English Grammar in use

Direct speech Indirect speech The present simple The presentcontinous The present perfect The past simple The past continueous The past perfect... The present perfect continousThe past

Trơng t.h.c.s tiên kiên english grammar

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Design by: trieu thi kim thong

TENSE IN ENGLISH 1.The Present simple.

Dien ta su viec say ra o hien tai, mot hanh dong quen thuoc, mot su that hien nhien Eg: I’m a student

I go to school everyday

The sun rises in the east

A To be:

Affimative sentense: S + IS / AM / ARE + N

Eg: I’m a student

She is a teacher

They are workers

He is an engineer

Negative sentense: S + IS / AM / ARE + NOT + N

Eg: I’m not a student

She isn’t a teacher

They aren’t workers

He isn’t an engineer

Interrogative sentense ARE /IS + S + N ?

Answer: Yes, S + is/are

No, S + is / are not

Eg: Are you a teacher ?

Yes, I am/ No, I am not

B Ordinary Verb.

Affimative sentense: S + V ( s,es ) + O

Eg: I play football

He goes to school

Negative sentense: S +DON’T/ DOESN’T + V + O

Eg; I don’t like fish

She doesn’t like meat

Interrogative sentense: DO / DOES + S + V +O ?

Anwers : Yes, S + do/ does

No, S +don’t / doesn’t

Note:

Với tất cả các động từ thờng khi sử dụng ở ngôi thứ ba số ít ta phải chia động từ bằng cách thêm “ S , hoặc ES ” với qui luật sau:

- Thông thờng ta cộng “ S ” vào sau động từ thờng play, read, look, listen,ờng play, read, look, listen,…………

- Động từ thờng tận cùng bằng: o, sh, ch ta cộng thêm “ ES’’

Ví dụ: go, watch, …

Ví dụ: go, watch, …

Direct and indirect speech.

I.Reported statement.

Từ câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta phải biến đổi thì của động từ.

Direct speech Indirect speech

The present simple

The presentcontinous

The present perfect

The past simple The past continueous The past perfect

The present perfect continous

The past simple

The past perfect

Future

Will

Can

The past perfect continous The past perfect

No change Condition Would Could

Note some adverbs:

This That

These Those

Next Following

Today That day

Tomorrow Nextday

This week That week

Yesterday Theday before

Last month The month before

The day before yesterday Twoday before

Eg: * He said that “ I go to Ha noi ” Lan said

Lan said that She went to Ha noi

* “ I’m twenty years old ” She said

She said that she was 20 years old

*.“ I wrote a letter last night ” Hoa said

Hoa said that she had written a letter last night

II Reported question

- Với những câu hỏi không có từ để hỏi:

( Will, Do, Did, Have, Can, Is, Are, Was, Were, ( Will, Do, Did, Have, Can, Is, Are, Was, Were, ………… ) )

Ta sử dụng If khi chuyển sang câu nói gián tiếp.

Eg: Do you live here ? -> He asked me if I live here

Are you a student ? -> He asked me if I was a student

“Will you go to Ha noi”? -> He asked me if I would go to HN

“Did you do your home work last night”? -> He asked me if I had done my homework

- Với những câu hỏi đặc biệt nh:

(What , Where, When, How, What time,Which, Why,(What , Where, When, How, What time,Which, Why,……… ) )

Từ sẽ đợc lặp lại trong câu gián tiếp.

Eg: “ Where do you live ”? - > He asked me where I lived

“ What is your name”? - > He asked me what my name was

“Where is the park”? Lan asked -> Lan asked me where the park was

III Command, Reguest, Advise in Indirect speech.

Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, lời khuyên khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta giữ nguyên động

từ ở dạng nguyên thể có “To”

Eg; “ Sit down please !” He said -> He told me to sitdown

“ Can you open the door for me ”? Anna said

-> Anna asked me to open the door for her

S +

told

Some body + to + Verd

not to + Verd

advised Eg; “ Don’t cry ” -> He told me not to cry

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The passive voice:

 Cau chu dong la cau chu ngu thuc hien hanh dong

 Cau bi dong la cau ma chu ngu chiu tac dong cua hanh dong

Active: I wrote a letter

Passive: A letter was written by me

NOTE:

- Tan ngu trong cau chu dong tro thanh chu ngu trong cau bi dong

- Dong tu duoc thay doi theo hinh thuc bi dong tuong ung ( dong tu trong cau bi dong phai cung thi voi dong tu trong cau chu dong )

- Chu ngu trong cau chu dong duoc bo di neu khong ro hoac duoc hieu ngam, hoac khong quan trong Truong hop duoc giu lai no dung sau gioi tu by trong cau bi dong

Eg; Tom threw a ball -> A ball was thrown by Tom

Some one killed the cat yesterday -> The cat was killed yesterday.( not by some one ) People speak English in Brazil -> English was spoken in Brazin

Cac thi o the bi dong:

The Present:

S + is / are / am + P2

I drink a lot of water everyday

-> Water is drank a lot of everyday

Past simple

S + was / were + P2

I watched this film last night

-> This film was watched last night ( by me )

Future

They will build a new school next year

-> A new school will be built next year.

I will do this exercise

-> This exercice will be done by me

Future with: BE GOING TO:

Fares are going to be reduced: gia se duoc giam bot

Present continuous:

The letter are being writtenby my secrectary

Past continuous :

The letter was being written when I came

Present Perfect:

I have lost my key for two hours

My key has been lost for two hours

Past perfect:

The house had been built by the end of last year

Future Perfect:

By the time of next year I will have been finished the course

The Present simple

The Present continuos

The past simple

The past continuos

The present perfect

The past perfect

The future

To infinitive

Write(s)

is writing wrote was writing have / has written had written

will write

to write

is written

is being written was written was being written has been written had been written will be written

to be writen

NOTE:

NÕu trong c©u cã chøa 2 tóc từ: ( Một trực tiếp một gi¸n tiếp ) Theo lý thuyết ta

cã hai c¸ch chuyển:

Going to + be + P2

Am/Is/Are +be + P2

Was / Were + being + P2

Have / has been + P2

Had been + P2

Will have been + P2

Must – Must be

Can – Can be

Could – Could be

May – May be

Exercise: Turn these sentenses into passive voice

1 Some body is cleaning the room at the moment

……… 2.All the players have played a good match

………

3 They are building a ring road round the city

………

4 Son has doing his home work when we arrived

……… 5.They saw this boy go out

………

6 How long have you been helping your parents?

……… 7.Her mother punished her for not doing the exercises

………

8.They will do all exercises

………

Keys for the test :

1.The room is being cleaned at the moment.

2 A good match has been played by all the players.

3 A new ring road round the city is being built

4 Son s homework were being done by him when we arrived’

4 Son s homework were being done by him when we arrived’

5 This boy was seen to go out.

6 How long have your parents been being helped by you?

7 She were punished by her mother for not doing the exercises.

8 All exercises will be done by them.

Conditional.

I UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENSE.

1 Unreal Conditional sentense in present.

A With TO BE With TO BE ““ ””

IF S + WERE, S + WOULD + VERB

Eg If I were rich, I would buy a car

If I were you, I would buy that house

B. With Ordinary verb

If S + PAST TENSE, S WOULD + VERB

If I didn’t fail the exam, I would go on college

If you didn’t get up late, you would go to school on time

C. With Model Verbs

IF S + COULD + VERB, S WOULD + VERB

Eg: If I could speak English well, I would pass the English exam

2 Unreal Conditional sentense in past.

IF S + HAD + P2, S + WOULD HAVE + P2

Eg: If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exam

If I hadn’t been lary, I would have passed the exam

NOTE: ( NÕu muèn nãi nhÊn m¹nh ta dïng )

IF I HAD KNOWN THAT ………… I WOULD NEVER HAVE + P2

IF I HAD KNOWN THAT ………… I WOULD NEVER HAVE + P2

( Neu t«i biÕt thÕ th× ( Neu t«i biÕt thÕ th× ……… T«i kh«ng bao giê T«i kh«ng bao giê ………….).)

