Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in xuan thuy national park, nam dinh province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY TRAN THI CHIEN RESEARCH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME RARE PLANT SPECIES IN XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK, NAM DINH PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full - Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : K43 – AEP THAI NGUYEN, 30/09/2015 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name TRAN THI CHIEN Student ID DTN1153411090 Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to Thesis Title the distribution of some rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province Supervisor (s) A/Prof Hoang Van Hung Abstract Nowadays, the issue of biodiversity conservation is an interested issue of countries worldwide, particularly ecosystems in conservation areas or National Parks Mangrove ecosystem is one of the diverse ecosystems and most abundant It has a tremendous role in the economic development of a country Besides the role supply forest product, mangrove plants have a role in the conservation of coastal tropical region, maintain the rich nutrient source to ensure the development of some species in the mangroves It controls climate, expansion alluvial area, and limit erosion Under the influence of the weather conditions, the development of the economic and social activities, the ecological environment such as: the vegetation, canopy cover, fresh vegetation cover, salinity of sea water, tide amplitude… mangrove ecosystem has suffered tremendous impact That has influenced the development of flora, especially rare plant species are needing protection With many different methods such as: Collect information, identifying information about the plant, selected plots research, we have listed rare plant species Based on the fact identified, we have launched a number of appropriate measures for the conservation of rare plant species in general and in particular biodiversity of species such as: policy solutions, technical and economic solutions Key words Biodiversity conservation, ecosystems, mangrove, Ecological environment, diversity, rare plant, National Park Number of pages: 59 Date of submission: 30/9/2015 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the process of implementing the research topics: “Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province” I got the guide and help, encouragement of the teachers and the students I would like to express sincere gratitude to: First and foremost, I wish to express sincere thanks to the Director Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, board of managers of International Training and Development Center and all the teachers have dedicated teaching, the scientific knowledge and the valuable experience for me during the training period, learning in school In particular, I take this opportunity to express profound gratitude and deep regards to the supervisor A/Prof Hoang Van Hung, who guided wholeheartedly, to advise, imparted knowledge and valuable experience help me during the study and completed thesis I also would like to express my gratitude to the Management Board and staff officers Xuan Thuy National Park in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province has helped me during practice, the actual investigation to completion this thesis Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis more perfect Thank you very much! Thai Nguyen, 30/09/2015 Student Tran Thi Chien ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research rationale .4 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.2.1 General objective 1.2.2 Specific objective 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.4 Significance 1.5.Limitations …………………………………………………………………….6 PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Scientific basis of topics 2.1.1 Related Concepts 2.1.2 The conventions concerning threatened species .8 2.2 The legalbasis……………………………………………………………… 10 2.2.1 The text of Central 10 2.2.2 The texts related to the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 11 2.3 Factual basis and reasoning .11 2.3.1 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in the world 11 2.3.2 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in Vietnam 13 2.2.3 Introduction to Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 14 iii PART III METHODS 16 3.1 Material 17 3.1.1 Object of study 17 3.1.2 Location and Time of the research .17 3.1.3 Research contents 17 3.2 Research Methods 18 3.2.1 Methods of collecting data, analysis and synthesis of secondary data 18 3.2.2 Methods for ditermining information about the vegetation and ecology should collect…………………………………………………………………… 19 3.2.3 Choices and establish research plots .19 3.2.4 Collect information .19 3.2.5 Processing data 20 3.2.6 Data analysis 20 3.2.7 Method: Investigate plants following the lines 20 PART IV RESULTS 22 4.1 Assessment of natural conditions of the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 22 4.1.1 Geographical location 22 4.1.2 Topographic characteristics 23 4.1.3 Land characteristics 24 4.1.4 Climate characteristics 26 4.1.5 Tidal characteristics, hydrology and sedimentation rate 27 4.1.6 Advantage and disadvantage .28 iv 4.2 Socio-economic characteristics affect biodiversity conservation in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 28 4.2.1 Population, labor and employment .28 4.2.2 Economic development situation 30 4.2.3 Infrastructure 30 4.2.4.Culture affects indigenous plants in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 31 4.3 Assessment of the status of biodiversity in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 32 4.3.1 Diversity ecosystems of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 32 4.3.2 Diversity of plant species in Xuan Thuy NP, Nam Dinh Province 32 4.3.3 Species composition of phytoplankton 34 4.3.4 Scientific value and practicality of the flora in Xuan Thuy NP 34 4.4 The distribution of vascular plants occurs in the research area 35 4.4.1 The relationship between ecological and