdn, huydn C i m Giang, tinh Hai DQdng) Tac gia cho bilt them: nam Tue H n h 45 tudi - tQc nam 1385 - phai di cd'ng Trung Qud'c, luc d i u dng n h a n chQc Y tQ cQu p h i m , sau chQa khdi b$nh san h a u cho Minh Hoang h a u dQdc phong la Dai y t h i i n sQ Tue H n h bid't minh khdng the trd v l nQdc dQdc va se chet d Trung Qud'c ndn cho k h i c mdt t i m bia, cd cau n h i n r i n g : "Vl sau cd sang thi eho xic tdi ve" Khoang nam 1670 (chinh x i c la n a m 1691), Nguydn Danh Nho la ngQdi eung lang, di sQ Trung Qud'c, dem ban dap t i m bia v l Hai DQdng, thue k h i c mdt t i m bia k h i c de thd tai lang NhQng nQdc lut, bia rdi m i t xud'ng rudng giQa hai thdn v a n Thai va Nghia Phu NhQng y k i l n ve nam sinh, nam m i t eung tieu sii cua Tue H n h - la mot Dai danh y T h i i n sQ - sinh sd'ng va boat ddng the ky XIV ciia LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc cdn tid'p tuc dQdc bao iQu qua cac trQdc t i c sau nhQ: T\ie Tinh vd nin y hgc duac cd truyin Viet Nam, Nha x u i t ban Y hoe H i Ndi, 1975; Sa thdo lich sQy hgc ddn tdc Viet Nam, Tap chi Nghien cQu Lich sQ, sd' 250 (3/1990) Ngoai vide tham khao cie tQ lieu t r u y i n t h u y l t dan gian, eae tQ lieu H i n Ndm, LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc edn dQa vao ehuyen mdn Ddng y de phan tich ndi dung cie t i c p h i m hidn cdn cua Tue H n h Cu t h i tac gia da xae dinh ten mdt so' vi thud'c nam dQdc p h a t hi?n dd'n the' ky XIV tac p h i m Nam duac thdn hieu (cua Tu$ H n h ) nhQ: Hoang n a n chQa thd ta, san h a u CO q u i p ; Huyd't du tri chay mau, Huyd't giai la tan mau Q tQ dd tao nhQng t i chQng de k h i n g dinh thdm cho k i t lu^n Tue H n h sinh sd'ng d the ky XIV Sau nay, vao nam 1994, LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc edn Rghign curu Lich sJr sg 8.2Q1Q dung phQdng phap so s i n h nhQng tQ ngQ chQ Ndm x u i t hi$n Nam duac qud'c ngQ phu cua Tue H n h vdi tae p h i m Qud'c dm thi tap cua nguyen Trai de k h i n g dinh thdi diem sang tae Nam duac qud'c ngQ phu la d t h i ky XIV, va day la t i c p h i m van v i n b i n g chQ Ndm xQa n h i t thQ tich H i n Ndm cua nQdc ta Ddng quan diem cho r i n g Tue H n h sinh sd'ng d the' ky XIV cdn phai ke den hoc gia Dao Duy Anh Trong ldi ndi d i u ban dieh sieh Thiin tdng khoa hU luc cua T r i n Thai Tdng (nam 1974), Dao Duy Anh cho ring: Ke van v i n chQ Ndm xQa n h i t thi chung ta chi cd m i y bai phu thdi T r i n , rdi din thd phu ca ngam cung truyen thdi Le V l van xudi thi sieh giai nghia Khda hU luc cua Tue H n h cudi thdi T r i n la xQa n h i t , rdi d i n sieh giai am cac thdi sau nhQ sieh Truyin ky mgn luc gidi dm b thdi nha Mac cung eic sach giai am v l Kinh Thi, Kinh Dieh b thdi Ld mat, thdi Tay Sdn va thdi Nguyen sd (4) NhQ vay, y kidn eiia hoc gia Dao Duy Anh cho r i n g Tue H n h la ngQdi giai nghia sach Khda hU luc vko