Eg: If I had klnown that you didn’t love me, I would never have loved you

If I had klnown that I was going to fail the exam I would never have been lazy

II REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENSE.

1 Real conditional sentense in the present.

IF I + PRESENT TENSE , S WILL + VERB

Eg:+ If I have got enought money, I will buy a new car

+ If I don’t get up late, I will go to school on time

( If not = unless: Tru khi & If not = or: Hay la)

+ Unless I get up late , I will go to school on time

+ If I’m not out , I will meet her = I will meet her unless I’m out

+ If you don’t work hard , you will fail the exam

= You work hard or you will fail the exam.

III RESULT & CAUSE CONDITIONAL SENTENSE:

( WITH: UNTIL – WHEN – AFTER )

WHEN S + PRESENT TENSE, S WILL + VERB

Eg: When It’s rain, I will put a raincoat

After she come, I will tell her

I wait for you until you come

IV.CACH NOI PHONG DOAN:

1 Mẫu câu dự đoán điều chăc chắn sẩy ra trong quá khứ

Chắc hẳn đã

S + MUST HAVE + P2

Chắc chắn đã

I’M SURE + S + PAST TENSE

Eg: She must have tired = I’m sure she was tired

2.Mau cau du doan dieu chua chac say ra trong qua khu

Co the

S + MIGHT HAVE + P2

Co le PROBABLY + S + PAST TENSE

Eg: + He might have been ill = Probably He was ill

+ He might gone to HN = Probably He went to HN

V.MAU CAU KET HOP:

IF S + HAD + P2, S + MIGHT + HAVE + P2

Eg: + If I had lost my key, I might have found it

( Nếu tôi đánh mất chìa khóa chắn hẳn tôi đã phải tìm nó)

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Các đại từ quan hệ luôn đứng sau danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho nó.

1.Which: Dung de thay the cho danh tu chi vat trong cau lien ket.

Eg: +This is a book , I read it yesterday

-> This is a book which I read yesterday

2 Where:Dung thay the cho danh tu chi noi chon:

Eg: +That is the house, I was born there

-> That is the house where I was born there

3 Who: Dung thay the cho danh tu chi nguoi.

Eg: + The teacher is standing at the door teach me English

- > The teacher who standing at the door teach me English

+ The girl is wearing the red hat is my siser.

- > The girl who is wearing the red hat is my siser

4 Whom: Dung khi who doi sang tan ngu.

Eg: +This man we talked to him yesterday

-> This man whom we talked yesterday

5 Whose: Dung de chi quyen so huu.

Eg: +This is Hoa her shirt is blue

-> This is Hoa whose shirt is blue

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the comparision of adjective

(CONSISTOF 3 KINDS)

1 The equaly of comparision

S + BE + AS + ADJ + S

Example: She is as beautiful as me This class is as large as that

2.The more comparion of adjective.

A.With long adjective

S + BE + MORE + LONG ADJ + S

Example:This house is more beautiful than that house

My father is more intelligen than my mother

This T shirt is more expensive than that

B.With short adjective

S + BE + ADJ + ER + THAN + S

Example: She is taller than her sister Today is hotter than yesterday

33 The most comparion of adjactive The most comparion of adjactive

A with long adjective

S + BE + THE MOST + ADJ + STH

Example:she is the most beau tiful than her sister

This boy is ther most intelligen in my school.

B With short adjective

S + BE + THE + ADJ + STH

Example: I’m the tallest student in my school

My mother is the fattest in my family

Tall Taller The tallest Short Adj

Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful Long Adj Expensive More expensive The most expensive Long Adj Comfortable More comfortable The most comfortable Long Adj Inteligent More intelligen The mort inteligen Long Adj Happy More happy/ happier The most happy/ the happiest Long Adj

Note: With adjective has one syllabus anding with consonal and before it is o.u.e.a.i

we add one more consonal when in comparion (example.Big bigger biggest hot -hotter – hottest )

Some adjectivesconsist of two kind: example : happy _happier – happiest / more happy – the most happiest )

- some especial change : bad - worse - the worse

- good - better - the best

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