environmental factors in standard plos……………………………………………………………… 38 4.4.2 The relationship between the plants in plot research 40 4.4.3 Resources endemic plants and rare trees 42 4.5 Proposed solutions to conserve, maintain the flora of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 43 4.5.1 Policy solutions 43 4.5.2 Management solutions 43 v 4.5.3 Technical solutions 44 4.5.4 Economic solutions 44 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 45 5.1 Discussion 45 5.2 Conclusion .46 REFERENCES 49 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: Map of Xuan Thuy National Park .22 Figure 4.2: The relationship between the ecological and environmental factors with the distribution of flora in Xuan Thuy National Park 38 Figure 4.3: Rate uniformity of ecological factors in the standard plots 39 Figure 4.4: The relationship between species appears in plots research .40 Figure 4.5: The relationship between the plants in plots research in Xuan Thuy NP 41 Figure 4.6: The relationship between the plots based research of species 41 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: The area of natural land areas in Xuan Thuy National Park 25 Table 4.2: Statistics of all soil type in Xuan Thuy National Park 26 Table 4.3: Area, population and population density of the buffer zone 29 Table 4.4: Statistics area of ecosystem types in Xuan Thuy National Park 32 Table 4.5: The number of plant species found in coastal mangrove areas 32 Giao Thuy District 32 Table4.6: Botanical ingredients are useful in Xuan Thuy National Park, 35 Nam Dinh Province .35 Table 4.7: The list of species appear in all standard plot research 35 in XuanThuy National Park 35 Table 4.8: A number of rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park 42 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations CBD Ha IUCN Meaning Convention Biological Diversity Hectare International Union For Conservation of Nature NH New Hampshire NP National Park 36 Fimbristylis dichotoma Sea grass divided No Yes No Yes No 37 Fimbristylis Sea grass fur ball No Yes No No No Blasphemy No No Yes No No lasiophylla 38 Fimbristylis polytrioides 39 Scripus aff Ngan grass No No No No Yes 40 Digitaria ciliaris Finger grass No No Yes No Yes 41 Digitaria setigera Foot silk grass No No Yes No No 42 Imperata cylindrica Thatched grass No Yes No No No 43 Phramites karka Reed Yes No No Yes No 44 Saccharum Reeds Yes No No No No spontaneum 45 Sporolobus virginicus Sporolobus virginicus No No No Yes No 46 Pandanus Pandanus No No No Yes No odoratissimus odoratissimus Lumnitzera littorea Red-flowered black No No Yes No No 47 mangrove 48 Caloglossa leprieurii Caloglossa leprieurii No No No No Yes 49 Ceratophyllum Seaweed Yes No No No No Gracilaria Yes No No No No demersum 50 Gracilaria verrucosa 37 4.4.1 The relationship between ecological and environmental factors in standard plot Figure 4.2: The relationship between the ecological and environmental factors with the distribution of flora in Xuan Thuy National Park Topography and general ecological conditions have been considered an important factor affecting the distribution of plant species on both regional scale and local The role of other factors also had great impact on the survival of plants, especially the ecological variables - environment The Figure 4.2 shows the flora in the study area had intercommunicating between some certain ecological factors such as: devastation had intercommunicating with soil depth, distance to village, the distance to the nearest trail, hydro-dimensional The habitat had intercommunicating with fresh vegetation cover This shows that, in the research area of mechanical factors have affected the plant is relatively large The balance of space environmental factors such as topography, soil properties, etc can also change the size, distribution of plant species 38 Figure 4.3: Rate uniformity of ecological factors in the standard plots ( From 82% to 94% similarity) Through research shows that the ratio congruence between the congruent ecological of environmental and ecosystems in the study area was relatively high from 82% -to 94% However, in the ecological environment and the flora there is a division into groups as follows: Group (plot and plot 5) at level similarity very high was 94% due to two locations close to each other and near edge river, so that land in here didn't have stone and grass cover is very low In proximity to the trail, little affected by the tidal regime of krill, not many in number but devastated by the loggers Group (Plot and Plot 4) at level similarity index was 86%, this group had a close relationship with soil type, distance to villages far up the lower level of devastation Group (Plot and Group 1) in Figure 4.3 shows the level of similarity in the research area was relatively high above 82% The factors in this group had a close relationship with the soil type, the devastation level and the distance to the nearest 39 trail Group plot standards of people affected was high because people just exploit krill ground and some species cling on trunk status logging for firewood was high 4.4.2 The relationship between the plants in plot research The relationship between the plants in plots research area shown in the following image: Figure 4.4: The relationship between species appears in plots research Through figure 4.4 shows the relationship between plant species found in 5plots research was very tight The species were almost similar characteristics and development in the same conditions Other species also have relationships with each other on demand factors similar ecological 40 Figure 4.5: The relationship between the plants in plots research in Xuan Thuy NP Note: The species has an intimate relationship The species were almost similar characteristics and development in the same conditions Figure 4.6: The relationship between the plots based research of species Chart 4.6 shows the relationship between 5-plots research also quite tight These plots also form study groups closely related in each group as group and group 4, group and group The reason for the intimate relationship among the plots