Quan hệ Việt Nam và Thái Lan trong lịch sử

Bài viết xem xét mối quan hệ giữa Việt Nam và Thái Lan trong lịch sử phân chia theo từng thời kỳ thông qua tham khảo các tài liệu Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Đại Việt sử ký tiền biên, Việt sử thông giám cương mục chính biên, Đại Nam thực lục chính biên...

QUAN HE GIUTA VIET NAM VA THAI LAN TRONG LICH SUT SONG JUNG NAM* Md dau Vipt Nam va Thai Lan deu n i m tren ban dao Ddng DQdng ed nhQng diem tUdng ddng ve dia Iy vd tinh tiep giap ve vat ly nen cd quan hp tQ r i t sdm qua dUdng biln NhUng 80 vdi cac nUdc nhU Indonesia, Chiem Thdnh va Campuchia thi mdi quan hp cua hai nUde khdng h i n la ed tQ sdm vi thdi ky ldp vUdng qudc Thai Lan so vdi cae nQdc ndy dd ed ea Vipt Nam mudn hdn Cdng cupc Bic Tien cua Chiem Thanh tQ sdm da cd tinh chit tQdng tQ vdi Nam tien ciia Trung Qud'e vdi rnue dich mang tinh kinh te'-chinh tri va ed tinh hieu chien da trd thdnh mpt yeu td bien lich sii Viet Nam lich sii d i u tranh (1) Thai Lan mud'n n i m chii quyen nen mpt each til nhien cd mdt lich sii d i u tranh sQ ddi lap vdi cac nQdc lang gieng nhQ Mien Dipn Vdi tinh hinh nhQ vay, ca Vipt Nam va Thai Lan mpt mat eo' ging khic phue dieu nhQng mot mat tieh cQc va kien tri Ddng tidn va Nam tien de md mang lanh thd Do dd, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam va Thai Lan lich sii bi anh hQdng bdi tinh hinh khai pha ve phia Nam va phia Dong eiia hai nQdc eung nhQ bi anh hQdng bdi • GS.TS Trudng Dai hpc Ngoni ngQ Hdn Qudc tinh hinh ciia hai nQdc ben canh la Chiem Thanh va Campuchia Ngoai ra, quan hp giQa hai nQdc cung h\ anh hQdng khdng nhd bdi tinh hinh ndi bd va cac yeu td ben ngoai khae theo tQng thdi ky Nam tien eua Vipt Nam dUdc trien khai dQa vdo yeu td dia chinh tri vd triet I^ eua sQc manh mpt each tript de Bie tidn vd Tay tien thi khdng t h i nui non hilm trd, dai va ddc tQ Bic den Nam ddng thdi cd Trung Qudc manh hdn nhQng Nam tien thi ed t h i Chiem Thdnh vd Campuchia ydu hdn Vipt Nam Ket qua la Chiem Thdnh bj xda ten tren ban dd vd Thuy Chan Lap ciia Campuchia thi bien lanh thd cua Vipt Nam Cdn Lao la nQdc anh em cd mpt khdng hai Trong dd, sQ kipn mdt p h i n Idr lanh thd eua Campuchia trd thdnh lanh thd eiia Vipt Nam, den nay, cung anh hQdng khdng nhd den tinh hinh quan hp ddi ngoai giQa Vipt Nam va Campuchia Mpt mSt, Nam tien vd Ddng tidn ciia Vipt Nam va Thai Lan lich sii deu cd ehung mdt doi tQdng la Chiem Thanh va Campuchia nen da cd anh hudng Idn den quan hp ddi ngoai giQa hai nQdc Du vdy, quan hp giQa hai nQdc khdng phai Id quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vd Campuchia hay quan Quan h$ giira Vi^t Ram v6 Th6i Lzin h$ giQa Thai Lan vd Campuchia vi cd Chiem Thanh va Campuchia la vung dpm giQa hai nQdc Vdy, phai chang mdi quan hp giQa hai nQdc la mdi quan hp hQu nghi lang gieng? Di nhien la cung khdng phai vay vi ea hai nQdc la nhQng nQdc manh giQa cac nQdc ydu Bai viet xem x6t mdi quan hp giQa Vipt Nam va Thai Lan lich sii Do ed gidi han ve dung iQpng bdi vidt nen ehung tdi da phdn chia thdi ky Vipc phan chia dQa vao lich sii Vipt Nam ke tQ trQdc Cdng nguyen cho den ndm 1802, trieu dai cudl cung ciia Vipt Nam dQdc thdnh lap dl chia ljch sii quan hp eua hai nQdc hai thdi ky: lue bi gian doan va ngQde lai lue quan hp phQc tap Cho du lich sii Thai Lan b i t d i u tQ d i u the ky XIII nhUng hai thdi k^ khong the tach khdi tinh hinh quan hp ddi ngoai khu vUc va the gidi ke tQ giai doan d i u tQ Vipt Nam hi Trung Qudc thdng tri tQ ndm 111 trQdc Cdng nguyen de'n lap vUdng trieu Hdu Le, giai doan sau la tQ vUdng trieu Hau Le den vUdng trieu Tay Sdn Bai vidt ehii ydu tham khao cac tai lipu nhu Dgi Viet sQ ky todn thU (trong bai sd gpi t i t la Todn ThU), Dgi Viet sQ ky tien biin, Viet sQ thdng gidm cQcfng mue chinh biin (trong bai se gpi tdt la Chinh Biin), Dgi Nam thiic luc chinh biin, Dgi Nam chinh biin Hit truyen scf tap, ngoai edn ed Viet sQ: XQ Ddng Trong 1558-1777 Tai lipu nghien cQu d Han Qudc lien quan den bai nghien cQu Id p h i n npi dung eua chUdng "Quan hi chinh tri cua Thdi Lan-Campuchia-Viit Nam thi' ky 17: Campuchia - tdm giQa hai cd voi" cua Cho Hong Guk Bai nghien cQu khdng ehi dap Qng yeu eiu ciia tac gia Cho Hong Guk la "phai tham khao tQ lipu Vipt Nam dl hieu rd mdi quan 33 hp Vipt Nam, Campuchia, Thai Lan pham vi rpng ldn" (2), ma edn gdp p h i n lam sang td mdi quan hp ddi ngoai giQa cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A lich sii (tQ trQdc Cdng nguyen cho den ndm 1802) Thdi ky 111 triidc Cong nguyen 1428 sau Cong nguyen Ve mat dia ly cho du Vipt Nam vd Thai Lan deu d Ddng Nam A nhQng khae ve van hda Tnldc het, dieu dd b i t ngudn tQ vi tri dia chinh tri Thai Lan gin gui hdn vdi vdn hda An Dp, cdn Vipt Nam gin gui hdn vdi vdn hda Trung Qudc Du vdy, van hoa Vipt Nam cung khong phai hoan toan khae bipt vdi van hda An Dp vi >Jho giao eua Trung Qudc, Hindu cua An Dp vd Phat giao da cpng tdn d Vipt Nam tQ r i t sdm Phat giao cua Vipt Nam lue diu dUpc du nhdp tQ An Dp thdi ky bi Trung Qudc cai tri cho den ndm 938 nen sQ phat trien eua Phat giao cd sU anh hudng eua Trung Qud'e (3) Vdi sU hdp n h i t Chiem Thdnh vd Chan Lap, Vipt Nam da trd thdnh mpt nUdc cd ca dao Hindu, Phdt giao Tieu thQa va Dai thQa Do tiep giap bien gidi va cd quan hp lau ddi vdi mue dich ehinh trikinh te' va ydu to' dia chinh tri nen Vipt Nam bi anh hUdng mpt each tU nhien vdn hda Trung Qud'c, vd ket qua la ve mdt dia ly cho du thupc Ddng Nam A nhUng ve mat vdn hda thi Vipt Nam, dae bipt la mien Bie Vipt Nam thupc vung van hda Ddng Bie A Do yeu td dia ehinh trj nen tQ sdm Vipt Nam cd quan hp gin thi vdi Trung Qud'e, xa thi vdi An Dp Thdi ky Vipt Nam ed quan hp doi ngoai vdi Trung Quoe, An Dp cac nUde khae cung cd quan hp ddi ngoai vdi Vipt Nam nhU Lam Ap (Hoan VUdng hodc Chiem Thanh), Phu Nam, Dudng Minh (4) Di nhien thdi ky (179 trUde CN-938) Vipt Nam n i m dUdi sU cai tri eiia Trung Qud'c nen cac nUdc ndy khong the noi Id cd 34 quan hp vdi Viet Nam, nhUng cac nUde mudn cd quan hp vdi Trung Qudc thi n h i t dinh phai thong qua lanh thd ciia Vipt Nam bay gid hay thdng qua mdi quan hp khae vdi Trung Qudc ed anh hudng trUe hay