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1 INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Socialist democracy is defined as the democracy of most of the People, along with the People's right to democracy; it is a form of expression of citizens' freedom and equality, and the subject of power the People Socialist democracy is seen as the essence of the regime, both the goal and the driving force of development of the country The State respects and guarantees all human rights and citizens' rights The core of socialist democracy is to affirm the power of the People, which is to deal with the relationship between rights and interests, rights and obligations, as well as interests and responsibilities In the face of requirements of the comprehensive renovation of the country, Vietnam advocates building a socialist democracy, that is, a democracy in which all the power of the State belongs to the People; laws of the State for the benefit of the people On February 18, 1998, the Politburo of the Party Central Committee (term VIII) issued Directive No 30-CT/TW, On building and implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level, in order to better promote the right to master of the People, considering this an important and urgent step to promote the People's mastery at the grassroots - where all guidelines and policies of the Party and State are directly implemented; where the people's democratic rights are exercised most directly and widely The Directive 30-CT/TW of the Politburo (term VIII) mark a step in the transformation of awareness about democracy and the practice of socialist democracy In order to fully promote the People's right to mastery in the cause of industrialization and modernization, the National Assembly Standing Committee and the Government institutionalized Directive No 30-CT/TW of the Politburo (term VIII ) into resolutions and decrees that are important legal bases for the implementation; contribute to improving the effectiveness of the direction, management and administration of the government, the quality of the implementation of the civil service regime; and renew the working style of cadres and civil servants, listen to the people's legitimate opinion In addition, there remain some certain shortcomings such as: Some cadres, civil servants and public employees also showed signs of harassment and trouble, which make it difficult for businesses and people The motto "People know, people discuss, people do, people check" sometimes is seen as a formality The manifestation of the above limitations is the situation of complaints of many people over the level, lasting in some localities; the state of anti-government officials, which fail to comply with administrative decisions From the Party’s leadership on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation with both successes and failures, it is necessary to study systematically, intensively and comprehensively on the Party leading the implementation of the People's Regulations at the grassroots level in order to properly assess the advantages and limitations, specify the causes, especially the causes of limitations, and draw experience to apply in the new period to contribute to optimizing the Party's leadership on grassroots democracy in order to promote the role of the People in accordance with the country's reality in the new era So far, there has been no studies fully meet the above requirements and it is seen as a "gap" in terms of science that needs to be dealt with Bearing that in mind, the PhD candidate decides to choose the topic entitles "The leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam in implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015" as his doctoral thesis in History, majoring in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam Aims and objectives of the study Aims The thesis aims at clarifying the process of Party leadership in implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015; to draw valuable experiences for reference and application to the leadership in the implementation of the Party's grassroots democracy regulation currently Objectives Giving an overview of the research situation related to the thesis Clarifying the factors affecting the leadership of the Party on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots from 1998 to 2015 Clarifying the Party's policy and direction on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation from 1998 to 2015 through two periods (1998 - 2006) and (2006 - 2015) Giving comment on advantages, limitations specify causes and draw experiences from the process of Party leadership in implementing the Grassroots Democracy Regulation in the years 1998 - 2015 Object and scope of the study Object Leadership activities of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the implementation of grassroots democracy regulation from 1998 to 2015 Scope In terms of content: Studying the Party's policy on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation, including views, goals, tasks and solutions, and at the same time clarifying the direction of the Party to implement the Democracy Regulations on the basis of the following contents: (1) Direct the establishment of a Steering Committee for the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at all levels; (2) Direct the propaganda and education to raise awareness and unify actions for cadres, party members and the people on democracy, and implement the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level; (3) Direct the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at various grassroots levels; (4) Direct the inspection, examination, supervision and preliminary review of the implementation of the Democracy Regulation on the basis of the guidelines of the above guidance presented in two periods 1998 - 2006, 2006 - 2015 In terms of time: The thesis chooses the starting date of the research as 1998, the year of the Directive 30-CT/TW, dated February 18, 1998 of the Politburo (term VIII) on the formulation and implementation of regulations The end of 2015, is the milestone of the Steering Committee for the Implementation of the Central Democratic Regulations Summary of 17 years of implementation of Directive 30 of the Politburo (term VIII) on the development and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level associated with the successful implementation of the Resolution of the 11th National Congress of the Party The milestone for dividing two historical chapters is 2006, the year of the 10th National Congress of Deputies, with an evaluation after years of implementing the Grassroots Democracy Regulation In order to clarify the research problem, some other related contents before 1998 and after 2015 has been mentioned in the thesis In terms of space: it is conducted on a national scale Theoretical, practical basis and research methods Theoretical basis The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought on democracy and implementation democracy Practical basis The thesis is based on the reality of the Party leading the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015 That is shown through documents of the Party, functional agencies and summary reports of the Party Party, State, Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level; simultaneously, it is based on the results of research, actual survey, sociological investigation of the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation conducted by the PhD candidate and the results of previous studies related to the thesis Research Methods The thesis uses historical methods, mainly logical methods; at the same time, using a number of other methods such as methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparison and through actual