was 41 due to the plants in plots of the group studied general ecological factors had general ecological factors such as soil type, tidal regime, devastation, the habitat 4.4.3 Resources endemic plants and rare trees The identification and assessment of species at risk of extinction in the study was very important to contribute to policy-oriented priorities for conservation The results of the research the flora of Xuan Thuy National Park, findings and statistical were some rare plant species as follows: Table 4.8: A number of rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park No Family Name Value Threat level Wood used in construction, Prohibit the burning of forests, burned belongings taken tannin Combretaceae Red-flowered black mangrove charcoal, green manure, flower bee keeping, making piles or Protective measures Level V encouraging the cultivation of this species on uncultivated land at tidal frame for climbing pepper Caloglossa Delesseriaceae leprieurii (Mont.) Delineation of these areas to protect intact Can be used axitkainic extraction, Level K a component of the drug Because the habitat is threatened J.Agardh helminths species in natural ecosystems and take into plant for further investigation status 42 4.5 Proposed solutions to conserve, maintain the flora of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 4.5.1 Policy solutions + Strengthen officers patrol and supervision to promptly detect and handle the exploited act, mangrove deforest and using the means of destruction to exploit seafood + Develop or groups of rare species and coordinate with the managerial officials of the national park promptly prevent actions unsustainable exploitation, illegal cutting down trees forest + Propagation and education to raise awareness and understanding of local communities in the buffer zone, in particular: _ Coordinate with the schools in the region to implement the program of environmental education for students _ National Park Management Board in collaboration with the commune culture and Broadcasting the buffer zone to perform propagation bulletins and community education protect natural resources and endangered plant species 4.5.2 Management solutions + Strengthening capacity for management officials and representatives of local community groups + Strengthening of international cooperation, scientific research applications, collaboration and financial support for the implementation of the basic program goals + Strengthening the management mechanisms of the state and the authorities, to promote the inspection and monitoring to detect, prevent and promptly handle violations of mangroves to raise awareness of the people, and called for, attracting 43 investment capital, funding protection legislation forest development, advocacy for people to understand the role of plants and develop mangrove ecosystems + There should be more research about the characteristics of growth and regeneration of mangrove species to build the best technical processes in the cultivation and development of mangrove species 4.5.3 Technical solutions + Planning specifically about activities aquaculture mounted with protecting mangrove and conservation of endangered plant species in the Xuan Thuy National Park + Development of shrimp farming to keep the mangrove ecosystem, maintain cover + Planting more forests and forest protection to ensure the biodiversity of plant species 4.5.4 Economic solutions + To reduce the pressure of local communities to the exploitation of natural resources in the core zone It should promote the construction of models of sustainable livelioods for people living in the buffer zone as: model beekeeping, mushroom cultivation, etc + Encourage people to join in the development of ecotourism services + Propaganda for people to understand the role of planted and develop mangrove 44 PART V: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion One of the aims of this thesis was to assess the status of biodiversity and to identify the environmental ecological factors affect the flora in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province especially the endangered plant species Botanical ingredients are relatively poor compared to the humid tropical forest on the hills, shown in the plant phylum The existence of mangrove communities in general and trees in particular aquatic plants depend on many ecological factors: sea water salinity, tidal amplitude, soil platform, vegetation cover… In addition, they are influenced by many factors such as natural conditions, socio-economic conditions These factors affect the growth and develop of plants, in the ecosystem of mangrove land follow two ways: positive and negative + Positive: Due to located close in Hong River, a river carries both a large amount of silt accretion for the study area a fertile ground, fertile Clay, sandy soil and loamy sands was full of trace elements within the limits beneficial for the development of flora and fauna in the region Sea salinity ranged from range 90/00 to 350/00, this range was favorable for the development of trees forest The estuaries area and the coast had water daily up and down of tide provide nutrients and moisture to the quagmire, very suitable for the growth of aquatic plants 45 Created four regions with different tidal regimes with large areas, each area was characterized by a number of different typical species here also is factor ecosystems help here upwards diversity + Negative: _When the salinity of the water and in the soil increases the survival rate of trees fell High salinity and low temperatures lead to poor plant growth _ When plants grow they not lose the habitat of many aquatic back, they grow and grow poorly and therefore diminish the biodiversity of the NP _The climate was hot and humid and often appeared storm and tropical depression that killed the vegetation or habitat loss crab plant _ People living in the area, they often indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources of National Park area to affect the number of species and habitats of plants They had no sense to protect plant species as well as