gian tiep ddn Vipt Nam nen ndi eae nUde cd quan he ddi ngoai vdi Viet Nam cung khdng phai la khdng cd cd sd Mdi quan hp ddi ldp giQa Vipt Nam vdi Trung Qudc d phia Bic cung nhU vdi Chiem Thanh d phia Nam da cd tQ r i t sdm Su ddi ldp eua Viet Nam vd Chiem Thanh dUde nhen nhdm tQ thdi ky Trung Qud'e eai tri va kdt thuc nam 1697 vdi sQ sat nhap Chiem Thanh vao Vipt Nam Tham chi, trUdng hdp eua Phu Nam ndm 280 cung da ddng gdp vdo sU xam lUde Vipt Nam cua Lam Ap (5) Va'n de se dUde de cdp sau nhQng eung anh hudng ldn ddn quan hp doi ngoai cua Vipt Nam va Thai Lan Campuchia tiep giap vdi Vipt Nam Ngodi Trung Qud'e, Lam Ap va Phu Nam, thdi ky cai tri eiia Trung Qudc edn ed cac nQdc Cha Va, Cdn Ldn, Chan Lap va Nam Chieu Vipt Nam va nhQng qud'e gia ngoai quan hp thdng thQdng edn ed quan hp xung dpt TrUdng hdp Java va Cdn Luan, nam 767 da xam nhap vdo ban dao Ddng Dudng bao vay ea tinh Tdng Binh (6) Nam 651 dan tpc Thai eua Thai Lan xay dUng Nam Chieu (7) d tinh Van Nam ciia Trung Qudc Sau Nam Chieu tUdng ddi cd the' lUc, ldi dung s\f suy tan ciia nha Dudng da b i t d i u xam lupe An Nam tQ nam 846 Trong thdi ky xam iQdc tQ nam 862-863, Nam Chieu da giet hai hdn 150 ngdn ngQdi An Nam va den nam 866 da cai trj An Nam (8) Vipc xam iQ^e An Nam ciia Nam Chieu cung tidp tuc vai l l n sau dd Ngodi Nam Chieu, ehung ta eung ed the tim tha'y mdi quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vdi Rghl6n ciiru Lich si3r sg 8.2008 cac vQdng qudc dan tdc Thai xay dQng Todn thQ cd doan: "Mua xuan, t h i n g nam 1149, thuyen budn ba nQdc Trao Oa, Lp Lac, Xiem La (hoac Tiem La) vao Hai Ddng, xin d lai budn ban, bdn cho Idp trang d nOi hai dao gpi la Van Ddn de mua bdn hang hda quy, dan tien san vdt dia phQdng" (9) SQ ghi chdp ve nUde theo each phien am thUdng dupe dung Nguyin sQ va Minh sQ theo chii thach cua Todn thU Cao Huy Giu? (Chu?) dich doan Trao Oa la dao Java eua In-dd-ne-xi-a Lp Lac thi dupe Todn thU q chdp la nQdc La Hdi (10), q lai chdp lai Id nQdc Lp Hae (11), cd le deu la nQdc La Hoc, p h i n phia Bie eua nQdc Thai Lan (12) Theo chu thich ciia Todn thU Ngd DQc Thp dieh thi Lp Lac: chQa ro ehi nQdc nao Thdi Trin, ed thuyen budn Ld Hac den Van Ddn Cd le Lp Lac chinh la Lp Hac DQa vao phat am ed the eho r i n g Ld Hac Id nQdc La Hpc dQpc nhic den thQ tich Trung Qudc thdi Nguyen-Mdng La Hoc Id qudc gia Lavo d Lopburi, Thai Lan Ld Hac ed kha nang la nQdc Locac dQdc n h i c de'n du ky cua Marco Polo (13) Ndi dung d Todn thU ndm 1149 va ca b Chinh biin "Biy gid cac nQdc Qua Oa va Tiem La cd nhieu nha budn ddng d Hai Ddng, Ta bdn lap trang d tren cQ lao dl eho hp d, gpi la Van Ddn trang" Npi dung ndy, nQdc khdng cd de cdp den Lp Lac v a ehu thich ciia Chinh biin ve Tiem La thi theo sdch Thanh nhdt thdng chi, Tiem La, ddi Tuy DQdng, gpi Id nQdc Xich Thd, d ve phia Tay Nam nUde Chiem Thanh, la mpt tdc ngUdi cua nUdc Phu Nam; sau chia lam hai: nUde Tiem va nUde La Hpc Hdi d i u nien hipu Nguyen Trinh ddi Nguyen, vdo cdng nha Nguyen Ve sau, nUde La Hpc manh hdn, thdn tinh ca d i t Tiem, mdi ddt ten nude Id Tiem La Hoc, dUdi trieu Hdng Quan h^ giira Vi^f Ram va Th61 Lan Vu nha Minh, Tiem La Hpc vao chiu, vua Minh ban eho I n Tiem La qudc vUdng TQ dd mdi gpi Id nQdc Tiem La (14) Ghi chdp eua T r i n Trpng Kim ddi vdi lich sii Thai Lan thdi dai nhQ sau Den quang nha Tuy va nha DQdng ben Tau la vao quang the ky thQ 6, thQ thi da't Phu Nam chia lam hai: mpt niia ve phia Ddng cd mdt dan toe khae den lap nQdc Chan Lap, cdn mdt nvla ve phia Tay thi ngQdi Phu Nam d gpi la nQdc Xich Thd vao quang nha Tdng, nha Kim (the ky thQ XI-XII) thi nQdc Xich Thd lai chia lam hai: mpt nQdc gpi la La Hoc, mpt nQdc gpi la Tiem Thdi nha Nguyen cua Trung Qudc (the ky XIII-XIV) thi svl ed chdp hai nQdc sang cdng Ve sau nQdc La Hoc thdng n h i t nQdc Tiem, mdi gpi la nQdc Tiem La Hoc Den d i u nhd Minh (cudi the ky thQ XrV) vua nQdc sang ciu phong ben Trung Qudc, vua Thai To nha Minh mdi phong la nQdc Tiem La (15) Npi dung tren eua Todn thU vk Chinh biin vk ghi ch6p eua T r i n Trpng Kim theo tdi deu cd v i n de ein ldm sang td TrQdc het d hai tai lipu trQdc dUpe dd cdp, vipc dan tpc Thai xdy dQng vQdng qudc Sukhothai vdo ndm 1149 (1238-1438) vd thdi ky lap vQdng qud'c Ayutthaya (1350-1767) deu khdng thdng nhit Va nhQ de cap ciia T r i n Trpng Kim "vao thdi Tong, DQdng tdn tai Xiem va La Hpe d the ky XIXII" thQc td khdng thdng n h i t vdi thdi ky tdn tai eiia Sukhothai va Ayutthaya Thdi diem thdnh lap Sukhothai vao nam 1149 each khoang 100 ndm so vdi nam 1238, va thdi ky ISp Ayutthaya vd nam 1350 each den 200 ndm Nien dai lap nQdc Sukhothai va Ayutthaya cung each hdn 100 ndm Nhung vao nam 1149, eung thdi ky dd ca Sukhothai va Ayutthaya ddu den Vipt Nam la mpt dieu 35 khd tin Ndi thdi diem ddi ciia Xiem La vdo nam 1149 thi cung khdng cd cd sd Ngay nay, ddi vdi nhQng qudc gia dung chQ Han nhU Viet Nam, Hdn Qud'c, Nhat Ban va Trung Qudc, Thai Lan lich sii dupe bidt den vdi ten gpi la Xiem La Xiem La la Siam va chQ trUde eiia Lop Buri hoac Lavo kdt hdp thanh, nhU Xiem ehi vUdng qudc Sukhothai va La ehi Ayutthaya hoac la tQ La Hoc hdp (16) Vay thi vipc ghi Xiem La ciia Todn thU hay Chinh biin thi Xiem Id ghi sai Cho du the, vdo nam 1149 phai giai quydt the nao doi vdi vipc Xiem hay la Sukhothai khdng dQpc lap Lich sii khdng t h i cd gia dinh, nhQng ngoai Lp Lac va Xiem La vao nam 1149 thi vipc ghi eh6p ve viee dan tpc Thai xay dQng cac vQdng quo'c khae ngodi vUdng qudc Sukhothai Id khdng chinh xac, hodc la neu eho r i n g qud'e hipu cua cac vUdng qudc Thai Lan liy ten thii dd ldm cdn cQ, vd cho du Sukhothai va Ayutthaya chinh thQc khdng dQdc thdnh ldp nhQng vao ndm 1149 nhQng ngQdi dan khu vQe ndy vao Vipt Nam va da khdng dUde ghi lai dja danh ndi minh eU tru (?) Gia dinh cd nhieu kha nang hdn Todn thu hay Chinh biin sau nam 1149 v i n ghi la Xiem La va Xiem Diem cin chu y d day Id Todn thU sau nam 1149 vin ghi la Xiem La hoac Chinh bien can nhic den thdi ky hinh thdnh eae vUdng qud'e da phan bipt va ghi Xiem, Xiem La Ching han, d Todn thu thi ghi "nam 1182 nUdc Xiem La sang cd'ng" (17) cdn d Chinh biin thi ghi "nUde Xiem ddn tidn cdng" (18) Tiep theo, Todn thu thi