cudi thdi T r i n , va t h i ky XIV la thdi dai dng sinh sd'ng va boat ddng Theo chiing tdi, hoc gia Dao Duy Anh dQa nhan dinh tren chii ye'u dQa vao chinh sQ ghi chdp van ban sach Thiin tdng khda hU luc Trong tic p h i m Tim hieu kho sdch Hdn Ndm, tac gia T r i n Van Giap cho hay: "Vl Khoa hU luc hidn edn nhiing ban in sau: ban R2004 cua ThQ vien Qud'c gia de Thiin tdng khda hu luc cd mot bai tQa khdng ghi ten tac gia, nhQng cd d l nidn hieu la DQc Long tam nien Tan Mui (1631) va mue luc ghi quyen Tid'p dd ghi tdn goi khac cua sach la Thdi Tdng Hodng de ngU che khoa hU luc vk cd ddng chQ chua: Thiin tQ Than Trai, p h i p hieu Tue H n h , tQ Vd Dat, giai (ngQdi theo phai Thiin hoc la Than Trai, phap hidu Tue 33 Bidm qua Hnh hinh nghign ciiu H n h , tQ la Vd Dat giai nghia) Nhan day ghi them chQ Hud M vk chQ Tue St ta thQdng doc chQ trQdc la hue, chQ sau la tue, thQc theo Trung Hoa dgi tQ diin thi hai chQ i y doc nhQ NhQ vay doc Tue H n h chi la each doe truyin thd'ng, chinh xic phai doc la Hu? H n h " (5) Trong cud'n sach T^m hieu cdc tdc gia Hdn Ndm Hdi HUng (xuit ban nam 1973), cac t i e gia da xe'p Tue H n h t h i i n sQ vao nhQng n h a n vat cua t h i ky XIV ddi T r i n Sach i y vie't: "Nguyen Ba H n h , phap hieu la Tue H n h t h i i n sQ, biet hieu la Hdng Nghia Ong ngQdi lang Nghia Phu, tdng Van Thai, huydn C i m Giang (nay la xa Cim Vu - C i m Giang) Theo mot sd'tai Ueu va cie phu lao d qud hQdng thi Tue H n h sinh vao khoang nQa sau t h i ky XIV Mot ngQdi P h i p la Gat-pac-don (Gaspardone) cho r i n g Tue H n h sinh vao ddi T r i n Du Tdng (1372-1377) Cie t i c gia sieh cung dQa nghi v i n : "Vl tieu sQ cua Tue H n h cho dd'n ma ndi, chQa cd cQ lieu de k h i n g dinh mot cich chinh xic" Nam 1986, t i c gia Mai Hdng cdng bd'bai vilt Vdn di nghien cQu nien dgi Tue Tinh trdn Tap chf Nghien cQu Lich sQ so 226 (1/1986) da dQa nhiing thdng tin mdi ve Tud H n h Cung nhQ tac gia Ld T r i n DQc, tac gia Mai Hdng b i t d i u tQ vide tim hid'u nhQng t r u y i n thuyd't d dia phQdng, nghien cQu nhQng van tQ H i n Ndm cdn iQu giQ d Din Bia nhQ chung tdi da d i n , qua dd tdm tat lai tieu sQ cua Tue H n h Tac gia dac biet IQU y d i n hoa vi Hoang giap ciia Tue H n h eung nhQ nam dng thi ma eae tai lieu tren da phan anh De tim hieu v l khoa thi Thai hoe sinh thdi T r i n Dud tdng, tac gia Mai Hdng da di sau nghidn cQu ba ngudn sQ Ueu ma theo chung tdi n l u xae dinh dQdc tinh chan xae eua nd se cd tin cay r i t cao Dd la Dgi Viet sQ ky, Ddng khoa luc (ky hieu A2752 in nam 1779) va dac biet la Lich triiu ddng khoa luc ciia Vu Duy Doan bidn tap nam Thinh DQc thQ (1654) va Ld Nguydn Trung tuc bidn vao nam Thieu Tri thQ (1843), tQ li$u cua Nam Phong lai (ban ciia Vidn Nghien cQu H i n Ndm la ban mang ky hi?u Hv 226) Cd the k h i n g dinh la Dgi Viet sQ ky vk Ddng khoa luc khdng cd mgt ddng nao n h i c