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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGUYEN THI THUY HANH THE ART OF YAN LIANKE'S NOVELS Major: Foreign literature Code: 22 02 45 SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION HA NOI, 2019 THIS DISSERTATION IS ACCOMPLISHED AT GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MENTOR: Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Thi Mai Chanh Reviewer 1: Professor Dr Loc Phuong Thuy Reviewer 2: Associate Professor Dr Do Lai Thuy Reviewer 3: Associate Professor Dr Le Nguyen Can The dissertation is defended in front of the Dissertation Committee of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at …… hour, day month 2019 Available at: - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences - National Library of Vietnam LIST OF ARTICLES BY PHD STUDENT Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, From utopia to dystopia: narrative discourse in Yan Lianke’s novel “Shouhuo Village”, Journal of Literary Studies, No (571), 9/2019, p59-71 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (translated), Theism of contemporaryism in contemporary literature (Yan Lianke), Journal of Writers and Works, p178-184, No 35, May-June, 2019 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Yan Lianke: From conception to the practice of Mythorealism, Journal of Literary Studies, No.11 (561), November 2018, p.109-221 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Point of view and narrative structure in a number of novels of Yan Lianke, Journal of Lexicography and Encyclopedia, No (58), 3/2019, p122-127 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (translated), The writer's path (Yan Lianke), Literature and Arts Newspaper, No 14/2018, pp.10 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (2016), Yan Lianke - Pioneering latecomer, Spark Magazine, No 14, p.52-54 Nguyen Thị Thúy Hạnh (translated), Internal breakdown of composition - Memoirs of “Dream of Ding Village (Yan Lianke), Spark Magazine, July 2016 issue, p.54-55 INTRODUCTION The urgency of the topic According to the assessment of Chinese researchers and many Western scholars today, Yan Lianke (1958-) is one of the typical faces of contemporary Chinese literature In 40 years of writing (19792019), Yan Lianke has published more than 11 novels, 10 volumes of medium stories and short stories, volumes of essays and essays He won various literary awards at home and abroad, such as the First and Second Lu Xun Literary Prize, the 3rd Lao She Literary Award, the Chinese International Literature Award, and the Franz Kafka Prize Up to now, there have been academic controversies about studies of Yan Lianke’s novels; besides commendable praises, criticism has continued, but it is undeniable that there is great artistic novelty in his novels Recently, through translation and publishing work, the name Yan Lianke has become acknowledged to Vietnamese readers Studying Yan Lianke’s novels helps readers to understand the movement of Chinese historical literature and the development trends of contemporary Chinese fiction novels; better understand the depth and nature of Chinese society - thereby compare with Vietnamese social life to give a wide interpretations about history and human life The purpose and mission of the dissertation 2.1 Research purposes - Clarify the artistic characteristics of Yan Lianke's novel by focusing on aspects: artistic conception, narrative art, and artistic language - Analyze the inheritance of traditional Chinese literature achievements as well as the acquisition and influence of foreign literature by Yan Lianke; meanwhile, pointing out the writer's considerable contribution to the modern Chinese literature 2.2 Research mission - Find out the movement of artistic thinking (expressed through the concept and practice of “realism” 神 实 主 义 mythorealism) by Yan Lianke in the process of composing, the difference of writer's thought compared to previous and contemporaneous authors - On the theoretical basis of narrative, generalize the characteristics that constitute the narrative style of the Yan Lianke’s novels; analyze the inheritance and innovation in his narrative art and novel language Object and scope of the dissertation 3.1 Research subjects The object of the study is the main aspects of the art of Yan Lianke’s novels 3.2 Research scope The scope of the research focuses on the most prominent novels of Yan Lianke, including books translated and not yet translated into Vietnamese Analyzing and surveying activities are based on the original text of the novels: The Sunlit Years (Hua Cheng Publishing House, 1998), Hard as Water (Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House, 2001), Shou Huo (Arts Publishing House Xuan Phong, 2004), Dream of Ding Village (Shanghai Art Publishing House, 2006), The Odes of Songs (People 's Publishing House of Jiangsu, 