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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONG MAI UNIVERSITY - - PHUONG LAN, NGUYEN THI The Policies of the Rural Economic Restructuring In Ninh Binh Major: Economic Management Code: 62.34.04.10 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Hanoi, 2019 The dissertation is completed at Thuongmai University Full name of the scientific Supervisors: Assoc Prof., Phd Bui Xuan Nhan Assoc Prof., Phd Bui Huu Duc Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: This dissertation will be presented to the School-level Dissertation Evaluation Committee at Commercial University On date /month /year References this dissertation at: - National Library Library at Commercial University INTRODUCTION The motivation of the research: After 30 years implementing economic reform, many major guidelines and policies issued by the Party and the Government with an aim to focus all resources on developing the process of transforming rural economic restructuring, harmoniously solving the "Three Rural ", and the results have been achieved After 10 years implementing the Resolutions of the 7th plenum of the X th, "Income of rural people has increased by 3.49 times In 2008, the average income was 9.15 million VND and increasing to 32 million VND / person / year in 2017.It, however was equivalent to 78%, compared to the national average The results in poverty reduction are also unsustainable, the poverty rate is still higher than 30% ” in many places Ninh Binh province is in the Red River Delta, which has promoted the transformation of rural economic restructuring via many specific policies in order to concretize the Government's guidelines and policies in promoting the internal economic development In the 10-year period (2008-2017), the average growth rate of the agricultural sector (in a broad sense) reached 6%/year; that of the rural industry and small-scale industry accounted for 18% / year; and the number for service sector was 9,7% / year The structure of the agricultural sector has transformed by reducing cultivation, increasing husbandry, aquaculture and services, meanwhile the Industry and handicraft was focused to develop the strength and high economic efficiency sectors However, the process of rural economic reforms in Ninh Binh is still slow and it has not exploited all the advantages and the potential factors yet Production scale is small and scattered Out-of-date production technologies, low labor productivity and rural socioeconomic infrastructures are inadequate, unable to meet the requirements of production Although people's living standards have been improved, most of people still live at low levels The shortage of jobs in rural areas is increasing, the speed of urbanization is considerably fast, the lack of cultivated land as well as the wide -spread epidemics These problems reflect that the process of transformation of rural economic restructuring of this province is not effective, unstable and unsustainable To solve these mentioned problems, it is necessary to build up the basic research on both theories and practical experiences, and at the same time analyzing and assessing the situation By doing this, the causes and solutions will be studied more details to complete the transformation policies of rural areas in Ninh Binh Consequently, the student selects the topic: "The Policies on rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh province" for the doctoral dissertation, specialization in Economic Management, both urgently and reasonably treatise and practice Overview of Research Process 2.1 The researches on the economic restructuring, the rural economic restructuring and affecting factors of the transformation In other countries, there are many researches on this process of transformation of rural economic restructuring, such as: "Theory of economic development" (Arthus Lewis, 1950), "The periods of economic development” (Walter W Rostow, 1960), "The role of agriculture in development econmic" (Johnston B.F., Mellor J.W., 1961), "Economic growth in tropical countries in Asia" (Harry T.Oshima, 1986), "Structural transformation" (Chenery H., 1988), "Pattens of structural change" (Syrquin M., 1998), “United nations: Rural economic Central transformation to LDCS” (Kanaga Raja, 2016), "The Clash of Proges and Security" (Fisher T Allen G.B., 1935), "Remaking the Italian Economy" (Locke J.M., Richard M., 1996), "Containning Dualism through Corporatism: Contemporaty Indusrial Relations in Australia changes" (Frenkel S., 1988), "Industrial Relations in West Germany" (Streeck W., 1988), "How technology is transforming the lives of India's farmers" (Uma Lele, 2017), "Possibilities for substitution between energy, time and information" (Spreng D.,1993),"Rural transformation in central Myanmar: Results from the rural economy and agriculture dry zone community survey" (Ben belton, Mateusz J.Filipski, Chaoran Hu, Aung tun oo, Aung htun, 2017), etc These studies pointed out that the process of transformation the rural economic restructuring must be conducted step by step at certain stages, requiring time and certain cumulative development steps in quantity so that to achieve the changes in quality In Vietnam, there are also many researches mentioned this issues, such as: "Rural economic restructuring - theoretical and practical issues" (Le Dinh Thang, 1998), "Economic restructuring in terms of integration with the regions and the world" (Le Du Phong, Nguyen Thanh Do, 1990) "Reform the structure and trend of Vietnam's agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization from the twentieth century to the 21st century in the era of knowledge economy" (Le Quoc Su, 2001), "The economic restructuring of the industry - agriculture in the Red River Delta, the current situation and solutions" (Pham Ngoc Dung, 2001), "Refrom rural economic structure in the South East towards industrialization and modernization" (Pham Hung, 2002), "Vietnam's economic restructuring in the early years of the 21st century" (Nguyen Tran Que, 