English grammar

ENGLISH TENSES 1/ Present continuous: * Form: S + be + V-ing * Use: - Nói một sự việc đang xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói. Eg: Don't go out. It is raining . - Nói ai đang ở giữa quá trình làm một việc gì nhng không nhất thiết phải đang làm ngay lúc nói. Eg: I'm reading an interesting story book. - Nói lên sự thay đổi của những tình huống ở hiện tại. Eg: The population of the world is rising quickly. - Dùng với trạng từ always để nói một sự việc xảy ra quá thờng xuyên, thờng xuyên hơn ngời nói nghĩ là hợp lý. You are always losing things. Can't you be more careful? - Nói về sự sắp xếp cho tơng lai ( những sự việc ta sẽ làm trong tơng lai nhng tại thời điểm nói thì đã quyết định và đã sắp xếp làm) They are getting married at the end of this year. Chú ý: Thì này dùng cho những tình huống tạm thời, do vậy thờng có các trạng từ thời gian sau đi kèm: Now, at the moment, at present/ for the time being, tonight, today, this week, this month - Một số động từ không dùng ở các thì tiếp diễn: want, need, belong, suppose, consist, contain, know, like, mean, realise, remember, prefer, mind, depend, hate, seem, believe, think( = believe), have (means "possess" ) 2/ Simple present: * Form: S + V ( s, es) * Use: - Nói lên sở thích yêu ghét, nhu cầu tình cảm của con ngời ở hiện tại. I like classical music. -Nói lên những thói quen trong sinh hoạt hàng ngày, những sự việc lặp đi lặp lại từ xa đến nay. My mother usually stays up late and gets up early. - Nói lên khả năng, năng lực của ai đó ở hiện tại. He speaks English fluently. - Nói lên quy luật tất yếu của tự nhiên, những sự việc có tính chân lí. The earth goes round the sun. - Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại. If you work hard, you will pass the exam. - Dùng trong mệnh đề chứa liên từ thời gian ( when/ by the time, as soon as, until/till, after, before, while ) trong câu nói về tơng lai. When I get home, I will phone you. - Nói về những chơng trình thể thao, phim ảnh hoặc đôi khi là những kế hoạch cá nhân sẽ đợc thực hiên trong tơng lai nhng đã đợc sắp theo thời khoá biểu. The train to Ha Noi leaves Thai Nguyen station at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning. Chú ý: Thì này dùng cho những tình huống bền vững. 3/ Simple past: *Form: S + V-ed/ Irregular verbs Regular verbs: V-ed -Những động từ tận cùng bằng e chỉ thêm "d" Live -> lived -Những động từ tận cùng bằng y,trớc y là một phụ âm thì ta đổi y thành i rồi thêm "ed": study -> studied -Những động từ tận cùng bằng y,trớc y là một nguyên âm thì ta không đổi y , mà chỉ thêm "ed": play -> played - Nhngc động từ đơn âm tiết tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm, ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm " ed": stopped * Use: - Nói một hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn tất trong quá khứ, kết quả không còn lu đến hiện tại. In my childhood, I lived in a small village. - Nói một chuôĩ những hành động diễn ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ. This morning, I got up at 5 o'clock. I did morning exercise for 15 minutes. I cleaned my teeth and washed my face. I had breakfast and then went to school. - Nói lên những sự kiện mang tính lịch sử. President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence at Badinh Square on Sep 2 nd 1945. - Nói một hành động xen giữa một hành động khác trong quá khứ. They were playing football when it rained. Chú ý: Nó thờng có các trạng từ thời gian đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ đi kèm: yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last time . 4/ Past continuous: * Form: S+ was/ were + V-ing. * Use: - Nói một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm tạm thời trong quá khứ. We were sleeping at 12 o'clock last night. - Nói hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ. I was reading a book while he was listening to the radio. - Kết hợp với thì QKĐ nói một hành động đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác xen vào. We were watching TV when the light went out. 5/ Present perfect: * Form: S + have/ has + Past Participle. * Use: - Nói một hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn tất trong quá khứ nhng không đề cập dến thời gian cụ thể. I have done my home work. I have seen that film. - Nói một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ, liên tục kéo dài đến hiện tại, vừa mới hoàn tất hoặc vẫn còn tiếp diễn ( cách dùng này thờng dùng cho những động từ không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn) I have been a teacher for 10 