2008), The Four Books (Mai Tian Publishing House, 2011); compared (and cited if necessary) with Vietnamese translations While analyzing the works, we also expanded the survey, linked to other novels of the writer such as: Song of Balou (Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing Hous, 2001), Days, Months, Years (Xinjiang People's Publishing House, 2002), The Explosion Chronicles (Shanghai Art and Literature Publishing House, 2013), The Day the Sun Died (Mai Tian Publishing House, 2016) Research meothodology System approach method; formative method, comparative method; methods of analysis – syndissertation New scientific contributions of the dissertation - Researching Yan Lianke’s novels based on the original texts, including the analysis of typical novels that have not been translated into Vietnamese - Introducing the unique aspects of thought, narrative art and artistic language of the author Yan Lianke - Applying the narrative theory of Western theorists such as Gerard Genette, Mikhail M Bakhtin , absorbing achievements of Chinese narrative researches by Andrew H Plaks, Yang Yi and especially Zhao Yi Heng, at the same time putting the research subject at the context of modern Chinese culture and literature in general, the dissertation analyzes and clarifies of the art of Yan Lianke’s novel of from a theoretical perspective as well as historical literature Theoretical and practical meanings of the dissertation The dissertation contributes to the study of Yan Lianke novels in particular and Chinese literature in general in Vietnam The structure of the dissertation In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of References and Appendix, the dissertation is organized into four chapters: Chapter Overview of the research situation and viewpoints, methodology of the dissertation; Chapter “Realistismism”: from concept to practice; Chapter Narrative techniques; Chapter Narrative discourse and novel language CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION, VIEWPOINTS, APPROACH OF THE DISSERTATION 1.1 The situation of research on Yan Lianke’s novels in China and abroad 1.1.1 In China In China, up to now, there has been a large number of dissertations, theses, papers and articles on Yan Lianke’s novels According to statistics of CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) online library, accessed on July st 2019, the keywords of Yan Lianke results in 2.206 results, including doctoral theses, 217 master theses Doctor, 13 domestic seminars, international conferences, 1.757 magazine articles, 210 articles We divide the research situation of the Yan Lianke’s novels in China into stages: The period 1991 - 1997: The subject, content, the art of the literature about rural areas of Yan Lianke was concerned, the most typical works were conducted by Lin Zhou, Yang Huai Zhou, Lu Xin, Dou Peng, Cai Gui Lin, Zhang De Xiang, Ci Guo Shun, Zhao Shun Hong, Zhu Xiang Qian… The period of 1998 - 2007: Research on the art world of Yan Lianke appeared, mainly from the perspective of cultural history to study the content of novels, typical studies are from Gou Yuan Yu, Zhang Zhi Zhong, Shao Yan Jun, Zhang Yan Guo, Lu Xiao Yao, Liu Xiao Neng, Shun Xiao Dong, Song Hong Ling, Shi Shu Ping… The Period 2008 - 2013: With the development of the Chinese narrative discipline at the beginning of the 1980s, this period exploded a series of studies on Yan Lianke’s novels in the context of narrative Following the trend, many authors have chosen narrative as a theoretical nucleus to study the novels of Yan Lianke such as Wu Yan Wei, Wang Dan Dan, Chang Li Na, Lin Ling, Wang Fei Fei, Qian Fang, Mei Wen Bin… The period of 2014 - 2019: Along with the development of comparative literature, comparing the artistic style of Yan Lianke’s novels with other authors in China and abroad is also a research direction that many people have been interested in, including the writings of Li Ying, Yu Chang, Wang Wu Dan At this stage, Chinese researchers applied the theory of Russian formalism, narrative of Genette, and American magic realism, folklore stance to review the work of Yan Lianke This research direction shows that it is reasonable to be able to identify Yan Lianke in both “traditional” and “modern” aspects 1.1.2 In some countries - Translating and introducing the novels of Yan Lianke in Germany and France + In Germany, the translation of novels by Yan Lianke was made early In 2007, the novel Serve the People (German name: Dem Volke dienen) was translated into German; In 2009, Dream of Ding Village was also published (Der Traum meines Groβ-vaters) Researchers and critics of Germany such as Verena Mayer, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Mark Siemons emphasized on the satirical, and social critique manners of the “revolutionary narrative” in Yan Lianke’s novels + France is a country with a tradition of translating