Nhu cầu tham vấn tâm lý của cha mẹ có con bị tự kỉ tt tiếng anh

Psychological counselling activities for parents with autistic children are still new, with little attention and research Psychological counselling activities are developing strongly wi

VIETNAM ACADEMY

OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN THI THANH HUYEN

THE NEED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING

OF PARENTS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN

Major: Psychology Code: 9.31.04.01

ABSTRACT OF THE PSYCHOLOGY DOCTORAL THESIS

HANOI, 2019

This work is done at:

Graduate Academy Of Social Sciences

Vietnam Academy Of Social Sciences

Scientific Supervisor:

1 Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Tinh

Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Minh Duc

Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Le Minh Nguyet

Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Vu Ngoc Ha

The thesis will be defended before the Academic-level Thesis Committee,at: Graduate Academy Of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen

Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi At 2019

The thesis can be found at: - National Library

- Academy Library

LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS

1 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2018), Some factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children,Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference

"Psychology and the sustainable development", Social Science Publishing House, p.78-84

2 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2018), Some manifestations of need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children, Proceedings

of the 6th International Scientific Conference on School Psychology

"The role of school psychology in ensuring psychological health of students and families”, University of Education Publishing House, p

548-555

3 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2018), The need for the forms of psychological counselling of parents of autistic children, Journal of

Social Psychology, No 7, p 127 - 135

4 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2017), The need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children, Journal of Education,

Ministry of Education and Training, p 141-143

INTRODUTION

1 The urgency of the subject

1.1 The number of autistic children is increasing rapidly and becomes a special concern of the whole society

Autismis a multifaceted developmental disorder that is primarily a disorder of social relations skills, verbal communication and abnormal behaviour The number of autistic children is increasing in all countries in the world and mainly in big cities Currently, Vietnam has no concrete data

on the number of autistic children but according to the estimation of the Department of Social Protection - Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, Vietnam has about 200,000 autistic people

1.2 Parents of autistic children face many difficulties in the process of caring and raising them

The parents of autistic children face many difficulties in the process

of caring and raising them It is a psychological difficulties when there are countless negative emotions, lack of knowledge about child care, lack of social support services for autistic children and families of autistic children, etc

1.3 Psychological counselling activities for parents with autistic children are still new, with little attention and research

Psychological counselling activities are developing strongly with diverse and rich types of counsellings to support different subjects to improve their ability to solve psychological difficulties arising in life Currently, the need for psychological counsellings is increasing, especially the need for psychological counsellings with each different subject, however, personnels working in this field are lacking are lacking professionalism due to lack of proper training One of such pressing needs is the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

1.4 The researches on the need for psychological counsellings for parents

of autistic children are quite limited in number and content

In recent years, the need for psychological counselling of autistic parents has been researched by many foreign authors with different approaches However, in Vietnam, the researches on the need for psychological counsellings are quite limited in number and content, and there is no in-depth research on this field

For all the above reasons, we chose the subject "The need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children“ for this research

2 Aims and objectives of research

2.1 Aims of research

Theoretical and practical research on the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children and the factors influencing that need Propose on that basis some of recommendations to help professional organizations better meet the need of psychological counselling of parents

of autistic children, contributing to improving the quality of life for parents with autistic children

2.2.Objectives of research

2.2.1 Overview of works related to the need for psychological counselling

of parents of autistic children

2.2.2 Develop a theoretical basis for the need for psychological counselling

of parents of autistic children, including: Need for psychological counselling, autistic children, psychological difficulties of parents of autistic children, need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children 2.2.3.Conduct surveys to assess the situation of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children when facing psychological difficulties and factors influencing that need

2.2.4.Recommendations to satisfy the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

3 Subjects and scope of research

3.1 Subjects of research

Manifestations and levels of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

3.2.1 Scope of research content

Thesis focuses on clarifying the manifestations and the levels of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children including: the need for contents of psychological counselling and the need for forms of psychological counselling together with a number of factors influencing that need In the research sample, mothers are the main caregiver of autistic children in the family, so the approaches in the research is mostly from the mother

3.2.2 Research area and objects of research

3.2.2.1 Research area

In the thesis, surveys are conducted in 03 areas: Department of Psychiatry - Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Small Steps Early Intervention Centre - Haiphong City and Tam An Early Intervention Centre

Objects of in-depth interviews: 20 objects, of which:

10 parents of autistic children: 05 parents of autistic children at the

Department of Psychiatry - Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Small Steps Early Intervention Centre - Haiphong City 05 psychological counselling personnels: 03 staff at the Department of Pathology and 2 staff

at the Small Step centre, Haiphong 05 autistic teachers: 02 autistic teachers

of Small Step centre and 03 autistic teachers of Tam An Intervention centre Objects of case study: 02 mothers of autistic children

The samples are selected based on the following: All the parents participated in this survey are with autistic children who was diagnosed with autism in their records at school or at the hospital The result is diagnosed and determined by doctors of the Department of Psychiatry - Vietnam National Children’s Hospital During the intervention, children are screened again to determine their exact condition For intervention cases at the Small Step centre and Tam An Centre, in addition to the records of children at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, the centres also conduct re-testing the children before classifying and building suitable plan for each child