v l Tue H n h hay Nguyen Ba Hnh Lich triiu ddng khoa luc chdp r i t cu the v l khoa thi G i i p D i n nien hieu Long Khanh thQ 2, ddng thdi ghi ten nhQng ngQdi (xep theo thQ tQ cao thip), dd Nguyen Ba H n h xdp thQ (sau ngQdi dd Tam khdi) Sieh i y chdp: Cho D? nhi giip x u i t than sau day khac nhau: - Nguyen Ba H n h , ngQdi Ddng Hai, di sQ sang Trung Qud'c lam Dilu hd, nha Minh giQ lai Di tu l i y hieu la Tue H n h - La Tu ngQdi d Thach Ha, T h u i n Ta Cd le day la cd sd tQ lieu quan n h i t de tac gia Mai Hdng xae dinh nhan vat Tue H n h la n h a n vat lich sQ cua thd' ky XIV Chung tdi chQa cd dip dQdc tid'p xuc vdi van ban nen khdng dam lam ban v l tinh chan xic cua nd Tuy nhidn, cd mdt so cau hdi dat d day la: Tai cie bp sii chinh thd'ng cua nQdc ta nhQ Todn thQ, Cuang muc chdp v l khoa thi cd ghi cu the ten tudi qud quan mdt sd' ngQdi dd d i u hang giap (Tam khdi, Hoang giap) ma lai khdng n h i c dd'n Nguyen Ba H n h Theo each giai thich cua tae gia Mai Hdng: vi Nguyen Ba H n h khdng lam quan ndn Sii khdng chdp, cdn La Tu x l p sau Nguyen Ba H n h nhQng vi t h a m gia quan trQdng ndn dQdc sQ sach ghi lai Theo chung tdi, each giai thich nhQ vay la chQa that thda d i n g Danh r i n g phdp chdp sQ 34 ciia cac sii t h i n thdi xQa ehi ghi chdp nhQng sQ kidn chinh tri, kinh td', quan sQ dac bipt hay nhQng sQ kipn cd lien quan de'n vua chua, d i n cae n h a n vat lich sQ ndi tieng nhQng ciing khdng vi the' ma bd qua ta't ca eac sQ kidn, ten tudi eic n h a n vat lich sQ khae cd quan h? dd'n sQ hQng vong ciia vQJng triiu, d i n sQ p h i t trien cie linh vQc ddi sd'ng xa hdi cua d i t nQdc Ngay thdi T r i n , da n h i l u l i n sQ n h i c dd'n Trau Canh, Trau Tdn la nhQng vidn t h i y thud'c H u n g Qud'c theo chan quan xam iQdc Mdng Nguydn sang nQdc ta, hi b i t l i m tu binh, sau dQdc phdp h a n h n g h l v i chQa khdi bdnh eho vua n h a T r i n Hudng hd mdt nhan vat dac biet nhQ Nguyin B i H n h , tQng dd dai khoa, ndi tid'ng la bae danh y d Trung Qud'c vi cd cdng chQa khdi bdnh cho Hoang hau n h a Minh ma lai khdng cd mot ddng nao n h i c tdi chinh sQ Tai Ueu Lich triiu ddng khoa luc mk t i c gia Mai Hdng da d i n ghi chdp khdng dung v l qud q u i n cua La Tu (hoac cd the n h i m v l tQ dang) Sach i y chdp La Tu ngQdi Thach Ha, T h u i n Ta Chinh xic la La Tu que d xa Du TrQdng thQdng, huydn T h u i n HQU, Thanh Hda Huypn T h u i n HQu sau ddi la T h u i n Ldc va la huyen Hau Ldc tinh Thanh Hda Huyen chQa bao gid mang ten la T h u i n Ta ca Lipu Ld Nguyen Trung tuc bidn Lich triiu ddng khoa luc cd sQa chQa thdm bdt gi nguyen thQ cua Vu Duy Doin, va lieu Nguyin Ba H n h cd phai da dQdc bd sung them l i n tuc bien nam 1843 vi chung ta bid't r i n g vao thdi Thieu H i xay sQ kipn tin ddn v l Tue H n h t h i i n sQ giing the, hien chQa b$nh cho dan nhQ Dgi Nam thUc luc da ndu, ma Tu$ H n h t h