2004), "Economic structure and economic restructuring - research on economic structure and economic restructuring" (Phan Cong Nghia, 2007), "The problem of economic restructuring in new rural development" (Bui Tat Thang, 2011), "Improving the efficiency of economic restructuring in the northern coastal region" (Tran Anh Tuan, 2013) "Economic restructuring, Vietnam's economy and the world’s economy in the years from 2013 to 2014" (Minh Hue, 2014) These studies analyzed and presented the scientific arguments on the economic restructuring and transformation of rural economic restructuring in particular towards international economic integration or industrialization and modernization as well as the relationship between the economic transformation, the economic growth and the development of our country or a territory At the local-level, there are a number of studies on the structural change and the transformation of rural economic restructuring, such as: "Rural economic restructuring in Hai Duong towards public industrialization and modernization in the current context ” (Nguyen Trong Thua, 2012), " The solution promotions for economic restructuring and the innovation growth model in Ho Chi Minh City (Mai Van Tan, 2014), "Economic restructuring in Thai Nguyen in the years from 2006 to 2012" (Pham Thi Nga, 2014), "Reform the suburban agricultural structure in Hanoi towards high value, green economy and sustainable development" (Trinh Kim Lien et al., 2016), etc In general, the domestic researches have showed out the arguments about the changes of economic structure in general as well as the transformation of rural economic restructuring in particular Therefore, it should be applyed them to analyze the status of economic restructuring of regions in each period, giving the orientations and a key solution to speed up the process of economic restructuri 2.2 The studies on the policies of the rural economic restructuring "Impact of agricultural policy: Experience of Asian and Eastern European countries, suggestions for Vietnam" (R.Barker, C.P.Timmer, V.B.Tolentino, R.E.Evenson, AmmarSiamwalla, P.stangel, Caba Csaki, V.W Ruttan, 1991), "Agricultural Policy of developing countries" (Frans Elltis, 1994), "East Asia miracle, economic growth and policy public " (World Bank Research- World Bank, 1993) [45], "Why Invest in Rural America - And How? A Critical Public Policy Question for the 21st Century " (N.Stauber, 2001), "Extension of agricultural extension: International experience and policy implications for Vietnam" (Pham Bao Duong, 2013), "Innovation and improvement of some major agricultural development and rural areas” (Le Dinh Thang, Pham Van Khoi, 1995), "Improving the economic policy of agricultural and rural development in suburban Hanoi in the direction of industrialization and modernization" Nguyen Tien Dinh, 2003), "Economic and energy policy Competitiveness of enterprises” (Dinh Thi Nga, 2011),“ Evaluation of agricultural and rural development policies in Vietnam from 1986 to 2013 ” (Nguyen Manh Hung, 2014), "Vietnam Economy 2013 and policy orientation in 2014" (Nguyen Ngoc Son, 2014), Public Policy - Basic Issues (Nguyen Huu Hai, 2014), "Some policies on land use management in the Central Highlands" (Vu Tuan Anh, 2014), "Main priority books for rural agricultural programs ” (Duong Ngoc Hao, 2014), "Water management policy and experience of drought-adapting rice cultivation in O - xay - li -a" (Nguyen Van Kien, 2016) 2.3 The studies on the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in recent years "Development of agricultural cooperatives, a factor promoting rural economic restructuring - Korean experience" (Nguyen Chi Binh, 2012), "The process of economic restructuring in industrialization and modernization in Ninh Binh from 1992 up to now (Nguyen Chi Binh, 2012), Experience and solutions (Do Thi Thu Huong, Tran Dinh Thao, 2013), "Policy of rural infrastructure development in construction New rural construction in Ninh Binh” (Pham Van Bai, 2014), "Policy to mobilize capital for rural transport development in Ninh Binh " 2.4 The gap in research Most of the researches of foreign countries or of Vietnam so far have solved a number of theoretical and practical issues about the reform of economic restructuring or the transformation of rural economic development in particular, they mentioned the role and importance of the economic policies that have a strong influence on the changes of the economic restructuring and the transformation of rural economic reform in a nation or a locality However, up to now, no research figures out cautiously and fully on the theoretical basis and practical experience in implementing the policy of comprehensive transformation of rural economic development at a provincial-level with the perspective specialized in Economic Management On the other hand, in Ninh Binh, although there have been a number of studies on the rural economy and the transformation of the rural economic restructuring, however, so far there are no any research which focus systematically and comprehensively about the changes on economic restructuring in rural areas in Ninh Binh This is considered as a gap in reseach that needs to be further researched, in particular, it is necessary to study in a systematic way and to push it both in theory and practice about solutions to complete the policies of reform the rural economic restructuring at a provincial-level in our country Purpose, mission and research questions in the dissertation 3.1 Purpose: Thesis would like to propose some solutions and recommendations to improve the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh until the year 2025, vision to 2030 3.2 Mission: Firstly, systematizing and clarifying the basic practical theoretical issues about the policies of the rural economic restructuring of any locality at a provincial-level Secondly, analyzing and assessing the current status of the the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh from 2008 to 2017, then pointing out the advantages, limitations and causes