years. This car has belonged to my family for 5 years. - Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại. If you havent eaten anything, I will cook something for you. If it has stopped raining, we will go out for a walk. - Dùng trong mệnh đề chứa liên từ thời gian ( When/ by the time, after, till/ until/ as soon as) trong câu nói về tơng lai khi nhấn mạnh một hành động hoàn tất trớc khi một hành động khác xảy ra. When I have taken the exam, I will go on holiday. You wont have any more cakes until you have eaten your cooked rice. + Chú ý: -Thờng có các trạng từ: recently/ lately, so far/ up to now hay today, this week, this month khi những khoảng thời gian này cha kết thúc. - Có các trạng từ: never, just, already, yet, ever đi kèm. - Thờng dùng sau các thành ngữ : This is the first/ second/ third time . This is the first/ second. Third. Time I have travelled by plane. Chú ý: I havent seen him for 5 years. It is 5 years since I (last) saw him The last time I saw him was 5 years ago I last saw him 5 years ago. So sánh BEEN TO & GONE TO BEEN TO diễn đạt ý ai đó đã đi đến một nơi nào đó và đã trở về: My father has been to many countries in the world. I have never been to England. GONE TO diễn đạt ý ai đó đã điđến một nơi nào đó nhng cha trở về: He isnt here. He has gone to the bank. Lan has gone to HoChi Minh city and wont come back till next month. 6/ Present perfect continuous: * Form: S + have/ has + been + Ving. * Use: - Nói một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra từ trong quá khứ, liên tục kéo dài đến hiện tại và vẫn còn tiếp diễn đến tơng lai. It is raining. It has been raining since I got up. - Nói một hành động vừa mới kết thúc ở hiện tại ( ngời nói thờng có dấu hiệu để khẳng định điều mình nói). Her eyes are red. She has been crying. - Nói một thói quen, một hành động lặp đi lặp lại suốt một khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ đến hiện tại. He has been playing the piano since she was five. 7/Past perfect : * Form: S + had + Past participle. * Use: -Nói một hành động hoàn tất trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ. When I arrived at the station, the train had left for five minutes. When he returned from the Front, the girl in his neighbourhood had got married. I didnt know who he was because I hadnt met him before. That was the most interesting film I had ever seen. 8/ Past perfect continuous: * Form: S + had been + V-ing * Use: - Nói một hành động xảy ra trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ, liên tục kéo dài đến hành động đó và vẫn còn tiếp diễn . When I got up it was raining. It had been raining for a few hours. They had been playing football for 20 minutes when it rained. - Nói một hành động vừa mới kết thúc trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ ( ngời nói thờng có dấu hiệu để khẳng định điều mình nói). Her eyes were red. She had been crying. When I got up, the sun was shining but the ground was wet. It had been raining. - Nói một thói quen, một hành động lặp đi lặp lại suốt một khoảng thời gian nhng kết thúc trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ. My father retired last year. He had been working as a driver for 25 years. Chú ý: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn chính là quá khứ tơng đơng của thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. 9/ Near Future: Form: S + be going to + V *Use: - Nói lên một kế hoạch của ai đó trong tơng lai.( Tại thời điểm nói, ngời nói đã quyết định làm) We are going to leave for Ho Chi Minh city in a few days. Where are you going to spend your hoplidays this summer? - Dự đoán một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai thông qua những tình huống ở hiện tại. Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. I feel dizzy. I am going to be ill. Chú ý: Thì này thờng có các trạng từ thời gian trong tơng lai đi kèm: Tomorrow, next week, next year, in 5 months 10/ Simple future: Form: S + will + V *Use: - Nói một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai, nhng ngời nói quyết định làm ngay tại thời điểm nói, cha có dự định trớc. Oh, I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it. - Nói một hành động tất yếu sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai. Autumn will come soon. -Nói một thói quen sắp đợc làm trong tơng lai. He will leave for work in five minutes. ( he often goes to work at 7 and now it is 6.55) - Dùng trong mệnh đề chính của câu ĐK có thật ở hiện tại. What will happen if gravity is zero? - Dùng trong một số tình huống nh khi ta đồng ý, từ chối, hứa hoặc đề nghị đợc giúp đỡ ai làm gì. This exercise is difficult. I'll help you with it. Thì tơng lai đơn thờng dùng sau các thành ngữ: I think/ I don t think/ Im sure/ I expect/ I wonder/ probably - Dùng Shall we + Verb? để gợi ý ai đó cùng làm gì với mình. Shall we go to the concert tonight? - Dùng Shall I + Verb? đ ể hỏi ý kiến ngời khác cho phép mình làm một việc gì. Shall I turn down the radio? - Dùng Will you + Verb? Để đề nghị ngời đối diện làm một viêc gì. Will you keep silent for a while? Will you stop talking? 