Nông trường quốc doanh ở miền tây nghệ an từ năm 1956 đến năm 2015 tt tiếng anh

PREMABLE Reason to choose the title 1.1 The State-owned Farms started its establishment in 1955 and has undergone a rather strong development process, especially in the 1960s of the twentieth century At that time, the State farm model was seen as an example, a "leader" leading the Northern agriculture to advance to the socialist production However, only after more than 20 years of development, the State-owned Farm model began to gradually reveal its defects State-owned Farms in Western Nghe An were not outside of that common situation From 1956 to 2015, State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An underwent different stages and had successes, made important contributions to the local socio-economic development But like Stateowned farms all over the country, only after a period of development, it gradually revealed limitations, weaknesses and some State-owned Farms must also be dissolved Existing State-owned Farms had to change the way of management, production, and business to escape the crisis and fit the new requirements of the real situation 1.2 Not much attention as agricultural cooperatives, so far, studies on State-owned Farms have not really attracted the attention of researchers, including policies maker and practitioners For the research on State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province in the period of 1956 2015, it was even less Therefore, the research on State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1956 - 2015 is very necessary to properly, objectively and comprehensively assess the achievements and contributions of State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An; at the same time clearly see the weaknesses and find out causes On that basis, it help draw lessons of experience, contribute to provide scientific and practical basis for Party and State agencies in planning guidelines and policies and directing the implementation of socio-economic development in the current period For the above reasons, we selected the title "State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An from 1956 to 2015" as a doctoral thesis in major of Vietnamese History Subject and scope of the research 2.1 Research subjects The research object of the thesis is the State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An from 1956 to 2015, in many aspects, such as: process of formation, production and business activities, management methods and contributions of farms to local economic, political and defense development in localities; thereby drawing some experience in the field of agricultural production in general and for economic managers in particular 2.2 Research scope * Spatially, the Western Nghe An includes mountainous districts: Ky Son, Que Phong, Quy Chau, Quy Hop, Nghia Dan, Tan Ky, Con Cuong, Thanh Chuong, Anh Son and Thai Hoa Town In those 10 districts, Stateowned Farms concentrate mainly in districts namely Quy Hop and Nghia Dan Therefore, we mainly research State-owned Farms in these two districts However, the thesis has comparison of the State-owned farms in Thanh Hoa province * Temporally, the thesis is limited to research on State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An from 1956 to 2015 We take the opening stage of the research process in 1956 as the year the farms started to be established In 2015, it is the landmark of the end of the study for this topic because in 2015, farms in the West of Nghe An officially implemented the transition to equitization stage * For content, the thesis focuses on research on factors affecting the establishment and development of State-owned Farms; Establishment process and organizational system of State-owned farms; Production and business activities and management methods of farms through the two periods of 1956 - 1986 and 1986 - 2015; The first step is to draw some comments on the contributions of farms to the local economic, political and defense development and to draw some experience in the field of agricultural production in general, and for economic managers in particular Purpose and task of the research 3.1 Purposes The thesis clarify the process of formation, construction, organization and operation of State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1956 - 2015 Since then, it confirms the role and contribution of the State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An for politics, economy and society of Nghe An province; On the other hand, it also points out the limitations and weaknesses and lessons learned of the model of State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An province, a model was once considered a model of socialist agricultural production 3.2 Tasks - Overview of research situation related to the thesis’s title - Analysis of the factors affecting the establishment and construction of State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province - Clarification of the process of birth and construction of Stateowned Farms in Western Nghe An in the period of 1956 - 2015, in terms of organization, labor force, facilities, production materials - Presentation of activities of production, business, product consumption, material and spiritual life of the farm members - The first step is to give some comments on the role and contribution of State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An to the economy, politics and security and defense in Nghe An area; On that basis, some