so that propose some solutions and recommendations for completing the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh Third, proposing the solutions and suggestions to improve policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh to 2025, vision to 2030 3.3 Research questions: Firstly, what is the content of the policies of the rural economic restructuring of a locality at a provincial- level? Secondly, what are the influencing factors and criteria that used to assess the policies of the rural economic restructuring of a locality at a provincial- level? Thirdly, what is the current situation of the policies of the rural economic restructuring of Ninh Binh in the past years? Fourthly, which solutions and recommendations are needed to complete the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh to 2025, vision to 2030? Object and Scope of the Dissertation 4.1 Object: The research object of the Thesis is the theoretical and practical issues about the policies of the rural economic restructuring of a locality at a provincial- level 4.2 Scope: Spatially: thesis focuses on 06 districts (Nho Quan, Gia Vien, Hoa Lu, Yen Khanh, Yen Mo and Kim Son) and 06 villages (Ninh Nhat, Ninh Phuc, Ninh Tien, Dong Son Quang Son, Yen Son In terms of time: To secondary data: Study on the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh from 2008 to 2017 To primary data: The interviews for more details with district management officials, managers of enterprises, cooperatives and in the places of farmers' households were implemented at the office within 45 minutes from May to June 2017 The questionnaires were randomly delivered to 500 farmer households, 165 enterprises and cooperatives The time for doing surveys is from August - October 2017 With regards the content of the study: LA focuses on clarifying the concepts, content, influencing factors, criteria for evaluating the policies of the rural economic restructuring of a locality at a provincial- level, in which focusing on main items, including: (1) Land use policies for agricultural production, industry and rural services, (2) Policies on restructuring crops and livestock of high economic value, (3) Investment and support policies support capital for production and business in rural areas, (4) Policy on rural infrastructure development, and (5) Policy on vocational training and job creation for rural workers in Ninh Binh from 2008 to 2017, hence proposing the suitable solutions and recommendations to improve the polices in the long run The research object of thesis is the specific policies of a locality at a provincial-level in concretizing and implementing the guidelines and policies of the rural economic restructuring at central-level Approach 5.1 Research Process: In order to assess the current situation of the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh, Thesis has developed a process that illustrated in the following diagram: Documentation Reseach Reseach on Quality Reseach on Quantity Result Figure 1.1: Reesearch Process 5.2 Method for selecting sample Thesis uses a convenient random sampling method and the sampling must be based on a number of criteria: the type of farmer's household (farmers only); types of production and business activities of enterprises or cooperatives (enterprises and cooperatives in rural areas only) in Ninh Binh 5.3 Method for collecting data: This study of thesis uses the in-depth interviews with individual and direct quantitative interviews 5.4 Tool for processing data: Thesis uses SPSS 22.0 software to analysis the results 5.5 Method for analyzing data: In respect of assessing the reliability of the scale: Thesis uses the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to measure the reliability of the scale; the steps of analysis and evaluation are performed similar as that in the preliminary quantitative study After assessing the reliability of the scales, Thesis uses methods of document analysis, statistical analysis methods to analyze the scale and structure of the research phenomenon and escriptive statistical analysis method to assess the actual status of the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh Contribution of the dissertation 6.1 On the theoretical aspect: 12 for agricultural the production, non-agriculture on the basis of promoting land accumulation, Land consolidition to facilitate and to form the large-scale morden agricultural production areas as well as easy to apply the science and technology and mechanization into production, to increase the efficiency of agricultural land use Secondly, crops varieties and livestocks breeds which have strengths high productivity, quality and economic value should be carefully considered and clarified base on the basis of promoting the potentials and advantages of natural conditions (soil, water) of each region and each locality Thirdly, it is necessary to strengthen the investment in the development of agriculture, industry, cottage industry and services in depth and to expand the capital sources for production and business in rural areas This matter is one of the key issues for the process of transformation of the rural economic structuring Fourthly, it is necessary to consider the investment in irrigation systems, rural transport, electricity, roads, schools, finance and banking to facilitate transportation, purchase and delivery in rural areas Fifthly, it is necessary to build mechanisms and policies to encourage rural people to participate in vocational training so that they could improve working skills By doing so, the rural people could easily face with the job conversion, job finding, hence their income woould be increased, and the most important thing is they could meet the requirements of current industrial and service production Chapter THE STATUS OF THE POLICIES OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN NINH BINH 2.1 Natural conditions, rural social economic conditions and the status of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh 2.1.1 Natural conditions 2.1.1.1 Geographical