11/ Future continuous: Form: S + will be + V- ing *Use: - Nói một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tơng lai. This time next year, I will be studying at a university in Ha Noi. We wont be studying English this time tomorrow. What will you be doing at 8 oclock tonight? - ở thể nghi vấn nó có thể đợc dùng để hỏi về kế hoạch của ai đó trong tơng lai. Will you be passing the post office on your way home ? Will you be using your car tonight? No, you can have it. 12/ Future perfect: Form: S + will have + Past Participle. *Use: - Nói một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trớc một thời điểm trong tơng lai. Thời điểm này có thể quy định băng một mốc thời gian cụ thể hoặc bằng một hành động khác. By the time we meet again in 10 years' time, I'm sure you will have changed a lot. Dont phone me at 4 am tomorrow. I wont have got up by then. How much money will you have saved by the end of this year. 13/ Future perfect continuous: Form: S + will have been + V- ing *Use: - Nói một hành động sẽ xảy ra trớc một hành động khác trong tơng lai, liên tục kéo dài đến hành động đó và vẫn còn tiếp diễn. By the end of this year, I will have been living in this city for 10 years. When the clock strikes at 9 oclock, we will have been studying English for two hours. How long will you have been teaching by the end of this year? / Use the correct tense and form of the verbs in brackets. 1/ Now I remember your (ask) me to bring sandwiches to the picnic. Your complaints about my (forget) things seem justified. I'm sorry. Asking - forgetting 2/ (Attend) the dance proved to be an (embarrass) experience for me, especially since I don't know how to dance. I felt like a fish out of water. I wanted (hide) some place or (get) out of there, but my friend wouldn't let me (leave). Attending – embarrassing- to hide- to get - leave 3/ After I decided (have) a garage (build) next to the house, I hired a carpenter (do) the work. to have - built 4/ A: Alex, you (know) where Ms Rodriguez is? I (look) for her for the past hours. Do you know I have been looking B: She (see) Mr Frost at the moment about the shipment of parts which we (receive) earlier today. Some of the parts are missing. i have just seen – will receive A: Oh, oh. That (sound) like trouble. Please tell Ms Rodriguez to phone me when she (have) some free time. I (work) in my office all afternoon. Sounds – has- will be working 5/ Ali and Mustafa (complain) to the landlord many times since they (move) into their present apartment, but to date nothing (do) about the leak in the roof and the broken window in the bedroom. Have complaint – moved- doing - 6/ Peter: You (telephone) for ages. You nearly (not finish). Have telephoned – have not nearly finished Jack: I (not get through) yet. I (try) to get to our Paris office but the line (be) engaged all morning. I have not been got through – have been trying – has been 7/ When I (buy) my new house, I (ask) for a telephone. The post office (tell) me to wait, but I (wait) for a year now and my phone still (not come). 8/ He told me (try) (come) early. 9/ Before he let us (go), he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 10/ I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 11/ If you put your money into that business, you risk (lose) every penny. 12/ I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble). 13/ It's time we (do) something to stop road accident. 14/ We must take an umbrella. It (rain). 15/ Where do you think Tuan is today!- I have no idea, he (sleep) late. 16/ He suggested that a petition (be) drawn up. 17/ Fred was pleased (admit) to the college. 18/ Mr Smith never (walk) up in time in the morning and always (get) into trouble for being late, so one day he (go) to town and (buy) and alarm clock. 19/ I'd rather you (pay) me cash weekly. 20/ It's almost impossible to prevent boys (play) soldier. 21/ Come in now! I'm sorry to keep you (wait). 22/ (turn) round several times, I never (see) anybody. 