Chinese literary works which had anti-traditional elements in the novels of Yan Lianke; inspired and attracted the attention of French readers Dream of Ding Village (Le Reve du Village des Ding), Days, Months, Years (Les Jours, Les mois, Les Années), and Lenin's Kisses (The Bons baisers de Lénine) were highly appreciated by French critics, and Yan Lianke is considered “A master of magical realism in China" - Studying Yan Lianke’s novels in the United States and Canada + From 2010, researches on Yan Lianke’s novels have began to expand in the United States In 2011, Chinese Literature Today of the University of Oklahoma (USA) published a series of two papers on the topic “Fiction and truth in the novels of Yan Lianke” by Laifong Leung and Thomas Chen Approaching the Yan Lianke’s novels from the sociological and cultural perspectives, there were articles written by Rachel Leng, Xuenan Cao and Wang Yu Throw new and modern theories, these studies have produced many interesting ideas, such as "ghost wedding", the desecrate of blood relation, the writing of autoimmunity author(s)… - Translation and introduction of Yan Lianke in Japan The novels of Yan LianKe which were translated and published in China include: Dream of Ding Village (2007), Father and I (2016), Days, Months, Years (2016), The Explosion Chronicles (2016) The famous newspapers in Japan such as Asahi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, Nikkei when introducing foreign literature, all praised for Yan Liank’s novels In 2014, the novel Dream of Ding Village of Yan Lianke won the Twitter literary prize in Japan for foreign literary works - Translating and studying Yan Lianke’s novels in Vietnam: + Until August 2019, there were novels of Yan Lianke translated into Vietnamese (The Odes of Songs, Serve the People, especially Zhao Yi Heng with two works: Suffering narratives Chinese narrative form and Chinese culture of Chinese novels (October Beijing Arts Publishing House, 1994) and Extended narrative narrative (Sichuan University Press, 2013) to identify and analyze research objects CHAPTER "MYTHOREALISM": FROM CONCEPT TO PRACTICE 2.1 The concept of "Mythorealism" 2.1.1 "The myth is a bridge, Reality is the other shore" Through the essay Novel Discovering (Nankai University Publisher, 2001) and specific expressions in the novels of the writer, we think that "Mythorealism" ( 神 实 主 义 ), Yan Lianke has implications as follows: - The term "god" (神) in the concept of "mythorealism" is not miraculous, mystical, "god" is mainly understood as "spirit" The "mythorealism" ( 神 实 ) is the reality of morale and spirituality, disregarding the outside world and emphasizes the intrinsic "spirit" that belongs to the soul, the writer's soul - In his novels, the writer overlooks the logical apparent relations of the reality of life, delving into a kind of "non-existent" reality, “an unseen reality, a hidden reality” - The novelty of this mythorealism is "creating reality, seeking reality", rather than" describing reality " - As a tendency of creation, mythorealism ignores the logic of external reality, focusing on exploiting "inner truth" ( 真 实 ), exploring the depth of spiritual preception of society and people 10 - Imagination, parables, myths, legends, myths, fantasies, mixtures are the tactics that "mythorealism" is used to describe reality 2.1.2 "No cause and effect", "semi cause and effect" and "internal cause and effect" To explain more specifically about "mythorealism", in Novel Discovering, Yan Lianke proposed the concepts: "no cause and effect", "half-cause and effect" and "internal cause and effect" - "Cause and effect" (= cause + effect): the relationship and the results of development of things and phenomena - "No cause and effect" (零 因果): in Yan Lianke’s work, "No cause and effect" is defined as: "the arising of the story, the reinterpretation and anti-cause and effect relationship of the writer, is a writer's effort and experimentation in creating a new cause and effect order “Novel Discovering”; tr76] - "Semi cause and effect" (半 因果): "greater or smaller than the integrity and peerness of the whole cause and effect", "no reader is doubted about the dishonesty in their logical relations" [Novel Discovering; tr112-113] Characteristic of the " Semi cause and effect" narrative is One Hundred Years of Solitude According to Yan Lianke, "Semi cause and effect" is considered to be characteristic of the writing method of Latin-American fantasy realism to which García Márquez is a representative - "Internal cause and effect" (内 因果): "the survival process of stories and characters in a novel, based on the cause and effect of 11 inner truth to stimulate the character and the plot change" "Internal cause and effect" exists only in the authenticity of the spirit and the soul, relying on the spirit and the soul to "stimulate, lengthen the story and transform and improve the