location and topographic 2.1.1.2 Climate and hydrology 2.1.1.3 Land 2.1.1.4 Natural resources 2.1.2 The status of the rural social economy of Ninh Binh 2.1.2.1 Population and rural labors 2.1.2.2 The rural social economy 13 2.1.3 The status of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in the period of 2008 - 2017 2.1.3.1 Transformation the rural economic structure based on sector In the years from 2008 to 2017, there is a change in the economic structure in Ninh Binh by reducing the proportion of the agricultural sectors, increasing the proportion of the industrial productions, contruction and services (Figure 2.1) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 24.67 35.66 39.67 Năm 2008 34.31 33.85 31.03 32.81 32.57 41.33 42.99 47.33 46.06 47.45 24.36 23.15 21.46 21.13 19.67 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Nông -lâm- thủy sản Dịch vụ Công nghiệp, tiểu thủ CN Fi gure 2.1: Strucure (%) Production Value proportion of production of sectors in rural areas in Ninh Binh, 2008-2017 (current price) (Source: The student collected and analyzed data from  [11] [12] 2.1.3.2 The status of the rural economic restructuring basing on regions a Mountainous and semi-mountainous areas: The topography of this region is mainly hilly, semi-mountainous and limestone-shaped in low-lying and many lakes This kind of area manily focuses on the forest, the perennial plants (tea), fruit trees and livestocks b Delta reagions: This kind of region is plain terrain They have many potentials and advantages for producing annual rice, other crops (beans, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) and livestock (pigs and poultry) c Costal regions: This is fertile alluvial plains, flat terrain, with advantages and outstanding development potentials, including rice, rush, handicraft production, poultry farming and aquaculture In particular, production and processing of sedge, handicrafts from sedge and coastal aquaculture are the most typical economic activities of this region 2.1.3.3 The status of the rural economic restructuring 14 basing on parties The trend of restructuring the rural economic components in Ninh Binh is to reduce the proportion of the state economic sectors, increasing the private economic components In the structure of the rural economic sectors of this province, the private enterprises account for the highest proportion, over 97%; the second position belongs to the state-owned enterprises, however their number tends to decrease over the years (2.2% in 2008 fell to 0.6% in 2017); Foreign-invested enterprises only made up for a very small proportion, approximately 0.6 to 1.5% (see Table 2.4) This means that the rural areas have not really attracted domestic and foreign investors into production and business Figure 2.4: Proportion (%) of the number of parties engaging in the rural economy in Ninh Binh Total Public Enterpries Private Enterpries Enterpries have foreign capitals 2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 100 100 100 100 100 100 2,2 1,3 1,3 0,9 0,7 0,6 97,2 97,4 97,3 97,6 97,8 97,8 0,6 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 (Source: The student collected and analyzed data from  [11] [12] 2.2 Analyzing the status of the implementation the main policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in the past years 2.2.1 Land policies for the agricultural - industrial production and services in the rural areas 2.2.2 The policies of the high economic value crops and livestocks restructuring 2.2.3 The policies for the investment and support capital for production and business in the rural area 2.2.4 The policies of the rural infrastructure develpment 2.2.5 The policies of the vocational training and job creation for rural labors 2.3 Evaluating the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh according to the criteria of the policies 2.3.1 Suitability The results of interviews with experts about "The policies of the rural economic restructuring in the province are suitable with the 15 local socio-economic development conditions", showing that most experts believe that the current policies of the rural economic restructuring are relatively suitable with the conditions of socioeconomic development of the locality and the whole country in general On the beneficiary side from these policies: households, enterprises and cooperatives also hold the opinon that these policies are appropriate with their current status 2.3.2 Validity The results from doing survey with farmers, enterprises and cooperatives point out that in recent years, these people have access to the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh at above average level It means that the effectiveness of those policies is not high 2.3.3 Effectivity Comparing the targets and results of those policies in the period 11 years, from 2008 to 2017, it is shown that the policies are able to be achieved the targets set in 2020 relatively high, and each policy has considerably contributed to the economic efficiency for farmers, enterprises and cooperatives operating in rural areas They also contribute to promoting the process of transformation the rural economic structuring in Ninh Binh in a suitable and effective way 2.4 General Evaluation of the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh 2.4.1 Advantages and Causes 2.4.1.1.Advantages Firstly, the policies of this province have contributed to promoting the the process of transformation the rural economic structuring in the direction of increasing the proportion of rural industries and services Secondly, the policies contribute to the rural labor structure change towards reducing the proportion of laborers working in the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors Thirdly, the provincial land policies basically ensures the rights and obligations of land users, helping them feel secure, hence stabilize production and land use efficiency Fourthly, the policies contribute to the establishment areas and regions for production of crops and livestocks which have high productivity, quality