23/ I think that people (become) tired of the poor quality of television.Programmes,though they (improve)lately 24/ I (consider) buying a house but I now (change) my mind. 25/ They admitted to (be) members of the gang . 26/ We regret (inform) you that your application (turn) down. 27/ It is essential that he (arrive) before six. 28/ I'd rather (live) in Ancient Greece than Ancient Rome. 29/ It's bound ( rain) tomorrow. => to rain II/ Choose the word or phrase (A,B,C or D) which best completes each sentence 1/ Her parents were very because she was out so late that night. A responsible B sorry C worried D overcome 2/ After alot of difficulty, he to open the door. A managed B succeeded C obtained D realised 3/ I have been looking for this book for months, and . I have found it. A at last B in time C at the end D at present 4/ My employer's . of my work does not matter to me at all. A meaning B belief C opinion D expression 5/ The purpose of the examination was to the student's knowledge of the subject. A try B inspect C prove D test 6/ I'll have to . to you, otherwise he will hear. A shout B say C whistle D whisper 7/ As soon as the firebell rang everyone walked quickly downstairs and out of the building, gathered in the car park. A while B then C before D to 8/ There's . to be frightened of the dog; he's quite harmless. A a fear B no fear C no need D any reason 9/After closing the envelope, the secretary the stamps on firmly . A licked B sucked C stuck D stuck 10/ The teacher . them the answer to the question. A explained B told C said D discussed 11/ The station clock is not as . as it should be; it is usually between one and two minutes fast. A strict B certain C true D accurate 12/ We flew to the island, than a car for three days and visited most places of interest. A lent B bought C hired D charged 13/ One . of their new house is that it has no garden. A pity B dislike C complaint D disadvantage 14/ When he spoke over the telephone, his voice was so . that I could hardly hear him. A faint B dim C dull D unnoticeable 15/ They tell me he is a lot of money in his new job. A having B earning C gaining D profiting 16/ She heated the chocolate until it ., then poured it over the cake. A formed B melt C changed D flooded 17/ He drives so quickly that I am afraid that one day he will . someone crossing the street. A crash down B knock down C turn over D run across 18/ Hello. Is that 820489 ? Please put me to the manager. A across B up C over D through 19/ Although he was completely . as a furniture-maker, he produced the most beautiful chairs. A untrained B unable C incapable D uneducated 20/ I have never .any experience of living in the country . A had B wished C done D made 21/ Because it rained very heavily all day they had to the garden party until the following Saturday. A pre-arrange B postpone C re-arrange D preserve 22/ The child was told to for being rude to his uncle. A excuse B apologise C forgive D confess 23/ She walked to the of the swimming pool and jumped in . A start B size C extent D border 24/ When we visited the zoo on Sunday afternoon it was very crowded but on a weekday it's practically. A full B clear C empty D uncrowded 25/ You may not have to stay the night but take a toothbrush just in A case B time C order D preparation III/ 1/ The translation and interpretation of works and speechs from one language to (1) takes great skill. It (2) takes great dedication and many years of (3) for a person to be comfortable with translating and interpreting. Knowing two languages to perfection (4) important. I plan to attend a special school records last week, but through special permission. I received an extension (7) five days. The first course I (8) to take is a brief introduction to the art of translation. The teacher will give us a clear explaination of (9) translation and interpretation are. Their definitions are basically the same except that interpretation is (10) while translation is written. At the end of the year, we will receive an invitation to the United Nations. It will be most intersting to watch the interpreter's participation in this session. 