ghi "ndm 1184 ngUdi buon ciia cae nude Xiem La vd Tam Phat Te vao t r i n Van Ddn, dang vdt quy dl xin buon ban" (19) 36 Ndm 1149 va 1184, ngoai vipc thUdng nhan hay thQdng thuyen liy mue dieh ddi thdng thQdng vao khu vQc cd cung ten la Van Ddn nhQng khdng ghi lai dia danh cQ tni thi ehung ta eung c i n chu y sQ thdt Id vao ndm 1182 da ed qudc gia vao cdng nap Trong lich sii, trieu cdng la mdt hinh thQc de xay dQng quan hp ngoai giao giQa eae qud'e gia thong qua eae sQ t h i n NQdc nhdn trieu cd'ng khdng the ghi sai ten qudc gia, nen qud'c hieu ciia nam 1182 dQdc xem Id chinh xac Do dd, vipc giai thich theo lich aii ciia Thai Lan vao the ky XIII ve qud'c hipu eiia cac qudc gia ndy hoan toan khdng ed cd sd nhQng theo cae tQ lipu eua Vipt Nam dQdc de cdp tren day hay can cQ vao Logic thi dd ehinh la cac vQdng qudc truyen thd'ng eua Thai Lan NhQ vdy, l l n d i u tien vipc giai thich lai vd thdi diem thdnh ldp vQdng qud'c Thai Lan, vQdng qudc Sukhothai dQdc dat Theo tai lipu lich sii dQdi trieu Ly, vUdng trieu Vipt Nam cd l l n cd quan hp ddi ngoai vdi vUdng trieu Thai Lan Hai l l n Id thdng thUdng va mpt l l n Id trieu cdng, t i t ca la Thai Lan trieu cdng eho Vipt Nam Lue dd Thai Lan trieu cd'ng cho Vipt Nam khong phai la quan hp quan t h i n ma la quan hp thdng thUdng hay quan hp hQu nghi lang gieng Sau l l n tidp xuc, quan hp ddi ngoai giQa hai nQdc khdng bidt dQdc tidn hanh eu the nhQ the nao vdo Trieu dai nha T r i n va vao d i u trieu dai Hau Le DQdi trieu Ly thi quan hp giQa cac vQdng qudc Thai Lan khdng cd xung dot, cd the xem Id quan hp giQa hai nUde tUdng ddi tdt Dieu se dUdc ndi them sau TQ thdi nha Ly, vipc md rdng lanh thd ve phia Nam Vipt Nam eho du dQdc tien hanh nhUng v i n chUa cy t h i va luc dd nUde Chiem Thanh vd Campuchia ddng vai trd la vung dpm giQa Rghl&n cijru Ljch sJr, sg 8.2008 Thai Lan va Vipt Nam Nhd dd, dudi thdi n h i Ly, Thai Lan da md rdng the iQc ve phia Chiem Thanh hay Chan Lap nen khdng vUdng qudc nao ed the gay anh hudng ddn trieu dai nha Ly Mat khae, luc dd Campuchia da hinh thdnh tpc Khomer manh n h i t Ijch sii va dd cung la yeu td giup eho quan hp giQa Thai Lan va Vipt Nam dUdc d l dang hdn Thdi nha T r i n cua Vipt Nam la thdi ky tdn tai vUdng qud'c Sukhothai va Ayutthaya ma dan tpc Thai Lan ldp nen Tuy ed sQ ehenh Ipch chut it ve thdi gian va mdc du tdn tai hai vUdng qudc nhQng quan h$ doi ngoai giQa hai nUdc so vdi trieu dai Ly khdng cd gi thay ddi O Todn thU, quan h$ ddi ngoai giQa hai nQdc ehi xay lln Ching han nhQ "thang ndm 1305, nQdc La Hdi sai ngudi dang vai lien la va cac thQ" (20) va "mua ddng thang 10 nam 1360, thuyen budn ciia cac Lp Hac, Trd Nha, Xiem La den Van Ddn budn ban, dang cac vat la" (21) TQ sau ndm 1300, thUdng thuyen eua nUde da ddn Van Ddn d l thdng thUdng Thdi ky ehdng Dai Mdng ket thuc, ban dao Ddng DUdng tUdng ddi dUpc dn dinh da cho phdp ndi lai quan hp thdng thUdng eua Vipt Nam vdi cac nUde phUdng Nam nhU qua khQ Vao nam 1360, nQdc, Lp Hac vd Tra Nha dQqic gpi II La Hpc vk Java, cdn Xiem La thi thdi ky Ayutthaya chUa h(?p nha't Sukhothai nen Xiem La Id each gpi sai cua Xiem Vudng qudc Ajnatthaya la mpt vQdng qudc budn ban VQdng qudc Chiangmai hay Sukhothai n i m d Bic-Trung bp lpi dyng dQdng bien d l thdng thQdng ddi ngo^i nhQng khdng de dang, ngQcjc lai vQdng qudc Ayutthaya d phia Nam da lpi dyng dieu kipn dia ly thudn lpi nen cd t h i trd qudc gia trung tam dQdng biln Thdi Quan h$ giihi Vt$t Ram vt Th6i Lan ky nam 1368-1398 va 1403-1424, vQdng qudc Ayutthaya da phai thuyen cdng nap cho nQdc Minh den 57 lln; Nam 1425-1570, thuyen eiia nQdc LQU Khu len den 56 chide (22) da chQng minh cho dieu NhQng dilm dang nghi ngd la luc dd Ddng Nam A chii yeu ldi dyng gid mua d vung biln duyen hai vd Vipt Nam la nQdc n i m tren true dudng ma tau thuyen ciia cae qudc gia qua lai thi vipc thdng thUdng giQa Thai Lan vd Vipt Nam khdng t h i khdng tdn tai Hdn nQa, vQdng qudc Sukhothai eiia Thai Lan thi vai eh\ie lln, vQdng qudc Ayutthaya thi gin 100 l l n phai sQ t h i n vd thuyen cdng nap eho Trung Qudc (23) nhQng tai cdng nap eho Vipt Nam thi ehi cd mdt hai lln Trieu dai nha T r i n xung dpt gay git vdi Mdng Cd thdi gian ddi se Id mpt ly chinh nhQng ly ldn hdn khdng phai Id xung dot trile tiep md la sQ banh trQdng eua vQdng qudc Thai Lan, nen giQa nQdc da tQng tdn tai sQ ddi ldp Chung ta thiy diu hipu ndy vao d i u triiu dai T r i n nam 1313 Ching ban, "Liy an phu sQ Dd Thieu HQ lam kinh iQdc sQ Biy gid nQdc Chiem Thanh bj nQdc Xiem La l l n cQdp, vua sai Thien HQ di kinh iQpc Nghp An vd Lam Binh dl sang cQu Chiem Thanh Sau pham kd hoaeh lo lipu ve bien gidi phia Tay, Minh Tdng deu uy cho Thien HQ" (24) Theo ljch sii, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam va Chiem Thanh nhQ nQdc vdi liia Chiem Thanh n i m d mien Trung ciia Vipt Nam lac h^u v l kinh td, tQ thd ky thQ trQdc CN dd rdi vdo tinh trang mau t h u i n vipc chdng l^i sQ md rpng lanh thd vd vipc thdng qua Nam tien eua Vipt Nam di khic ph\ic ndn kinh td lac hdu (25) NhQ da de cap, sau cupc xung dpt giQa nQdc nam 1697, Chiem Thanh hoan toan bj hpp n h i t vdo Vi^t Nam va bj xda ten tren ban dd NhQng 37 trieu dai nhd T r i n cung trai qua tinh trang tQdng tQ va ed sQ thay ddi trUde cupc chinh phue thd gidi eua Mdng Co De ddi mdt vdi sU xam lUde cua Mdng Co, ca hai nUde chan thdnh mong mudn quan hp hdp tae nhU rang va mdi Kdt qua la nam 1282, Mdng Co xam lUde Chiem Thanh (hay Chiem Thanh cua Xiem dupe de cdp d tren) thi Vipt Nam da giii ehi vipn (26) Do do, den Vipt Nam khd chip nhdn sU that Thai Lan chiem Chiem Thanh lam lanh thd cua minh, va di nhien la Vipt Nam da dQng ddi phd vdo nam 1313 Trong trat tQ qudc te dd, sQ xam iQpc Chiem Thdnh eua vUdng qudc Sukhothai di nhien dd khieu khich Vipt Nam va eung vdi cupc d i u tranh chdng quan Mong ciia Vipt Nam, quan hp ciia nUde hi anh hudng khdng nhd Ddc bipt ve mat ddi ngoai, vUdng qudc Ayutthaya dd theo dudi sU bdnh trUdng nhanh chdng vd dap lai yeu ciu quan hp doi ngoai ciia Thai Lan ring "thang ndm 1467, thuyen budn eiia nUde Xiem La den trang Van Ddn, dang bieu bing la vdng va dang san vdt dia phUdng Vua khude tQ khdng nhan" (27) d day thi