survey, sociological investigation to deploy the research contents of the thesis The historical method is used in all four chapters, but mainly in chapters and to highlight historical events and historical processes related to democracy, democracy implementation and democracy regulation in Vietnam 4 Logical method is used in all chapters of the thesis, used to generalize the research results of published works related to the thesis topic in chapter 1, outlines the Party's policy on implementing the Regulations grassroots democracy includes viewpoints, goals, tasks, solutions and the process of directing the implementation of the Regulation on grassroots democracy based on various types of grassroots in chapters and 3; The logical method is used a lot in chapter to generalize the advantages, limitations and draw experiences from the process of the Party's leadership in implementing the Grassroots Democracy Regulations (1998 - 2015) Additionally, the PhD student also uses other methods such as: Analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparison, sociological investigation and expert method to clarify the research contents of the study New contributions of the study The thesis systematizes the source of documents for research on democracy and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level The thesis restores the history of the Party's leadership in the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation from 1998 to 2015 The thesis gives comments on the advantages, limitations and specifying the reasons for the Party's leadership to implement the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015 The thesis draws on historical experiences from the process of Party leadership in implementing the Regulation on grassroots democracy (1998 - 2015) to apply to the present Theoretical and practical significance of the study Theoretical significance The thesis contributes to summarizing the Party's leadership activities on the implementation of QCD at the grassroots level in the period of renovation and international integration Practical significance The thesis provides materials for grassroots party organizations and grassroots units on the implementation of grassroots democracy in general, and the implementation of the regulation on grassroots democracy in particular The thesis can be considered as documents for studying and teaching the History of the Communist Party of Vietnam at academies, and schools inside and outside the Army Structure of the study The thesis includes: Introduction, 04 chapters (10 sections), conclusion, and list of published works related to the thesis topic, list of references and appendices 5 Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Studies related to the thesis 1.1.1 Studies on democracy and implementation of democracy in some countries around the world Typical studies: Democracy and its Critics by Robert Alan, Dalh (1991); What makes Democracies Endure by Adam Przeworski, Michael Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi (1996); Democracy at grassroots through experience in Sweden and China by Vu Van Hien (2004); The issue of implementing grassroots democracy in rural China by Do Tien Sam (2005); Globalization and Democracy by Philip Cam (2006); The future of social democracy by Thomas Meyer and Nicole Breyer (2007); Democratic regime: State and society by N.M Voskresenskaia, N.B Davletshina (2009); Social Democratic Movement in Some Modern Western Countries by Tong Duc Thao, Bui Viet Huong (Co-editor, 2011); and Direct democracy in the world and suggestions for Vietnam by Vu Cong Giao (2014) 1.1.2 Studies on democracy, democracy implementation and the regulation of democracy at grassroots level in Vietnam 1.1.2.1 General studies on democracy, democracy implementation and democracy regulation at grassroots nationwide Typical studies: Bourgeois democracy and socialist democracy by Thai Ninh, Hoang Chi Bao (1991); Implementing democratic regulations and building communal government in our country today by Nguyen Van Sau, Ho Van Thong (Co-Editor, 2003); Social psychology in the process of implementing democratic regulations at grassroots by Tran Ngoc Khue, Le Kim Viet (Editor, 2004); Current globalization and the democratization of social life by Nguyen Trong Chuan (2006); Democracy and democracy at rural grassroots in the renovation process by Hoang Chi Bao (2007); The unity between political stability and the promotion of socialist democracy - the basis of social consensus and national development today by Tran Nguyen Viet (2008); Social criticism and promotion of democracy under the rule of law by Ho Ba Tham, Nguyen Ton Thi Tuong Van (Co-Editor, 2009); The relationship between democracy and legal culture by Hoang Chi Bao, Tong Duc Thao (Co-Editor, 2011); Implementation of the law on democracy at the commune level in service of new rural construction by Nguyen Hong Chuyen (2013); Democracy and implementation of democracy in building a socialist rule of law state in Vietnam by Tran Dang Sinh (2013); Some solutions to promote democracy at the grassroots by Luu Ngoc To Tam (2017); and Continually promoting democracy at the grassroots, awakening the great potential and strength of the people by Nguyen Phu Trong (2018) 6 1.1.2.2 Studies on the implementation of democracy and the regulation of democracy at grassroots levels in localities and regions Typical studies: Implementation of democratic regulations in Thai Binh - achievements and experiences by Nguyen Hanh Phuc (2007); Ninh Binh promotes the People's mastery, trains grassroots cadres and civil servants by Dinh Van Hung (2009); Implementing the law on democracy at the commune level in terms of building a socialist rule of law state in Vietnam from the practice of Thai Binh province by Nguyen Hong Chuyen (2011); Implementation of the law on democracy in communes, wards and townships in the Central Highlands provinces by Do Van Duong (2014); The Party Committee of Thai Binh province implements the Regulation on democracy in the inspection and settlement of people's complaints by Dinh Ngoc Chinh (2016); Implementation of the Regulation on democracy in universities and colleges in Khanh Hoa province in the current period by Nguyen Huu Tam (2016); Continue to expand and promote grassroots democracy, bringing Ha Tinh to fast and sustainable development by Hoang Trung Dung (2017); Thai Binh Province implements the Ordinance on Grassroots Democracy by Dinh Ngoc Chinh (2018); Promoting the role of the ordinance on implementing democracy in communes, wards and townships in new rural construction by Dinh Van Thuy, Ha Thuy Duong (2018); The role of the people in implementing grassroots democracy in Hung Yen province today by Nguyen Van Dai (2019); Thai Binh Provincial Party Committee Lead the implementation of grassroots democracy from 1998 to 2013 by Dinh Ngoc Chinh (2019) 1.2 Overview of the results related to the thesis and the problems need addressing in the thesis 1.2.1 Overview of the results related to the thesis The following issues can be inherited and developed: First, in terms of materials Those studies have provided a very rich system of documents and data, including many genres: monographs, references, scientific topics, theses, and articles Second, in terms of approaches and methods The works related to democracy implementation and grassroots democracy regulation are approached and presented from different angles with many specialties, but mainly focus on a few scientific specialties: Building the Party and State Government, Socialism of Science, Philosophy, Politics, Sociology and different research methods suitable for each specific major to help graduate students choose the approach, present the problem when researching the thesis topic from the