2/ Two days ago I took my final exam, and (1 it ) was pretty difficult. The (2paper) are being marked now. My teacher (3 told ) me that I would probably (4 pass ) I hope so. If I (5 pass). I'll get a certificate (6 it ) will be very useful. I (7 will) be able to get (8) job. 3/ Everyday thousands of people jog why has jogging- running slowly for long distances- become popular? Donald Robbins, who is forty-two years old (1 and ) works in an office, began jogging (2 a ) few years ago because he felt (3 he ) was too fast. At first he (4 could ) only run about 100 yards, and (5 it ) took him almost three months to (6 be ) able to run a full mile (7but ) two years later, he ran in (8 a ) Eastern marathon race-over twenty-six miles (9should ) you jog, too? If you decide (10) be sure to ask your doctor (11 for ) advice. Does jogging cost much? No, (12 it ) costs almost nothing. But most agree (13 that ) good running shoes are very important. (14 they ) protect your feet and legs from (15 the ) shock of running on halhard surfaces (16 if ) you start jogging it could make your heart (17 stronger) and also help you to feel better about yourself. 4/ Man probably could not live without the help of animals. The (1 role ) of animals in the balance of nature ranks as their most important service to (2 man ). Animals also serve man by (3 supplying ) him with many foods and other useful products. Without animals, man (4would ) have no meat, milk, eggs, or honey; or wool, fur, or silk. For thousands of years, man has caused changes in the (5 animal ) kingdom. He has tamed many kinds of animals and used (6 them ) for food and clothing. He has killed or driven away animals once attacked him or interfered with his use of land. Today, he tries to (8 protect ) many kinds of animals that are in danger of dying. Like man, most plants depend (10 on ) animals for many of their basic needs. Without animals , many (11 plant) could not easily reproduce. For example, many plants with flowers depend on bees and (12 other ) insects to carry their pollen from plant to plant. Many oak trees gorw from acorns that the squirrels bury and then forget, or (13 from ) acorns that deer step on and push deep into the soil. Birds often fly from one place to another with seeds slinging to (14 their ) feet. The (15 seeds ) may sprout a great distance from the parents plants. 5/ Our demand for water is constantly increasing. Every (1year) there are more and more people in the world. Factories turn out more and more (2 people) and need more and more water. We live in a world af water. But (3 almost) all of it about 97 percent-is in the oceans. This water is too (4 salty) to be used for drinking, farming, and manufacturing. Only about 3 percent of the world's (5 water) is fresh. Most of this water is not easily (6 availble ) to man because it is locked in glaciers and iceaps. There is as much water on earth today (7 as) there ever was or will ever be. Most of the water we (8use ) finds its way to the ocean. There, it is (9 evaporated ) by the sun. It then falls back to the earth (10 as ) rain. Water is used and (11 reused ) over and over again. It is never used up. (12although ) the world as a hold has plenty of fresh water, some regions have a water shortage. Rain does not fall (13 evenly ) over the earth. Some regions are always too dry, and (14 others) too wet. A region that usually gets enough rain may suddenly have a serious dry spell and (15 another ) region may be flooded with too much rain. 6/ A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his (1 dream ) he was walking in (2 the ) forest when two men ran out (3 and ) tried to throw him (4 to ) the ground. He ran off as fast as he (5 could ) but they followed. He reached a place (6 where) he saw two separate roads in front (7 of ) him, one to the right and one to the left (8 which ) road ought he to take? He heard (9 of ) two men behind him, getting nearer, and (10 at ) the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go the right. 7/ Strange minds The mind of man is clever and wonderful, but it is not properly understood. Sometimes the mind can do surprising things. One strange (1 mind ) was that of Edgar Cayce, who was the son (2 of ) a farmer in Kentucky, and knew (3 little) or nothing about science or medical matters. When he was young, he (4 was ) ill and lay in bed unconscious. Doctor, of (5 course ) did their best for him and tried to (6 make ) him better, but he remained unconscious for a long time. Then he suddenly (7 got ) to speak clearly. He described the cause of his (8 illness) and explained all the things that must have been done to make him better.He knew the name of all the medicines he must take. Everyone was surprised, of course. How did a farmer's son know all this? 8/ In addition to reducing pollution, public transport (1 saves ) valuable city space. Buses and trains carry more people in each (2 vehicle ) and, if they operate on their own rights of way, they can safely run (3 at ) much higher speeds. In other (4 words ) , they not only take (5 less ) space but also occupy it for a (6 shorter ) time. Public transport also plays an important role in (7 urban ) areas of the Third World. In many cities in Asia and Africa, buses make 50 to 80 percent (8 of ) all motorised trips. Buses are sometimes hopelessly overcrowded. It is not uncommon to see several riders clinging the outside. Yet most Third World cities have (9 lower ) public transport use per person than (10 that ) in Western Europe. 