Thuật ngữ ngân hàng trong tiếng anh và tương đương của chúng trong tiếng việt tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DO HANH DUNG BANKING TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN VIETNAMESE Major: Comparative Linguistics Code: 9.22.20.24 PHD THESIS IN LINGUISTICS Hanoi – 2019 The Works is completed at: VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Science Instructor: ASSOC PROF, PHD HA QUANG NANG Reviewer 1: PROF, PHD NGUYEN HOA Reviewer 2: ASSOC PROF, PHD VU KIM BANG Reviewer 3: ASSOC PROF, PHD NGUYEN HONG CON The Thesis will be defensed in front of the Academy-level PhD thesis evaluation council held at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi At … on …/…/201… The thesis can be found at: - The National Library - Academy’s Faculty Library INTRODUCTION Reasons to choose the topic The terminology has long been an extremely important and indispensable topic in the formation and development of vocabulary of each language In the current globalization context, along with the development of language, the terminology obviously plays a key role, meeting with the continuous growth of science and technology Located in the context of regionalization and globalization, Vietnam is also in the period of innovation, developing a socialist-oriented market economy with the regulation of the state The banking system in general contributes an important part in the development of all related industries Along with the development of the banking industry is the birth and development of related terms By selecting the topic "Banking terminology in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese", the thesis will explore in depth the origin of formulation, identification characteristics, equivalent types of banking terms in English and Vietnamese, aiming to create a high-quality reference source for students and lecturers in the banking faculty and make certain contributions to the process of standardizing Vietnamese language banking terms, promoting the development of potential internal resources of the integrating economy Purpose and research tasks of the thesis 2.1 Purpose of the research This study was conducted for the following two purposes: - Describing, reconciling and systematizing English and Vietnamese banking terms to clarify the characteristics of formulation and semantic identifier - From the situation when translating Vietnamese banking terms, the thesis has proposed a number of specific orientations and measures to support the construction and standardization of banking terms as well as for teaching, learning, drafting and translating banking documents more effectively 2.2 Research tasks - Systematizing the theoretical situation of research on terminology in the world and in Vietnam, thereby determining the basis for research - Studying the formulation of banking terms in English and Vietnamese, identifying the types of models that combine language elements to create banking terms in English and Vietnamese - Studying identification characteristics of banking terms in both English - Vietnamese languages such as: formation path, semantic type and way of expression - Identifying equivalent types of translation and analysizing equivalent translation of banking terms as per the number of units Research object and scope of the thesis The object of the thesis is the expression terms for the concepts used in the banking industry, specifically 2710 English banking terms and 2790 Vietnamese banking terms Methodology and research methods of the thesis Since the object of the research is English and Vietnamese banking terms, we advocate using the following research methods and tactics: 4.1 Direct element analysis method Direct element analysis method is used to identify and analyze terminological formulation basis To apply this method, each term is analyzed into two direct language elements Next, these elements are further subdivided into smaller direct elements Thereby, the hierarchical model of the term is determined the relationship between the direct elements in each level as well as the relationship between the major elements directly creating the term 4.2 Descriptive method This method is used to describe the formulation characteristics of each term, helping us know the elements that make up banking terms, the origin and type characteristics of each element as well as their formulation models From that, it helps us identify the characteristics of banking terms in terms of formulation, identification as well as orientation on how to form new terms 4.3 Comparison method In this research, we use a one-way English-Vietnamese reconciliation method In order to that, we chose English as the base language (source language) and Vietnamese as the means language (target language), to respectively compare equivalent types so that we could find out similarities and differences among them In addition to using the three above analytical methods, we also use statistical tactics to list the quantity, frequency and rate of using terms in each category as well as certain identifier characteristics of banking terms in both languages The theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis The thesis has practical contributions in terms of theory and practice as follows: 5.1 Theoretically: - The thesis clearly identifies the similarities and differences in the formation path as well as the formualation method of banking terms in both English and Vietnamese - The thesis also points out the formulation characteristics of English banking terms and their equivalents in Vietnamese Research results will contribute to the construction of general theory of terminology and the theory of standards and standardization of terms - Through research on the equivalent translation of banking terminology in both languages, we will contribute to clarifying the general arguments of internationalization of banking terms in the new era 5.2 Practically Research results of the