experiences are drawn to improve the performance of State-owned farms Document source and research methods 4.1 Document source To complete the thesis, we rely on the following major sources of materials: - Original document: Government Decrees and Decrees on farm development, reports from the Department of Farm, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Companies, the archived documents from the archive center of the Provincial Party Committee, Nghe An Provincial People's Committee, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in Nghe An Province, office of Farms in Western Nghe An - References: The monographic works of the authors have contents related to State-owned farms in general, State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An in particular Besides, some research works and articles published in magazines: Historical Studies, Military History Periodical, Science magazine of some universities ; thesises, dissertations and a number of websites with contents related to State-owned farms - Field research materials: In the process of carrying out the thesis, we conducted fieldwork, field surveys at State-owned Farms in West of Nghe An to gather more materials and visit agricultural production and processing facilities of farms In addition, the author of the thesis also conducted interviews with witnesses who worked in State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province 4.2 Rationale and research methods In order to solve the scientific tasks, we base on dialectical materialism and historical materialism; Ho Chi Minh's thought and Party's views and guidelines on socio-economic innovation and development The two main methods used are historical and logical methods With the historical method, we present the process of establishment and construction as well as the actual operation of State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province in a systematic and consecutive sequence from 1956 to 2015 With the logical method, we connect, chain issues, events, phenomena and content together in a logical way to clear the content that needs to be clarified In addition, we also use other interdisciplinary research methods such as study area, economics, sociology, methods of analysis, statistics, comparison, correlation, field survey and interviews of witnesses to clarify the content of the thesis New contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis is the first monographic research project which is a relatively comprehensive and systematic research on State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1956 - 2015 Secondly, the thesis reconstructs a fairly comprehensive and systematic picture of the process of birth, construction and the process of transforming the organizational management model of State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An region from 1956 to 2015 Thirdly, the thesis clarifies production and business activities; Highlighting the role and contributions of State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1956 - 2015 for the economy, society and national defense and security in locality, on that basis, some experiences are drawn to improve the performance of State-owned Farms Fourthly, the thesis provides references and scientific basis for policy making as well as the process of leading and directing the implementation of socio-economic development of Nghe An province in general and for the area in the West of Nghe An in particular; At the same time, the thesis is a reference for the research, teaching and learning about local history Layout of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, References and Appendix, the main content of the thesis is presented in chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation related to the thesis’s title Chapter 2: State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province from 1956 to 1986 Chapter 3: State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An from 1986 to 2015 Chapter 4: Some comments CHAPTER Overview of research situation related to the thesis’s title 1.1 Studies on State-owned farms in general So far, there have been published research projects on colonial plantation economy, such as: "French Plantation in Tonkin 1884 - 1918" published in 1996 (The Gioi Publisher) of author Ta Thi Thuy; The book "Thanh Hoa Plantation in the French colonial period (1940-1945)" (Thanh Hoa Publishing House, 2012) of the group of authors Nguyen Trong Van, Tran Vu Tai and Nguyen Thi Hanh In addition to the research works, articles, there are also researches in depth on this issue; Doctoral thesis "The changes in the Annam-Tonkin agricultural economy from 1884 to 1945" by Tran Vu Tai (2007) Research on the State Agricultural System also attracted many authors In 1963, the author Tran Huu Duc published the work "Efforts to build and strengthen State-owned farms", The Truth Publishing House Hanoi The author Hoa Binh published the research project "Accounting work in State-owned farms" (Statistics publishing house- 1985); Notably, the book "Vietnam Economic History 1945-2000, Episode II, 1955-1975", (Social Sciences Publishing house - 2005) by the author Dang Phong; The Author Pham Thi Vuong published the article "Female labor force in State-owned farms in North Vietnam in the period of 1955-1975" in Historical Studies, No (479) 2016; Doctoral thesis in economic sciences writing on the State-owned farm of the author Pham Quoc Doanh, National Economics University with the title "Innovation of State-owned farms in the current period in Vietnam" (defending in 1994) Besides, there were also some research works of Soviet authors writing about State-owned farms in general The Author X.I Azeva - M.I Chikhomirova writes "Production organization in State-owned Farms and collective farms" (Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House 1981); The "State-oned farm management" of UN Nagimop (Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, 1958); In 1985, I.V Zagôrôđnhiucơ and C.G Charetxki write, "21 situations of scientific labor organization in farms” (Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House) 1.2 Studies on State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province "History of Nghe An Party Committee, Volume (1954-1975)", by the author group of Bui Ngoc Tam, Hoang Minh Truyen, Duong Van Em and Ngo Duc Khanh (Nghe An Publishing House, 1999); "History of Nghe An Party Committee, Episode (1975-2005)", National Political Publishing House, 2008; In 2014, the author Dinh Quang Hai published the article "Understanding State-owned farms in Northern Vietnam in the period of 1955-1960" in Historical Studies No 10 (462).; The “Farm History 1/5” compiled by the author group of Le Hong Son, Nguyen Duy Dai, Le Phuoc Huan, Nguyen The and Hoang Chinh (Nghe An Publishing House in 2012); The “Farm History 3/2’’, of the author group of Nguyen Dinh Dung, Nguyen Phuong, Nguyen Van Phuc, Nguyen Dinh Than and Hoang Van Chinh (Nghe An Publishing House, 2013) 1.3 Outcomes of the research The works mainly study the French plantation economy, the process of plundering land of French colonialism for farmers to establish plantations in all three areas: Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchine; research projects on State-owned farms in general, focus on understanding the formation of State-owned farms; the research works directly related to State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An mainly research on the history of farm development, clarify the birth, formation and development of farms in the West Nghe An through the stages CHAPTER State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province from 1956 to 1986 2.1 Factors affecting the birth and development of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An 2.1.1 Natural condition Fertile soil, favorable climate, abundant water resources, abundant crops, the West Nghe An converges favorable conditions to develop a comprehensive economy, especially a diversified agricultural sector, especially planting industrial plants and large-scale cattle breeding That is also the condition for the State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An to be formed and developed 2.1.2 Social and economic conditions Basically, large plantations established by the French are concentrated in mountainous midland districts such as Nghia Dan, Tan Ky, Quy Chau, Do Luong and Anh Son Nghia Dan district has the highest concentration of French plantations because it has the largest area of red soil in the province, favoring the development of breeding and trading of industrial crops This shows the monopoly of French capitalism in the plantation business Western Nghe An has received labor forces from different regions, such as: The South Vietnamese army forces gathered to the North to build new socialist economic zones and labor forces in the localities which became the main forces in the farms later 2.1.3 The Party's policy on building and developing farms Prior to the renovation period, the Party specifically defined the position and role of the state farm system in resolutions of the Party Congress, such as: Resolution of the 3rd National Congress of the Vietnam Labor Party (1960); On January 13, 1961, the Secretariat issued Circular No 14-TT/TW; Resolution of the 4th National Congress of the Party in 1976; Resolution of the 5th National Congress (1982) 2.2 Formation and organizational system 2.2.1 Formation State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province are formed from three sources: Nationalizing plantations of the French colonist, capitalist or Vietnamese feudal landlords; Agricultural production federations are gathered in the North by the Southern officials and army; Military farms were established under the policy of moving a series of sodiers into businessman 2.2.2 Organizational system The state farm organization structure basically follows the Soviet model: headed by a director, assisting the director as deputy directors and departments; the farms were divided into production areas, including teams and groups In general, the Soviet farm structure is more streamlined than the farm in Vietnam Although the organizational structure of the 10 farms in the whole country in general, in the Western Nghe An region in particular at that time was still cumbersome, dispersed and unfocused, but in accordance with the country's situation in war 2.3 Activities of the farm in the period of 1956 – 1975 2.3.1 Reclamation, labor and production In the years 1956-1965, the State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An were built, developed and implemented political tasks assigned by the Party and the State in peacetime The farms were constantly reclaiming and expanding the cultivated area with crops like perennial industrial crops such as coffee, rubber, and other industrial crops such as tobacco, sesame, cotton, and peanuts, food crops such as rice, corn and fruit trees such as oranges, pineapples and tangerines The