i i n sQ a'y, theo t r u y i n t h u y l t lai la mot vj Hoang giap thdi T r i n , mdt vi danh y ndi tilng? Day cung la mot gia t h u y l t chung Rghign curu Lich sJr sg 8.2010 tdi dat mong cd dip dQdc cie n h a nghien cQu lam s i n g td Nam 1994, Tap chi Nghien cQu Lich sQ cd dang tai mot loat bai viet ban v l nien dai Tu$ H n h sd'ng va boat ddng Bing n h i l u hQdng tie'p can khac nhau, qua tim h i l u da'u tich chQ Ndm eic trQdc tac cua Tu? H n h , cae tac gia Mai Hdng, Le T r i n DQc, Phd DQc Thao mdt l i n nQa ddng n h i t vdi y k i l n cua hoc gia Dao Duy Anh ban v l cac tac p h i m chQ Ndm ciia Tue H n h , cd nghia k h i n g dinh thdi dai Tud HnhsdhgiathekyXTV '^ ' G i n day bai vid't Tue Tinh Id vd ddng hg Nguyen Bd d Nghia Phu - Cam Gidng, Hdi DUOng, hai tac gia Dao Kim Long va P h a m Mau Tach cung dQa y k i l n v l nidn dai nam sinh, nam m i t ciia Tu? H n h la t h i ky XIV Ngudn tQ lieu ma cac tac gia sQ dung la can cQ vao truyin thuyd't dan gian iQu h a n h d dia phQdng, dQa vao cud'n Thdn phd An LU Ddng cac Dai hoc si Nguyin Binh soan vao nam Hdng Phuc nguydn nidn (1572) Dac biet, eae tae gia da can cQ vao Gia pha ho PhamNghia Phu de ndu ldn nhiing y kie'n mdi v l Tu? H n h va h a u due ciia dng TrQdc h i t , cac t i c gia xae dinh Tue H n h ten buy la Phuc Trinh, sau dQdc sQ chua Hai Triiu (chua Giim) dat thdm ten Hue H n h , ngQdi thdn Nghia Phu, (nay thudc xa C i m Vu, huy?n C i m Giang, Hai DQdng) Hu? H n h hoc t h i y Pham TQ Di rdi liy gai t h i y hoc la P h a m TQ Dao, sinh dQdc trai Nam Tan Mao, Hue H n h thi dd Hoang giap, lue dd mdi 22 tudi, lam quan Binh Tay tQdng quan di d?p Chiem Thanh, rdi eio quan, di chu du thidn ha, dd'n chua lam t h i y thudc chQa b?nh cQu dan Sau h\ sung vao doan sQ t r i i u cd'ng n h a Minh, chQa khdi b^nh cho Hoang h a u n h a Minh, Sidm qua Hnh hhih nghign curu dQdc phong Dai y thiin sQ Cudi thdi Trin, Hu$ Hnh dQdc trd vl nQdc lam quan Thii y cho Hd Quy Ly, ciing em vd la Pham Van Hda ung h? Quy Ly lat nha Trin Hue Hnh sang Trung Qud'c lin thQ dQdi danh nghia thiy thud'c vdi mdt ten khac l i Quang Hu? Cdn cd mpt bai thd eiia dng gOi tQ Trung Qud'c vl Hai tac gia khing dinh Tu? Hnh, Hud Hnh, Quang Hud la mot ngQdi, dd la Dai danh y thiin sQ Tue H n h sinh nam 1330 va mit 14-2-1400 Cie tic gia edn cho bilt: de trdn trinh sQ tru diet sau cai cich cua Hd Quy Ly thit bai, ngQdi trai nhit ciia Tud Hnh ddi sang ho m? vdi ten ho diy dii la Pham HQu Phuc Ho Pham Nghia Phu hi?n chinh la hau du? ciia Nguyin Ba Hnh sd'ng vao t h i ky XIV Ho Pham chQa cdng khai vie't sQ gia dinh ndn khic bia diu eit bd eic sQ ld$n cd lidn quan din Nguyin Ba Hnh Hai tac gia cdn dQa y kid'n ring: Giac tinh Tu? Hnh thiin sQ vd'n cd ten that la Pham Vilt Hnh hay Pham Phap Tan (hieu la Than Trai, Vd Dat ) la chau ddi thQ cua Tud Hnh da chip but bidn soan cud'n Hdng Nghia