thesis will contribute to the compilation and revision of teaching materials, and study of specialized banking English Thereby it improves the quality of teaching and learning banking English at Foreign Trade University in particular and domestic educational training institutions in general Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references and appendices, the thesis consists of chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation and theoretical bases Chapter 2: Formulation characteristics of banking terms in English and equivalents in Vietnamese Chapter 3: Identifier characteristics of English banking terms, their equivalents in Vietnamese and standardized proposals Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION AND THEORETICAL BASES 1.1 Overview of research situation 1.1.1 Situation of terminology research in the world and Vietnam 1.1.1.1 Studying terminology and specialized terms in the world The study of the terminology in the world is associated with three schools: Austrian terminology school: Notably, there are Wuster's (1931) debates about systematizing terminology study methods, giving some principles when using terminology and pointing out main points of terminology data processing method Leo Weisgeber (1975) said that this is an important work and a turning point of applied linguistics The terminology school of the Czech Republic: It can be said that the school's most concern is standardizing languages and standardizing terms such as describing structures and functions, in which they think the term plays a very important role Soviet Union terminology research school: Acquiring views from these two schools, this school also focused on the study of standardization In short, when it comes to the terminology study towards the adjustment in accordance with the linguistic system, it cannot mention the three schools and these above-mentioned are also the most typical and largest cradle of studying terminology all around the world 1.1.1.2 Situation of terminology research in Vietnam The study of Vietnamese science terminology in Vietnam was started in the early 20s of the twentieth century Although the terminology in general has been carefully studied by Vietnamese scientists, many great achievements have been achieved, as evidenced by a series of glossary dictionaries that have been published in foreign and Vietnamese languages However, there are not many separate research works on the terminology system of a particular science In order to standardize the terminology in a comprehensive way, more in-depth studies of specific disciplines are needed, in order to find out the essential characteristics of each terminology sub-system, contributing to the creation of objective bases for standardization and unification of terminology of each specialized sector 1.1.2 Situation of banking terminology research in the UK and Vietnam 1.1.2.1 Situation of banking terminology in the UK The 20th century marked a strong development of specialized English Due to the influence of the world economy, in the 1950s with the development of science and technology, specialized English has strongly developed and the use of English increased rapidly as the international scientific language After that development momentum, the International Institute for Terminology Research (IITF) was established in 1989 with over 100 members of more than 10 countries, of which, the UK is one of the most active members to promote research, teaching and training in terminology By the 21st century, with the rapid progress of science and technology, new challenges were posed to the terminology, which was the driving force for thousands of specialized dictionaries, teaching materials, journals, treatises to have been published, scientific terms have begun to be considered for research in each specific subject Holmstrom, J had great merits in spreading terminology on the world scale 1.1.2.2 Situation of banking terminology in Vietnam Economics plays a key role in survival for any country, in interdisciplinary relationships, banks play the most important role There are many essays, theses and dictionaries related to the economic field However, the research works on banking terminology only stop at the general survey and assessment of the economic sector in general, the intensive and large-scale research is still open without being paid intention by scientists, bank experts 1.2 Theoretical bases 1.2.1 Terminlogy issues 1.2.1.1 Terminology concept Since its inception, the terminology has always been a controversial issue, with numerous different definitions in connection with different points of view such as: Definition of terminology associated with the concept From the viewpoint of terminology definition associated with the concept, first of all, we must mention the Soviet authors, Danilenco (1977), who said, "The term, despite being a word (compound or single) or phrase, is a symbol with a corresponding concept”, Similarly, DXX Lotto also shows two facets of a term: the sound combination or the sound component and the meaning associated with the sound combination within a concept system Accordingly, "The term is a special part of the language." This means that the term all relates to fixed words and phrases to call the exact names of the concepts and objects of the language under precise specialized areas Definition of terminology associated with functions Representative of this school of definitions is G.O Vinkur whose viewpoints are that "The term is not a special word but a word with special function." In addition, X.M Burdin also agreed and emphasized the above ideology of Vinogradop with the statement "The term is the object of the definition, while the common word is not" Definition of terminology in distinguishing with "non-terminological terms" Different from the above two viewpoints on terminology, linguists attach themselves to this viewpoint as saying that: when defining the terminology, the