Quản lý tổng hợp vùng bờ ở Việt Nam

ICM in Vietnam Actual state of exploitation and management in coastal area Some ICM models applied at region and Viet Nam • • History of ICM in VN ICM Models in region and VN I Actual state of exploitation and management of resources and and environment in Coastal areas On Management  Sectoral management and up to 2008, there were no organization to response ICM  At present, ICM is managed by many sectors, but overlapping on functions and less collaboration between them  Crossing in planning and it is not reasonable and integrated  It is perplexed in implementation and limitation in results  The management, monitoring is ineffective Institutional aspects and policies It was behind the development and problems raised at coastal areas Inadequacy integrated mechanism and multipurpose of sectors in coastal areas Tools and standards used for management are inadequate and limited (Ex There are no sea water and sediment standards) Many other problems are lacked On human resources of management • Inadequacy of high qualified officers in planning and management as well as implementing, monitoring (there are few universities to train these human resources) • Short training courses are not met the requirements The participation of stakeholders and community • It seems very weak and insufficient • It is really not a participatory community Necessity on ICM in VN a) The deterioration of coastal resources • Deterioration of many ecosystems such as mangrove, coral reef, sea grass, salt marsh and wetlands etc • Overexploitation of resources both non- living and living creatures b) Conflict on benefits between sectors and individual at coastal areas • Conflict between economic sectors: such as aquacultures, agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing; industry, navigation, land reclamation, conservation • Conflict between development and pollution as economic activities will discharge waste materials and cause pollution Conflict types  Dispute spaces (environment) = dispute environment  Dispute resources  Invested disputes  Conflict between sectors by single way (low technology industry can release polluted water to rivers No vice verse direction)  Parallel conflicts (between aquaculture and agriculture)  Multiple conflicts (between benefit of sectors and individual  Difference between time and space scales: temporary and permanently; small and large areas  Antagonistic contradiction: it is not compensated  Conflict in benefit: highest conflict c) Pressures from developed activities  Overexploitation and/or completely destroy  Sea pollutions  Deterioration of coastal resources and environment  Destroy living spaces of coastal ecosystems  Natural disasters (typhoons, sea level rise, storm surges)  Land reclamation  Over-application of chemical fertilizers and insect drug chemicals  Infrastructure development (road, port, urban areas, factories)  Untreated waste water releases  Destroy ecosystems such as mangrove, sea grass, tidal flats etc  Nutri caused by aquacultures  Pollutions from mainland catchments d) Social problems in coastal areas Population growth is very fast caused pressure on resources in coastal areas Low education and awareness on coastal environment and resources Poverty and low living standards of coastal community Coastal people is not willing to participate ICM e) Inadequacy in institutions and policy for ICM There are not clear for land and water body owners It is not to fix functional boundary and management levels The coastal areas are managed by multi sectors, but overlapping on functions and duties Inadequacy in sector collaboration Very weak to put law and regulation into practices It is lack of high qualified human resources in planning, implementing and monitoring It is lacking of intersectoral mechanism for ICM ICM Da Nang, Viet Nam PEMSEA Technical group Da Nang People’s Committee National Env.ironmental Department Cocerned departments and Specialists Project executive Board PMU Local Departments DaNang University Local research institutes Consultant Organisations Non Gov Organisa -t-ion Social Organization Local Authories Some detailed introduction on ICM at Da Nang and VN ICZM ICM Da Nang • Preparation was started since 1999 • Project staff were educated since 3/2000 • Official project opening was in 6/2000 • All experts and working groups were appointed (Executive Committee, PMU, Local expert, Communication group) • Action mode: based on ICM proposed by PEMSEA • Arrangement of institution and organization ICM DA NANG (IMO+Peoples committee of Da Nang) Land area (km2) Core area 215.89 Expanded