and high economic value, helping rural people increase their income then could get rich in their homeland 16 Fifthly, the policies of investment and capital support for production and business in rural areas facilitate the expansion and development of traditional trades and craft villages; helping rural people expand production scale Sixthly, the policies of the rural infrastructure development significantly contribute to creating favourable conditions for rural infrastructure, satisfying the requirements of production; creating more chances to attract investor to rural areas Sevently, the policies of the vocational training and job creation for rural workers help learners access to new knowledge on the field of training, let them know how to business, to increase themselves productivity They hence could have more opportunities to change careers, to achieve the sustainable life in rural areas 2.4.1.2 Causes Firstly, Ninh Binh has received the highl attention of the Party and Government as well as the effective coordination and assistance from ministries and central branches Secondly, Ninh Binh has always actively followed the views, guidelines and policies of the Party and the Government on the issues of agriculture, farmers and rural areas in each period Promptly issued in order to concretize the policies of the Party and the Government, making adjustments and supplements to the policies to adapt the local practical conditions Thirdly, the process of implementing policies has been effectively coordinated by the People's Committees of the province, districts, communes and all levels and sectors along with the consent of rural people The policies have really absorbed to life, bringing practical results, contributing to changing the face of the countryside, narrowing the gap in living standards between urban and rural areas, or between regions and localities Fourth, the policies are widely propagated, creating a positive change in the awareness of cadres, party members and rural people; creating sympathy, consensus, active participation, mobilization of resources and people's contributions in terms of knowledge, effort and finance Fifthly, the policies which is implemented in the past years have shown the right and consistent policies with the aspirations of cadres, party members and rural people; these policies also have been receiving the positive feedback and responses from rural people 2.4.2 Limitations and Causes 17 2.4.2.1 Limitations Firstly, to the land policies for agricultural production, industry and rural services: The progress of issuing land use right certificates Certificate after conducting Land consolidition is slow The land is used for improper purposes, land for fallow or land use is not effective Secondly, to the policies of restructuring crops and livestocks which have high economic values: The scale of production is small, the farming area is still fragmented, making the investment and taking care of crops / livestocks faces many difficulties The number of processing and preserving establishments is still small The quality of agricultural products in the province is unstable, food safety is still limited and has not been carefully checked and evaluated before being deliveried to the market, not buiding up the trust for consumers Thirdly, the policies of the investment and capital support for production and business development in rural areas: The level of public investment for the development of agriculture and rural development has increased year by year, however the proportion of investment is still low and it tends to decrease The rate of applying modern and new science and technology to production is still low High-tech applications also encounter difficulties in financial resources, production organization experiences and product consumption markets The policies for supporting capital for production although have been adjusted to create more and more opportunities so that the households, enterprises and cooperatives could easily access to the capital, however, they still get certain barries when borrowing capital, such as: loan conditions, security assets, production plans Fourthly, the policies of the rural infrastructure development: Rural infrastructure development policies have not really created favorable conditions for the development of rural industries The investment in rural infrastructure development still faces many problems, such as lack of investment capital for construction, repair, renovation and upgrading Fifthly, the policies of the vocational training and job creation for rural workers: The development of the vocational training plans and surveys for rural laborers at some training institutions is not close to the actual status, not yet associated with the local socio-economic development strategies, not really associated with the development needs of the market, business needs and export markets 2.4.2.2 Causes of limitaions Firstly, to the land policies for the agricultural - industrial 18 production and services in the rural area: issusing the land use right certificates after Land consolidition encounters with many difficulties and takes place slowly The procedures for rent and changing the purpose of land use for investment projects are still cosmplicated and time costing Forecasting the demand for land use in the locality has not been well implemented Land management is not really strict and effective, hence there is a situation of land encroachment, disputes and complaints, land for fallow or ineffective use Secondly, to the policies of the high economic value crops and livestocks restructuring: Surveys and market forecasts have not been received the high attention, production has not been attached to the market, products have not been attached to the market demand In addition, the cost of purchasing seeds, the expense of input materials and labor tends to increase while the prices of agricultural products rise and fall erratically Thirdly, to the policies for the investment and support capital for production and business in