most important thing is to point out the most characteristic features of its being, mentioning the difference with words which are not the terms Thus, according to the above points of view, although there are many approaches to the concept of terminology, whatever the approach is, the authors mentioned two important issues, mainly: - The term is a word or a phrase - Expressing concepts, attributes, objects, things and phenomena in certain specialized fields It is also our understanding of the terminology concept and taking it as a basis for research in this thesis 1.2.1.2 Standards when building and standardizing terms Researchers have introduced quite a lot standards for terminology, but it can be generalized them into the following standards: science, internationality and nationality Science Scientific is understood as accuracy, systematicness and conciseness Accuracy Accuracy is up to now recognized by all domestic and foreign scientists as a leading requirement for the term Systematicness This is also a necessary characteristic and quality for terminology Any industry needs a system of concepts associated with the term, any term is an essential and important element of the terminology system Conciseness The words have shortness; researchers have come up with a specific standard of the number of elements forming terminology Internationality In today's era of globalization and internationalization, internationalization is an indispensable and essential requirement, in general, the terminology is the words that represent the scientific concepts of mind, wisdom, knowledge of humanity in general Nationality Regarding the nationality, it refers to the form of the term, nationality includes many aspects: vocabulary, grammar, phonetics and writing: All these characteristics must be consistent with the writing and reading language characteristics of that nation 1.2.1.3 Definition on banking terms Although there are many different concepts of banking terminology, in this thesis, we use the definition of banking terms as "Fixed words and phrases to correctly name concepts and objects of the banking sector, including terms to indicate the subject of banking operations, banking products, the terms for banking operations and the term for supporting documents to ensure payment" because the definition not only covers the whole task and function of the banking industry, but it is also in line with the analysis direction and advantages when defining the identifier categories of banking terms in English and Vietnamese 1.2.2 Theory of identification with terminology establishment Linguists have mentioned quite a lot about the relationship between terminology and identification Naming a thing or a phenomenon is the process of identification Identifying behavior is always associated with classification, and the process of identifying a thing, property or process consists of two steps, which is classifying the concept and selecting specific characteristic When identifying, among many characteristics of a thing, phenomenon, nature or process, people only choose a certain characteristic of things to be distinct from other things 1.2.3 Translation theory and translation equivalence 1.2.3.1 Definition of translation Since its inception, translation has always played an important role, bringing people with new knowledge Equivalence is a concept that indicates a state or property of equal value, which means equality in value, quantity, meaning and importance The translation equivalence concept is associated with translation theory Perspectives on translation equivalents are extremely diverse and are an issue with many controversies, assessments and discussions in many different ways and it is difficult to come up with a completely unified viewpoint in translation theory Therefore, to ensure the equivalence in translation, it is necessary to build clear concepts of equivalent types in translation 1.2.3.2 The concept of translation equivalence and the criteria to ensure the equivalence of translation products Based on the translation definition and the criteria for ensuring the translation mentioned above, we use the definition and criteria of Nida, E as the theoretical basis for the study: Translation is actually the language acquisition in an equivalent way between source text and target text, translation equivalence must ensure certain criteria such as; meaningfulness, easy forms of expression, with similar principles and reactions Sub-conclusion for Chapter By reviewing the researches on banking terminology in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese, it can be seen that the terminology in general and the banking terminology in particular has been carefully studied by the researchers around the world However, in Vietnam, in-depth researches on banking terminology remain relatively modest Moreover, through an overview of the research situation, it can be affirmed that there are no studies mentioning the structure, characteristics or categories of identification of banking terms in English and equivalents in Vietnamese Therefore, it can be affirmed that the topic "Banking terms in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese" is a new topic, which has important implications for teaching, contributing to standardizing Vietnamese banking terms Chapter FORMULATION OF BANKING TERMS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN VIETNAMESE 2.1 Formulation of banking terms in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese 2.1.1 Determining banking term systems The banking term system in this thesis is determined based on the point of view: "Banking term is a fixed word and phrase that exactly names the concepts and objects in the banking sector, including the terms of the active subject of bank operations, terms indicating supporting documents to ensure payment” 2.1.2 Components of banking terminology – language elements According to Nguyen Thi Bich Ha's approach (2000), we