Vi$t Nam eung dQpc nhic den TQ trieu dai Ly den nay, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vd Thai Lan du khdng mat thidt nhQng Vipt Nam chQa bao gid tQ chdi yeu ciu quan h$ ddi ngoai eiia Thai Lan Do dd, tQ thdi k^ vQdng qud'c Ayutthaya cua Thai Lan va Hau Le eua Vipt Nam, quan hp eua nUde da rdi vao tinh trang ddi lap vi deu cd chinh sach md rpng lanh thd rieng eiia minh Theo tai lipu ciia Vipt Nam, dudi trieu dai nha Hd, quan hp giQa Thai Lan va Vipt Nam hoan toan khdng dQpc de cdp Dieu dd la chfnh sach md rpng lanh thd khdng thay ddi giQa hai nQdc vd thdi gian tdn tai ciia trieu dai nha Hd qua ngin TrQdc trieu dai Hau Le ddi, thdi gian Rghi&n curu Lich sJr sg 8.2008 38 eai tri eua nhd Minh, giQa nUde ciing khdng ed quan hp ngoai giao Thdi k y 1428-1788 Thdi gian quan hp giQa Thai Lan va Vipt Nam la quan hp xung dot Di nhien thdi ky ndy quan hp eiia hai nQdc tQ d i u khdng phai la quan hp xung dot Trong lich s^, d i u the ky XVH, trQdc Chiem Thanh bi xda ten tren ban dd va trQdc Vipt Nam can thipp vao ndi tinh eua Campuchia, md hinh cua trieu dai nha Ly v i n dupe tri Mpt mat, ve cudl thdi gian nay, quan hp hdp t i e than thipn dUde hinh va tren cd sd dd vUdng trieu cudl cung eua Vi$t Nam tiep tuc tri moi quan hp mpt chQng mile n h i t dinh Vipc trieu dai Hau Le tdn tai thdi gian ddi eung Id mdt ydu td hinh mdi quan hp xung dpt gay git Trong thdi gian dd, quan hp ddi ngo^i giQa hai nQdc so vdi trQdc phQc tap vd td nhi hdn d nhieu mat O ddy, ea nQdc khdng ngQng mQu eiu chinh sdch md rpng lanh thd ben ngoai, ddc bipt la trQdng hpp cua Vipt Nam, BicNam bi chia cit, ddi lap gay g i t nen khao khat thuc diy chinh sach Nam tien hdn bao gid hdt Vd kdt qua la quan h | Vipt Nam-Thai Lan thdi gian dd, Chiem Thdnh vd'n la vung dpm d i n d i n hi xda bd sQ can thipp vdo ndi bp vUdng qudc Angor ciia Thai Lan va Vipt Nam tang theo svl suy yeu nhanh chdng eiia vUdng qudc Angor Trong lich sii Vipt Nam, trieu dai Hdu Le la trieu dai md rpng lanh thd Vipt Nam nhieu n h i t O Quang Nam ddn cQc Nam lanh thd hipn tai cung dQpc hinh thdi k^ (28) Lue dd, vUdng qudc Ayutthaya eiia Thai Lan eung quyet tam md rpng lanh thd Vipc chinh phyc Campuchia ciia vUdng qudc Ayutha ya cung tae dpng ldn den quan hp ddi ngoai giQa Vipt Nam va Thai Lan DQdi trieu dai Hdu Le, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vd Thai Lan dQ(?c b i t d i u cae thuyen budn cua Xiem La sang cdng vdo thang nam 1437 dQdi trieu vua Le Thai Lan Tdng (29) Lue nay, vUdng qudc Ayutthaya chiem Angor, tiep theo h(?p n h i t hoan toan Sukhothai Thang 11 nam d6 nUde Xiem La da phai sQ t h i n di trieu cdng "NQdc Xiem La sai sQ la Trai CQdng Lat sang cd'ng Vua dQa eho sic thQ bao mang ve, va trQ cho p h i n thud budn giam xudng b i n g niia p h i n nfim trUde, 20 thu phin, rdi thudng eho ra't hdu Ngoai ve phin qud'e vUdng cho 24 ta'm l\ia, 30 bd bat sQ, ve p h i n qudc phi cho td'm l\ia, bp bat sQ, mdi bp la 35 chide" (30) Ndi dung tren da chQa dUng nhieu a\} that mdi O trieu dai trUde khdng cd ten eae sQ t h i n eiia Thai Lan, day Id l l n d i u tien duc^c de cap TrQdc dd, thUdng thuyen hay quan lai cua Thai Lan npp le vat da giii thu n h i n va de cdp ndi dung mpt each eu the vd thud thdng thUdng so vdi thdi ky trUde va ed the phan doan thai dp eua Vipt Nam nhu the nao qua vipc giii dap le eho qudc vUdng va hoang hau Thai Lan Ndi dung "trQ cho p h i n thud budn giam xudng b i n g niia p h i n ndm trUde" da eho tha'y quan hp thdng thUdng giQa hai nQdc dQpc trien khai them mdt bUde Do dn dinh npi bp thdi ky d i u eiia vQdng trieu Hau Le nen luc dd Vipt Nam d thdi ky ma ehinh sach Nam tien hoan todn khdng dQpc xuc tien Day cung Id thdi ky md ngoai Xiem La ra, Vipt Nam cd quan h$ trieu cdng vdi Trao Oa, Tam Phat Te, Chiem Thanh, Man Lat Gia (31) Quan h$ giira Vi^ Ram va Th61 Lan Sau Le Thai Tdng, Le Nhan Tdng, thdi gian tai vi eiia Le Thanh Tdng, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vd Chiem Thanh rdi vao quan hp xung dot Nam 1470, Le Thanh Tdng da d i n mdt dai quan manh gdm 150 ngdn linh chiem linh Chiem Thanh va den trieu dai nhd Hd thi da hpp n h i t nhQng dQdi thdi cai tri ciia nha Minh da bi Iiy lai Quang Nam va Quang Ngai Ngoai sQ kipn dd thi Idnh thd Vipt Nam da dQpc md rdng den Binh Dinh (32) Khdng nhQng the, Le Thanh Tdng edn vd hipu hda sQc manh cua Chiem Thdnh vdi hinh thQc dat vua tren vung edn lai ciia Chiem Thanh (33) Tham vpng hdp n h i t Chiem Thanh eiia Vipt Nam va sQ xung dot vdi Chiem Thdnh d phfa Nam eung da anh hQdng den mdi quan hp doi ngoai giQa Vipt Nam vd Thai Lan Di nhien khdng biet rd nguyen nhan, nhQng nhQ da de cdp d tren lipu cd d sQ tQ chdi eiia Vipt Nam ddi vdi vi^c dang le vdt ciia thQdng thuyen Xiem La vao nam 1467 khdng? Lue quan hp vdi Thai Lan hoan toan khdng c h i m dQt Tuy nhien cung khdng tim t h i y tai lifu nao ghi quan hp tdt dpp qua trieu cdng va thdng thQdng eua hai nQdc NhQng thang 11 nam 1485 xem xdt ndi dung sic ludt ve vipe sQ t h i n eae phien bang ddn trieu cd'ng nhQ Chiem Thdnh, Lao Qua, Xiem La, Trao Oa, Lat Gia (34) thi khdng t h i ddn gian di ddn ket luan la Vipt Nam hoan toan khdng ed quan hp vdi Thai Lan Svl that Vipt Nam da tQ chdi quan hp vdi Thai Lan tQ giQa the ky XV dd tao nen mpt hinh anh r i t phQc tap nhin nhan trat tQ tUdng lai cua Ddng Nam A Vipt Nam da thue diy Nam tien d l hpp n h i t Chiem Thanh, sau dd npi loan thdi gian ddi vd giQa Nam-Bic da cd sU doi lap gay git, phia Nam tidp t\ie Nam tien dl hpp n h i t 39 Chiem Thanh va Chan Lap Thai Lan thi d tinh trang chien tranh gay git di tranh gianh Uu the' va md rpng lanh thd vung d i t hda binh vdi cac vUdng qudc Ddng-Tay-Nam-Bie Vdi ludt rQng an va bj an l l n nhQ the Nam tien eiia Vipt Nam va va Ddng tie'n Thai Lan khdng t h i khdng anh hQdng de'n quan hp ddi ngoai giQa hai nQdc TQ d i u the ky XVI quan hp ddi ngoai ciia Vipt Nam vdi cac nUdc lang gieng bao gdm ea Thdi Lan da giam di tinh hinh nUde nhU cude chidn tranh Nam-Bic (1527-1592) hay sQ ndi loan cua ndng dan tren todn qudc xay tQ ndm 1511-1522 Vi the, svl ehinh phvie Chiem Thanh ciia mien Nam Vipt Nam bi gian doan tam thdi Cupc d i u tranh quyen iQc eiia Trinh-Nguyen