character", which is the "only root cause" for the soul, behavior and language of the character to develop ” "Internal cause and effect" is the autobiographical characteristic of "mythorealism" at [Novel Discovering; tr136] 2.2 The process of transformation in the writer's artistic conception: from "reality" to "mytho-reality" - The writings about Chinese countryside of Yan Lianke can be divided into two periods: The period before Days, Months, Years (1997), the work focused on criticizing the power in the countryside; because of power, people not regret deceits, despite brotherly fratricide; using traditional narrative tactics of realism and being "enlightenening critique" From 1997 onwards, Yan Lianke became a prominent writer in the literature with works delving deeply into the darkness of the lust of people, the existence of suffering and absurdity of their hierachy, courage and audacity when fighting against destiny - The change of cognition in Yan Lianke's artistic conception and writing method is not exclusive, but rather in the need to restructure realism in China in the 1990s in general, along with the emergence of writings following the trend of "neo-realism" - Yan Lianke expresses denial of the old writing method of realism, requiring the writer to find a new writing method, a new 12 expression, a new narrative, a depth of the new content, opposed to traditional writing techniques, emphasizing on a need for re-creation 2.3 Yan Lianke's realism in relation to the Chinese literary tradition 2.3.1 Joining the literature of hometown - Yan Lianke took the Ba Lou mountain range as a setting for a series of "novels of hometown" - Exploiting the restrictions and tragedies of rural areas in the Central Highlands in the process of modernization; criticizing the insatiable desire for power, the humanity distortion by power -Important works: Family Poems ((家诗), Story of the BaLou mountain range (耙耧系列), Emotional prison (情感狱), The story of the village (乡里故事), The former home of Liang Zheng (两程故里) 2.3.2 Following the line of literature "Reflecting the nation" Continuing the critical spirit of Lu Xun, manifested in many different topics: the weakness of the intellectuals (The Odes of Songs), the traumatic spirit of the Cultural Revolution (The Four Books), the collapse of human life in the post-revolution period (Dream of Dinh Village, Shou Huo) 2.3.3 Absorbing the traditional narrative method - In terms of narrative art, the writer attaches importance to details, plot; paying attention to the emotional conflicts of the character and the "taste of the narrator" (A H Plaks) - His work follows a clear structure, coherent plot, outstanding character character, dramatic elements are included in the work 13 2.3.4 Reflecting the ideology of "Taosim" (道) -The influence of the Taoism ideology on the novels of Yan Lianke was systematically chained through the symbol of the mountain region ("Ba Lou system") appearing throughout many works Described as an ideal "digging ground" outside the world, the image of Balou originated from Zhuang Zi's "small nation" (small country with small population) of Zhuang Zi - To express the spirit of "beloved" that values the word "mother" of the Taoism, female characters in Yan Lianke’s novels are often "purified" or "idealized" -The Taoism ideology also affects the elements of "inner text" The imprint of binary thinking (yin/yang) can be found in real-time organization: reality - dreams, leave - return motifs, utopia/distopia spaces 2.4 The absorption and creation of Western Literature Yan Lianke’s novels 2.4.1 Acquiring modern Western novel techniques - Writers like Kafka, Juan Rulfo, Pedro Baramo, Marquez, Faulkner are more or less affecting the writings of Yan Lianke - In each novel, Yan Lianke is looking for different narrative methods to develop the story, such as: using the narrative of dead people, time of reverse (analepsis), mocking tactics (parody); at the same time, constantly experimenting with new forms of texts (using annotations, quotations, bold letters, mixing between modern dialects and languages, sexual languages and revolutionary languages ) 14 2.4.2 The influence of existentialism ideology - The concepts of existentialism: anxiety (angoisse), abandonment (délaissement), hopelessness (désespoir) all appear in the novels of Yan Lianke - The wild language and illogical events form the parable structure of the novels - The surreal tactics such as symbolization, rhetoric, absurdity, illusionization are used to describe a harsh living environment, radicalizing the state of existence CHAPTER NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE 3.1 The parable of narration and the de-rationalization of reality 3.1.1 Allegorized narration - In Yan Lianke’s novels, the parable is most profound in the political parables, typically Shouhuo Village - Writers often reuse classic motifs in old myths