also use the term "language element" (which is a factor formulating terminology) as the last direct constituent of a term Each language element expresses a concept of a identifier term in a certain field Therefore, every language element has meaning 2.1.3 Surveying means In this chapter, we will rely on the main nature of the banking term constituent elements to answer the questions: How are English banking terms formulated? In order to that, we will look at the formulation characteristics of the English banking terms by terminology groups 2.2 Number of language elements formulating bank terms in English and Vietnamese We have conducted language elemental analysis, classifying terms by formulation elements and obtained specific data as follows: Table 2.1: Vietnamese and English banking terms by the number of language elements Number of English Vietnamese language elements in Number Number of banking terms of terms Rate % terms Rate % language 590 21.77 201 7.2 element language 1138 42.14 1108 39.73 elements language 852 31.4 850 30.47 elements language 120 4.4 480 17.2 elements language 10 0.36 151 5.64 elements Total 2710 100% 2790 100% 2.3 Analyzing the formulation characteristics and types of banking terms in English and Vietnamese 2.3.1 Terms with one language element 2.3.1.1 English banking terms 2.3.3 Terms with three elements 2.3.3.1 English banking terms Among the three elements that make up the term, the last element always plays a central role with the main meaning The two preceding elements bring additional meaning and classification to terms 2.3.3.2 Vietnamese banking terms All the terms are main-secondary word phrases, accounting for 100%, among which, all terms are made from noun phrases 2.3.4 Terms with four elements 2.3.4.1 English banking terms All terms are noun phrases 2.3.4.2 Vietnamese banking terms All the terms in the group are made from main-secondary word phrases Among which, all terms are noun phrases, accounting for 17.2% 2.3.5 Terms with five elements 2.3.5.1 English banking terms There are very few English banking terms with five elements, all of which are main-secondary word phrases 2.3.5.2 Vietnamese banking terms All the terms in the group are made from main-secondary word phrases Among which, all terms are noun phrases 2.4 Formulation model of English and Vietnamese banking terms We symbolize N as elements to form a term; N1 as the first formulation elements, N2 is the second formulation elements 2.4.1 Formulation model of English banking terms 2.4.1.1 Formulation model This is the terminology group with two combined elements According to this principle, the sub-component is the complement in the front, the main noun of the term follows, so the elements in the second position are: capture, payments, and conduits as the main, basic component, which indicates concept type 2.4.1.2 Formulation model Terms in this group include three elements The order of main-secondary components is opposite to that of elements in Vietnamese banking term equivalents The element in second position combining with the elements in the first position makes up a main-secondary phrase 2.4.1.3 Formulation model These terms are all made up by three elements The third place element is always a main element, with general meaning indicating concept type, the first and second elements provide addiational meaning to the third element The 11 combination of the second and first elements is added before the third elements, showing it is selected to be a basis to identify the concept which is expressed by the term 2.4.1.4 Formulation model The model has elements, elements standing before the fourth element aim at detailing and clarifying the meaning of the fourth element 2.4.1.5 Formulation model This terminology group has four elements to make up The combination of the first and second elements detailed characteristics, properties, attributes for the concept or the objective that the third and fourth combination of elements would like to express 2.4.1.6 Formulation model These terms consist of five combined elements, which can be divided into two components including directly and indirectly combined together 2.4.1.7 Formulation model The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two supporting elements 2.4.1.8 Formulation model The above terms include eight combined elements, which can be divided into two elements that directly support each other From the above data, it shows that English banking terms has a short, tight and brief structure 2.4.2 Formulation model of Vietnamese banking terms 2.4.2.1 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a This is a group of terms including two combined elements The second element details the meaning of the first element b This is a group of terms including two combined elements The rate of such terms is really rare among surveyed terms The role of the elements is equal, which can be split to make into different words 2.4.2.2 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a The combination of these second and third elements indicates the essential nature chosen as a basis for identifying the concepts expressed by the terms b The combination of these second and third elements defines the essential nature chosen as a basis for identifying the concepts expressed by the terms In banking terms constituted by three elements in model 2, the first element is always the main and essential element with the overview meaning The second 12 and third elements combine together in a primary or isometric relationship to be a complement for the first element 2.4.2.3 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a The elements make up the main-secondary group to identify and concretize the meaning for the whole combination of the first element associated with the second element b The second, third, and fourth elements are combined in the main sub-order as stated to determine the meaning of the first element of the term c The elements that