perspective of the history of the Communist Party of Vietnam 7 Third, in terms of content The aforementioned works have focused on clarifying the main contents of democracy and implementing democracy in some countries around the world; the development of awareness of democracy, implementation of democracy and the regulation of democracy in Vietnam in the innovative period; the main factors affecting the implementation of democracy There are some studies on the Party's leadership on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation from the perspective of the scientific approach of Party history, which has clarified the Party's policies and direction, evaluated the results, draw experience in implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level; There are studies in different regions, regions and localities, attaching time and space of specific works Thus, so far, there has not been an in-depth, comprehensive and systematic study on "the Party’s leadership the implementation of grassroots democracy from 1998 to 2015" from the perspective of the Faculty of Science and Technology If you study the History of the Communist Party of Vietnam, this is a scientific "gap" that needs to be filled in Therefore, it can be affirmed that the thesis entitles "The leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam in implementing the regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015", majoring in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam does not overlap with any studies published previously 1.2.2 The problems need addressing in the thesis The following issues are focused on: First, the factors affecting the leadership of the Party on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots (1998 - 2015) Second, the policy and direction of the Party implement the Regulation on grassroots democracy (1998 - 2015) Third, advantages, limitations, causes of advantages, limitations and experiences from the leadership of the Party on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots (1998 - 2015) Conclusion of chapter The thesis gives an overview of the research situation related to the thesis, systematizes the documents, generalizes the results of the works, absorbs the contents that could be referenced and inherited; simultaneously, it indicates the issues that have not been researched and clarified, applying the methodology in determining the object of historical research, majoring in the history of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the author has pointed out the "gap" in which the graduate student has identified the main contents of the thesis Therefore, the study on the Party's leadership on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation (1998 - 2015) from a scientific perspective history of the Communist Party of Vietnam has practical significance, and it does not overlap with any works published previously 8 Chapter THE PARTY’S POLICY AND DIRECTIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY REGULATIONS AT GRASSROOTS LEVEL (1998 - 2006) 2.1 Factors affecting the Party’s leadership on implementation of the regulation on democracy at the grassroots level 2.1.1 Situation in the world and in the country 2.1.1.1 Situation in the world Peace, cooperation and development are big trends, reflecting pressing demands of nations and peoples The struggle for peace, national independence, democracy, progressive people's livelihood and social justice has made new strides The Soviet Union’s breakup and Eastern Europe also needs to be viewed from a more and more complete perspective, not only as a loss, but also as an event that brings valuable lessons to the socialist countries The scientific and technological revolution continues to develop at an increasingly high level, rapidly increasing the production force, and at the same time promoting the process of world economic restructuring and internationalization of social life 2.1.3.2 Situation in the country * In terms of advantages: First, the strong development of science and technology is the driving force for the country's socio-economic development, improving the people's living standards, and consolidating and promoting democracy Second, the country's innovation has achieved many important achievements, gradually bringing Vietnam to a steady development Third, political institutions are stable and firm in innovation * In terms of difficulty: First, bureaucracy and corruption have not been repelled Second, the negative aspects of bourgeois democracy through Vietnam's expansion of international foreign relations affect the implementation of socialist democracy Third, hostile forces take advantage of the "democracy" and "human rights" issues to propagate and distort against Vietnam 2.1.2 Current situation of democracy and implementation of democracy at the grassroots before 1998 * Advantages: First, realizing more and more clearly the role of democracy and focusing on building institutions, perfecting institutions, renovating mechanisms and policies to better ensure the people's right to mastery Second, the People's right to mastery is promoted in all economic, social, political, ideological and cultural fields 9 Third, publicly and transparently implement regimes and policies Fourth, ensure that people supervise the process of policy making and implementation Causes of advantages: The trust and understanding between cadres, party members and the masses of the People are raised; prevent and repel negative phenomena that violate democracy Consciousness, responsibility and example of cadres, party members, civil servants and public employees, especially leaders, are fully promoted Limitations: First, awareness of democracy and socialist democracy at the grassroots is still limited Second, implementation of democracy at the grassroots is insufficient Third, some places still show signs of loss of democracy Fourth, the role of the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations has not been fully promoted Causes for these limitations are due to the lack of inspection and urging by the Party committees and authorities in some places; not yet concretize the rules, regulations, openness, transparency and democracy at grassroots level The mechanism for implementing democracy in Vietnam has not been completed; there is no clear regulation on implementation of democracy 2.2 The Party's policy on implementing the Grassroots Democracy Regulations 2.2.1 Directive No 30-CT/TW, dated February 18, 1998 of the Politburo (term VIII) on building and implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots On February 18, 1998, the Politburo (Term VIII) issued Directive No 30-CT/TW on the formulation and implementation of the Regulation on grassroots democracy: * The building of grassroots democracy should thoroughly grasp the following guiding points: First, promote the People's mastery at the grassroots level in the overall mechanism of the political system "the Party leads, the State manages, the People master Second, promote the representative democracy and improve the quality and effectiveness of the National Assembly, Government, People's Councils and People's Committees at all levels Third, promote democracy must be associated with socioeconomic development and raising people's knowledge, creating conditions for quality and effective democracy expansion Fourth, the content of the Regulations on promoting democracy at grassroots level must be consistent with the Constitution and the law, clearly showing the spirit of democracy coupled with discipline and order 10 Fifth, associate the process of building and implementing the Regulation on democracy with administrative reform, amending mechanisms and policies on administrative procedures * Contents of democracy regulations at grassroots