the rural area: Regards to the investment in rural areas in Ninh Binh, there are still shortcomings and limitations since all levels, locaol authorities have not really considered and prioritized public investment for rural development, especially high technology and clean technology production The agricultural investment also widely spreads, not focusing on the fields of production and trading of crops / livestocks breeds which have advantages, quality and high economic value To the policies of credit capital of agricultural and rural development, farmers, businesses, cooperatives still meet many drawbacks in borrowing capital as the loan procedures are complicated Fourthly, to the policies of the rural infrastructure develpment: Supporting budget has not met the demand of rural infrastructure development, so the budget for districts and communes has not been continuous to achieve the goals In addition, the information and propaganda has not been strengthened, especially the propagation of the structure of investment capital for construction and rural infrastructure development in new conditions, so that people could understand and be self-consciousness then voluntarily participate Fifthly, to the policies of the vocational training and job creation for rural labors: Awareness of some government leaders, associations and organizations at districts and commune levels on the vocational training is limited and passive, the implementation process is just the movement The selection of jobs to teach in the localities is not associated with economic 19 development goals and exploitation of the strengths and potentials of each localiy The propagation and dissemination of policies at the commune and district levels are not details enough, making the rural laborers not aware of the benefits of participating in vocational training Some localities have not really participated conducting these polices yet, have not yet considered and seriously paied attention on the vocational training for rural laborers in their localities, leading to poor guidances Since the lack of managers and vocational teachers, hence, currently unable to arrange full-time job trainers at a district-level Some vocational training institutions are not really dynamic and responsive to keep up with new requirements on careers, especialy the requirements of the human resources quality in enterprises and local practices Chapter SOLUTIONS FOR COMPLETION POLICIES OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN NINH BINH 3.1 Viewpoints, tagets and orientation of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in 2025, the vision to 2030 3.1.1 Viewpoint on the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh 3.1.2 Targets of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh Specific objectives for some socio-economic indicators of Ninh Binh in the period of 2020 - 2025 are determined as follows: GDP growth rate per capita in rural areas should be achieved 6.5% Production value of agriculture - forestry - fishery increases by 2% / year in which agriculture increases by 1.2% / year; forestry rise by 8% / year, seafood go up by 10% / year The value of industrial production, handicraft and construction increases by 16% / year; service increases by 10% / year Structure of production value of agriculture - industry service sector is: 10% - 48% - 42%, respectively Average income per capita in rural areas reaches 50 million VND/person/year Production value per hectare of cultivation reaches VND 150 million The rate of trained workers reaches over 80% Export turnover reaches 900 million USD The rate of communes meets the criteria of new rural areas is 100% The percentage of poor households in rural areas according to multi-dimensional poverty standards is 6.5% (see Table 2.9) 20 Figure 2.9: Forcast the targets of the social economy in the rural areas in Ninh Binh, 2020-2025 No 2.1 + + + 2.2 2.3 + + + 10 11 12 13 Catergory Unit GDP growth rate per capita Annual Production Value growth rate (compared to 2010) Agriculture - Forestry - Fishery Agriculture Forestry Fishery Industry-Handicraft-Construction Services Economic Structure (Production value, current price) Agriculture - Forestry - Fisher Industry-Handicraft-Construction Services Average income per rural capita Production value per hectare of cultivation landing Export The rate of trained- rural labor The number of people get the job The rate of application the biological technology, mechanism in the agricultural production Communes in region reach new rural criteria The rate of rural people access to the hygienic water The rate of Communes implementing the waste collection and waste treatment in the rural area The rate of povery households in the rural area (multidimensional poverty) % % Targets 2020 2025 6.5 % % % % % % % 1.2 10 16 10 % % % Million VND Million VND 10 48 42 50 150 Million USD % people % 900 > 85 >18.000 > 90 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 4,5 (Source: The student collected data from [75]) 3.1.3 Guidances for the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in 2025, the vision to 2030 3.2 The solutions of completion policies of the rural economic restructuring in 2025, the vision to 2030 3.2.1 Improving the Land policies for the agricultural industrial production and services in Ninh Binh 21 Firstly, promoting the propagation and dissemination of Land Law and land policies of the Government and the province to all people in the area, ensuring the correctly use of land in accordance with the law Secondly, focusing on planning and land use, land management, encouraging land accumulation to create favorable conditions for the implementation of land allocation, leasing and the transformation of land use more and more effective Thirdly, improving the procedure of issusing the land use right certificates to create better conditions for production and business, making people at the locality feel assured to business Fourthly, making the adequate compensation and support to ensure the benefits for people that their land are