gidc tu y thu vk Nam duac thdn hieu, theo cac tai li^u da cd tQ thdi Tud Hnh va ghi ten cu td minh - Tue Hnh - la tac gia 35 Long, Pham Mau Tach xic dinh Tu? Hnh sinh nam 1330 va m i t 15-2-1400, edn Gaspardone lai cho ring Tu? Hnh sinh vao thdi vua Trin Du$ Tdng (1373-1377) Nhufng y kien xae djnh nidn dai lien quan den Tuf Tinh la the ky XVII Cd le DQdng Quang Ham la ngQdi diu tidn xae dinh nidn dai sinh thdi cua Tud Hnh la the ky XVII Hong cudn Viet Nam vdn hgc sQyeu (Bd Quoe gia giio due -1950), tac gia vid't: "Khda hQ luc - vua Trin Thii Tdng Cling nhQ nhilu vi vua khic thdi Trin, sau thoii vi di tu va nghidn cQu Phat hoc Ngoai cuon Khod hU luc (day ve dao hQ khdng) Quyen vi sQ Than Trai, phip hieu Tu$ Hnh, tQ Vd Dat d vao khoang giQa the ky XVII ddi Ld dieh quoe am va da cd khic in nam 1840 (Minh M?nh thQ 21)" Tuy nhidn, vai thap ky sau dd, thidn hQdng dinh nidn dai the ky XIV thiin sQ Tud tinh vin dQdc coi la chii ye'u, truyin thd'ng Nam 1970, bien soan sieh Tim hieu kho sdch Hdn Ndm (tap I - ThQ vi?n Qud'c gia xuit ban - 1970), tic gia Trin Van Giap cai chinh y kiln ciia minh trQdc dd Theo tac gia: "TrQdc hit, vl ten Tu$ Hnh, that NhQ tren da trinh bay, nhin chung y kha phQc tap Theo tuc truyin, Tu$ Hnh kiln ciia mdt sd' nha nghien cQu sQ hoc, thiin sQ ten thQc la Nguyin Ba Hnh dau Hin Ndm, Ddng y doan dinh nien dai nam Thai hoc sinh ddi Trin Du Tdng (1341sinh, nam m i t cung nhQ nhQng tac phim y 1369) NhQng tim cie sieh Ddng dQdc ciia Tu? Hnh thudc vl t h i ky XIV la khoa luc khdng thiy chdp ten cac Thai hoc tQdng ddi thong nhit Song di sau vao tQng sinh ddi Trin Du Tdng v i ciing khdng thiy vin dl cu the chung ta nhan thiy mdi tac tdn Nguyin Ba Hnh dau Thii hoc sinh thdi gia diu dQa -y kiln ridng ciia minh Thi Trin Khao ve ddi Ld Du Tdng (1705-1731) du nhQ sinh thdi ciia Tu$ Hnh deu dQdc (6) thi chi thiy cd tdn Nguyen Qud'c Hnh cac tae gia xae djnh la t h i ky XIV nhQng ngQdi lang Ong Mac, huy?n Ddng Ngan, nidn dai tuy?t ddi lai khac Theo tac trin Kinh Bic dau Ddng Tiln si khoa Vinh gia Ld Trin DQc thi Tu$ Hnh sinh nam Thinh thQ (1710) tQc la nam thQ ddi Le 1341, nam m i t khdng ro Tac gia Dao Kim Du Tdng ma khdng cd tdn Nguyin Ba Hnh 36 v a y cd the truyen thuye't sai tQ danh tQ Ld Du Tdng sang H i n Du Tdng va tQ Nguyin Qud'c H n h sang Nguyin B i H n h TrQdc day, sieh Luac truyen cdc tdc gia Viet Nam, chung tdi theo t r u y i n thuyd't va da vilt sai: "Tue H n h la ngQdi ddi T r i n xin cai chinh" (7) Ddng thdi T r i n Van Giap can cQ vao sieh Hdng Nghia gidc tU y thU ndi r i n g Tu? H n h la mdt vi t h i i n sQ, tu hanh d chua Hd X i (Nam Dinh) dQdi t r i i u Ld cd Id l i ngQdi da giai thich sach Thiin tdng Khod hU luc mk hki tQa sieh IDiod hU luc de nam Tan Miii nidn hieu DQc Long (1631) va can cQ vao sach Hdi Duong phong vat chi cd chdp tieu truyen Tud H n h t h i i n sQ de khang