First, there are regulations on the right of all people at the grassroots level to be informed about the laws, guidelines and policies of the State Second, there are regulations and forms for the People, cadres and civil servants at grassroots level to discuss and give opinions on undertakings and policies Third, there are regulations on allowing the People to discuss and make democratic decisions on matters directly related to the people's lives in the locality Fourth, there are regulations on mechanism for the People, workers, cadres and civil servants at the grassroots level too directly and through the Front and the People's Inspectorate Board to inspect and supervise activities Fifth, expand forms of self-governing organization so that the people, workers, cadres and civil servants can discuss and implement themselves within the framework of the law Sixth, define responsibilities and organize well the reception of people, settlement of complaints and denunciations and answer questions of the people, workers and civil servants Seventh, determine that the responsibilities of government organizations, heads of agencies and grassroots units periodically report their work to the people must criticise and self-criticize * About the motto and method of implementation First, the party organization must make party members transparent in perception and ideology; Party members, especially those holding positions in the government, must be exemplary Second, the handling of cadres and party members who commit violations must be strictly, rationally, and with education as the main focus Those who have committed mistakes, if sincerely reviewing and actively correcting them, will be taken into consideration to reduce their level of punishment 2.2.2 Supplement and development of the Party's policy on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots (2001 - 2006) The IX Congress of the Party states: Supplementing the promotion of democracy and the people's mastery, in order to concretize the implementation of the motto: People know, people discuss, people do, people check, ensuring "promoting democracy, maintain discipline, discipline, strengthen the rule of law" To all levels of party committees, authorities, fronts and mass organizations, continue to deeply grasp, fully and comprehensively 11 perceive democracy, implement the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level in order to ensure the people's lives Reviewing, amending, supplementing, perfecting and organizing the implementation: In accordance with the functions, tasks and specific situation of agencies and units associated with the administrative reform program, human resource building Dedicated and responsible staff On March 28, 2002, the Secretariat issued Directive No 10-CT/TW on continuing to promote the development and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots: Directive 10-CT/TW clearly states: First, strengthen the leadership, direction, and coordination of implementation of all levels of Party committees, authorities, Fronts and People's organizations in promoting the development and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level Promote democracy in association with legal discipline, strictly handle negative, corrupt and wasteful cases; resolutely handle cases of taking advantage of issues of democracy, ethnicity and religion against the State, Second, complete the issued regulations; studying, promulgating and guiding the implementation of the Regulation on Democracy in other types of establishments Promote the strength of solidarity in the residential community, raise the spirit of vigilance, and participate in preventing social evils Amending and supplementing the operating regulations of the Steering Committee, strengthening the guidance, urging, regular inspection, performing unexpected inspection, inspection and supervision by topic and field On November 15, 2004 issued Notice No 159-TB/TW on the results of years of implementing Directive No 30-CT/TW of the Politburo (term VIII) and continued to direct the implementation of the Regulation on democracy The Secretariat gives direction on the following: First, continue to develop and implement in three types of Democracy Regulations issued at all establishments in the country and more importantly, strive for the majority of units to implement this regulation Grassroots democracy really works well Implement the Regulation on democracy in association with the implementation of political tasks of the locality and unit; with emulation movements, campaigns; with administrative reform, improving public service ethics of cadres and civil servants Diversify activities of supervision, voter contact, and reception, questioning and answering questions in the direction of democratic expansion, practicality and efficiency Second, extend the formulation and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level to the remaining types of grassroots 12 Party committees at all levels, authorities, branches, Fatherland Front, mass organizations, agencies and units continue to thoroughly grasp and implement synchronously and effectively the implementation of the Regulation on democracy in various forms of government In summary, the Party's implementation of regulation on democracy at grassroots level, and the Ninth Congress of the Party continued to affirm that the implementation of Directive 30CT/TW is the right policy, continuing to supplement and develop through the Directive No 10-CT/TW and Notice No 159-TB/TW of the Secretariat (Section IX) to suit reality in order to promote democracy in all activities of the CSO and social life, creating consensus within the People, building a great national unity and harmony 2.3 The Party directs the implementation of the regulation on democracy at the grassroots level 2.3.1 Establish a Steering Committee for the implementation of the Democracy Regulations at all levels Direction on establishment of a Steering Committee for the implementation of the Democracy Regulations at all levels: Assigning the Central Committee for Mass Mobilization to assume the prime responsibility for, act as a permanent member and act as the focal point for coordination with the National Assembly Party Committee, the Front, mass organizations and the Organizing Committee Direction on activities: Having the function of advising the Central Executive Committee, directly the Secretariat, on guidelines and solutions to promote the People's mastery over the implementation of the Democratic Regulations in all kinds of situations Direction on coordination of organizations in the political system: to further raise awareness of cadres, party members and people of all walks of life about democracy and democratic practice; linking the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level with the implementation of administrative reform Guidelines for setting up Steering Committees of localities: Specifying that the Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee (city party) or the Chairman of the People's Committee of the province (city) is the Head of the Steering Committee Direction on consolidation of the Steering Committees at all levels: Developing operational programs and inspecting the implementation of the Democracy Regulations of the units under their responsibility 2.3.2 Direct the propaganda and education to raise awareness and unify actions on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level for cadres, party members and the people Direction on unified awareness: Cadres, party members and people understand and master the spirit of Directive No 30-CT/TW, of 13 the Politburo and the Government's Regulations, creating agree, agree in perception and action The content of propaganda, dissemination and