9/ My home is in the air. I do an enormous amount of travelling. It is a fast life and (1full ) of work, but I like it and that is the only way (2 for )me.Everything is tiring-music,travelling-but what can I do?I am not (3 taken) to complaining.It is hard to imagine now(4 that ) I will ever very long in one place.My home town is on the Caspian Sea.There is sea, wind, sun and (5much ) many tourists and hotels. I have my own flat with four or five rooms, but I am seldom there.It I am there for a day or two.I prefer to (6 stay) with my mother or grandmother. They live in a small house, (7 but) it is very comfortable and my mother cooks for me. I like good simple food. I have no wife, no brothers or sister and my father (8 died) when I was seven. He was an engineer and I don't (9 remember ) him very well. He like music very much and wanted me to (10 become ) a musician. 10/ Books are witten to provide knowledge and good books enrich the mind. By putting (1 ourself) under the influence of superior mind, we (2) of superior mind, we (2 improve ) our metal powers. Through good (3 books ) we learn that people are everywhere the (4 same ), in all ages, and in all (5 country ) .This knowlegde improves our love (6 to ) others and helps us to live in peace with them. We also (7 recognize) that the world was made not only for man (8 alone ) but for every creature that can feel hunger and thirst, warmth and cold. Though may be possible for us to travel (9 around ) the world and see the things that happened in the past. But good books (10 alow ) us to see not only into the most remost regions of the world today, but also into thr world in which our ancestors lived. [...]... gravitation Mr John teaches us English B Câu bị động: Là câu có chủ ngữ là ngời hay vật chịu tác động của hành động Câu chủ động đợc dùng khi ta không biết rõ chủ thể của hành động hoặc có biết nhng ngời nói muốn nhấn mạnh tới đối tợng hơn tới chủ thể của hành động This house was bought by my grandfather 20 years ago The theory of gravitation was invented by Newton We are taught English by Mr John Quy tắc... He is preparing everything for the presidential election => everything is being prepared for the presidential election by him 2.Is she translating an article from English into Vietnamese? => an article is being translated form English into vietnamese 3.The Prime Minister isn't making a speech at the moment => a speech isnt beign made by the prime minister at the moment 4 They are doing... motorbike by his parents (2) He let her cheat him => He let himself be cheated by her 1 The robber made everybody lie on the floor => 2 Don't worry! Our teacher will help us study English grammar => 3 Don't let others see you => 4 They made us stay indoors while they were testing the new weapon.=> 5 He let me use his car for a week =>... 3 shirts a day=> 3 shirts can be sewed by her a day 5 He couldn't find his key=> his key could not been gound by him 6 Did Mr John use to teach you English? => did you use to be taught English by mr John 7.My classmates used to call me John=> I used to be called Jone by my classmates 8.Mr Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow=> Tom will...SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURES WHICH MUST BE LEARNT BY HEART BY ENGLISH LEARNERS FORCUS ON I THE FIRST AND THE LAST 1/ I +haven't done sth +before = Have never done sth +before = This/it is the first time +S +have done sth = Never have S done sth before = S is/are/am... advisable S + advise ( obj) recommend request demand command decide + that + S + ( should) + V ( inf) insist stipulate decree suggest prefer propose arrange agree order STRESS A Vowel length Rule 1: In every English word with more than one syllable, one syllable is stressed the most Examples: pizza comedy Lemon committee Rented Rule 2: Stress vowels are extra long Rule 3: Most unstressed vowels are reduced . ENGLISH TENSES 1/ Present continuous: * Form: S + be + V-ing * Use: - Nói một. gets up early. - Nói lên khả năng, năng lực của ai đó ở hiện tại. He speaks English fluently. - Nói lên quy luật tất yếu của tự nhiên, những sự việc có