dinh: Tue H n h la ngQdi t r i i u Ld, sinh vao khoang giQa thd'ky XVII Theo chung tdi, nien dai khoang giQa thd' ky XVII la cd the bao gdm vai bd'n chuc nam tQ 1630-1670 N l u dung bai tQa sach Khda hU luc Thiin sQ Tud H n h soan nam 1631 thi chi it dng phai sinh vao cudi t h i ky XVI hoac d i u the ky XVII chQ khdng the la giQa t h i ky XVII dQdc? NhQng nam d i u thap nidn 80 cua t h i ky trQdc (XX), n h i l u bac iQdng y, n h a nghidn cQu da di sau nghidn cQu tim hien t h a n t h i , sQ nghidp cua Tu? H n h va da cho dang tai n h i l u bai vid't trdn cae tap chi ehuyen nganh, dd cac y k i l n x i c dinh nidn dai sinh thdi ciia Tud H n h la the ky XVII x u i t hidn vdi mat cang nhilu Tac gia Nguyen Si Lam, Cao Van Nhi can cQ vao n h i l u vi thud'c va bai thud'c t i e p h i m cua Tud H n h cho r i n g tac p h i m cua Tu? H n h mang d i u i n trQdc t h u a t cua cac t h i ky XIV (Chu Dan Khue), XV (Dao Hoa), XVI (Ly Thdi Tran), d i u t h i ky XVII (Cung Dinh Hiln) va dQa gia t h i l t : Tu? H n h va tac p h i m ciia dng cd n h i l u k h a nang d v i o eudi the ky XVII Rghign curu Lich sJr sg 8.2010 Nam 1986, Giio sQ-Hin si LQdng y Dd T i t Ldi cdng bd' bai vid't Tue Tinh sinh vd hogt ddng d the'ky ndo trdn Tap chi Nghien cQu Lich sQ (sd' 3/1986) (8) De xic dinh nidn dai cua T h i i n sQ Tud H n h , tae gia da dQa cac ngudn tQ lieu sau lam can cQ li?u xae minh: - Ndi dung van bia chua G i i m (tQc chua Ngbidm Quang tQ, C i m Giang, Hai DQdng) - Ban T h i n tich (ma theo tac gia la dQdc soan vao giQa thdi Bao Dai (1936-1937) cua xa Nghia Phu, huydn C i m Giang, tinh Hai DQdng - Mdt sd' trQdc t i c cua Thiin sQ Tu? H n h nhQ Nam dQOc thdn hieu, Hdng Nghia gidc tQy thu V, Trong ngudn tQ lieu ke trdn, t i c gia td y nghi ngd v l tinh chan xic cua ban t h i n tich chinh bdi nhiing mau t h u i n ndi dung cua ban t h i n tich iy Tic gia cho r i n g : "Ban t h i n tich i y mdt sd' bd lao dQa vao nhQng tQ lieu khdng an khdp vdi n h a u dem ghdp t h a n h mot t r u y i n thuylt khdng phu hdp vdi thQc td' lich sQ" Hai ngudn tQ li?u cdn lai la chd dQa can ban va tin cay de tac gia dQa r a kd't luan: " chi can cQ vao nhQng tQ lieu cdn iQu truyin cho chung ta (bia d i chua Giim, tQa cie tap Nam duac thdn hieu, Hdng Nghia tu y thU ) chung ta cd the kd't lu^n chic c h i n r i n g Tud H n h la mdt nha sQ va t h i y thud'c ldn, r i t ed uy tin nhan dan dia phQdng va ca nQdc, cd tac p h i m y dQdc hoc de lai, tac p h i m dQdc in di in lai r i t n h i l u l i n tQ dQdc bidn soan va Tu? H n h la ngQdi sinh va hoat ddng chii y l u d nQa sau the' ky XVII? De lam sang td nhQng v i n d l thdi dai sd'ng cua Tu? H n h , 22-7-1992 mpt doan nghidn cQu gdm cac can b? Vien Khao Bilm qua Hnh hinh nghign curu cd hoc, Vidn Nghien cQu Han ndm va Giao sQ Dd T i t Ldi da td chQc khao sat lai chua Giam va sau dd Giao sQ Ha Van T