implementation of the Party's Directives and Resolutions on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level overcome the situation that some Party committees and authorities are still confused about the implementation of the Regulation Methods of propaganda: The work of disseminating, propagating, thoroughly grasping and implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level with many rich, diverse and creative forms such as organizing seminars, conferences, and the portal Forms of propaganda: To make the people understand and firmly grasp the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulations is to propagate and educate the whole people, and raise the awareness of law observance 2.3.3 Direction on implementation of the Regulation on democracy at various grassroots levels 2.3.3.1 Direction on institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in communes, wards and townships Direction on implementation method: Collecting opinions of the People on important grassroots issues under the decision-making competence of the People's Councils, People's Committees of communes, wards and townships Review, supplement or new construction practice: Working regulations of the Party Committee, People's Council, Commune People's Committee, Fatherland Front and people's organizations, regulations on land use management land, finance, basic construction; regulations to maintain order and security… Formulate regulations, conventions and conventions in hamlets: Contribution levels to infrastructure construction, establishment and collection and expenditure of various funds, conventions, village conventions, cultural communes, land consolidation and exchange of agriculture The implementation of democracy in the villages: To supervise the construction of rural roads, the collection of fees and charges; supervise and inspect the implementation of resolutions of the People's Council and the Commune People's Committee in economic, cultural and social development Achievements: The implementation of the regulation on citizen reception and settlement of complaints and denunciations of citizens Therefore, the phenomenon of large-scale lawsuits, causing instability in security and order has been gradually stabilized 14 2.3.3.2 Direction on institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in administrative and nonbusiness agencies Regulations on the scope of democracy implementation within the agency include: Responsibilities of the head of the agency; responsibilities of cadres and civil servants; things that cadres and civil servants must know; the opinions of cadres and civil servants Regulations on the scope of implementation: Relations with citizens, agencies and organizations; relations with superior agencies; relations with subordinate agencies Agencies that have direct relations with the people have publicly posted their procedures and process of settlement Implementation mechanism: Implement the "one-stop shop" mechanism for organizations and individuals to know and implement in working relationships; at the same time, enhance responsibility for officials and civil servants assigned to perform tasks 2.3.3.3 Direction on institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in enterprises Direction on development of regulations in the enterprise: The matters that employees and officials in state enterprises are allowed to comment on Implementation: Through the organization of trade unions and direct democracy of employees, promote the creativity of collectives and individuals to improve operational efficiency, preserve and develop State capital Criteria development: Using results as criteria for evaluating and ranking grassroots party organizations annually; integrate the preliminary and final review meetings to evaluate the results of the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulations 2.3.4 Direction on inspection, examination, supervision, and preliminary review of the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level Inspection, supervision, commendation and discipline: Has been paid attention in building and directing the implementation by the Party committees and authorities at all levels, focusing on key and key issues Tasks of the People's Inspection Committee: To supervise responsible agencies, organizations and individuals in communes, wards and townships in the implementation of policies and laws; the settlement of complaints, denunciations, recommendations and reflections Methods of inspection and examination: Must be in accordance with the process and in accordance with the law Inspection and examination results must be objective, true to the facts, to the right extent of violation, with conclusions of authorities in charge Evaluation: Focusing on inspection, assessment, preliminary and final review of the implementation of Directive No 30-CT/TW and promptly issue documents to continue directing the implementation in accordance with each certain phase 15 Conclusion of chapter On February 18, 1998, the Politburo of the Party Central Committee (term VIII) issued Directive No 30-CT/TW on building and implementing the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots The process of implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots in the years 1998 - 2006, the Party had the right awareness, creativity, sticking to reality, reviewed, revised and supplemented into Directives, Resolutions, and Notices In order to improve the effectiveness of leadership, the Party directed the need to implement synchronously and comprehensively with many guidelines and solutions to implement the Regulation on democracy at grassroots in order to promote democracy among the people, overcome violating democracy, discipline, embezzlement, receiving fees, and causing harassment for the people in the country Chapter THE PARTY’S LEADERSHIP IN PROMOTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY REGULATIONS AT THE GRASSROOTS (2006 - 2015) 3.1 New factors affecting the Party’s leadership on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots 3.1.1 Situation in the world Economic globalization creates opportunities but also contains many inequalities, causing difficulties and challenges for countries, especially for developing countries Internet of everything, artificial intelligence, robotics, self-driving cars, three-dimensional printing, super-intelligent computers, smart factories, nanotechnology, biotechnology, etc., are increasingly being applied in many areas Democracy and human rights, on the one hand, reflect differences between countries and groups of countries and can lead to conflicts and fierce struggles in forums and international relations; on the other hand, they are used to exert influence for economic and political purposes 3.1.2 Situation in the country Our country promotes industrialization, modernization and international integration more and more deeply, builds a socialist rule of law state of the people, by the people and for the people, closely linked to and serving the interests of the people The harsh opposition of the hostile forces towards the socialist countries whose spearhead focuses on the issues of "democracy", "human rights"; using that as a condition to exert pressure and interfere in internal affairs of Vietnam The aforementioned factors directly affect the perception of some cadres, party members and people about the Western bourgeois democratic lifestyle, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press, not yet associated with democracy, socialism and discipline 16 3.1.3 Promote advantages and overcome limitations in the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots in the years 1998 - 2006 Advantages: First, it contributes to raising awareness and responsibility for practicing