State-owned Farms had not only formed a specialized cultivation area, but also become a large-scale breeding area In the period 1965 - 1975, the farm transferred all activities from peace time to war time State-owned farms in the Western Nghe An region were important locations that were frequently destroyed Therefore the mission of the farms during this period was to produce, fight and be ready to fight During this time, the farms really became the reserve of human strengt and assets, into fighting bases for both the South and the North Although the war was fierce, the farms still completed tasks assigned by the State, many farms exceeded the plan 2.3.2 Participate in fighting and fighting service State-owned Farms in the West of Nghe An not only provided material resources, but also provided human resources to the battlefield, fulfilled the obligations of the great rear for the big front lines of the South to fight the US 11 In addition, in battle, the farms always uphold the spirit of selfstruggle The location of the farms had just become the rear base of Nghe An province, had just become the battlefields of aircraft shooting, transport protection, evacuation places of industrial production facilities in the province, stops of the transport road to support the South Air defense forces protecting localities were not only for militia, but also self-defense forces These forces coordinated to create a dense air defense system, fight the enemy in all levels and fight all over the region 2.3.3 The material and spiritual life of agricultural staff and workers In addition to production activities, participating in fighting and fighting services, State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An also paid attention to the life of farm staffs and workers in many aspects, such as: education level, health issues, housing, arts, sports, in the context of the country still facing many difficulties However, taking care of material and spiritual life for workers had specific policies and measures, many specialized resolutions of the Executive Board, but in reality, there were still few units that could carry out the collective work to liberate the labor force, especially female workers, so the production capacity of making wealth is very low 2.4 Agricultural activities in the period of 1975 – 1986 2.4.1 State-owned farm in the West of Nghe An province before the new task request The victory of the General Offensive and Spring Rebellion in 1975 completely liberated the South and unified the Fatherland But the actual situation as Vietnam is very difficult: the infrastructure as destroyed; embargoed; aid in socialist countries declined; natural disasters occurred 12 continuously; the supply of supplies and capital for state-owned economic units was reduced; The state also did not have enough goods to exchange with farmers to purchase agricultural products at the planned price Nationwide, the state-owned agricultural system was invested widely However, in general, the overall results of state-owned farms in the country were not commensurate with the huge investment of the state 2.4.2 The state-owned farm in the western of Nghe An recovered production after the war In the face of difficult circumstances, state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An disposed of old gardens, replaced by new gardens to ensure stable yield and effective business Trees such as coffee, rubber, oranges were still the main crops of the farms The area for planting perennial industrial crops were not reduced but expanded Types of short-term industrial crops such as sugarcane, waterpipe tobacco, soybean, peanut were also been focused It can be said that in the first years after the reunification of the country, the state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An made great efforts in overcoming the consequences of war However, some limitations in the management mechanism appeared and revealed more and more clearly This led to the crisis of farms in the West of Nghe An and the first steps to adapt to the new economic management mechanism across the country 2.4.3 Difficulties of farms and management model transformation signals At state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An, although they were considered to be more active than some other farms across the country, but 13 difficulties were becoming more and more severe At farms such as Dong Hieu Farm, Co Do Farm, 1/5 Farm in this period, perennial gardens decreased in both area, productivity and product quality; many cattle died; production was not effective Food was scarce, workers ate grain noodles, flour noodles, there were times when cassava had to be boiled to give to workers In daily life, houses for workers were extremely difficult Situation of crisis in all economic sectors, stifling bureaucracy led to the situation of "outside production" in the sectors Innovation became an urgent task of farms, to solve problems that exist or not exist CHAPTER State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An from 1986 to 2015 3.1 Request to transform the management mode of management and operation of the state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1986 - 1997 3.1.1 Requirement of transformation of management mode The Sixth National Party Congress (December 1986) was the opening of the process of comprehensive national reform, focus and first of all economic innovation After the Congress, Vietnam's economy had a change in the management mechanism, from a subsidized central