phan chia Vipt Nam mien NamBic va sQ md rdng lanh thd ve phia Nam dQpc trien khai mpt lln nQa Ndu sQ md rpng lanh thd trQdc day vdn cd mve dieh kinh te, ehinh trj thi si^ md rpng lanh thd luc ndy n h i m phpc hdi sQc manh dl tim lai quyen iQc da m i t (35) Do dd sQ md rpng lanh thd vd phfa Nam luc khdng chi gidi han ddn Chiem Thanh ma mpt each tQ nhien md rpng den tdn Campuchia ndi tiep giap vdi Chiem Thanh Ket qua la cho den bay gid khdng t h i tranh dQpc sQ xung dot vdi Thai Lan, nQdc tidp tyc dung quyen iQc gdy anh hQdng d Campuchia Trong l;eh sii, quan hp giQa Vipt Nam vdi Campuchia Id quan hp quan thin Campuchia da trieu cdng eho Vipt Nam tQ nam 1012 dQdi thdi nha Ly (36) NhQng quan hp quan t h i n , quan hp giQa hai nQdc ket cue v i n khdng em dpp Vi vay, Campuchia thQdng xuyen chiem doat Vipt Nam Trong qua trinh dd, Campuchia da lien hipp vdi Chiem Thdnh la nQdc nim d v\ 40 tri quan trpng cung ldp ehien ham va lich sii, luc thinh vU(?ng nha't Campuchia da vai l l n chiem Vipt Nam vao the ky XII Vdi lich sc( nhU the, sQ mong mdi hq)p nhd't Chiem Thanh eua nhQng ngQdi Vipt Nam qua khQ va sQ cin thiet phai md rdng lanh thd cua chua Nguyen dQdi thdi ky ddi lap Nam-Bic giQa sau the ky XVI da thuc diy sQ hdp n h i t Campuchia ciia Vipt Nam D i u the ky XVI, tinh hinh nUde hon loan, vipe Nam tien bi tri trp, Campuchia n i m dudi sU cai tri cua Thai Lan Sau dd, vUdng qudc Ayutthaya thdnh thupc qudc cua Mien Dipn (1569-1584) nen tan dung cd hdi ndy, Campuchia vdi tim lai ddc ldp tam thdi va rdi lai bi lp thude vao vUdng qudc Ayutthaya Lue dd vUdng qudc Ayutthaya da cai quan h i u het lanh thd eua Thai Lan Vipt Nam, ehua Nguyen la ngUdi ed anh hQdng d phia Nam da triln khai hdp n h i t p h i n lanh thd cdn lai ciia Chiem Thanh b i n g vipe b i t d i u hdp n h i t Cu Mdng va Dai Linh eiia Chiem Thanh Tham vpng md rpng lanh thd ciia Vipt Nam khdng ehi dQng lai d Chiem Thdnh Nam 1620, chua Nguyen da ky kdt ddng minh va kdt hdn vdi Chey Chettha ddi thQ eiia Campuchia (37) Ldi dung dieu ndy, Campuchia da mQdn sQc eua Vipt Nam de thoat khdi sQ eai tri ciia Thai Lan (38) Vipt Nam ed ed hpi can thipp vao Campuchia mdt each hdp phap vdi tQ each Id ngQdi dan nQdc, ddng thdi tren ed sd dd, Campuchia ed dQdc cd hdi tuypt vdi cd t h i can trd Thai Lan tien vao xam chiem lanh thd eiia minh Sau ket hdn ddng minh, ngUdi Vipt di tru ddn Campuchia nhieu hdn, quan hp ddi ngoai ciia hai nUdc cung sau sic hdn va Thai Lan da b i t man quan hp khdng Rghito ciiru Lich sit s6 8.2008 man ma vdi Campuchia nen nam 1623 va nam sau dd da hai l l n xam chiem Campuchia nhQng t h i t bai (39) DQdi chfnh sach ngoai giao g i n Vipt xa Thai Lan cua Campuchia, nam 1658, vipc yeu eiu Vipt Nam tham gia vao Campuchia de giai quyet tranh cha'p vUdng v\ (40) da lam eho quan hp giQa Thai Lan vd Vipt Nam them cdng t h i n g hdn Nhan cd hdi nay, Vipt Nam da giii quan dpi den Campuchia giup giai quydt phan tranh rdi bien Campuchia trd thupc qudc Thai Lan da hai lln phai sQ t h i n vao nam 1659 vd 1660 eho ehua Trinh dang cd chien tranh vdi chua Nguyen (41) la mdt sach lUdc ngoai giao dl ham lai sU Nam tien cua ehua Nguyen Mdt mat, sau bien Campuchia thupe qudc, thang nam 1660 chua Nguyen phai sQ doan thQdng mai ddn vUdng qudc Ayutthaya khdng dUpe Thai Lan tiep dai tii td dd la mpt sQ trQng phat hay tra dua Ddi vdi vipc phai sQ doan sang thi Cho Heung Guk eho dd la sach iQpc ngoai giao eiia Vipt Nam de n i m b i t phan Qng cua chinh phu Thai Lan nhQ thd ndo ddi vdi vipc tham gia quan sQ vdo Campuchia vdn cd anh hQdng cua Thai Lan truyen thdng (42), va cung eho biet bay gid minh 11 nQdc ba chii ddi vdi Campuchia va mudn tranh xung dpt Hdn nQa, n h i m liy lai sQc manh bi tieu hao, lap trQdng ciia Chua Nguyen Id hdn luc nao hdt d n diy manh thdng thQdng vdi ben ngoai, vipe c i t dQt quan hp thQdng mai vdi Thai Lan khdng cd Ipi nen da phai sQ doan thQdng mai sang Thai Lan n h i m tri mdi quan hp Dieu dQpc suy luan qua vipe chua Nguyen danh thue xuit nhap eang eae tau thuyen nQdc ngodi tidn den phia Nam ndi chua Nguyen cai tq "Xdt lp thue Ipnh sii tau cu Id Vo Chan Dai ke khai thi tau ThQdng Hai lp thud ddn Quan h4 giijra Vi^t Ram vt Th6i Lan la 3.000 quan, thud ve la 300 quan, tau Quang Ddng lp thud den la 3.000 quan, thud ve la 300 quan, tau d Phue Kien lp thud la 2.000 quan, thue ve la 200 quan, tau Hai Nam thud ddn la 500 quan, thud ve la 50 quan, tau Tay DUdng lp thud ddn 8.000 quan, thud ve la 800 quan, tau Ma Cao lp thud den Id 4.000 quan, thud vd la 400 quan, tau Nhat Ban lp thue den la 4.000 quan, thud ve la 400 quan, tau Xiem La lp thud den la 2.000 quan, thud ve 200 quan " (43) Trong tinh hinh ehinh tri ddi lap Trinh-Nguyen, dieu khoan eho t h i y ddi ngoai thdng thUdng giQa Thai Lan va Vipt Nam binh thQdng hdn lue nao hdt Ve sau, vipc tranh gianh ngdi vi d Campuchia v i n dQpc tidp tuc Campuchia khdng the tQ giai quyet vipe dupe, nen mdi ein thi lai yeu eiu sU giup dd eua Thai Lan va Vipt Nam kd can (44), Thai Lan va Vipt Nam vd'n dang ehd ed hdi hdp nha't nen lpi dyng dieu nen hai nQdc da d^t tham vpng eua minh vd dd khdng t h i tranh khdi sQ xung dpt gay git Vipe tranh gidnh vQdng vi vdo nam 1674 da tao ed hpi cho Vipt Nam phai quan dpi den Campuchia l l n thQ hai (45) Kdt qua Id xay sQ xung dpt vu Ivle l l n thQ n h i t vdi Thai Lan vd'n b i t d i u can thipp quan sQ va chinh tri vao Campuchia vao d i u nhQng nam 1670 Vipt Nam chidn t h i n g da bd nhipm Nde n g Thu, Nac Ong Ndn lam qudc vQdng va phd qudc vQdng va cho cQ tni d Udong (Long Ue), Sdi Gdn Do can thifp vdo npi tinh ciia Campuchia, Vipt Nam da dQa ly Id chau hoang tpc nen da bd nhipm Nac n g Thu than Thai Lan lam qudc vQdng ehinh chQ khdng bd nhifm Nan n g Npn thdn minh du minh Id nQdc chidn t h i n g Id mdt each cdng nhdn Thai Lan manh hdn minh (46) Thdt lue dd chua Trinh vd ehua Nguyen dang tidn 41 hanh cude chidn tranh l l n thQ vd cung mudn tranh xung dot vu iQc vdi Thai Lan Lue Campuchia phai trieu cdng eho ca Thdi Lan va Vipt Nam Sau dd, ndm 1679, giQa qudc vQdng vd phd qudc vQdng ciia Campuchia xay xung dot, Vipt Nam va Thai Lan ddng thdi cung can thipp quan sQ d Campuchia nen da