democracy Second, the administrative procedure reform capacity has had a positive change Third, the advisory role of the Steering Committees at all levels has been promoted Fourth, contribute to the supervision and social criticism Fifth, it contributes to renewing operation methods and enhancing the roles, responsibilities and prestige of the Fatherland Front and mass organizations Besides the achievements, there remain some certain limitations and weaknesses in the implementation of the Regulation on grassroots democracy in the years 1998 - 2006, which require the Party to overcome: First, the task of education and propaganda work has not been paid enough attention Second, the institutionalization of the Directives and Resolutions of the Party and State is still slow Third, the implementation of the Regulation on democracy in different types of grassroots is not uniform Fourth, in some places within the Party committee and government, there remains harmony Fifth, the role of the head of socio-political organizations has not been fully promoted 3.2 The Party's policy to promote the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots 3.2.1 The policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level of the Commune Congress The Congress’s policy: "Socialist democracy is both the goal and the driving force of the renovation, construction and defence of the Fatherland, demonstrating the close relationship between the Party, the State and the people The task of perfecting the democratic mechanism, well implementing the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots: Promote the role of elected bodies, the Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations and the People in cadres, civil servants and public authorities, detecting and fighting corruption The role of party committees at all levels: Strengthen the role of party committees at all levels, stepping up the inspection, supervision, preliminary and final review of the implementation democracy regulation of the Grassroots 17 3.2.2 Conclusion No 65-KL/TW, dated March 4, 2010 of the Secretariat on continued implementation of Directive No 30-CT/TW of the Politburo (term VIII) on building and implementing the Regulation on democracy basis Affirm the implementation policy: To improve the leadership capacity of the Party, management and administration of the State; promote the role of the people in all socio-economic activities The role of the Party Committee: Focusing on leading and directing seriously, closely and effectively the propaganda and education work on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation in order to raise awareness of democracy and people's practice Organizing implementation: Implement synchronously and deeply in all types of establishments, in all areas of social life, especially in the areas directly related to people’s rights and interests Way of leadership: Renew the content and mode of operation of the Fatherland Front and mass organizations; promote the vanguard and exemplary character, correct the working style and manners of cadres and civil servants in the direction of being respecting the people 3.2.3 The policy of implementing the Regulation on grassroots democracy of the XI Congress The Congress claims: Promoting democracy, upholding civic responsibility, social discipline and discipline; combat bureaucratic centralization, overcome formal democracy The congress advocates: Improving capacity and creating a mechanism for the People to fully exercise their right to mastery, especially direct democracy, to strongly promote all creative abilities and ensure a high consensus in society The Congress indicates: Democracy must go hand in hand with order; discipline, authority associated with responsibility; benefits go hand in hand with obligations 3.3 The Party’s direction to promoting implementation of the democracy Regulation at the grassroots 3.3.1 Complete and promote the role of Steering Committees at all levels in promoting the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots The structure of the Steering Committee: Ensure lean direction, correct structure and organization Party committees at all levels, Party organizations, exemplary leaders, pay attention to leadership, create conditions for the Steering Committee to operate and promote its role well The role of the Party’s leadership: The Politburo, the Secretariat directly lead the Steering Committee on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation, the Steering Committee advises on organizational direction and steps in the implementation process 18 Direct the consolidation: Promote the role of the Steering Committee for the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulations at all levels, ensuring leanness, improving the effectiveness of consulting and directing the implementation; focus on guiding and urging inspection Formulate evaluation criteria: Linking to the national target program on new rural construction; promote and carry out synchronously the administrative reform; promulgate criteria to evaluate the implementation of the Regulation on democracy for three types 3.3.2 Promote propaganda and education to raise awareness and action on democracy, and implement the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level for different objects Direct propaganda work: disseminate the policies of the Central Committee on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level, raising awareness and responsibilities of all levels of Party committees, authorities, the Fatherland Front, and other agencies Method of propaganda: change awareness about the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation in the new period, creating attractive motivation and promoting the role of grassroots cadres Forms of propaganda: Through the public posting of regulations, regulations and documents related to the rights and obligations of citizens, organizations in public places, working offices of Party agencies and government 3.3.3 Direct the promotion of implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots levels 3.3.3.1 Promote the institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in communes, wards and townships Direct the implementation: Extensively deploying according to legal documents over the period, attaching the content of publicity and democracy to the tasks and powers of commune-level cadres and civil servants Direct content: Post at the headquarters of the People's Committees of communes, wards, townships and offices of hamlets and quarters or directly announcing through people's meetings organized by the government, the Fatherland Front, and different organizations Responsibilities of the local government: The People's Committee develops plans, plans and organizes people's meetings to discuss and publicly discuss the contents discussed and decided directly by the People such as policies and contribution levels in building roads The role of inspection and supervision at the grassroots level: The organization and operation of the People's Inspection Committee and the Community Investment Supervision Board in communes, wards and townships continue to be focused and consolidated in terms of organization and improve the quality of operation 19 3.3.3.2 Promote the institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in administrative and non-business agencies Direct development of regulations: Implementing people only in agency activities that have been seriously implemented by administrative agencies, associated with the implementation of political tasks and the roles and responsibilities of the people in charge Form of operation: Renovating the form of organization and operation to meet the requirements of reality, the Government added the right of