planning management mechanism which has gradually shifted to a state-managed market economy The above changes affected agricultural production in general and state-owned farms in particular 14 The transformation of state-owned farms in the whole country in general, in the West of Nghe An in particular became a pressing issue, both in line with practical needs, and to overcome the limitations and promote the available strength of the farm The transformation of farms took place in the following areas: organizational system, management manner and production and business practices 3.1.2 Organization The state farm organization system in this period compared with such system during the subsidy period changed The management apparatus was compact and worked effectively Production areas had now been replaced by production teams for the leading board to be easy to manage The departments and the direct labor units coordinated the work more effectively The transformed organization system of farm was in line with the new mechanism of the market economy Besides the advantages, the organizational system of the farm still had certain limitations, such as: Indirect costs were large which affected the cost of products, there had been a division of tasks among departments, but the market research had not been clearly defined 3.1.3 Management method of piecework In 1989, Tay Hieu Farm was the pioneer farm to implement the Piecework project on the land of Phu Quy Whereas the remaining farms like the Farm 3/2, the Farm 1/5 had no change in the use of piecework method In 1995, after the Government issued Decree 01/CP, the farms applied flexibly and creatively to suit the economic conditions of the farm In particular, Tay Hieu Farm was evaluated as an early adopter of the policy 15 The farm 3/2, although implemented later, but in the production process, the farm applied many different ways to prioritize workers 3.1.4 Production and business activities Implementing the autonomy in production and business, farms in the West of Nghe An in particular actively calculated and reviewed the direction and tasks of production and business Thanks to proper and specific identification of tree and animal structure, intensive cultivation, intensive farming and general business of "Using short-term goals as stepping-stones towards achieving long-term goals", linking production with processing and product consumption markets therefore, the product production of many farms increased remarkably, ensuring consumption activities with customers, increasing revenue to take initiative in production and business capital The changes and achievements of the farms achieved during the renovation process have made tremendous economic - political - social significance However, in practice, there were still problems, such as: land use efficiency in farms was generally low; lack of capital, inappropriate capital structure, low capital use efficiency; outdated processing equipment and technology 3.2 State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An in the period of 1997 2015 3.2.1 New guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on renovation of agricultural farms The third Conference of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (from 13-22, August of 2001) issued a Resolution on "Continuing to rearrange innovation, develop and improve the efficiency 16 of the state enterprises" The fifty Conference of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (from 18/2- 02/3/2002) discussed and issued Resolutions, such as: Resolution on "Continuing to innovate, develop and improve collective economic efficiency”; Resolution "Continuing to renovate mechanisms and policies, encourage and facilitate private economic development" The above guidelines of the Party create favorable conditions for farms to innovate and be concretized by the State into policies On March 4, 1997, the Prime Minister issued Directive 135/TTg on building regulations on the operation of the Board of Directors and the Control Board at State Corporations and State-owned enterprises with establishment of the Board of Directors On June 19, 2002, the Government issued a Decree on transforming state-owned enterprises into joint-stock companies On June 16, 2003, the Politburo issued a Resolution on arranging, innovating and developing state-owned agricultural and forestry farms Decree No 170/204/NĐ - CP dated 22/9/2004 clearly defined forms of transformation of State-owned farms with good business practices and poorly managed farms that suffer from losses In particular, Decree 135/2005/ND-CP, dated November 8, 2005 on the allocation of agricultural land, production forest land and land for aquaculture in state-owned forestry farms Resolution No 30 - NQ/TW dated March 17, 2014 of the Politburo on continuing to arrange, innovate and develop and improve the operational efficiency of agricultural and forestry companies 3.2.2 Change in organizational system 17 In 1997, the farms in the West of Nghe An began to transform model to suit the practical situation Farms had been transformed into two stages: from State-owned Farms to State-owned Companies, then transferred from State-owned Companies to One-member Limited Liability Company Due to changes in organizational structure, the company's functions and duties also changed The company's mission was not merely to perform two functions as in the previous period Now companies are trading in coffee and rubber in accordance with state plans 3.2.3 Change in management model