and Bibles in his works 3.1.2 Absurd narration -The “absurd narration” in Yan Lianke’s novelsis expressed through two aspects: the influence of the tradition of writing about the absurdity in Chinese literature, and the absorption of artistic tactics of Western irrational literature in the twentieth century - The “illogical” writing is based on the imagination of Yan Lianke, seemed to extend to limitlessness, still attached to a certain principle, that is “the intrinsic authenticity of fictional text” 15 3.2 Viewpoint and narrative structure 3.2.1 Diversify points of view Types of viewpoints that appeared in Yan Lianke's novel: - Limited outside point of view; - Limited third-person point of view; - Linear viewpoint; Multi viewpoint; - The ghosts viewpoint 3.2.2 Types of narrative structure - Time texture; - External structure; - Double structure; - Internal cause and effect structure; - Use comments to form the structure of a novel 3.3 Super fiction and distance narrative - “Metafiction” is a "novel about a novel" - The novels of Yan Lianke have the form of "super-fiction": Hard as Water, The Four Books, The Explosion Chronicles 3.4 Dreams like a narrative - Regarding “dreams” as a narrative, Zhao Yi Heng classified dream as one of the manifestations of “image mind narrative” (image narrative) - These novels took “self-image from mind” as the main theme in the Yan Lianke’s works: Emotional prison, The Dream of the YaoGou, Dream of Dinh Village, The Day the Sun Died 16 CHAPTER NARRATIVE DISCOURSE AND NOVELS’ LANGUAGE 4.1 Narrative discourse 4.1.1 Double discourse Double discourse, are two different forms of communication or expression that occur simultaneously In its simplest form, it is presented by a group of individuals in which two conversations occur at the same time On a larger scale, dual discourse can occur at the social and political level, when an individual or a group can come up with two ideas, two different statements In many novels of Yan Lianke, the form of two discourses appeared simultaneously, mixed in a text and became a feature of narrative art First, the discourse of revolution and sexuality This dual discourse throughout works: Serve the People, Hard as Water, The Four Books In these two novels, by depicting sex for the purpose of mocking, Yan Lianke built a soldier – farmer image in a very different way from the tradition of military fiction Secondly, the discourse of life and disease: The life discourse is linked to the discourse of disease as a reflection on the meaning of existence (Song of Balou, The Sunlit Years, ShouHuo, Dream of Dinh village Descriptions of life are actually associated with the actual “experience” of Yan Lianke when being sick; helping the writer to feel more deeply tragic of human life, painful memories, historical wounds on the Chinese body 17 4.1.2 Writing about politics in the post-Mao context - Some of the key words related to politics are “power”, “revolution”, “institution”, these words have become the nucleus of the structure of The Sunlit Years, Hard as Water, ShouHuo - Skepticism about China’s institutions, the spirit of reflecting the Chinese political system, and at the same time criticizing of leaders has become a dominant soundtrack in the political novels of Yan Lianke 4.1.3 “Distopia” as a narrative identity - Utopia, in the Yan Lianke’s perception, is an independent world outside the modern society (Shouhuo village, San Xing village, Ba Lou world) - In the works of Yan Lianke, we can realize the succession of two discourses: utopia discourse expressing the regressive spirit of the imaginational world; distopian discourse is present as a question of China's power and modernization process 4.2 Characteristics of novels’ language 4.2.1 Parodical language 4.2.1.1 Revolutionary parody - In the political parables of Yan Lianke, the symbol of the book “Chairman Mao” appeared many times for the purpose of mocking The use of this parodical tactic in addition to consciously re-criticizing Mao Zedong's ideological legacy, also has the significance of denying the literature of Mao's time of taking hierarchy and arts to serve politics - Both the novels Serve the People and Hard as Water are using the combined model: “revolution + sexuality” as a way of 18 parody In the Shouhuo Village, the parody of political power is emphasized through the construction of the character Liu Ying Que to depict a “typical” character for a Chinese-style power culture 4.2.1.2 Parodical genre - The expression of parody in the Yan Lianke’s novels: parody of poetry by combining various linguistic tactics such as creating rhymes, rhyming, applying rhetorical and parody-based poems, revolutionary parody/lyrics, Bible parody and diary parody, Shi Jing parody, He Nan opera, parody lice… - The classical literature in Yan Lianke’s novels is not intended to mock original texts or to laugh at classic patterns, in