make up the complement elements, concretizing the characteristics and properties for the whole combination, include the third element associated with the first and the second elements 2.4.2.4 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a The above terms include five combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other b The above terms include five combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other c The above terms include five combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other 2.4.2.5 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other b The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other c The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other d The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other e The above terms include six combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other 2.4.2.6 Formulation model This is a model formulated by elements The model has the following forms: a The above terms include seven combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other 13 b The above terms include seven combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other 2.4.2.7 Formulation model The above terms include combined elements, which can be divided into two components that directly support each other We summarize the number of bank term formulation models into the following table: Table 2.6: Statistics of formulation models of English and Vietnamese banking terms English Vietnamese No Model Number Rate % Number Rate % element 420 15.5% Banking term is 132 4.63% elements a word 38 1.4% elements Banking terms with more than elements Model 1222 45 1145 41,03 Model 393 14.5 745 26,7 Model 247 9.1 474 16,9 Model 200 7.3 398 14,2 Model 42 1.54 23 1,07 Model 10 0.36 0,14 Model 0.22 0,036 Total: (1)+(2) 2710 100% 2790 100% Sub-conclusion for chapter In chapter 2, the thesis analyzed the formulation of banking terms in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese in all aspects: composition, number of elements, characteristics of parts of speech and formulation model Based on the analysis results, the thesis has compared the English and Vietnamese banking terms to find similarities and differences Chapter IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BANKING TERMS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN VIETNAMESE 3.1 The ways that make up the English and Vietnamese banking terms In general, based on the survey results, based on the method of constructing terminology as mentioned above by linguistics, we find that like other languages, banking terms in English and Vietnamese languages are formed by the following two basic methods: 14 3.1.1 The ways that make up the English banking terms 3.1.1.1 Terminologize widely-used words In general terms and English banking terms in particular, there are many words and phrases that scientists have deliberately given a clear definition, but there is a group of words that are often misunderstood by outsiders, that is English banking term group which have been created by using common words in daily life 1.2.3.2 Creating banking terms by existing text corpus In addition to word-wide terminology, using existing terms to create new terms is also a very popular way to expand vocabulary There are three ways to form a new term on the basis of existing corpus as follows: Method of adding additives, combining method (combining existing words into new words) and Method of changing in parts of speech: Which is the method of change functions of grammar and parts of speech 1.2.3.3 Borrowing foreign terms Besides these two ways, in the era of globalization, borrowing foreign terms is an inevitable trend for the development of any term, banking terms are also under that rule The borrowed banking term is based on the following three ways: English banking terms with Latin origin English banking terms with Greek origin and borrowed from French 3.1.2 The ways that make up the Vietnamese banking terms Like banking terms in English, Vietnamese banking terms are also formed in the following ways: 3.1.2.1 Terminologize widely-used words "The way of terminologizing widely-used words (or popular words) is the way to change and develop the meaning of words to create a new meaning (terminology meaning) In essence, the term meaning is a derivative meaning based on the original meaning of the common word or on the basis of one or a few basic meanings in the conceptual structure of the word." 3.1.2.2 Ways to receive foreign terms in Vietnamese banking terms Like banking terms in English, Vietnamese banking terms in the context of globalization also borrowed foreign terms to expand their vocabulary, specifically in the following ways: Phonetics, semantic transcription and maintenance of the words’ original forms 3.2 Identification characteristics of banking terms When studying the characteristics of TNNH, we go depth into two factors: which include the type of semantics and the way of expression 3.2.1 Identification characteristics of the banking terms regarding semantics of the terms 15 Banking term is divided into two types including the direct names and indirect names of (the result of the terminologizing common words), or the wide and narrow names The number of banking terms whose have a direct name accounts for a large number in both languages 3.2 Identification characteristics of the banking terms regarding terms express The thesis identifies typical banking term system including the following general categories; The terms indicating entities conducting banking operations The terms indicating security documents for bank payment The terms indicating bank operations 3.3 Category to identify bank terminology 3.3.1 Category to identify bank terms indicating entities conducting banking operations 3.3.1.1 Terms for customers; This category only has the following characteristics: customer characteristics, customer origin, type of customer 3.3.1.2 Terms for bank