area 1,256.24 Population (person) Pop density (person/km2 ) 561,392 2,698 716,590 570 Paracel Islands Organized Chart of Da Nang ICM People’s Committee of Da Nang MoNRE Executive Committee DoST Technical consultants Departments PMU Departments under city Training and research institutes at central & local Consultant and invested offices Public and private company Social organiza tions District, communes and villages Results of ICM Da Nang  Put new approach into practice for sustainable development at provincial level  It received strongly attention of local authority at different levels  There was a real management framwork  Introduced how ICM project could be conducted, specially to collaborated, coordination and participation of all stakeholders  Enhancing awareness of leadership and community  Introducing new model and creating opportunity to other provinces Đà Nẵng • Starting since 9/2000 • Supported by Royal Netherlands Embassy • MoNRE was executed Agency • pilot sub-projects at Nam Dinh, Thua Thien – Hue and Ba Ria – Vung Tau • It was arranged in levels: Central and Local • activies in which in general and specific for province • At provincial level: the same procedure was applied for provinces C h Ýn h p h ñ H µ L a n C h Ýn h p h ñ V iÖ t N a m (B é K h o a h ä c , C « n g n g h ệ v M ô i tr− ê n g - M O S T E ) B é T µ i n g u y ên v M ô i t r n g MONRE B é N g o ¹ i g ia o Đ i sứ q u n V − ¬ n g q u è c H L a n tạ i H N é i (C c M « i t r − ê n g NEA) Stakeholders participated VN-ICZM C ôc Bảo vệ M ô i tr n g VEPA N a m Đ ịn h U B N D T Øn h NEDECO Së K H C N & M T C è vÊn th − ê n g tr ó R O Y A L H A S K O N IN G T h õ a T h iª n H u Õ W L |D E L F T H Y D R A U L IC S DHV U B N D T Øn h Së K H C N & M T IH E R IK Z C è vÊn th − ê n g tr ó T − v Ên tro n g n c B R ịa -V ũ n g T µ u U B N D T Øn h Së K H C N & M T C è vÊn th − ê n g tr ó Tasks of VNICZM • Task 1: Established PMU, Purchased facilities and institutional arrangement • Task 2: Statistics ICM implemented in VN • Task 3: Building Strategy and action plans • Task 4: GIS application and improvement of data access • Task 5: Training and enhancing capacity on ICM • Task 6: Pilot project program implemented at provinces • Professional workshops • Implementation of pilot projects Managed chart of VNICZM project National Ban đạo QG (liên bộ) Specialists Ban Giám đốc (hai cấp) Văn phòng Dự án VN-ICZM Local ity Pilot projects at provinces Văn phòng Dự án ICZM thí điểm Tổ t vấn kỹ thuật đa ngành Các chuyªn gia th êng trùc cđa qc tÕ, qc gia, địa ph ơng PILOT SUBPROJECTS AT PROVINCES STRATEGY: Orientation and approach to obtain objectives Objectives and visions Basic values of marine resources and environment  Biodiversity Main Threats Habitats and Ecology  Pollutions  Historical and cultural values  Overexploitation of resources  Entertainmance and apperance values  Defence and security • Degradation of resources  Economic values Weak management Capacity  Conflicts between stake holdder  CC and sea level rise Strategy Propagation and education Action Plans Activities Activities Maintainanc e Reservations Protection Development Activities Activities Activities VNICZM - LESSONS Model of two levels: adoptation and effective The all activities were conducted at provincial level Central level at Ha Noi: Coordination, support, guidance and leadership Executive Committee (Government and provinces): Leaderships and orientations Reports (initiative, midterm, monthly, progress) were submitted to executive committee level model on ICM (Central level) Provinces Some activities and relationship between central PMU and local PMU for VNICM project Improving awareness Legal and institution s Institutions and organizations Training R&D applying ICM at provincial levels Reports and information Strategy and action plans Conclusions • ICM is new approach in resources and environmental management at coastal areas • It is a opportunity, but challenges also If it is successfully implemented, new face will be seen in coastal areas ... later) • VNICZM project with the support of Netherlands Government in 2003-2007 • ICM in Quang Nam with PEMSEA support in 2004 History of ICM in VN (Continued) - VASI is established in 2008 -... provincial levels - Human resources (long and short terms) are trained Some ICM models in region and Vietnam ICZM in Malaysia Economic and planning unit (EPU) & (DANCED) EPU of United state of Malaysia... Group Local department of Sea and Island Department Grassroot level activities ICM Da Nang, Viet Nam PEMSEA Technical group Da Nang People’s Committee National Env.ironmental Department Cocerned