cadres, civil servants and public employees to know the work under the activities of agencies and units 3.3.3.3 Promote the institutionalization of the policy of implementing the Regulation on democracy in enterprises * To state-owned enterprises Direct the development of regulations to implement: Develop contents related to production and business, financial sources and expenditures, regimes and policies for employees, such as: Salary, bonus, or labor norms Roles and responsibilities: To promote the spirit of dynamism, creativity as well as a high sense of responsibility in the operation and management of production and business of state-owned enterprises in order to improve the operational efficiency of the enterprises ensures management and development of state capital, practice thrift, and fight against embezzlement * To joint stock companies, limited liability companies Direct the work of developing regulations: Regulations for workers and employees to be discussed, inspected and supervised through various forms of dialogue, through the Executive Committee of the Trade Union at the grassroots level Develop operating methods: Enterprises with trade unions actively coordinate with heads of agencies, units, and directors of enterprises to organize regular employee conferences * To foreign-invested enterprises Direct the work of developing regulations: For foreign-invested enterprises, implement Decree No 87/2007/ND-CP, dated May 28, 2007 of the Government Mode of operation: The grassroots trade union, non-state enterprises organized by the trade union held a conference of workers to get and understand their opinions 3.3.4 Promote the work of inspection, examination, supervision and review, summarizing the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level Organize and implement the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level: Party committees at all levels always attach great importance to inspection and supervision in order to promptly detect limitations, weaknesses, difficulties and obstacles in order to have appropriate direction 20 Cooperation: Together with the government, with the help of the Steering Committee for the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots levels, the People's Inspection Committee has gradually affirmed its role in supervising the implementation of policies and laws, the settlement of complaints and denunciations For preliminary and final work: Several inspections have been organized to prepare for and review the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation After the preliminary and final inspection, there are notices and inspection conclusions to overcome those shortcomings and limitations From 2006 to 2015, the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation has been organized and deepened, closely following the Resolutions of the Party and Decrees of the Government From the central to the grassroots level, there has been a higher development step than in the 1998 - 2006 periods First, awareness of democracy and the implementation of the Democracy Regulations among the Party committees, authorities, Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, cadres, party members, civil servants, public employees and the people Second, the propaganda and education work was renewed, focusing on the forms of seminars, seminars, and the provision of publications and documents Third, implement the Regulation on grassroots democracy step by step into depth in three types of grassroots concretized by Ordinance No 34/2007/PL-UBTVQH11 on implementing democracy in communes, wards and townships; The Government issued Decree No 04/2015/ND-CP dated January 9, 2015 on implementing democracy in the activities of state administrative agencies and public non-business units; and in joint stock companies, as well as limited liability companies Fourth, the Steering Committee has actively advised the Party Committee in leadership and implementation; promptly overcome the shortcomings in the implementation organization; supplement the contents of the operating regulations and assign each member of the Steering Committee Conclusion of chapter In the period 2006 - 2015, the Party has gradually supplemented, developed and perfected the policy on implementing the Regulation on grassroots democracy, ensuring the people's mastery, creating an important motivation for successful implementation, the goal of socioeconomic development, maintaining the socio-political stability of the country Party committees and governments at all levels always closely follow the practice of implementing the Grassroots Democracy Regulations to replace the policies of the Party and State into specific Regulations and Regulations close to localities, agencies and units 21 Simultaneously, many negative, bureaucratic, and authoritarian phenomena have been overcome, causing troubles to the People The leadership capacity of the party committees, management and administration of the government at all levels has been raised one step; People's faith in the Party, and the government Chapter COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCES 4.1 Comments on the Party’s leadership of implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots (1998 - 2015) 4.1.1 Advantages and their causes First, the Party has gradually added and developed the policy on implementing the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level Second, the process of directing the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level is carried out synchronously and comprehensively at every stage and step Third, the awareness and actions of the people and related forces on the implementation of the grassroots democracy regulation has been improved significantly Fourth, the implementation of the Democracy Regulations at various grassroots levels has obtained remarkable achievements The aforementioned successes are brought about by several factors: First, the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation is a right policy, in line with the people's heart, which is unanimously responded by the People and put into reality Second, it is the Party committees, authorities, Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations from the central to grassroots levels, especially the heads Third, the Steering Committee for the Implementation of the Regulation on Democracy at all levels actively cooperates with the authorities, branches and mass organizations 4.1.2 Limitations and their causes First, some levels of party committees, authorities, localities, agencies, units, enterprises and heads are not fully aware of the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level Second, some levels of party committees, local authorities, agencies and businesses are slow to guide and inspect the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots Third, the coordination in leadership and direction between the Party committees, authorities, the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations in some localities, agencies and enterprises is not tight, which fail to meet the requirements Fourth, the results of the implementation of the Democracy Regulations have not been uniform across all types of establishments, especially private enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, and service establishments 22 The aforementioned limitations and shortcomings have many causes, but the main ones include: First, the hostile forces take advantage of the issues of democracy, human rights, ethnicity and religion to entice and incite opportunistic and extremist elements to oppose the great national unity bloc, the Party, and the Government Second, the work of information, propaganda and dissemination of documents and documents remains insufficient Third, it