staff; This category has only unique identifier: Staff functions and tasks 3.3.1.3 Terms for individuals managing bank transactions: This category has only three identifiers in the following characteristics: The work division in charge and the group of people in charge and the business line 3.3.1.4 Terms to indicate entities joining bank transactions: This category has only two identifiers in the following characteristics: Scope of operation and scope, scale and organization of banking operations 3.3.1.5 Terms indicating intermediate individuals and organizations: phạm trù có ba đặc trưng sau: This category has the following three characteristics: According to the functions of individuals, organizations, fields of activity, support 3.3.1.6 Terms indicating bank types: This category has the following three characteristics: Scope - organizational scale, function - mode of operation and position, location 3.3.1.7 Terms indicating bank organizations and representative individuals: This category has the following characteristics: Bank business unit or authorized representative: 3.3.1.8 Terms indicating bank outlets: This category has one of the most basic characteristics: the form of banking business 16 Table 3.1 Category of identifiers to indicate English and Vietnamese banking terms No Model Customer Bank staff Individuals to manage banks Individuals, organizations joining bank business Bank Organizations, representative individuals in banks Bank outlet Identifiers characteristics English Customer characteristics Customer origin Customer type Total Chức năng, nhiệm vụ nhân viên Total Work division in charge Group of people in charge Business line Total Operation field Total Organization scope, scale Operation location Operation method Total Business organizations, authorized individual representatives Total Business activities Total Vietnamese Number Rate % Number Rate % of terms of terms 32 1.14 35 1.2 12 07 51 75 0.43 0.25 1.72 2.68 14 09 58 96 0.03 0.03 1.26 3.29 75 32 2.68 1.15 96 25 3.29 0.85 20 0.71 25 0.85 43 95 95 1.54 3.40 3.4 55 105 105 1.89 3.59 3.6 95 32 3.4 1.15 105 33 3.6 1.09 132 29 742 4.9 1.03 7.08 0.25 142 42 892 4.8 1.44 7.33 0.3 15 22 0.25 0.53 0.78 17 26 0.3 0.58 0.88 3.3.2 Category indicating security documents for bank payment 3.3.2.1 Terms to indicate insurance This category has the basic characteristics of the objects are covered by insurance 3.3.2.2 The terms for these categories of cards: the category has basic characteristics of use purpose, time and function 17 3.3.2.3 The terms for these categories of charges: It has basic characteristics of price characteristics 3.3.2.4 The terms for these types of checks: It has basic characteristics of functions 3.3.2.5 The terms for the types of certificates and papers: this category has the following basic characteristics such as papers, notices and permits 3.3.2.6 The terms for the types of accounts: this category has a unique characteristic that is characteristic 3.3.2.7 The terms for money types; This category has the following characteristics: type, material, strength, characteristics 3.3.2.8 The terms for to the types of terms; This category has a unique characteristic that is characteristic Table 3.2: Category to indicate support documents for bank payment in English and Vietnamese No Model Terms for insurance Card Charges Checks Certificates, documents Account Money Terms Identificatio characteristics Object Total Purpose Time Function Total Price characteristics Total Function Total Certificates Notices Permits Total Characteristics Total Type Materials Strength Characteristics Total Characteristics Total 18 English Vietnamese Number Rate % of terms 45 1,66 45 1,66 25 0,92 0,18 15 0,55 45 1,65 36 1,32 Number Rate of terms % 47 1.61 47 1.61 29 0.99 0.22 17 0.58 5,1 2.12 47 1.61 36 29 29 31 23 123 177 47 47 67 53 35 160 41 41 1,32 0,036 0,036 1,14 0,84 4,5 6.48 1,73 1,73 2,47 1,9 0,18 1,29 5.84 1,51 1,51 47 31 31 35 25 131 191 48 48 68 58 35 37 198 42 42 1.61 1.06 1.06 1.2 0.85 4.5 6.55 1.64 1.64 2.3 1.99 1.29 1.27 6.85 1.44 1.44 3.3.3 Category to identify bank terms indicating each bank operation 3.3.3.1 The terms for bank management activities; This category has one of the most basic characteristics that is characteristic 3.3.3.2 The terms refers to capital mobilization activities; This category has one of the most basic characteristics: characteristics 3.3.3.3 The terms for credit activity; This category has one of the most basic features: functionality: 3.3.3.4 The terms for transferring money abroad; This category has only one function that is the function of the operation Table 3.3: Category to identify terms indicating specific operations in bank by English and Vietnamese banking terms No Model Identifica English Vietnamese tio character Numb Rate Numb Rate % istics er of % er of terms terms Management Characteri 35 1.29 38 1.30 activities stics Capital Characteri 17 0.62 25 0.85 mobilization stics Credit activities Function 47 1.73 49 1.68 Activities on Function 43 1.58 45 1.54 transferring money abroad Total 142 5.2% 157 5.37% 3.4 Equivalence types of English and Vietnamese banking terms 3.4.1 Analyze equivalent translation of banking terms by unit type to make up terminology Based on the translation equivalent definition, through the surveyed text corpus, we find that the English and Vietnamese banking terms have the following main equivalence types: 3.4.1.1 Equivalance 1//1 Word-word equivalance Word-word equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a word with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is also a word Word-letter equivalence Word-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a word with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a letter Letter-word equivalence 19 Letter-word equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a word Letter-letter equivalence Letter-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a letter Table 3.4: 1//1 