4 Methodology and methods of research

4.1 Methodological principles

4.1.1 Principle of activity

This principle confirms that people are engaged in activities, from which the need is formed, manifested, developed and find ways to be satisfied The need is the source, the driving force of the activity, so when researching the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children, it is necessary to research the activities of parents to clearly reveal their needs Here, the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children is research before and in the process of caring and raising autistic children

4.1.2 Principle of ensuring objectivity

The need for psychological counsellings for parents of autistic children is objectively formed when the parents facing psychological difficulties while caring for autistic children and need help from psychological counsellors to solve those difficulties This principle requires that when researching the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children researcher must ensure integrity and objectivity when researching the manifestations and level of that need throughout that need throughout the process of caring for autistic children

4.1.3 Principle of development

The nature of psychological formation and development is the continuous process of creating new psychological structures Therefore, when researching the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children, it is necessary to research in the movement, transformation and interaction between this need and other psychological phenomena The parents who have higher need for psychological counselling also are better

in relieving negative emotions, cultivating knowledge and skills for autistic child care, accessing to social services and finding appropriate forms of education for autistic children

4.2 Methods of research

The thesis uses the research methods as follows:

- Questionnaire survey method

- In-depth interview method

- Psychological counselling method

- Processing data by mathematical statistics method

5 Scientific contributions of the thesis

5.1 Theoretical contributions

The research contributes to the systematizing and supplementing of some theoretical psychology issues about the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children into psychology in general and applied psychology in particular, the manifestations and the levels of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children and factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

5.2 Practical contributions

The research collected data, facts and in-depth analyses to clarify the situation of parents of autistic children having psychological difficulties and wishing to have psychological counselling, point out the levels of the need for psychological counselling on the contents of psychological counsellings (5 contents) and the forms of psychological counselling (direct and indirect) in each specific clause, as well as the solutions to the difficulties of the parents of autistic children, from there delve deeply into the need for contents of psychological counselling (at the highest is the need

to relieve emotions, access to social-educational services, etc and at the lowest is the demand for fair treatment without discrimination) and forms of psychological counselling (direct forms has higher need than indirect forms) The results of analysis also shows that parents who live alone have a lower need for psychological counselling compared to parents who are together Regarding the influencing factors, if considering each independent factor, the level of social support is the factor that has the strongest influence

on the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children The research results will be useful references for the projects that research on the need for psychological counselling, for practices to improve the quality of

life for parents of autistic children, while encouraging the authority to give timely measures to satisfy the need for psychological counselling of parents

of autistic children

6 The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

6.1 In theory

The thesis has analysed and systematized the directions of research

on need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children under the perspective of psychological science From that, the thesis has developed

a theoretical basis for the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children Besides, the thesis also points out 02 manifestations of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children: the need for contents of psychological counselling and the need for forms psychological counselling This is currently a new theoretical issue in Vietnam The addition of concepts and theories on the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children helps to supplement the theories of psychology in a richer and more concrete style, especially in applied psychology

6.2 In practice

The research has shown that the situation of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children at a normal level Within the scope of the thesis, there are three factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents with autistic children, in which, the group of influencing factors has a stronger influence and forecast level than independent influencing factors Besides, the thesis also confirms that parents who live together have a higher need for counselling when they have difficulties with autistic child care in comparison to parents who are caring for the child alone With this result, although further research is needed, this first step is enough to serve as a practical basis for the scientific

research in the development of intensive psychological counselling programs exclusively made for parents of autistic children, at the same time contribute to the design of training courses to help solve the psychological difficulties when caring for autistic children for families in particular and society in general

7 Structure of the thesis

Except from the introduction, conclusion and recommendation, list

of published works of the author related to the thesis, list of references and annexes, the thesis has 04 chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of the situation of research on the need for

psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of the need for psychological

counselling of parents of autistic children

Chapter 3: Organizing and methods of research

Chapter 4: The results of the practical research on the need for

psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF RESEARCH

ON THE NEED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING OF

PARENTS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN

1.1 The research on parents of autistic children

1.1.1 Foreign researches

Autism currently is a topic of interest to many scientists, because nowadays the number of autistic children is increasing rapidly Most of the caregivers of autistic children are young parents who born and raise them Some prominent authors on this topic: Rosemarie S.Cook (1990), group of authors: Mercer, Creighton, Holden and Lewis (2006), Hallmayer et al (2006), etc

1.1.2 Researches in Vietnam

Autism seems to be a fairly new topic in Vietnam The concept of

"autism" and "autism spectrum disorder" is only known about in the early years of the 21st century Although in the past decade, autism has been discovered and intervened in hospitals, schools, etc but in general, there are few researches of autism in Vietnam Local researches mainly focus on psychological difficulties of parents with autistic children such as difficulties

in lacking of knowledge related to autism, occurrences of negative emotions, difficulties in getting examination and treatment for the child, difficulties in applying for school, etc The researches also pointed out solutions for difficulties, however, the difficulties and solutions are only briefly mentioned when referring to autistic children, not deeply dig into parents with autistic children