i n da cdng bd' bai vid't: Bia chua Gidm vdi Thiin sU Tue Tinh dang NhQng phdt hien mdi vi khdo cd hgc ndm 1992 Tac gia da tdm t i t lai ndi dung van bia chua Giim, neu ldn nhiing md'c nidn dai cu the cd lien quan dd'n Thiin sQ Tue Hnh La ngQdi chii trQdng kd't lu^n nidn dai sinh thdi cua Tud H n h la the ky XVII, d i u nam 1993, tac gia Dd Tat Ldi tid'p tuc cdng bd' bai vid't Vdn bdn xdc minh ndm mdt cua Dgi danh y Thiin sU Tue Tinh Id ndm 1713 trdn Tap chi Nghien cihi Lich sQ (sd' 1/1993) (9) (tQ trang 76-79, 91) Thdng qua toan bd ndi dung van bia chua Giam trdn cd sd da dQdc giam dinh van ban, bd sung nhQng ehi tid't mdi phat hidn va sQa chQa chinh ly nhiing p h i n dieh sai, dieh sdt trQdc kia, tac gia k h i n g dinh: "Tud H n h cd mat d Viet Nam it n h i t tQ nam 1706 d i n m i t vao nam Quy Ty (1713) TrQdc m i t it lau (ngay 16 thang nam Tan Mao - 1711) da dQng due tQdng Quan Am 24 tay " NhQ vay, tQ kd't luan ban d i u : Tud H n h la ngQdi dQdc sinh va boat ddng d nQa sau thd' ky XVII cdng bd' trdn Tgp chi Nghien cQu Lich sQ sd' 3/1986, d i n (1993), nam m i t cua Tud H n h dQdc tac gia xae dinh cu the la nam 1713 Tuy nhidn bai vid't g i n day n h i t vdi nhan de Dgi danh y Thiin sU Tue Tinh vd sU nghiep ngdnh dUOc hdm dang Dac san sd' 1/2001 etia Hdi Difdc lieu Viet Nam, tac gia Dd T i t Ldi lai vie't: "Ngay Cu cdn sd'ng, nhQng tai lieu cua cu da dQdc in di in lai n h i l u l i n : "Sach vie't xong, k h i c t h a n h ban in, de d chua Ho Xa, huyen Giao Thuy, ngudi dja phQdng bilt dQdc dQdng hQdng chQa bdnh iQu t r u y i n dd'n tilng tam vang IQng k h i p nQdc" (trich tQa Hdng Nghia gidc tU y thU 37 vid't nam 1717) luc v l gia, vao nam 1717, tae p h i m cua Cu dQdc Chua Trinh xdt duyet cho in rdng rai chinh thQc nhan dan Cung ndm dd, Cu da cd cdng tham gia xay dQng chua Giam (tQc chua Trang An hay chua Hai Triiu va dQng tQdng P h a t 24 tay, bia d i dQng chua ghi n h a n cdng lao cua C\i hi?n v i n cdn iQu lai dQdc" CQ dung nhQ cau trich d i n nguyen van tren thi Tud H n h cdn sd'ng de'n tan n a m 1717, t h a m chi sau nam 1717? Khi cdng bd' k i t qua ddt khao s i t chua Giim va gidi thi?u tdm t i t ndi dung bia chua Giim (1992), Giio sQ Ha Van T i n da vilt: "Cd ngQdi cho la Tu? H n h v i n cdn sd'ng vao nam lap bia, tQc nam 1717 NhQng dilu khdng dung Lue dd dng da chdt v a y dng chet vao nam nao May thay d mat bia ben canh cd cau ghi rd: "Quy Ty nidn tdn sQ tieh mich, tQ nien t h a n d? tQ tru tri tang Sa di tQ NhQ iing hi?u Tud Phai kidn lap van tQ iQu t r u y i n cd tich di hau lai tri" (Nam Quy Ty tdn sQ tich, nam dd de tQ la sQ tru tri Sa di tQ NhQ Qng hi?u la Tud P h i i dQng (bia) lai bai van de iQu t r u y i n d i u xQa cho mai sau bid't) v a y la ed the bid't Tud H n h m i t nam Quy Ty tQc nam 1713 NhQ vay, bai vilt trdn cua t i c gia Dd T i t Ldi cd hai chi tid't khdng thong