addition to defying prejudices, it creates a form of mixed discourse, thereby stimulating dialogue thinking, inviting diverse reading experiences from readers 4.2.1.3 Self-parody - While in Hard as Water, the author's shadow is mentioned only at the end of the novel through the title of the work, then in The Day the Sun Died, there was a direct mocking of the author, both an impersonal and indirect parody next - In The Explosion Chronicles, using the genre - a form of text that records historical facts with parodical purpose - Yan Lianke presented a new conception of post-modern history writing: Writing history is at the same time a fictional activity, history is now a textual roadmap, in which, super fiction is a text play, each story is a play that the author himself attend thanks to playing it (parody) 4.2.2 Using and creating dialects 4.2.2.1 Intention of re-establishing dialect status 19 With novels using the image of Ba Lou space as a background, Yan Lianke's writing has been modernized and mastered: Days, Months, Years, The Sunlitm Years, Song of Balou, Hard as Water, Shouhuo Village Simultaneously in this artistic space, the language in the Yan Lianke’s novels can be divided into two language systems: the language of the Ba Lou mountain area and the public language 4.2.2.2 Increase the lexicon dialect - Dialects in the novels of Yan Lianke are used continuously in many works, but for Shouhuo Village, the success in applying new dialects is really a breakthrough - In Shou Huo Village, the linguistic dialect of 方言 语气 词 is flexibly applied to create a specific climate zone for the work Phonetic words from dialect such as "哩", "啊", "了", "吧", "哟", "呢 ", "哦", "啦" with characteristics of the pronunciation and speech of the Yu Xi region, not only has the effect of rhetoric but also “soften” the language, conveying the state of life and consciousness of Ba Lou people The extensive use of these vocabulary words makes the work indigenous in style, increasing the musicality of the words The incursion of language - folklore into the language and culture of the local regions, creating the polyphonic nature and dialogue of different worlds that co-exist in the work 4.2.2.3 Express the characteristics of indigenous culture The application of the Yu Xi dialect has a great effect in expressing the state of existence and popular customs in the “Ba Lou world” 20 - In the early period, Yan Lianke has early introduced the Yu Xi dialects into his novels (Liang zheng gu li, Heng huo, Dou ji ) The increasing number of dialects in later novels creates a unique local taste of his works - In Shou Huo Village (2003), a large numbers of Yu Xi dialects were used, breaking the normal reading routine Not only limited to the use of available languages and dialects, the writer created a system of "Ba Lou dialect" (Yu Xi dialect) in the Shou Huo world, based on the text to create social context and storyline CONCLUSION When putting realism into the context of Chinese culture and literature and the world’s one, we realize that “Mythorealism” has an absorption of indigenous cultural characteristics, the tradition of Chinese narrative, as well as rationally and creatively applying the achievements of modern Western literature Although Yan Lianke affirmed, the long-term domination of realism will become a “burial of literature”, but this drastic attitude does not mean that the author supported anti-realism, but he realized that the routine of realism prevented the development of Chinese literature “Mythorealism” refutes the simple reflection of reality, hoping to use the tactics of surrealism to express “unseen truth” and “non-existent truth” The greatest value of “mythorealism” is that it has bravely broken the method of writing of traditional realism, creating a new form of realism “Mythorealism” emphasizes the authenticity of the soul and the spirit of the writer, directing readers to think about the meaning of existence and depth of social - historcal issues “Mythorealism” has a rich imagination and capacity to create new structures; besides 21 borrowing and reconciling many elements of fanciful realism, Western modernism, it is still rooted in Chinese soil, characterized by Chinese culture “Mythorealism” is thus a form of localized surrealism Its formation brought new contributions in contemporary Chinese literature Although there are relatively new interpretations, it must be affirmed that “Mythorealism” is not a new theory In contemporary Chinese literature, “Mythorealism” is not enough to convince all readers, but to a certain extent it inspires writers to abandon the shackles of thought of realistic routines, actively learn and apply the achievements of Western modernismliterature, enriching their indigenous literature In each work, Yan Lianke is always looking for a new way of telling, new modes of expression consistent with artistic