1.2 The researches about the need for psychological counselling

of parents of autistic children

1.2.1 Foreign researches

Counselling for people with disabilities in general and parents with autistic children in particular is a form of assistance for parents with autistic children when they face psychological difficulties Some researchers have conducted in-depth research on this issue, for example the works of Michelle A M M van Togerloo and colleagues (2015), Susan Senator (2010), Salli Ozonof, Geraldine Dawson & James C McParrtland , 2014), etc

1.2.2 Local researches

Local researches often focus on psychological difficulties in the process of caring the child in association with the need for psychological assistance to solve these difficulties However, there is no in-depth

document or research on the need for psychological counselling of parents

of autistic children in Vietnam

1.3 The research about the factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

1.3.1 Foreign researches

Researching of influencing factors helps researchers limit the factors that adversely affect the psychological counselling need of parents with autistic children, and helps parents satisfy their need effectively

1.3.2 Researches in Vietnam

Because this is a new field that have just developed in recent years, most of the researches on the need for psychological counselling in Vietnam mainly focus on researching the situation, demand and effectiveness of counsellings In Vietnam, there is currently no in-depth research on the factors influencing the psychological counselling need of parents with autistic children

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE NEED FOR

PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING

OF PARENTS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN 2.1 The need for psychological counselling

2.1.1 The need

2.1.1.1 Concept of the need

The need is an vital demand that people have to be satisfied to survive and grow

2.1.1.2 Characteristics of the need

- The urgency of the need

- The object-orientation of the need

- The need has a social nature

- The periodicity of the need

2.1.2 Psychological counselling

2.1.2.1 Concept of psychological counselling

Psychological counselling is a psychological assistance process, in which the counsellor uses knowledge and skills to help the clients gain the awareness of themselves, their problems and their resources to solve the problems in a positive direction

2.1.3 The need for psychological counselling

The need for psychological counselling is the demand for assistance

of the clients when facing psychological difficulties, the clients need to share their problems with the counsellor for assistance, after that the client can find and resolve the problem effectively

2.2 Autistic children and psychological difficulties of parents of autistic children

2.2.1 Autistic children

Autism is a permanent developmental disability, often discovered in the first 3 years of life Autism is caused by a type of neurological disorder that affects the function of the brain Autism occurs regardless of gender, wealth, race or social status Autism is characterized by impairments in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, behaviours, interests, narrow and repetitive activities

2.2.2 Psychological difficulties of parents of autistic children

- Psychological difficulty in releasing negative emotions

- Psychological difficulty in lacking of knowledge related to autism

- Psychological difficulty in demanding equal treatment without discrimination

- Psychological difficulty in lacking of autistic child care skills

- Difficulty in accessing social - educational services

2.3 The need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

The need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

is the demand to have psychological assistance with the contents and forms

of psychological counselling when facing psychological difficulties, parents

of autistic children need to share with the counsellor to find solutions and

solve their psychological difficulties

2.4 Manifestations of the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

2.4.1 The need for contents of psychological counselling

- The need for psychological counselling in releasing negative emotions

- The need for psychological counselling in demanding equal treatment without discrimination

- The need for psychological counselling in lacking of knowledge related to autism

- The need for psychological counselling in accessing to social - educational services

- The need for psychological counsellings in providing autistic child care skills

2.4.2 The need for forms of psychological counselling

- The direct forms of psychological counselling

- The indirect forms of psychological counselling

2.5 The factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

2.5.1 The awareness of parents about psychological counselling 2.5.2 The socio-cultural values

2.5.3 The level of social support

Chapter 3 THE ORGANIZING AND METHODS OF RESEARCH 3.1 Organizing of research

3.1.1 Areas and objects of research

3.1.1.1 Areas of research

The survey of the thesis was conducted on parents with autistic children at 03 locations: Department of Psychiatry - Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Small Steps Early Intervention centre - Haiphong City and Tam An Specialized Centre - Dong Anh District, Hanoi City

3.1.1.2 Objects of research

The objects of the research are parents with autistic children at 3 locations: Department of Psychiatry - Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Small Steps Early Intervention Centre - Haiphong City and Tam

An Specialized Centre - Hanoi City The total number of objects of research is: Department of Psychiatry- Vietnam National Children’s Hospital: 30 objects of research, the Small Step Early Intervention Centre: 60 objects of research, Tam An Specialized Centre: 30 objects of research

3.1.2 Stages of research

3.1.2.1 Stage of theoretical research

- Aims of Research: To develop a theoretical basis for the need for

psychological counselling of parents of autistic children

- Content of Research: To create a detailed outline and theoretical

framework for the thesis, build concepts of the need, the need for psychological counselling, the parents with autistic children, the need for psychological counselling of parents with autistic children and the factors influencing the need for psychological counselling of parents with autistic children

3.1.2.2 Stage of actual situation research