retaken by the Government Fifthly, strengthening the inspection and supervision the management and use of land; detecting, preventing and strictly solving all cases of land violations in the area Sixth, promoting the application of science and technology to land use to improve land use efficiency 3.2.2 Improving the policies of the high economic value crops and livestocks restructuring in Ninh Binh Firstly, Ninh Binh needs to promote propaganda and provide the information about the policies on media, improving the quality of staff and officials in communes and districts Secondly, basing on the comparative advantages of each region in the province, it is necessary to determine the right investment that focuses on developing the high quality and high economical value crops/ livestocks Thirdly, it is necessary to invest in upgrading infrastructure, technical technology support, equipments for farms to produce and supply existing crops and livestocks, ensuring the standards , have enough good conditions to produce good varieties to meet the production needs of localities and neighboring provinces Fourth, building the links between production, processing and consumption of agricultural products; especially among farmers and enterprises on the signing economic contracts to ensure product consumption Fifthly, it is necessary to develop and promulgate policies to support and encourage the transformation of crops and livestocks structure which have high economic value for farmers to boost production and business Sixthly, it is necessary to strengthen scientific research on breeds, seed selection, breeding and processing 3.2.3 Improving the policies for the investment and support capital for production and business in Ninh Binh Firstly, increasing the investment and promoting the application of 22 science and technology to agricultural production, industry and services in rural areas To achieve this target, it is necessary to increase the investment capital for high-tech agriculture by diversifying capital sources through mechanisms to attract investment funds, organizations, individuals and types of enterprises The investment in agricultural production and rural areas needs to be the main point, avoiding the spreading investment; concentrating resources on feasible programs and projects, bringing high added value to agricultural products produced in the province and promoting the province's comparative advantages in terms of conditions climate and soil, etc.; clarifying the slow and inefficient projects Emphasizing the forecasting market demand for agricultural products in the area It is important to complete mechanisms and policies to attract the investment on high-tech agriculture so that to adapt the actual production conditions of the locality, thence the policies could becomes a real "midwife" for agriculture, including agriculture that is applied high technology and clean technology; creating favourable conditions for not only businesses but also producers Paying attention to the investment in the development of science and technology, particularly Science and technology progress application center to let them be the core for the province's scientific and technological development Focusing on serving agricultural development should be the first priority Strengthening the link between parties (Government, scientists, entrepreneurs and farmers) In particular, the Government actively promulgate favorable mechanisms and policies for agricultural and rural development, creating a legal corridor for effective linkage among farmers, entrepreneurs and scientists Secondly, increasing the loan capital for production and business development and to create favorable mechanisms for procedures, interest rates, loan levels and borrowing times suitable to each borrowing object, ensuring the use of loan capital effective in rural areas To achieve this, it is necessary to focus on the following issues: Developing the criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the investment capital (budget capital, credit capital) to the rural socio-economic development of the provience Thence, it is possible to identify which sectors and localities (districts and communes) invest effectively or ineffectively, then could have the appropriate investment adjustment policies System of banks, Credit institutions in the area need to continue reforming and renewing the lending procedure, simplifying the loan procedures, improving the 23 appraisal capacity to shorten the time to settle loans, to create conditions so that farmers, local businesses and cooperatives could access to the capital while ensuring loan security Supporting farmers, businesses and accessing loans more conveniently and easily through strengthening clear, specific and detailed information about loans, lowering interest rates Capital loans should be more for the medium and long-term loans and extending the lending time for medium and long-term loans for agricultural projects 3.2.4 Improving the policies of the rural infrastructure develpment in Ninh Binh Irrigation system: Continue to upgrade, improve and consolidate irrigation systems, canals in the field to ensure adequate supply of water for production Rural transport system: Implement synchronous planning of rural transport system, ensuring convenience for the transportation, travel and goods circulation; master plans on goods transport networks in provincial and inter-provincial areas Rural market system: Implement the planning and reorganize the system of rural markets so that it is suitable to the planning on developing the market network in Ninh Binh province to 2025, vision to 2030 Electricity system: Performing regular upgrading and maintenance of rural electricity systems; ensure sufficient supply and meet the production requirements of industrial clusters, industrial parks, large-scale concentrated agricultural and husbandry production areas and the people Information and communication systems, post and telecommunications: It is necessary to invest and develop synchronously