xay chidn tranh d dd (47) Mdt mdt, vao nam 1679, nhieu ngQdi dan eua nQdc Minh gia eU vdo Campuchia (48) da lam cho tinh hinh them phQc tap Vipt Nam da lpi dung hp dl thue diy hpp n h i t lanh thd eua Campuchia va ke't qua la b i t diu phat triln lanh thd rpng ldn ve phia Ddng ciia Campuchia nhQ Ddng Phd, My Tho, Bien Hda vd rdi nam 1698 da hpp n h i t toan bp (49) Tidp theo, nam 1680, Mac Ciiu la mpt cQu t h i n eua nha Minh, que d tinh Quang Ddng Trung Qud'c dUdc b i u lam quan ly eua Campuchia da khai thac todn bp Hd Tien nhUng nam 1708, dng ta dd than phuc Vipt Nam nen them mpt lln nQa Vipt Nam ed dQdc lanh thd phia Nam cua Chan Lap (50) Con trai eua Mac Ciiu \k Mac Thien TQ, nam 1739 dQdc cdng nhan cd cdng lao ngan chdn Campuchia nhan chi vipn cua Xiem La va dupe phong ldm dd ddc (51) Sau dd, cupc phan tranh vUdng vi cua Campuchia vd sU can thipp npi tinh eua Thai Lan va Vipt Nam vao Campuchia vd so' l l n va quy md eang tang Ket qua la sU md rpng lanh thd Campuchia eua hai nude dupe tiep tvic Nam 1757, Thuy Chan Lap va Lue Chan Lap (52) vdn bi phan chia vao the ky VIII da dupe hpp n h i t thdnh todn bp Chan Lap va Vipt Nam da cd dUpe lanh thd nhU Dudi thdi vUdng qudc Thonburi (17671782), Thai Lan da cd anh hUdng manh hdn den Campuchia Luc dd, chua Nguyen b phfa Nam rdi vdo hdn loan, sQc thdng trj 42 yeu di cd eudc nd'i loan ciia dan tdc thieu sdva ndng dan TQ nam 1771, cupc ndi loan ciia ndng dan Tay Sdn b i t d i u uy hiep den sQ tdn tai cua ehua Nguyin va sQ dipt vong cua trieu dai hdu Le Tinh hinh dd da can trd vipc md rdng lanh thd v l chua Nguyen di nhien khdng t h i can thipp dQdc vao ndi tinh ciia Campuchia Vipc khdng the md rdng lanh thd hdn nQa cung la thdi gian n g i n ehua Nguyen da md rdng lanh thd r i t ldn va khdng dii kha nang de quan ly khai thae Vdi cd hpi nay, vQdng qudc Thonburi cua Thai Lan va vQdng qud'c Rattanakosin (1782-den nay) da dpc chidm quyen lanh dao ddi vdi Campuchia Thdi gian ddi lap giQa Tay Sdn va chua Nguyen (1771-1802) cung da tao mdt khfa canh mdi quan hp giQa Vipt Nam va Thai Lan Vd phia Vipt Nam, eho de'n biy gid chua Nguyen d phia Nam vdn chii dao moi quan hp vdi Thai Lan da thua cupc chien vdi Tay Sdn va s i p bi dipt vong edn Thai Lan thi vUdng qudc Thonburi dUpe ldp va vUdng qud'c Aj^thaiya hi suy tan nhUng thdi gian dd mdi quan hp cdng t h i n g giQa eae nha sQ va ehien tranh ddi ngoai thdi gian ddi da ling diu, vd tidp nol vQdng qudc Thonburi, vQdng qud'e Rattanakosin thdi gian d i u xay dQng d i t nUde khdng dupe dn dinh, da xay ehien tranh vdi Mien Dipn, Java vdi quy md ldn Vdi tinh hinh dd, quan hp giQa hai nQdc hodn toan xay dvfng tren ed sd mdi Thang 11 nam 1781, Chakri eiia Thai Lan xam chidm Campuchia, Chudng cd Nguyen HQu Thuy eua Viet Nam nhftn Ipnh cua Nguyen Phuc Anh chi vipn cho Campuchia Trong thdi gian hai phia ddi d i u d Campuchia thi d Thai Lan da xay phan loan, luc dd gia dinh ciia Chakri d Bdng Cdc bi bit Luc dd, Chakria da ky ket hpp Rghl&i ciiru Lich sit, sg 8.2008 tae vdi Nguyen Huy Thuy (53) dang d tinh trang khdng t h i tien hanh chidn tranh dQdc nQa ma phai elp bach xii Iy tinh hinh nQdc nen da n i t quan de quan dpi vd ban than dQpc an todn Vi vdy, cho du Chakri ky kdt vdi Vipt Nam vdi cQdng vi qudc gia nhQng v i n thd'y tfnh ca nhan manh hdn Khi xem xdt tinh hinh Iiic dd thi dd chfnh Id dieu Udc ky ket ciia ca nhan cua Chakri Lue dd, thdt ra, chua Nguyen ciia Vipt Nam dang ehien d i u vdi quan Tay Sdn da tidp nhan yeu c i u cua phia Thai Lan Ky kdt giQa hai ngUdi sau ndy da dem lai sU thay ddi r i t ldn cho quan hp giQa hai nUdc Chung tdi se de cap sau, nhUng ehua Nguyen thdng qua vipc ky kdt nay, trUde hdt da bao vp sinh mang ciia minh vd nhQng ngQdi ung hd minh d l khdng chi chuin bi cd sd cho vipc quay trd lai md cdn tri mdi quan hp hQu nghj hpp tac vdi cho du sau thdnh Idp vUdng trieu thinh thoang cd xung dpt giQa hai ben NhQng sQ kipn sau day cd t h i dem lai kdt qua eho quan hp hpp tac giQa chua Nguyen vd Chakri TrQdc hdt, cupc da'u tranh vdi anh em nhd Tay Sdn, Nguyen Phue Anh da phai Nguyen HQu Thyy, Trin Xuan Trach den Thai Lan vao t h i n g nam 1782 va ed t h i da yeu eiu chi vipn (54) Tiep theo vdo thang ndm 1784, cupc chien tranh, Nguyen Phuc Anh da d i n nhQng ngUdi iing hd minh lanh nan d Thai Lan (55) Cd t h i dupe xem gidng nhU tnidng hpp eua tQdng Vinhlyma cua Thai Lan bi b i t sdng cupc chien vdi anh em Tay Sdn mdt ndm trQdc vao t h i n g nam 1783 Khi vUdng qudc Thonburi gap hdn loan, dng ta da dem 200 binh Ifnh va miy chyc chidn thuyen den Vipt Nam tranh nan dang giup ehua Nguyen thi bj b i t (56) Vua Chakri eiia vQdng qudc Rattanakosin da nhan yeu c i u chi vipn cua Quan h$ giura Vi&i Ram vd Th6i Lan Nguyen Phue Anh, thang nam 1784, hai chau Chieu Tang, Chieu SQdng dem 300 ehien thuyen vdi van quan ehi vipn eho Vipt Nam Lue diu, lien hipp quan ciia hai ben gin nhQ thing, nhQng bi quan Tay Sdn mai phue nen da h\ thua Quan bai trdn ciia Thai Lan da n i t quan qua Campuchia Nguyen Phue Anh mdt l l n nQa iQu vong d Thai Lan vdo thang nam 1785 Vua Thai Lan da di cho dng ta cQ t n i d Ddng Khoai (d ngoai Vpng Cae) ngoai eua Bang Cdc (57) Ong ta sdng d dd nhQng phai ngQdi ve nQdc de chieu mp quan Ifnh, n i m tinh hinh ciia quan Tay Sdn, chuin h\ khdi phue Thang nam 1786, Midn Dipn xam chidm Thai Lan, dng ta lanh dao va giup dd Thai Lan danh bai quan Mien Dipn Vua Thai Lan da tdng nhieu ll vdt va hQa giup dng ta la'y lai quyen iQc Thang eung nam, trQdc cude xam chidm eiia Java, dng ta cung xui't binh va ldp dQdc chidn cdng (58) Thang nam 1787, Nguyen Phue Anh n i m dQpc tin quan Tay Sdn rdi vdo tinh trang hdn loan va dng ta nhanh chdng trd ve nQdc NhQng luc ndy dng ta cho r i n g qua trinh ehien d i u vdi quan Tay Sdn, quan Thdi Lan da khiep sp edn ngQdi dan khu vvie cd cam tinh vdi quan Tdy Sdn, svl giup dd cua Thai Lan trd nen khdng cd hipu qua nen da vd nQdc Ong ta den hdn Tre (True Du), d dd dng ta da chat thu elp cua cai cd Trung vdn dang hoat dpng hai tac vdi nhQng doi tQpng la thQdng thuyen ciia Thai Lan rdi giii sang cho Thai Lan Vipc ndy cung giup eho mdi quan hp hpp tac giQa hai ben phat trien (59) Quan hp hdp tac giQa