Equivalence type of English and Vietnamese banking terms Vietnamese Word Letter English Word 195 123 135 1080 Letter 3.4.1.2 // >1 Equivalance Word-word equivalance Word-word equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a word with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is also a word Word-letter equivalence Word-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a word with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a letter Letter-word equivalence Letter-word equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a word Letter-letter equivalence Letter-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a letter Table 3.5: 1// > Equivalence type of English and Vietnamese banking terms Vietnamese Word Letter English Word Letter 815 23 213 219 3.4.2 Analyze equivalent translation of banking terms according to the number of units Through terminology survey data, we found equivalent levels while translating banking terms from English to Vietnamese; The following are specific descriptions: 1:1 equivalence ratio An English banking term has an equivalent Vietnamese banking term: 1:2 equivalence ratio 20 An English banking term has two equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: 1:3 equivalence ratio An English banking term has three equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: 1:4 equivalence ratio An English banking term has four equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: 1:5 equivalence ratio An English banking term has five equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: 1:6 equivalence ratio An English banking term has six equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: 1:7 equivalence ratio An English banking term has seven equivalent Vietnamese banking terms: Table 3.6: Equivalence ratio following the unit number of English and Vietnamese banking terms No Equivalence ratio English1:1 Vietnamese English 1:2 Vietnamese English 1:3 Vietnamese English 1:4 Vietnamese English 1:5 Vietnamese English 1:6 Vietnamese English 1:7 Vietnamese TOTAL Number of English banking terms with equivalence 421 833 757 474 98 77 50 2710 3.5 Criteria to standardize and correct terminology 3.5.1 Definition on standards and standardization According to our understanding: standardization is the process of creating clear rules when using exactly one language unit in a given communication context These standard regulations will help us solve the problem of standardizing Vietnamese banking terms 3.5.2 Criteria on correcting terminology system When correcting the terminology system, we follow the viewpoint of Reformatxki and Sager: it is need to pay attention to the concept of things, and phenomenon whose name is called, to attract the participation of the community and relevant professionals and it must be coordinated by both concerned authorities and the government 3.6 Status of Vietnamese banking terms in translation and proposed standardization 3.6.1 Status of Vietnamese banking terms in translation In the process of translating banking terms, through the survey, we found the following common problems: 21 - A term often has many meanings or many synonymous terms - Use verbal speech, local languages in the translation process - Use redundant words - Lengthy translation, more like description 3.6.2 Comments proposed to build and standardize Vietnamese banking terms based on semantics and identification method Based on data on equivalence types and certain principles when building and correcting the terminology system, we have the following recommendations for the construction of Vietnamese banking terms: - Synonym terms These terms have the same concept in the original term but there are too many different translations, with a term of up to or synonyms for an original concept Here are some suggestions for synonymous terms - Terms using local languages When translating English banking terms, we find that there are cases of using local words, or that is the way of using the transliteration, this method takes away the science of terms, so adjustment is needed Common local terms are: gởi, dở, trễ (send, unfinished, late) etc It should be adjusted and replaced with the corresponding popular words to ensure the science of the terms - Terms fail to exactly name the concepts, For English banking terms that are not translated incorrectly into Vietnamese In order to get the correct name for the concept of the original term, there should be a consultation with the banking experts, to find the real and the best meaning - Lengthy, bulky terms with descriptive characteristics due to use of prepositions When translating the banking terms in English into Vietnamese, many terms are translated by descriptive way, so the form is lengthy, losing the systematic meaning of the term In order to ensure the shortness, identification of the term, it is recommended to remove unnecessary words and words such as: yes, the, and, are, the, of, for, in etc Sub-Conclusion In this chapter, we have presented the forming ways, identification characteristics as well as the equivalence types of English banking terms systems and their equivalents in Vietnamese From the status of unqualified banking terms, we have proposed solutions for translating this term group CONCLUSION In this thesis, we have chosen the English banking term system as an object to survey, study and evaluate how to translate their terms into 22 Vietnamese; thereby providing useful solutions for evaluating this translation process with the aim of building and standardizing Vietnamese banking terms Based on the researched contents, we can raise the following conclusions: Based on the most general theoretical issues about the terminology of linguists in the world as well as in the country, the thesis has defined the definition of banking terms and focused on researching the issues: + Formulation characteristics (formulation elements + formulation model) and identification characteristics of