After transforming into companies, the management methods of the farms changed Companies flexibly applied the piecework policy through each stage The management and use of land was put into order, raising the sense of responsibility of contracted households After having contracted forms according to Decree 135, the farms under the Coffee - Rubber Production Investment Company changed the form of piecework Agriculture and Industrial Company 3/2 applied Decree 135/CP (2005) later than Nghe An Rubber Coffee Production and Export Investment Company, in 2008 the company began to apply The Company 3/2 did not allocate the entire land to workers like Nghe An Rubber Coffee Production and Export Company, but still retains the land to organize production as a pilot model and apply the scientific and technical achievements 3.2.4 Production and business activities The production and business activities of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An changed through two periods: the period of 1997 - 2010 and the period of 2010 - 2015 The process of transforming from stateowned farms to one-member limited liability companies of state-owned farms in the west of Nghe An met a number of practical requirements, but there were still many issues to be studied and solved The farms after 18 merging with the company had a clear assignment; the investment capital in the farms was much richer; In the mode of production and business, the company flexibly used the methods of piecework and investing in scientific and technical factors, so the production and business efficiency of the company also developed more in terms of both output and revenue It can be said that in the current period, companies have continued to inherit and promote the management experience, cultivation techniques and plant varieties from the state-owned farms in the French period in Phu Quy area But the real production and business efficiency is not high; brand problems of products not yet on the market; weak product management; low product quality; production scale in small direction; advantages of land resources have not been fully exploited 3.2.5 Life of agricultural staff and workers In 1997, the state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An faced many difficulties in the process of changing management forms, but still created favorable conditions for their officials and employees to develop family economy, to housing, gardening, breeding, participating in building social welfare works The material and spiritual life of officials and workers of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An in this period had basically been more developed than the previous period However, the life of workers had not been developed comprehensively, there were still certain limitations CHAPTER 19 SOME COMMENTS 4.1 As for origin State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An were formed from three different sources This is a distinct feature of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An region compared to farms in some northern provinces Typically, in Thanh Hoa province, most farms were formed primarily from the nationalization of French colonial plantations and some military farms such as Yen My Farm, Van Du Farm, Phuc Do Farm 4.2 In the field of production and business State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An were the relatively complete production units, producing many different products through stages This is a distinctive feature of Western Nghe An farms compared to farms in Thanh Hoa In the period before the renovation period, Thong Nhat farm, Sao Vang farm, Thach Thanh farm produced short-term industrial plants including sugarcane, pineapple, long-term industrial plants with only rubber Since 2000, the strength of farms in Thanh Hoa mainly produces pineapples and sugarcane State-owned farms in the west of Nghe An in the renovation period achieved certain results in the field of production and business In addition to the achieved results, the production and business activities of the farms in the west of Nghe An still have certain shortcomings: not strictly managing the reclamation and new plantation and taking care of the plants; some contracted owners failed to implement the garden care process seriously, affecting the quality and yield of the garden 4.3 As for management methods 20 Firstly, the application of piecework methods of farms: Tay Hieu farm was considered as the pioneer farm in the application of the piecework policy, which is a practical model in the locality for the central government to set up a piecework policy nationwide The farm applied flexibly and creatively all piecework schemes for each period Secondly, on the process of transforming the management model of farms: The process of transforming state farms in the West of Nghe An from 1956 to 2015 led to a major breakthrough in the development of farms That transformation meets the needs of a new management mechanism that is dynamic, creative and in line with the Party and State policies and guidelines The transition went through two phases: from state-owned farms to state-owned companies (1997 - 2010) and from stateowned companies to one-member limited liability companies (2010-2015) 4.4 Contributions of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An The birth and development of farms in the West of Nghe An contributed to changing the face and promoting the development of the Western Nghe An region in the fields of economy, politics, society and national