n h i t vdi nhQng y kid'n tac gia dQa nam 1993 la: - Nam m i t cua Tud H n h la 1717 hoac sau dd chQ khdng phai la 1713 - x a y diing chua G i i m va dQng tQdng Phat 24 tay nam 1717 chQ khdng phai la 1711 Cung Dgc san sd'2 - Hdi DQdc U?u Vi?t Nam lidn tuc x u i t hi?n nhieu bai vid't ve Tud H n h nhQ bai Dgi danh y Tue Tinh vdi nen y dUcfc hgc ddn toe cd truyin Viet Nam eua Giao sQ Ngd Van Thdng, Hdnh 38 Rghign curu Lich sit s6 8.2010 huang vi qui hUOng Tui Tinh cua tic gia Giang DQc Du, va bai Nai thdp sdng niim tiii cua tic gia Giang Khanh Dam Tuy nhidn, khdng bM vie't nao de ckp trQc tilp dd'n nien dai sinh thdi cua Tu? Hnh Duy, tic gia Giang Khinh Dim ndi dd'n tQ dQdng ho Pham, nhic de'n Pham Viet Tinh (hoac Hnh) hau du? ddi thQ cua Tu$ Hnh da giin tid'p ndi ldn nien dai sinh thdi ciia Tud Hnh la t h i ky XIV Tom lgi: Cho den nay, kit luan vl nam sinh, nam mit ciing nhQ thdi dai ciia Danh y Thiin sQ Tue Hnh vin chQa dQdc thd'ng nhit gidi nghien ciiu, vin cdn tdn tai hai tuyin quan dilm gin Uln vdi moc nidn dai la the ky XIV va t h i ky XVH Vin di niy cdn tilp tuc dQdc nghidn cQu lau dai va day cdng khim phi Hen cd sd tim tdi va phit hidn ngudn tQ hdu mdi vdi d? tin cay cao, bing phQdng phip nghidn ciiu da nganh, tQdng lai, chiing ta hy vong se tim dQdc tilng ndi chung diy sQc thuyet phuc CHU THtCH (1) DSn theo Le Trin DiJe SU nghiep cia Tu$ Tinh T^p ehi Nghien cdu lich silt, so 100/1967 (5), (7) T r i n Vfin Giap Tim hieu kho sdch Hdn Ndm - nguon tU lieu van hgc sit, t^p II Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi Ha Ngi, 1990, tr 218, 394 (2) Do Ta't Lgi Tue Tinh sinh vd hogt dgng d (6) Diing Le Dy Tong cl ngoi ttt 1705 den 1729 the ky ndo T^p chf Nghien ciJCu lich sd, so Ti!f 1729-1731 la d^Duy PhUclng 228/1986 (3) Trfin Van Giap (ehii bien) Liigc truyen cdc tdc gia Viit Nam, t^p I Nxb Sxi hgc Ha Ngi, 1962, tr 220 (4) Tr£n Thai Tong Khod hii luc Bko Duy Anh gi6i thigu, phien djch va chu giai Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 1974, tr 1-2 (8) Do Ta't Lgi Tue Tinh sinh vd hogt d$ng d thiky ndo? T^p chf NghiSn cvCu Lich sit, so 3/1986, tr 42- 45, 69 (9) Do Ta't L^ Vdn bdn xdc minh ndm mdt ciia Dgi danh y Thiin sU Tue Tinh Id ndm 1713 T^p chf Nghien cdu Lich sd, so 1/1993, tr 76-79, 91 ... trd vl nQdc lam quan Thii y cho Hd Quy Ly, ciing em vd la Pham Van Hda ung h? Quy Ly lat nha Trin Hue Hnh sang Trung Qud'c lin thQ dQdi danh nghia thiy thud'c vdi mdt ten khac l i Quang Hu? Cdn... khdng cd tdn Nguyin Ba Hnh 36 v a y cd the truyen thuye't sai tQ danh tQ Ld Du Tdng sang H i n Du Tdng va tQ Nguyin Qud'c H n h sang Nguyin B i H n h TrQdc day, sieh Luac truyen cdc tdc gia... ddi trdn Trong bai vid't nay, LQdng y Ld T r i n DQc chii ye'u dQa vao t r u y i n thuye't dia phQdng de xic dinh tieu sQ eua Tu$ Tinh tQdng tQ nhQ y kie'n cua Nguyen Xuan DQdng g i n 30 nam