banking terms + Evaluation of the equivalence capabilities of banking terms from English to Vietnamese Through researching 2710 English banking terms and 2790 Vietnamese banking terms, it shows that: + In terms of formulation: The English and Vietnamese banking terms have the same rate of each word, mainly nouns and noun phrases The number of banking terms that are verbs and verb phrases accounts for a small percentage The minimum number of terms is adjectives or adjective phrases This perfectly matches the actual ratio of the actual parts of speech in each language Nouns always account for the largest, then followed by verbs and lastly adjectives In addition, the majority of English and Vietnamese banking terms are composed of to elements The most common in both languages is the terms composed of to elements Meanwhile, the number of terms with or more elements relatively decreases in English banking terms In both languages, the two-element terms account for the highest rate; followed by four-element terms; three-element terms; one-element terms; and the fiveelement terms sit the fifth place It is worth noting that the number of six and seven element terms does not exist in both languages + In terms of formulation models: Through analyzing corpus, the thesis has analyzed and described forumulation models of English and Vietnamese banking terms The reason why the number of models in these two terminology systems is large is due to the differences in grammatical characteristics and the method of word formation in the two languages The models of forming banking terms in each language suggest us the orientations in the survey and assessment of the term translation equivalence in these two languages which remain in a unified situation + In terms of identification characteristics: The thesis has classified English and Vietnamese banking terms into categories of semantic content and 12 different characteristics with descriptions and necessary statistics and comparision in each category and model The results of classification of banking terms in English and Vietnamese have shown the richness as well as the high systematicality of these two term systems At the same time, through the above 23 analysis, the banking terms are not only the specialized words and phrases of the banking sector but also knowledge, the system of concepts reflecting the development level and the specificity of this industry The thesis has evaluated the situation of translation equivalence of English banking terms and equivalents in Vietnamese Details are as follows: + Determining the concept of equivalence and translation equivalence, laying the foundation for analyzing equivalent issues of Vietnamese banking terms + Through text corpus, based on the theory of term translation equivalence, the thesis has identified and limited two main types of equivalence used for banking term system, classifying banking term in English and Vietnamese at word-letter organizational level and classifying equivalents of English and Vietnamese banking terms as per the number of equivalent terms + The thesis has studied the concept of standard and standardizing terms, determining specific requirements of standardizing Vietnamese language including standardization of Vietnamese banking terms + Based on a number of principles of language standardization, the thesis explored the general principles for standardizing Vietnamese banking terms in the translation process such as: based on the characteristics of the term and ensuring the criteria for translation equivalence + Through the analysis of 805/2790 substandard Vietnamese banking terms in the translation process, the thesis has pointed out the current status of this term group thus suggesting specific correction principles such as: removal of prepositions, eliminating unnecessary words; choosing the terms with many translation ways as per principles; shortening too descriptive terms, prioritizing the terms that correctly express the concept, with a general meaning, meeting with the system standards, which are brief, easy to use Based on the obtained results, the thesis also provides some principles in building new Vietnamese banking terms, aiming to build a standard Vietnamese banking term system that satisfies the standards of spoken term in the integration era + We have detailed the means used to assess banking term equivalence in English and Vietnamese based on the formulation, formulation models and categories of identification However, translation and translation equivalence are a wide and rich category, making it difficult to dig into all other means within the thesis Moreover, English and Vietnamese are characterized by two different languages in the context of two different cultures Therefore, more in-depth studies on the translation of intercultural translation are needed Hopefully in the next research works, we can go deep into this aspect to have a more complete picture of banking terms in English and their equivalents in Vietnamese 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Do Hanh Dung (2015), “Methods to form Vietnamese banking terms”, Social science human resources, (8), page.74-84 Do Hanh Dung (2016), “Formulation models for English and Vietnamese banking terms”, Social science human resources, (1), page 102-109 Do Hanh Dung (2018), “Equivalence in bi-lingual comparision”, Dictionary of learning and encyclopedia”, (1), page 61-67 ... that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a word Letter-letter equivalence Letter-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an... that is a letter with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a word Letter-letter equivalence Letter-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a letter with an... Word-letter equivalence Word-letter equivalence is understood as an English banking term that is a word with an equivalent Vietnamese banking term which is a letter Letter-word equivalence Letter-word