intention, and consistent with the concept of “Mythorealism” that he pursues In addition to maintaining elements of the traditional narrative method, the Yan Lianke’s novels also refracted the Taoism ideology, and were influenced by Western existential philosophy in a spirit of skepticism, a look of melancholy, an existential consciousness and thoughts about essence The world of Ba Lou is built in the novel of Yan Lianke which is a model of Utopia world isolated from social life – an unreal world outside of life, in which the transition from utopia to distopia hidden for the transition process of social history In exploiting sensitive issues such as the Cultural Revolution, the Great Leap Forward, the transformations of the postrevolutionary economy, power relations in the countryside Yan Lianke had a logical choice - using the “irrationalization” and 22 “parable” methods to express social reality In addition, other creations of narrative techniques (ghost point of view, diversification of textures, super fiction) bring new features to the art of Yan Lianke’s novels From the system of his novels, the different plots and structures are used by Yan Lianke's through different types of viewpoints, which appear at high frequency in the system of novels as an outside viewpoint and the viewpoint of the first character In addition to the traditional viewpoints mentioned above, in order to promote the imagination, he also used the viewpoints of ghosts to maximize the effectiveness of the “wild narrative” Located in the narrative aspect, the structure of the novels is an artistic element specially employed by Yan Lianke Most novels written at a later period have a unique structure Hard as Water, Shou Huo are both bilinear structure, forming two layers of polyphonic narrative Shouhuo Village uses two different forms of “main content” and “reference” to arrange the form of the texts The Sunlit Years has a reverse structure In particular, there appeared the form of super-fiction in The Explosion Chronicles, The Four Books, The Day the Sun Died, and Hard as Water; this form of superfiction is expressed in its local or full form, thereby creating inter-textuality version of the novel system In many novels of Yan Lianke, the form of two discourses appearing simultaneously, mixed in a text becoming a feature of narrative art This double discourse includes: a pair of revolution sexuality discourse and a pair of life and disease Through double discourses and mocking tactics (including revolutionary parodies, genre parodies and self-parodies), Yan Lianke expressed the spirit of 23 breaking the traditional narratives, explaining the image of the soldier in revolutionary literature, recognizing and questioning the history while promoting the process of changing the pattern of thinking about the history of Chinese literature in the new age Yan Lianke's efforts are not outside the purpose of fighting the “loss of voice” of the Chinese nation, the Chinese language Influenced by the Taoism ideology, the Utopian discourse in Yan Lianke's novels depicts the regressive spirit of the imaginational world, while the utopian counterpoint exists as a skeptical question with China's power system and modernization process From the rhetorical aspect of language, using and creating dialects has also become a unique aspect of the art of fiction Yan Lianke used dialects as a writing standpoint, expressing the sense of “reverting” and imprinting his own language style The dialects in Yan Lianke's novels manifested through the use of words, sentences, phonics and dialects; the writer used the available dialects, while creating his own dialect layers of the Ba Lou world, contributing to enrich the stockpile of Chinese vocabulary Within the scope of the dissertation, we have only been able to provide an overview of the art of Yan Lianke’s novels The in-depth analysis of each novel has been conducted and will be done in further studies Yan Lianke's creative path of writing is still long and promising That means the researcher also need to be constantly active to be able to accompany the author 24 ... Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, From utopia to dystopia: narrative discourse in Yan Lianke’s novel “Shouhuo Village”, Journal of Literary Studies, No (571), 9/2019, p59-71 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (translated),... 2019 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Yan Lianke: From conception to the practice of Mythorealism, Journal of Literary Studies, No.11 (561), November 2018, p.109-221 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Point of view and... (58), 3/2019, p122-127 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (translated), The writer's path (Yan Lianke), Literature and Arts Newspaper, No 14/2018, pp.10 Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh (2016), Yan Lianke - Pioneering latecomer,