the internet system, ecommerce, post and telecommunication, etc to create conditions for farmer households and enterprises, cooperatives update information, knowledge, science and technology for production and business in the rural areas Waste treatment system: The province needs to take measures to better handle the waste problem in production and farming in rural areas in the direction of ensuring safety, environmental sanitation and health for citizen 3.2.5 Improving the policies of the vocational training and job creation for rural labors Raising awareness of all levels and sectors about the role of vocational training for rural workers, promote the vocational training propaganda on the mass media for people Continue to implement mechanisms to encourage and attract rural laborers to actively participate in vocational training in the province Conduct training, retraining and 24 attract vocational managers and teachers to actively participate in vocational training at representatives of districts/ communes Increasing investment in material facilities and equipments for vocational training and developing the network of district/ commune vocational training institutions: Strengthen the management, inspection and examination of vocational training activities at district-level vocational training centers in the province 3.3 Recommedations 3.3.1 To the Central It is necessary to continue to amend, supplement and complete the 2013 Land Law, the Government Budget Law, the Investment Law and other laws Continuing to pay attention, arrange and allocate the investment capital for Ninh Binh Creating favourable conditions for enterprises who want to invest in agriculture and rural areas in Ninh Binh so that they could access to the foreign ODA and concessional loans 3.3.2 To the Ministries and Branches Keeping up to research and to transfer the scientific and technological applications to the development of rural economy in Ninh Binh It is necessary to amend and adjust interest rates, lending duration and limits to ensure compliance with production and business characteristics of each subject Increasing funding for vocational training for rural workers in Ninh Binh CONCLUSION Nowadays, the process of international economic integration brings not only opportunities and advantages but also difficulties and challenges that is directly or indirectly affect the transformation of the rural economic structure both the nation and each locality at the provincial-level Therefore, each province at the provincial-level should take the initiative in grasping opportunities and selecting for themselves an appropriate direction to solve the difficulties and challenges which are being posed for the transformation of the rural economic structure; contributing to the successful implementation of the industrialization and modernization career of the country In other words, each province at the provincial-level should issue and implement the policies of the rural economic restructuring based on exploiting all the potentials and strengths of each region and each locality (land, people, capital, science and technology, etc.), creating favorable conditions for the rural economic restructuring The dissertation has contributed to systematizing theoretical 25 issues and practical experience on the policies of the transformation of the civil society education at a foreign locality at the provinciallevel (Zhejiang, China and ShiZhouka, Japan) and domestic (Thanh Hoa); clarifying concepts, objectives and contents of policies for the transformation of the rural economic structure in the rural areas at the provincial-level At the same time, setting up the evaluation criteria and factors affecting the policies of the transformation of the civil society education at a locality at the provincial-level The dissertation has analyzed and evaluated the status of the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in the period of 2008 - 2017; evaluating the advantages and limitations of policies in the past years Basing on the views, objectives and orientations of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh to 2025, the vision to 2030 along with pointing out the limitations and understanding the causes, then proposing a number of feasible solutions and recommendations to improve the policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh in the long run LIST OF PUBLICED RESEARCHES OF STUDENT Nguyễn Thị Phương Lan (2015), “The status of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh from 2005-2013”, Journal of the Asia- Pacific Economy, final stage of June 2015, p.13 – p.16 Nguyễn Thị Phương Lan (2016), “The status of the vocational training for rural labors in Ninh Binh in the past years”, Journal of the Asia- Pacific Economy, Stage of April 2016, p.37- p.39 Nguyễn Thị Phương Lan (2018), “The status of the land policies of the rural economic restructuring in Ninh Binh”, Journal of the Asia- Pacific Economy, No.518 June 2018, p.41- p.43 Nguyễn Thị Phương Lan, Đỗ Thị Mỹ Trang (2019), “Phát triển nơng nghiệp tỉnh Ninh Bình theo hướng bền vững: thực trạng giải pháp The sustainable development of agriculture in Ninh Binh: the practical status and solutions”, Journal of the Asia- Pacific Economy, No 538 April 2019, p.16- p.18 Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, “Completing the policies of the high economic value crops and livestocks restructuring in Ninh Binh, Journal of Finance Vol.2, Issue 1+ 2/2019 ... restructuring in Ninh Binh”, Journal of the Asia- Pacific Economy, No.518 June 2018, p.41- p.43 Nguyễn Thị Phương Lan, Đỗ Thị Mỹ Trang (2019), “Phát triển nông nghiệp tỉnh Ninh Bình theo hướng... thesis focuses on 06 districts (Nho Quan, Gia Vien, Hoa Lu, Yen Khanh, Yen Mo and Kim Son) and 06 villages (Ninh Nhat, Ninh Phuc, Ninh Tien, Dong Son Quang Son, Yen Son In terms of time: To secondary... Causes Firstly, Ninh Binh has received the highl attention of the Party and Government as well as the effective coordination and assistance from ministries and central branches Secondly, Ninh Binh