hai ben v i n dQpc tidp tyc sau ehua Nguyen ve nQdc nam sau phvie hdi Gia Dinh ndm 1789 Cd nhQng sQ kipn nhQ da ehi vipn 8.800 bao ngii cdc eho Thai Lan dang gap khd 43 khan bdi han han va ddi kdm (60) Nam 1789, trQdc sQ xam iQpc eua Mien Dipn, Vipt Nam da giii 100 chidn thuyen va 7.000 quan ehi vipn cho Thai Lan (61) Ndm 1791, neu nhQ vipc vQdng trieu Chakri chuyen nhQpng tu binh cua Tay Sdn tQ vQdng qudc Van TQdng eho chua Nguyin la vipe cd that thi chua Nguyen - vUdng qudc Chakri-vUdng qudc Van TUdng da lien hipp danh lai Tay Sdn (62) Ket l u a n Chung tdi da gidi ban vipe xem xdt quan hp giQa Vipt Nam va Thai Lan tQ thdi ky nha Han Trung Qudc cai tri Vipt Nam den tridu dai cudi cung ciia Vipt Nam Vipt Nam va Thai Lan d ban dao Ddng DQdng vd dQdc ndi lien bdi dQdng bien giQa Chiem Thdnh va Campuchia nen da cd quan hp tQ sdm NhUng theo quan nipm lich sii "quan hp giQa cac nUde lang gieng khdng tot" nen quan hp ddi ngoai cua hai nUde cung khong dUde mdn md Quan hp ddi ngoai giQa Vipt Nam vd cae nUde lang gidng bao gdm ca Thai Lan khdng dupc td't dpp mpt p h i n y thQc tieu Trung Hoa thdng qua qua trinh d i u tranh gay git vdi Trung Qudc May thay, giQa hai nUdc cd Chiem Thdnh va Campuchia lam vung dpm nen cd the giam bdt sU ddi ldp va xung dpt NhUng Chiem Thdnh din din bi xoa ten tren ban dd vd Campuchia bi thua cupc canh tranh vdi cac nUdc lang gieng nen quan hp hai nUde cd rdi vao ddi ldp vd xung dpt TQ sdm, Vipt Nam vd Thai Lan da diu tranh va ddi ldp gay git vdi cac nQdc lang gieng vi sQ sinh tdn va thinh vQpng Quan hp giQa hai nUde da bj anh hudng bdi dieu ndy Do dd, thdi ky Chiem Thanh va Campuchia vQng manh, quan hp giQa hai nQdc em dpp nhUng Chiem Thanh va 44 R g h i ^ curu Lich sJr sg 8.2008 Campuchia bi yeu di thi tinh hinh da trd nen phQc tap hdn Quan he giQa hai nUde khdng chi bi t i e ddng bdi tinh hinh Chiem Thanh va Campuchia Tinh hinh ehinh tri nUde ciia Vipt Nam va Thai Lan cung nhU tinh hinh ndi bp va quan he cua eae nUde lang gidng khae ngoai Chiem Thanh, Campuchia eung gay anh hudng den quan he cua Vipt Nam va Thai Lan NhUng tinh hinh Chiem Thanh va Campuchia la yeu td' gay anh hudng ldn nha't den quan hp hai nUde dd la bien sd Trong dd, yeu td quydt CHU dinh nha't la tinh hinh Campuchia Ly tinh hinh Campuchia trd yeu td quyet dinh la Thai Lan va Vipt Nam tiep can Campuchia vdi tham vpng n i m quyen lUe, md rdng lanh thd cua minh thdng qua vipc giup dd giai quyet van dd ke thQa vUdng vi d Campuchia Nhd cd hpi nay, hai nUde da cd dUpe mpt lanh thd r i t ldn cua Campuchia Ket qua la nay, quan he giQa ba nUdc ma dac bipt la quan hp Viet Nam-Campuchia, quan hp Thai Lan-Campuchia v i n bi anh hUdng khdng nhd THICH (*) Tac gia xin chfin thfinh cam dn Quy nghien Cliu ciia Trildng Dai hpc Ngo^i ngiJ Han Quoc (2008) (1) Cho Jae Hyun-Song Jung Nam, Su nhin vdo Viit Nam, Nxb Dai hpc Ngofii ngiJ Han Quoc, 2005, p 75, 129 (2) Cho Hung Guk: Political Relations between Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam in the Seventeenth Century, The Southeast Asian Review, Vol 5, The Korean Association of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997, p 64 (3) Song Jung Nam, A Study of Buddhism of Vietnam, Joural of International and Area Studies, Vol.19 No 1, Institute for International and Area Studies, 2001 cdu Lich sd, so 46, 1963; Trin Trpng Kim, Vi^t Nam sd lUgc, Nxb Vfin h6a Thong tin, Hfi Npi, 1999, p 69; Dfio Duy Anh, Lich sd Viit Nam, Nxb Van h6a Thong tin Ha Npi, 2002, p 149; Trin Quoc Vupng-Ha Van Tfi'n, Lich sd che dd phong kii'n Viet Nam, Tfip I, Nxb Giao dye, Hfi Npi, 1960, pp 182-183; Kim Young Aih, Lich sd Thdi Lan, Nxb D^i hpc Ngo^i ngiJ Han Quoc, 2002, p.28; Kim Hong Gu, Nhap mdn Thdi Lan hgc, Nxb DHNN PS, 2000, p 75; See Ga Seo, Dgi Ly cd dgi vdn hda khdo, HilOng Gang, 1979, pp.120-122; Cho Hung Guk, Phfit gido Thdi Lan vd Nudc Qudc Vuang, Nxb Sonamu, 2000, p 22 (8) Dgi Vi?t sd ky todn thU, T^p I Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, 1971, pp.134-137 (5) Viet sd thdng gidm cUcfng mue chinh biin, T P I, Nxb.Van Sd Dja, p 109 (9) Dgi Viit sd ky todn thu, T$ip I, Nxb Khoa hpc xfi hpi Ha Npi, 1971, p 281; Dgi Vift sd ky tiin biin, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, 1997, p 283; Vift sd thdng gidm cUang mt^c chinh biin, T^p FV, Nxb Vfin Sii Dja, 1958, p 355 (6) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, T^p I Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, 1971, p 130 (10) Dgi Vi4t sd ky todn thu, T4p II, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Npi, 1972, p 101 (7) Vo Vfin Nhung, NgUdi Thdi phdi chdng Id (11) Dgi Vi^t sdky todn thU, T$p II, sdd, p.l63 ngUcfi sdng ldp nUdc Nam Chii'u? T^p chi Nghiin (12) Dgi Vi4t sd ky todn thu, T^p I, add, p 349 (4) Phan Khoang, Viet Sd: Xd Ddng Trong 1558-1777, Nxb Khai Tri, 1969, p 20 Quan h^ giura Vitt Ram v6 Th61 Lan 45 (13) Dgi Viit sd ky todn thU, Tflp I, sdd, 1998, p 317 Theo Du ky cua Maroco Polo thi nildc Locac la La Hpc Kim Ho Dong, Du ky cua Marco Polo, Nxb Sagyejul, 2006, p 428 (28) Song J u n g Nam, The Name and of Vietnam, (14) Viit sd thdng gidm cUcfng mue chinh biin, T^p rv, Nxb Vfin Sd Dja, 1958, p 355 (15) T r i n Trpng Kim, Viet Nam sd lugc, sdd, Territory Southesat Asia Journal, V16, N.2, 2006, p.107 (29) Dgi Viit pp 354-355 sd ky todn thU, Tfip III, sdd, p.l20 (30) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, T^p III, sdd, (16) Choi Byung Wook, Lich sd Ddng Nam thdi dgi truyuin (27) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, Tfip III, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1972, p 215 A- thdng, Nxb Cong ty giao khoa D^i Hfin, 2006 p.125 (31) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, Tfip III, sdd, p.132 (17) Dgi Viit sd ky todn thU, Tfip I, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1972, p 295; Dgi Viit sd ky tiin bien, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1997, p 298 (32) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, Tfip I, sdd, pp 233-239; Dfio Duy Anh, Lich sd Viet Nam, J u n g Nam, The Name (18) Viet sd thdng gidm cUcfng mue chinh biin, jfip rv, Nxb Vfin Sd Dja, 1958, p 372 (19) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, Tfip I, sdd, p 295 (20) Dgi Viit sd ky todn thU, T^p II, sdd, p 101; Dgi Viit sdky tiin biin, sdd, p 405 (21) Dgi Viit sdky Nxb Vfin h6a Thong tin Ha Npi, 2002, p 237; Song and Territory of Vietnam, Southesat Asia J o u r n a l , V.16, N.2, 2006, p.107 (33) Dao Duy Anh, Lich sd Viit Nam, sdd, p 236 (34) Dgi Vi?t sdky todn thU, T$p III, sdd, p 292 (35) Cho J a e Hyun-Song J u n g Nam, SU nhin todn thU, Tfip II, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hOi, Hfi Npi, 1998, p 140; Dgi Vi?t sd ky vdo Viit Nam, Nxb Tnidng D^i hpc Ngo^i ngfl Han Quoc, 2005, p 97 todn thu, T^p II, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, (36) Dgi Viit sdky 1972, p 315 (22) Kim Hong Gu, Nhdp mdn Thdi Lan hgc, todn thU, T^p I, sdd, p 193 (37) P h a n Huy Le, Chu Thien, Vaong Hoang Tuyen, Dinh Xufin Lfim Lich sd chddd phong Nxb DHNN PS, 2000, pp 80-81 Viet Nam, (23) Kim Young Aih, Lich sd Thdi Lan, Nxb D^i hpc Ngo^i ngfl H a n Quoc, 2002; Kim Hong Gu, Nh^p mdn Thdi Lan hgc, Nxb D H N N PS, 2000 kien T^p III, Nxb Giao dvc, Hfi Npi 1961, p 105; Le Nguyin, Xd hdi Dgi Viit qua but ky cua ngudi nUdc ngodi, Nxb Vfin ngh§ Thfinh Ho Chf Minh, 2004, p 171; Song J u n g Nam, Lich sd (24) Dgi Viit sd ky todn thU, T§p II, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Npi, 1972, p 13 Vi^t Nam, Nxb D^i hpc Su ph^m, Hfi Npi, 2001, p.193, 304 (25) Song J u n g Nam, A Study on the Battles of Chiem Thanh against Mongolia, Korean Association (38) You In Sun, Lich sd Viet Nam, Nxb Isan, 2002, p 219 of Vietanmese Studies, V.5, 2004, p 37 (39) P h a n Khoang, Viit Sd: Xd Ddng (26) Song J u n g N a m , Foreign Middle Ages of Vietnam: Invasion Vietnam, Policy in the The Case of the Mongol's J o u r n a l of International Area Studies, V.IO, N l Spring 2006, pp 221-222 Trong 1558-1777 Nxb Khai Tri, Sfii Gon, 1969, p.400 (40) Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip I, Nxb Sii hpc, Hfi Npi, 1962, p 98 Rghi&n ciiru Ljch sJr sg 8.2008 46 (41) Cho Hung between Thailand, Seventeenth Guk: Cambodia, Century, Political Relations and Vietnam The Southeast in the Asian Review, Vol 5, The Korean Association of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997, p 56 (42) Cho Seventeenth Guk: Cmabodia, Century, Political Relations and Vietnam The Southeast in the Asian Review, Vol 5, The Korean Association of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997, pp 55-56 (44) Cho H u n g Guk: Political Reations Seventeenth Century, and between Vietnam The Southeast in Asian the Review, Vol 5, The Korean Association of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997, p 53 nUdc Ldo, Campuchia tUcfng lai Ddng Nam A, Nxb D^i hpc Ngo^i n g a H a n Quoc, 1999, p 135 (53) Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin biin Tap I, Nxb Sii hpc, Hfi Npi, 1962, p 202; Dgi Nam chinh biin sa tap, Nxb Thufin H6a, Hu§', 1993, pp 565-566; T r i n Trpng Kim, Viet Nam sd lugc, Nxb (54) Dgi Nam thUc ti^c tiin biin, T^p I, Nxb thUc luc tiin biin, T$p II, Nxb Sd hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p (55) Dgi Nam chinh biin li^t truydn sa tdp, Nxb Thufin H6a, Hue, 1993, pp 566-567 (56) Dgi Nam (45) Dgi Nam Nxb Van h6a Thong tin, 1999, p 377 Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1977, pp 213-232 Cmabodia, (52) Dao Duy Anh, Lich sd Vi^t Nam, Vfin h6a Thong tin, Ha Npi, 2002, p 373; Cha liet truyin (43) Le Quy Don, Phd biin tgp luc, Tfip I, Nxb Thailand, thUc luc tiin bien, Tfip I, Nxb Sang Ho-Yang S e u n g Yun-Kim Suong J u , Cdx Hung between Thailand, (51) Dgi Nam SQ hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 202 thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip II, Nxb Sii hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 48 Svl hpc, Hfi Npi, 1962, p l 2 (57) Dgi Nam (46) Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin biin, T^p I, Nxb th\tc ti^c tiin biin, T^p II, Nxb Sd hpc Ha Npi, 1962, pp 54-59 Sd hpc, Hfi Npi, 1962, p.122 (58) Dgi Nam (47) P h a n Khoang, Viit Sd: Xd Ddng 1558-1777, Trong thilc luc tiin biin, T^p II, Nxb Sd hpc H a Npi, 1962, pp 60-61 , Nxb Khai Tri, Sfii Gon, 1969, pp.410(59) Dgi Nam 411 thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip II, Nxb Sd hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 65 (48) Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip I, Nxb (60) Dgi Nam Sii hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 125 (49) flat Nam thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip I, Nxb Sd hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 125; Le Quy Don, Phu biin tgp luc, Tfip I, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, Sii hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 93; Dgi Nam chinh liet truyin 567 • ,,a thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip II, Nxb Sii hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 280; Dgi Nam chinh (50) Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip I, Nxb Sii hpc, Hfi Npi, 1962, p.p.202; Song J u n g Nam, A Study on Expansion Mid-16 the Land in Southern Century to System and Territorial Part of Vietnam: 18 Century, From The Historical Review, V.36, J u n e 1999, p 57 the Pusan Hit truyin biin sa tap, Nxb Thufin H6a, H u C 1993, p (61) Dgi Nam 1977, p 62 thUc luc tiin biin, Tfip II, Nxb biin sa tap, Nxb Thufin H6a, Hu6', 1993, p 567 (62) Dgi Nam thUc tuc tiin biin, T^p II, Nxb Sii hpc Ha Npi, 1962, p 140; Dgi Nam chinh Hit truyin 618-619 biin so t^p, Nxb T h u ^ n H6a, Hu^, 1993, pp  ... xam lupe An Nam tQ nam 846 Trong thdi ky xam iQdc tQ nam 862-863, Nam Chieu da giet hai hdn 150 ngdn ngQdi An Nam va den nam 866 da cai trj An Nam (8) Vipc xam iQ^e An Nam ciia Nam Chieu cung tidp... ed quan hp ngoai giao Thdi k y 1428-1788 Thdi gian quan hp giQa Thai Lan va Vipt Nam la quan hp xung dot Di nhien thdi ky ndy quan hp eiia hai nQdc tQ d i u khdng phai la quan hp xung dot Trong. .. yeu nhanh chdng eiia vUdng qudc Angor Trong lich sii Vipt Nam, trieu dai Hdu Le la trieu dai md rpng lanh thd Vipt Nam nhieu n h i t O Quang Nam ddn cQc Nam lanh thd hipn tai cung dQpc hinh thdi