security As for the economy After 30 years since its founding, in 1987, the Western Nghe An farms turned this place from the dense forest to become new economic zones that were eligible for economic development As for the society Farms' foundation have contributed to changing the population distribution of the western districts of Nghe An province The farm was born as an important premise for the state to implement the policy of 21 bringing people from the lowlands to mountainous region for reclamation From a mountainous and sparsely populated district, the West Nghe An region has attracted many forces to join labor, production and settlement As for defense and security Before the 60s of the twentieth century, the western region of Nghe An was a deserted, sparsely populated area, and the defense and security problems were difficult The establishment of state-owned farms have contributed to stabilizing the political situation, preventing the resistance of the enemy forces 4.5 Some experience The process of birth and development of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An has left some experiences in the field of agricultural production in general, for economic managers in particular, such as: farms need to have appropriate management mechanisms; must invest in science and technology, infrastructure facilities and professional skills of workers 22 CONCLUSIONS The establishment of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An stemmed from the requirement of economic recovery and development after the war ended After three years of construction, in 1960, with the spirit of self-help and self-improvement, Farms are growing and the area is expanding The task of delivering products to the State is fully implemented by the farms Along with the development of production and business, activities of culture, arts, gymnastics - sports, health, education on the farm achieved many achievements The birth and development of state-owned farms in the West of Nghe An is a successful experimental step for a new model and mode of production and business of the Northern agricultural sector The achievements that the Western Nghe An state-owned farms achieved in economy, culture - society, and national security have marked the development of a new production model in agricultural production in our country The development of State-owned Farms in the Western Nghe An region from 1956 to 2015 went through two different stages In the period of subsidized economy, the farms must perform well the tasks assigned by the State, both production and fight In the market economy, the farms in the West of Nghe An have had certain changes in organizational structure, method of piecework and production and business activities compared to the previous period The process of model transformation of State-owned farms in Western Nghe An takes place in two stages: from State-owned farms to state-owned companies, from state-owned companies to one-member limited liability companies, both meet practical needs, both in line with the policies and guidelines set by the Party and the State, and at the same time, 23 it brings about major changes in organizational structure, management methods, production and business activities In addition, the company's operations still have limitations in the transition process, such as: effective leadership to perform the task is not commensurate with the potential of land conditions; product management is still poor; has not solved the market problem The process of formation and development of farms in the West of Nghe An has changed the appearance of Western Nghe An in all fields of economy, politics, culture and society Farms contribute to creating jobs and increasing income for the people in the districts here At the same time, the cultivated land area of the districts was expanded, many new villages were formed, many industries were born, health facilities and schools were built The migration process of employees in different regions concentrates on this place, contributing to the crowding and diversity of the population structure, while creating diversity in customs and habits It gradually helps improve the cultural level for ethnic minorities in the West of Nghe An province The process of transforming models of State-owned farms in the West of Nghe An province has met some requirements of practice, but there are still many issues that need to be paid attention and addressed Production and business efficiency of companies is still low Households receiving production contracts are spontaneous, seasonal and not comply with technical processes Products made has no brand and consumer market Moreover, the management of arable land of some farms is still poor, the phenomenon of illegal encroachment and house building still takes place From this situation, it is the task of managers to change strategic thinking in production and processing 24 ... of Nghe An Party Committee, Volume (1954-1975)", by the author group of Bui Ngoc Tam, Hoang Minh Truyen, Duong Van Em and Ngo Duc Khanh (Nghe An Publishing House, 1999); "History of Nghe An Party... plans 3.2.3 Change in management model After transforming into companies, the management methods of the farms changed Companies flexibly applied the piecework policy through each stage The management... 2008 the company began to apply The Company 3/2 did not allocate the entire land to workers like Nghe An Rubber Coffee Production and Export Company, but still retains the land to organize production