is some localities also "whitelist" the Steering Committee for the implementation democracy regulations of the grassroots 4.2 Experiences from the Party's leadership in implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots (1998 - 2015) 4.2.1 Propaganda and education to raise awareness and unify actions on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots for the subjects are given top priority The success of propaganda and education on the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level is associated with the implementation of political tasks of the locality and unit; with emulation movements, campaigns; administrative reform, raising the civil service ethics of the contingent of cadres and civil servants; fight against bureaucracy, corruption, and waste Propaganda and education content include: First, further propagate and educate to raise awareness for cadres, party members, employees and the people Second, the Party committees and authorities at all levels should further promote training in order to raise awareness of democracy and democratic practice for cadres, party members and all the people Third, diversify forms of propaganda and education such as through mass media at central and local levels 4.2.2 Frequently consolidate and promote the role of the Steering Committee for the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots levels First, the members of the Steering Committee identify their assigned functions and tasks, and coordinate well in inspection and supervision Second, the activities of the Steering Committees at all levels are in order, developing annual work programs, strengthening guidance, and inspection Third, frequently consolidate and promote the role of the Steering Committee for the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots levels in accordance with each local and each unit 4.2.3 Coordinate and promote the role of organizations in the political system and leaders in implementing Democracy Regulation at the Grassroots 23 First, the heads of the agency or unit must be the person who directly directs the implementation of the Regulation on democracy in their locality, agency or unit Second, the organizations in the political system create a truly healthy democratic environment, facilitate the promotion of democracy, and enable the People to express their opinions and personal aspirations to the party organization Third, bring into play the roles and responsibilities of the Fatherland Front, groups and leaders in the political system in terms of renovating contents and operating modes 4.2.4 The inspection, supervision, preliminary, summary, and experience of the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level is getting more effective First, the Party committees, authorities and Steering Committees for the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots levels set up delegations and conduct inspections at all types of establishments such as checking the awareness of cadres and party members Second, supervision and mobilization of the People to supervise the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level, through forms such as: consolidating and consolidating the organization and operation of the People's Inspection Committee and the Community Investment Supervision Third, preliminary and summary work is concerned and directed Every year, periodic meetings are held from central to grassroots Conclusion of chapter The perspective of history - logic, logic - history on the actual implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots from 1998 to 2015 has obtained significant achievements, attracting the People to participate in the management, inspection and supervision of the State's activities, overcoming a part of bureaucracy, corruption, loss of democracy, and alienation from the masses of some cadres ministries and civil servants Party committees and authorities at all levels and authorities always stick to reality, and leaders direct the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level, contributing to promoting socio-economic development and maintaining political security, social order and safety By giving comments on the advantages, limitations, and their causes from the process of the Party leading the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at grassroots from 1998 to 2015, the thesis draws on historical experience with its valuable application into reality today as well as in the coming years CONCLUSION The constant change in the world, in the region as well as in the country brings advantages, opportunities and intertwined difficulties 24 and challenges affecting our country The strong countries have adjusted their strategies, cooperated, compromised, competed, fought and controlled each other in order to compete for position, interests and influence, setting new requirements for the building and protecting the socialist Vietnamese Fatherland In the face of that situation, on February 18, 1998, the Politburo (term VIII) issued Directive No 30-CT/TW on the formulation and implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots The birth of this Directive is the result of theoretical research and practical experience of the Party with great significance in social life In the implementation process, sticking to the guidelines of Directive 30-CT/TW and practical developments, the Party has directed the implementation of QCDC at the grassroots level, focusing on the following contents: setting up Steering Committees at all levels; direct the propaganda, education, awareness raising, unifying action on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulations for cadres, party members and the People; direct the implementation of the Democracy Regulations at various grassroots levels, direct the inspection, examination and supervision of the implementation of the Democracy Regulations at the Grassroots From 1998 to 2015, the Party leading the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation has had many positive changes Being aware of democracy and democratic practice of the Party committees, authorities, the Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, cadres, party members, civil servants, public employees and all strata of the people have been improved remarkably The supervision, social criticism, and suggestions for building the Party and government of the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations have obtained significant achievements From the advantages and limitations in implementing the grassroots democracy regulation in the years 1998 - 2015, the thesis draws four experiences of historical significance with its valuable application into reality In order to improve the quality of the implementation of the Regulation on democracy at the grassroots level, all levels and branches need to further grasp the guiding viewpoints of the Central Government, resolutely direct and organize implementation; and draw lessons from practice, apply flexibly and creatively to specific characteristics of each certain situation and condition./ ... from 1998 to 2015 Clarifying the Party's policy and direction on the implementation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation from 1998 to 2015 through two periods (1998 - 2006) and (2006 - 2015) ... the years 1998 - 2015 Object and scope of the study Object Leadership activities of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the implementation of grassroots democracy regulation from 1998 to 2015 Scope... Party of Vietnam in implementing the Regulation on democracy at grassroots level from 1998 to 2015" as his doctoral thesis in History, majoring in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam Aims and
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