environmental protection _These measures and policies have been put in place to resolve problem of biodiversity conservation for the species, but there are still many restrictions 5.2 Conclusion Xuan Thuy National Park was a large wetland area represents the coastal estuaries area of Hong River Delta with mangrove and intertidal system Xuan Thuy National Park had diversity of ecosystem types of the coastal wetland, estuarine, was the residence of many different groups of organisms Composition of species here was quite rich Xuan Thuy National Park had 182 species belonging to 137 Genus of 60 families of vascular plants Class dicotyledonous had highest species, genus and families, 123 species (accounting for 67.4% of total species) of 47 families Class 46 monocotyledonous though only 51 species (representing 28.3%), but it had families With tremendous practical value, 86 beneficial species accounted for approximately 47.3% total plant species in the region Statistics were two species of rare plants in the NP, they are Red-flowered black mangrove and Caloglossa leprieurii The degree of exploitation of natural resources in the research area were relatively high, the one hand due to customs and practices, on the other hand exploited and hunted wild animals for use as to materials for housing, food supply in place The correlation between environmental factors and forest vegetation in the research area is relatively markedly, they have closely relationship, mutual interaction If one species is hazardous would break both flora Hence, conservation and development of biodiversity in this region not only has scientific significance but also practical significance, contribute to promoting sustainable development strategy of biodiversity worldwide that we are members To perform well conservation mission, the solutions proposed synchronization system to suit local conditions and the integration with regional development strategies that promote effective synthesis Need to set out a number of measures and directions as follows: + Reviewing and adjust the planning and organizing the implementation of seriously and thoughtful + Dissemination and apply for awareness-raising activities for the community + Perfecting the institutional management and construction management mechanism to effect synchronization Raise the level the national park staff and responsibilities as well as examples of local leaders 47 + Area of research of the subject is limited, we recommend continuing to expand the area studied in other areas of the Xuan Thuy National Park to have an overall picture of the structure and fuller vegetation structure, ecological conditions and the status of the species in the area 48 REFERENCES Aksornkoae S (1993), Ecology and Management of Mangroves, IUCN Aronson, J., Shmida, A (1992) Plant species diversity along a Mediterranean desert gradient and its correlation with interannual rainfall fluctuations Journal of Arid Environments 23: 235-247 Ben F King and Edward C Dickinson, (1986) A field guide to the birds of South East Asia London Bertiller, M B., Elissalde, N.O., Rostagno, C.M., Defosse, G.E (1995) Environmental patterns and plant distribution along a precipitation gradient in western Patagonia Journal of Arid Environments 29: 85-97 Billings, W D (1952) The Environmental Compex in Relation to Plant Growth and Distribution Quarterly Review of Biology 27 (3): 251-265 BirdLife International Vietnam, (2008) Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam Cresvost Ch, Pestelot, A (1982) Catalogue des produits de I’Indo-china Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall Dini, J., Cown A & Goodman, P (1998) Proposed wetland classification system for South Africa South African National Wetland Inventory Haneji, C (2012) Compilation of data and information concerning XuanThuyNational Park from collected Scientific Papers Document of JICA NBDS Project Team IUCN (2012) Red list of Threatened plant.http://www.redlist.org Major, J (1951) A functional, factorial approach to plant ecology Ecology 32: 392-412 Parker, K C (1995) Effects of complex geomorphic history on soil and vegetation patterns on arid alluvial fans Journal of Arid Environments 30(1):19-39 49 Ramsar Convention on Wetland, (2006) Coastal wetlands management Wayne R., Simba Chan G., & Kreith, F (2002), Wetland Management Handbook for South East Asia (pp 1-10) New York: McGraw-Hill Trang T (2013) Website Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_X %C3%A2n_Th%E1%BB%A7y (accessed on 20/07/2015) UNEP (2009) Development Training Manual Vol.4 ISWM Plan UNEP DTIE International Environmental Technology Centre, CTI/1140/.UNEP, (2009) Integrated protect biodiversity Vol.4 ISWM Plan UNEP DTIE International Environmental Technology Centre, CTI/1140/JP 50 Appendix Survey table Tree forest have to be of extinct The vegetation, the ecological conditions in the plots research Date: April, 24/2015 The locatio7n of plot research: I Information about investigate ecological Number of plot Distance to the 90% nearest trail Coordinates of 10 Fresh plot 30% vegetation cover degrees Altitude 11 Litter cover 90% degrees Biotope 12 Shrub cover 10%-40% degrees Soil type 13 Grass cover 1%- 50% degrees Tidal regime 14 Creepers 20%-30% degrees Devastation medium Distance to village 1500m II The special attention trees (Tree forest have to be of extinct, rare plant species) Red-flowered black mangrove, Caloglossal eprieurii III Note 51 ... Diversity of populations 3.1.3.4 Determine the environmental and ecological factors affect the distribution of the flora in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province + Ecological factors: The vegetation,... NP 4.3 Assessment of the status of biodiversity in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 4.3.1 Diversity ecosystems of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province Xuan Thuy National Park has... study The ecological and environmental factors affect the flora forest in Xuan Thuy National Park NP, Nam Dinh Province 3.12 Location and Time of the research Location: Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam