Những nhân tố tác động đến quyết định tham dự đấu thầu gói thầu dịch vụ tư vấn giám sát thi công xây dựng công trình của nhà thầu tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION Rationale and objectives of the thesis Implementing the Resolution of the 6th National Party Congress taking place in Hanoi capital from December 15 to December 18, 1986, our State has developed and implemented many new policies on socio-economic management Those policies are aimed at gradually eliminating the bureaucratic and subsidized centralized management mechanism to replace it with a market-oriented economy management mechanism under the State's management In that context, in the field of procurement of goods, services and construction of works, our State has quickly absorbed and transformed the management mechanism from the "planned allocation" to the implementation " Regulation on bidding "in order to gradually eliminate the" asking for "mechanism to switch to the implementation of a healthy competition mechanism, creating opportunities for capable bidders to participate in the bidding Through observing biddings for consultancy service bidding packages from 2014 to 2016, the researcher knew that when the bid solicitors called capable bidders to participate many consultancy service bidding packages, initially there have many bidders registering to participate these bid packages However, by the time of bid closure, there had only a few contractors actually submitted their bid dossiers Moreover, according to the results of the researcher overview of research works published in the world and in the country, there are currently research gap: there are no research projects in basic and topical science “Factors affecting contractors' decision making to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages in Vietnam” to help contractors correctly assess the impact factors to make correct decision to attend the project In addition, it is necessary to assess and identify the barriers to ongoing bidding participation in Vietnam to recommend relevant State management agencies on bidding to adjust and revise regulations, institutions to create favorable environment to support having more bidders to participate in free biddings Therefore, the PhD candidate decides to complete the research work with the name as “Factors affecting contractors’ decision making to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages” in Hanoi, Vietnam The research aimed to get following objectives: - Overview models, research works of affacting bid participation desision of contractors in the world and in Vietnam as a basis for proposing a research model of the thesis - Propose research model, hypotheses, testing and evaluating model of factors affecting the bidding contractors’ decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages in Hanoi, Vietnam - Propose solutions and recommendations for the State Management Agencies on bidding and for the investors, bidders, bid solicitors to prevent bad situations, to improve biddings for construction supervision packages in order to encourage bidding participation of bidders for construction supervision packages Research scopes - Research object: Factors affecting bidding organizational contractors’ decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages - Geographical scope: The thesis collected secondary data about biddings for consultancy servive packages in general, biddings for construction supervision packages, in particular in Vietnam as well as in Hanoi, Vietnam The primary data included organizational bidders’ surveys and the scientists’ and the specilaists’ in-depth interviews were collected in Hanoi capital of Vietnam - Time scope: The secondary data about status of biddings for consultancy service packages and biddings for construction supervision packages were collected from 2014 to 2017 The primary data collected from organizationa bidders’ surveys and the indepth interviws with the scientists, the specialists and the organizational bidders were gathered from April 2017 to March 2019 Research methodology The study has applied a combination of qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods, combining secondary data collection and primary data collection for analysis and synthesis according to the research process The detail research methods were described in the introduction and chapter of the thesis New contributions of the thesis The thesis had new following contributions: - Adding new idea in order to improve the difinition of “conttactors’ decision to participate in bidding” for being more suitable to Vietnam bidding environment that are different from previous research works This is the basis for the study and for the level Likert’s appliance; - Proposing, testing and establshing a model to evaluate “factors affecting bidding contractors’ decision to participate in biddings for construction supervision packages in Hanoi capital with statistical reliability accepted (including a new factor with new scales); - Analyzing and clearly describing the impact of these factors in the current practice in bidding for bidding packages of construction supervision in Hanoi capital Finding limitations and defects that negatively affect the bidding participation in bidding packages of construction supervision of organizational contractors; - Proposing solutions and recomendations to promote the contractors’s decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages in Hanoi capital in particular and in nationawide in general The thesis structure The thesis is structured in chapters: Chapter 1: Research overview Chapter 2: Theoretical background on factors affecting contractors’ decision making to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages Chapter 3: Research design and research implementation Chapter 4: Research results on factors affecting contractors’ decision making to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages Chapter 5: Research results discussion and recommendations CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Overview of research works 1.1.1 Previous research works in the world 1.1.1.1 Basic theories for the research One of the most important theory is referred by the candidate is the texbook named “Management and Organizational behaviour” of professor Laurie J Mullins This texbook was published in 2017 by the Portsmouth Business School, England According to Professor Laurie J Mullins, running an organization where there have individuals and small groups working together, however they act as a unified unit in which the head or authorized person plays the role center They are responsible for the decision making of the whole organization From the perspective of Professor Laurie J Mullins, the decision of an organization is the decision of the legal representative with two aspects (organization and individual) They are not separated The organization aspect of an organization’s decision are the organizational attributes that the decision maker represents The decisions they make are based on the organization's impact as expectation of the organization, its capacity or its policies and its management mechanisms The individual aspect of an organization’s decision are decision maker atributes such as the decision-maker’s chance of success or failure as well as the benefits they can get from the decision they make Thoeries of factors affecting individual behavior and organization action are read and reffered for the research such as “Theory of Reasoned Action – TRA”, “Theory of Planned Behavior – TPB”, “Technology Acceptance Model – TAM.” 1.1.1.2 Relevent previous research works closer to the thesis Many research works about “factors affecting bid/ no bid decision of contractors” in the world are reffered such as research work of Anna Zarkada-Fraser (2000); research work of Adnan Enshassi, Sherif Mohamed Ala’a El Karrit (2005); research work of M Ravanshadnia, H Rajaire and H R Abbasian (2011) The research work was implemented by Anna Zarkada Fraser (2000) identified factors and 25 scales affecting the bid/ no bid decision of the contractors in Australia including: (1) The attractiveness of the bidding packages; (2) Contractor's expectations; (3) Laws; (4) Values and beliefs; (5) Perceptions of decision makers; (6) Regulations and sanctions; (7) Ethical standards and professionalism The research work was published by Adnan Enshassi, Sherif Mohamed Ala’a El Karrit in 2005 with the topic “Factors affecting bid/no bid decision in Gaza Strip Constractors’ perspectives” identified groups of factors including 72 scales/ variables affecting bid/no bid decision of contractors for construction packages at Gaza Strip, Palestine Four groups of factors include: (group 1) Factors related to the contractor (18 impact variables); (Group 2) Factors related to the bid solicitor, the investor (21 impact variables); (Group 3) Factors belonging to the bidding packages (18 impact variables) and (Group 4) External business environment factors (15 impact variables) The research work was published by M Ravanshadnia, H Rajaire and H R Abbasian (2011) indentified groups of factors with 25 scales/ variables affecting bid/no bid decision for construction companies These groups of factors include Group 1: Organizational considerations in bidding; Group 2: Project Charasteristics; Group 3: Risk; Group 4: Finalcial considerations; And group 5: Other considerations The relevant previous research works referred are close to the candidate research topic They have used contractor survey method with 5-level Likert scale However, they did not test variables to indentify reliability of factors They also did not used regression analysis method to find out relationships between factors (independent variables) and dependent factor (bid/no bid decision of contractors to participate in bidding for goods, constructions, consultancies They used Relative Importance Index to identify important impact orders of variables from the highest importance to the lowest importance affecting contractor’s bid/no bid decision to participate in biddings for goods, constructions, consultancies These previous research works considered the decision whether or not to participate in bidding for bidding package as a dependent variable and they dit not verify the reliability of the dependent variable 5 The difference of the research work of Anna Zarkada-Fraser (2000) from other previous research works is the seventh factor named “Ethical standards and professionalism” used in the study of Anna Zarkada-Fraser However, in the study of Anna Zarkada-Fraser (2000), he did not consider the factor “Contractor’ capacity and experience” as factor in his research model This factor used in the research model of almost researchers in the world In order to measure the factor "capacity, experience of the contractor” of the research work of the authors M Ravanshadnia, H Rajaie and H R Abbasian (2011) only mentioned variables The research work of the authors Adnan Enshassi, Sherif Mohamed and Ala’a El Karrit (2005) introduced variables The research work of the author Jaakko Lemberg (2013) presented variables Followings are variables drawn from previous studies used in the candidate research: (1) Competitive advantages of contractors; (2) Finalcial capacity of contractors; (3) Technical and professional competence of the contractors; (4) experience in performing contracts/bidding packages; and (5) Idle capacity of the contractors The relevent previous studies on factors affecting bid/no bid decision of contractors to participate in bidding for bidding packages used evaluation tool to analyze the difference between contractor’s groups indentified by charasteristics of the contractor’s groups such as types of contractors and sizes of contractors They are basis for proposed model used to identify factors, variables for the candidate thesis 1.1.2 Relevent previous research works in Vietnam Many legal documents of the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on bidding have been studied by the PhD student as the basis for grasping the nature of bidding concepts and regulations Many scientific research projects, doctoral theses related to bidding in Vietnam have referred by the researcher such as the PhD thesis of PhD student Nguyen Thi Tiep (1999) with the topic "Completing the bidding regime in construction works" of the National road traffic in Vietnam”; Doctoral thesis of PhD student Nguyen Chi Thanh (2003) with the topic "A number of solutions to improve the competitiveness in the transportation construction corporations"; Doctoral thesis of PhD student Tran Van Hung with the topic "Improving the quality of bidding for transportation construction works in Vietnam" completed in 2006 The comon feature of the all the research works referred above is that: they have studied about biddings, however they did not study bidding for bidding packages of construction supervision Many previous studies on the factors affecting the behavior of individuals and organizations have been read and referred by the author such as the study named "Evaluating factors affecting the success of Vietnamese entrepreneurs" by two authors Nguyen Thanh Ha and Nguyen Thanh Hieu published in the Journal of Economics and Development, The National Economics University, No 227 (II), May 2016; The study named "Some factors affecting the interest in voluntary social insurance participation of small traders in Nghe An province" by Nguyen Xuan Cuong, Nguyen Xuan Tho and Ho Huy Tuu published in the Economics and Business Science magazine, Hanoi National University, Volume 30, No (2014), pages 36 – 45 The above mentioned research works studied the factors affecting the behavior of consumers or the organization, however they did study to other activities rather than the decision to participate in bidding for service packages, construction supervision of contractors 1.2 The research gaps This research indentified three research gaps as followings: - The previous research works published in the world and in the country have studied on bidding, however there have no research works has been studied to the object of "deciding to participate in bidding for the construction supervision package of contractors" - The previous research works in the world and in the country have studied the "factors affecting the bidders' decision to participate in bidding" such as in Europe, Australia, Palestine, however there has not been any project researching on "factors affecting bidding contractors' decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision consultancy services" in Vietnam and especially organized in Hanoi capital - There have not been any previous studies in the world and in the country that mentioned the factor "bidding information of competitive contractors" affecting the decision of yes / no participation in bidding This is a new factor and this new point is usually mentioned by contractors in Vietnam when they have to consider conditions to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages Theoretical background on factors affecting contractors’ decision making to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTOR’S DECISION MAKING TO PARTICIPATE IN BIDDING FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION PACKAGES 2.1 Bidding and terms used in bidding and bidding for construction supervision packages 2.1.1 Bidding and classification of biddings according to the objects of bidding According to researchers in the world, "Bidding" is a process of "open competition" among suppliers, sellers (called contractors) of products, works, services, projects to be undertaking works, services, projects or selling goods to agencies and organizations (called investors or bid solicitors) on the basis of ensuring and complying with the principles of competition and fairness, transparency and economic efficiency (Abbulrahman Salem Bageis Chris Fortune, 2009) Bidding, considered by the objects of bidding, there are following types of bidding: bidding for goods procurement; bidding for construction and installation of works (hereinafter referred to as construction bidding); bidding for consultancy service bidding packages (including bidding packages of construction supervision and consultancy services); bidding for non-advisory service bidding packages and bidding for mixed bidding packages 2.1.2 Characteristics of the construction supervision packages Comparing to goods procurement and construction and installation bidding packages, construction supervision and consultancy bidding packages have a number of common characteristics of consultancy service bidding packages, including: Firstly, construction supervision and consultancy bidding packages are intangible activities that includes providing knowledge and experience to perform the assigned tasks Secondly, the package of construction supervision consultancy is a difficult service to evaluate the results Comparing with other consultancy service bidding packages such as bidding packages for making technical designs and construction drawings, bidding packages for making bidding dossiers, bidding packages for construction supervision also have their own characteristics that are: Firstly, construction supervision activities are always associated with the construction process Secondly, the construction supervision activities must be based on the basis of deep expertise and need specific skills 2.1.3 Some terminology used in bidding, bidding for construction supervision packages When conducting bidding for a package of construction supervision and consultancy services, common terms such as the bid solicitor, bidding package price, bid price, winning bid price, etc are commonly used That term has been specified by law Regarding to bidding for a construction supervision package, there are a few specific terms such as "consultancy service bidding package" of construction supervision, "consultancy contractor" in ỏder to controll and monitor construction The term "bidding service package" is used in the case of a bidding package for consultancy on construction supervision or bidding packages for training consultancy, consultancy for setting up new bidding dossiers, etc The term "consultancy contractor" is used when referring to contractors participating in bidding packages of construction supervision and consultancy services bidding packages and other consultancy service bidding packages such as training consultancy, consultancy Consulting on bidding document preparation, etc The term "Consultant" is the term used for individuals, professional officials who perform the supervision consultancy of construction works assigned by consultancy contractors in their bid dossiers 2.1.4 General bidding process and the concept of “Contractor’s decision to participate in bidding for bidding package” 2.1.4.1 General bidding process The general bidding process includes the following steps: (1) Preparation for bidding; (2) Organizing the bidding: In this step, on the bidder's side, they collect information about the bidding package; purchase bidding documents / request documents; prepare bid dossiers / bid proposals to meet the requirements of the bidding documents / request for proposals; submit bid dossiers / bid proposals before the time of bid closure to the bid solicitor; (3) Opening bids and evaluating bid dossiers / bid proposals; (4) Contract negotiation; (5) Submit for evaluation, approval and publicity of bidding results; and (6) Finalizing and signing contracts 9 2.1.4.2 The concept of “Contractor’s decision to participate in bidding for bidding package” Different researchers have come up with different concepts about the contractor’s decision to pảticipate in bid for bidding packages According to Anna Zarkada-Fraser (2000), the concept of “contractor’s decision to pảticipate in bid for bidding packages” understood as a "yes" or "no" decision to agree to enter into a closed contract of the contractor's representative with partners such as the investor, bid solicitors or other contractors' representatives to win bids This author Anna Zarkada-Fraser did not provide any evidence of the decision to participate in the decision to participate in bidding Three scientists Adnan Enshassi, Sherit Mohamed and Ala'a El Karriri (2005) of The Islamic University of Gara (IUG), Palestin said that the contractor’s decision to participate in bid is understood as a "yes" or "no” decision to participate in bidding for construction package of contractor These three authors have justified the decision that bidders bought bidding documents, made bid dossiers and submitted bid dossiers before the time of bid closure The above views of the three scientists on the decision to participate in the bidding include: (1) the decision "yes" or "no" to participate in the bidding and (2) justify the decision to participate in the bidding The limitation of this group's concept is not to mention who decides, however they only said that the contractors decide generally Jaakko Lemberg, author of the University of Twente, The Netherlands (2013) said that “A bidder's decision to participate in a bid is to answer "yes" or "no" to bidding for a bidding package that has been notified by the head of the organization's bidder (possibly an authorized person) With Jaakko Lemberg's perspective, the contractor's decision to bid is to determine whether or not to attend a bidding package Jaakko Lemberg also said that the decision to bid or not belongs to the head of the contractor (or the authorized person) By analyzing the different perspectives of scientists with in-depth study of bidding in the world, through the provisions of Vietnamese law, the author of the dissertation supplements to complete the full concept of bidder's decision to attend bidding as follows: "The decision to participate in biding for a bidding package of contractor is the affirmation of "yes" or "no" to participate in bidding for bidding package of the head of the contractor (or an authorized person) This affirmation is expressed by the bid participation registration and the bidding dossier has been submitted to the bid solicitor before the time of bid closure.” Through the author proposed concept, we can see that the bid participation 10 decision of the contractor is expressed through: (1) the confirmation of "yes" or "no" to participate in bidding for bidding package; (2) the confirmation is issued by the head (or authorized person) of the organizational bidder; and ensuring that such decision is registered to participate in bidding for bidding packages and to submit bid dossiers before the time of bidding closure 2.2 Proposed model to the thesis “Factors affecting bidding contractors’ decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages 2.2.1 Proposed model to the thesis The chart 2.1 represents the proposed model to the thesis The attractiveness of bidding package Expectations of the contractor Capacity and experience of the contractor Rules and bonuses Contractors’s decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages Laws Values and beliefs Intuition of the decision maker Variables related to features of organizational bidders and of decision makers Bidding participation information of contractors Chart 2.1: Proposed model to the thesis Surce: The author’s proposal 2.2.2 Scales To measure the impact of factors, the author has analyzed, synthesized and proposed the use of 32 measuring scales for factors Among them is the new factor "Information of bid registration of contractors" with scales proposed by the thesis 11 For the dependent variable, the application of 01 scale was used by author Jaakko Lemberg (2013) in hí research work In order to measure the control variables, the research work of the PhD student has applied two groups of scales including the group of variables that reflect the impact of the organization (size, type of business) and the group of variables that reflect the characteristics of decision makers – the legal representatives of the organizational bidders (gender, age) 2.2.3 Research hypotheses The proposed model developed with following hypotheses that they have to be evaluated, tested: Hypothesis H1: The "attractiveness of the bidding package" factor has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a construction supervision bidding package Hypothesis H2: The "contractor's expectation" factor has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a bidding package of construction supervision services Hypothesis H3: The factor "capability, experience of the contractor" has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a construction supervision bidding package Hypothesis H4: The factor "regulations and bonuses" has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a construction supervision service package Hypothesis H5: The factor "laws" has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a project package of construction supervision service Hypothesis H6: The factor "values and beliefs" has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a project package of construction supervision service Hypothesis H7: The factor "intuition of decision maker" has a positive impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a project package of construction supervision service Hypothesis H8: The factor "bidding participation information of contractors" has a negative impact on the contractor's decision to participate in bidding for a project package of construction supervision service 12 CHAPTE 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 Qualitative research methods 3.1.1 Objectives of qualitative research methods The qualitative research methods used in this thesis aims to accomplish four main goals: (1) getting agreement on factors and scales for each factor for the entire research proposal; (2) Completing and improving the scales and completing the questionnaire for quantitative research; (3) Getting and summarizing bidders’ opinions on the status of biddings, participating in the biddings of the bidders; and (4) Gathering contractor's opinions about successes, limitations and causes of successes and limitations in the past time when they participated in bidding for construction supervision packages 3.1.2 Qualitative research methods applied Two qualitative research methods are appied in this thesis: 3.1.2.1 Study to get opinions of 50 contractors 50 contractors who participated and won bidds for construction supervision in 2017 were studied based on the designed questionnaires 3.1.2.2 In-depth interviews scientists and bidding specialists There had scientists and bidding specialists interviewed They were working as lecturers at the National Economics University, Foreign Trade University and were working at some organizations They participated in bidding and winning bidding packages of consultancy serices in Hanoi They are scientists who have research works that is directly or indirectly related to the research area of this thesis Among them, there had a number of contractor representatives who allowed the author of this thesis to directly participate in the preparation of bids to participate in tendering from 2010 to 2017 3.1.3 Qualitative research implementation and results 3.1.3.1 Inproving factors and scales from studies of 50 contractors Firstly, about the impact factors, according to the results of interviews with 40 contractor representatives (80% expected), there are factors in the research model that have received absolute agreement (100% agree to work) There are two factors with a relatively high consensus rate, the "Regulations and bonuses" factor with a consensus rate of 87.5%, the factor "values and beliefs" with a consensus rate of 85% Particularly, the factor "Capacity and experience of the contractor" with 27 contractors (accounting for 67.5%) agreed that it affects the bidders' 13 decision to participate in bidding packages According to the above results, Phd student decided to put all factors into the model and questionnaires to quantitative research in the next steps Secondly, about scales/indicators, followings are results: - There are 22 scales/indicators associated with factors with 100% concurrence that they affect the decision to participate in the bidding package mentioned Among 22 scales/indicators above, contractors proposed: (1) Combining the two scales and under the factor "Contractor's expectation" into a scale with the common name "desire to promote and build good relationships with the Investor/Bid solicitor and related individuals" with 22/40 contractors recommended (2) Remove the scale / indicator "Information about bidding lists" in factor because it is considered that this is the content of factor This second proposal has 23/40 contractors recommended - With 10 scales/indicators corresponding to the remaining three factors including scales for the factor "capability, experience of the contractor"; scales for factor "rules and bonuses"; and scales of factor "values and beliefs" with consensus rates of 67.5%, 87.5% and 85%, respectively - There are 25/40 contractors proposed changing the scale "Having competitive advantages compared to other contractors" under the factor "Capacity and experience of the contractor" to "Satisfaction of specific requirements in the dossier” 3.1.3.2 Improving scales based on the scientists and bidding specialists in-depth interview’s results The following are the results of consultation of experts: Firstly, they agree with the ideas: (1) Combinning scales of and under the factor "Contractor's expectation" into a scale Therefore, the factor "Contractor's expectation" has remaining scales; (2) Eliminating scale of factor "Bidding information of tender packages of contractors" Thus, the factor has remaining scales; (3) Correctting the name of the scale / indicator No of the factor "Capacity, experience of bidding participation of the contractor" closely to the conditions of Vietnam Thus, after qualitative research, the shortened model of factors with 30 scales was completed to carry out the next quantitative study Secondly, bidding experts and scientists have provided many ideas to help PhD students in shaping and corecting scientifically scales to complete the 14 questionnaires to conduct extensive sociological surveys in Ha Noi capital 3.2 Quantitative research design and gathering data 3.2.1 Ensuring objectives of quantitative research Quantitative research was conducted for three objectives: (1) To collect data to test and form an official research model; (2) To measure and explain the impact of factors, the boundaries to the bidder's decision on participation in bidding packages of construction supervision consultancy; (3) To analyze and measure the relationship between the dependent variable (the contractor's decision to participate in the bid for construction supervision packages) and the independent variables are the impact factors 3.2.2 Designing questionnaires for contractor’s survey The completion of questionnaires used for sociological surveys was conducted by PhD students in consultation with scientists and bidding experts 3.2.3 Determining sample size of the survey - The entire object of the study The entire object of the study is the total of businesses, agencies and units that have the legal representatives had participatted in the bidding for consultancy services packages as well as for construction supervision packages and wish to participate in these bidding package organized in Hanoi capital in the future - The sample size of the survey Applying the formulas developed by scientists around the world and in the country, two different sample scale levels are calculated: (1) Based on the formula given by Assoc Prof Dr Ngo Van Thu (2005) with 95% confidence, the sample size of the study is 245 contractors or more; (2) Based on the formula published by Hair, J F and his colleagues mentioned in "Multivariate Data Analysis" published in 1998, the minimum sample size is 200 contractors The PhD student aims to have a number of contractors studied with over 245 valid bidders 3.2.4 Sellecting contractors to survey from the entire object of the study The method of selecting the elements in the above-mentioned study is applied based on the "systematic sampling method" mentioned by the authors Assoc Prof Dr Le Cong Hoa and Assoc Prof Dr.Nguyen Thanh Hieu (2012) According to this sampling method, the list of 15,031 contractors registered to participate in bidding in Hanoi capital with the Bidding Management Department of the Ministry of Planning and Investment and has been reviewed and approved for the legal entity status to participate in bidding from 17th November, 2010 to 15 the 11th May, 2017 is the basis for the selection Elements belonging to the author's research sample are contractors in the list with ordinal numbers: 10, 20, 30, 40, , 15,030 A total of 1,503 contractors were selected to collect survey data for quantitative analysis 3.2.5 Distributing and getting questionnaire survey The completed questionnaire survey has been sent to 1,503 identified contractors in various forms: mailing, appointment to see each other and courier (one questionnaire survey per one contractor) The result has received 286 responses, of which 272 valid responses 3.2.6 Data analyzing The data collected from the questionnaire survey has been synthesized and analyzed based on the software is a statistic tool SPSS 22 to make general points and findings The detailed tools applied on SPSS 22.0 software include: (1) Implementing Exploring Factor Analysis (EFA) to eliminate random variables; (2) Evaluating Chronbach’s Alpha reliability by applying Reliability Testing Scales; (3) Implementing Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA to confirm believable and practical value of scales; (4) Testing Pearson correlation and testing research hypothesis; (5) implementing multiple regression analysis MRA and (6) One-Way ANOVA variance analysis CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS FOR FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTORS’ DECISION TO PARTICIPATE IN BIDDING FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION PACKAGES 4.1 Overview of biddings for consutancy services packages, construction supervision packages organized in Vietnam and in Hanoi The study of this topic was conducted in the context of bidding activities for consultancy service packages, for construction supervision packages organized in the the country and in Hanoi recently, especially in 2015 to 2017 This status is depicted in the picture below 4.1.1 Bidding for consultancy service packages take place vibrantly and is constantly increasing at a rapid speed over the years 4.1.2 Consulting service bidding packages are organized across the country covering many different areas of consultancy services, in which bidding for construction supervision accounts for a high proportion 16 4.1.3 Bidding packages on consultancy services, construction supervision packages are not of high value, in which bidding packages worth from 200 million dong or less account for about 55% to 65% in quantity 4.1.4 The competitiveness of the bidding for consultancy service packages is not high, most of the bidding winning results are equal to the bidding prices, the savings in bidding are still low 4.1.5 Bidding structure of bidding packages of construction supervision in Hanoi has changed with the appearance and increase of new fields associated with the development of the technology era 4.0 4.2 Research results for factors affecting contractors’ decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages in Hanoi 4.2.1 Respondent profile Of the 286 survey responses with a low response rate of only 19.03%, there were 272 valid responses a) About the geographical location of the contractor: 68.8% are contractors from 12 city districts, 29.7% from 18 province districts of Hanoi capital 1.5% are contractors from neighboring provinces of Hanoi such as Ha Nam province, Ha Bac province, Bac Giang province b) Regarding the bidding participation: All 272 contractors who responded to the valid questionnaires (100%) had participated in bidding for consultancy service packages, of which 237 contractors had attended the bidding for construction supervision packages (accounting for 87.1%) Only 35 contractors have never participated in bidding for construction supervision packages (accounting for 12.9%) c) Regarding the "position" of the respondents: 40.8% of the respondents are the "head" of the contractors, and the rest are "authorized persons" at the rate of 59.2% d) About the gender of the survey respondents: Out of 272 representatives of contractors who answered the questionnaire, 204 were male, accounting for 75% 78 respondents of the survey were women, accounting for 25% e) About the age of respondents: The age structure of contractors participating in the survey is: 60.7% of the middle-aged age group from 40 to 50 years old, the elderly group from over 50 years old accounted for 30.9%, the younger group under 40 years old accounted for 8.5% 4.2.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA, Reliability Testing for scales and Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA 17 4.2.2.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) After two rounds for applying EFA analysis, the final results in a shortened model consisting of factors with 23 scales affecting the contractors’ decision to participate in bidding for construction supervision packages with KMO coefficient of 0.807 greater than 0.5, less than 1.0 with the significance level as Sig = 0.000