Là mệnh đề quan trọng cho ý nghĩa của câu, nó có chức năng phân biệt danh từ đi trớc với các danh từ khác đồng loại.Chúng ta không thể lợc bỏ loại mệnh đề này.
Các đại từ, tính từ quan hệ dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn:
Subject Object Possessive
For persons Who/that Whom/who/that whose
For things Which/that Which/that Whose/of which
* Với ngời:
1/ Làm chủ ngữ:
Sau who/that là một động từ hoặc trợ động từ. Dung who/that chủ ngữ để kết hợp câu khi từ lặp lại chỉ ngời và làm chủ ngữ trong câu đơn thứ hai.
The man who/ that teaches us English comes from London. S RC V
Main clause
The woman who/ that lives next door to us is a doctor. The people who/that live in my neibourhood are very hospitable.
The man who robbed you has been arrested. The girls who serve in the shop are the owner’s daughters.
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.
Would anyone who saw the accident please get in touch with the police? A mathematician is someone/a person who studies maths. A writer is someone/a person who writes books
A writer is a person who writes
novels ... ...
A guitarist is a person who plays
guitar ... A meteorologist is a person who researches
A baker is a person who makes
bread ... ..
A shop-lifter is a person who steals from
shop ... .
An interpreter is a person who translate form one language into
another ... A atheist is a person who doesn’t belive in
god ... An architect is a person who designs
buildings ... ..
A sister is a person who is in charge of other
nurses ... ...
A gardener is a person who does the
gardening ... ...
Notes: Khi kết hợp câu, dùng đại từ quan hệ, cần lu ý: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
- Đại từ quan hệ phải đứng ngay sau danh từ hoặc đại từ mà nó thay thế. The man was English.He invented the theory of evolution.
The man who invented the theory of evolution was English.
( Không dùng: The man was English who invented…)
- Động từ sau đại từ quan hệ chia số it hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào danh từ hoặc đại từ mà đại từ quan hệ thay thế.
The man who works for us is a skilful worker/ The people who work for us are skilful workers. She is one of those who like spending money.
Is it he or I who am to go?
- Phải lợc bỏ danh từ hoặc đại từ lặp lại trong câu đơn thứ hai.
2/ Làm tân ngữ (object)
Sau whom/who/that là một mệnh đề. Trờng hợp này ta có thể lợc bỏ đại từ quan hệ mà không ảnh h- ởng đến nghĩa của câu.Dung whom/who/that tân ngữ để kết hợp câu khi từ lặp lại chỉ ngời và làm tân ngữ trong câu đơn thứ hai.
The man (whom) I met on the train was going to Berlin.
The girls (whom) he employs are always complaining about their pay.
Notes: Với những động từ có giới từ đi kèm, giới từ có thể đợc đặt trớc whom.
The friend with whom I was travelling spoke English very well. Or The friend who/that I was travelling with spoke English very well.
...
3/ Sở hữu ( possessive)
Whose đợc dùng để thay thế cho các tính từ sở hữu (my,her, his,their…) do vậy sau whose luôn luôn là một danh từ.
The woman was a French physicist. Her father was Polish.
=> The woman whose father was Polish was a French physicist. People whose rents rents have been raised can appeal.
The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
The man was an English physicist whose name is famous in the history of electricity. The man whose house is the biggest in the village is a millionaire.
A mathematician is a person whose interest is in mathematics.
* Với vật:
1. Làm chủ ngữ: Sau which/ that là một động từ hoặc trợ động từ. Dùng which/ that chủ ngữ để kết hợp câu khi từ lặp lại chỉ vật và làm chủ ngữ trong câu đơn thứ hai.
The house is now worth $ 20,000. It cost $ 10,000 last month.
The house which/that cost $ 10,000 last month is now worth $ 20,000. The cars which/that are made in Japan are very good and economical. The songs which/that were written in the war time are timeless.
* Which ( không dùng that) có thể đợc dùng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề.
Jim passed his driving test. This surprised everybody.
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody. ( Which = the fact that Jim passed his driving test)
Sheila couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity. The weather was very good, which we hadn’t expected.
I had paid all the money before I received the goods. It was stupid of me. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
=> I had paid all the money before I received the goods,which was stupid of me.
...
2/ Làm tân ngữ (object)
Sau which/that là một mệnh đề. Trờng hợp này ta có thể lợc bỏ đại từ quan hệ mà không ảnh hởng đến nghĩa của câu.Dùng which/that tân ngữ để kết hợp câu khi từ lặp lại chỉ vật và làm tân ngữ trong câu đơn thứ hai.
The language (which/that) we are learning is the most popular in the world. ( The language is the most popular in the world. We are learning it)
The car which they bought last year has broken down. The watch (which) I am wearing is very accurate. The exam (which) we took last year was very difficult. The poems (which/ that) Xuan Dieu wrote are about love. The mobile phone which I am using was made in China.
* So sánh WHAT & THAT What = the thing(s) that
Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done. I can lend you $5. It's all that I have.
I don't understand what you mean. They give their children everything that they want.
What surprised everybody was John's exam result.
... ...
3/ Sở hữu ( possessive)
Whose/ of which đợc dùng để thay thế cho các tính từ sở hữu (its, their…) chỉ vật, nhng: Whose + Noun Noun + of which
The house is ours. Its doors are green.
The house whose roof/ the roof of which was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition. ...