TOMATO TOEIC WRITING FLOW

Neu dupe yeu cau viet bai tieu luan dai khoang 300 tu thi ngay ca chiing toi cung khong dam bao minh cd the viet diing het tiing cau trong bai, nhung day lai la dieu ma rat nhieu ngudi h

CM bien Kim Hyeon-ju • Lee Hye-jeong

David S McCormick • John Boswell CMyen ngii phan chii giai Le Huy Lam

.V;-j.:

NHA XUAT BAN TONG HdP

THAim PH6' H6 CH! MINH

NTV Cong ty TNHH Nhan Tri Viet

RITING FLOW

/right © 2009 Neungyule Education, Inc

ished in Vietnam, 2009

edition is published in Vietnam under a license Agreement between Neungyule Education, Inc

sa and Nhan Tri.Viet Co., Ltd Vietnam through Imprima Korea Agency, Korea

ights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ansmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, therwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner

ing

Hiu nhu ai cung biet day la "hinh thuc tiep diin", tuy nhien hay xem cau sau day:

" Fm leaving in a few minutes See you."

Vi ngudi dong nghiep phal tiep tuc a lai van phong lam viec, nen ban da de lai tin nhan xin loi ve viec ve trade Vi vay, ban da gm lai cho nguoi ban do can tren, no co nghla la: Toi se di ngay day Hen gap lai sau nhe!"

Khi doc cau nay, nhieu doc gia goi dien boi: "Co phai sach bi sai khong? Tai sao lai dung thi hien tai tiep diln de didn dat hanh dong trong tuong lai?"

Chung toi da tiing lo lang Idem tra lai xem cau tren co that su bi sai hay khong va ket qua la de dien dat hanh dong trong tuong lai gin, nguoi ta thuong dung thi hien tai tiep diln hon thi tuong lai Day la dieu co ban vdi nguoi hoc va su dung tieng Anh de noi va viet trong thuc te Tuy nhien, vdi nhung nguoi chi hoc so qua ve ngu phap thi co the cam thay xa la vdi diem ngu phap nay Day chinh la su khac biet giua tieng Anh "song" va tieng Anh "chet"

Vi v|y khi lat qua trang dau tien ciia Writing flow, ban se gap tua de Grammaring ma khong phai

la Grammar Do khong phai la thult ngu do chung toi tu nghl ra ma la thuat ngu ciia Larsen Freeman, mot hoc gia ngon ngu ung dung ngudi My Cau chinh xac va cd nghla khong phai cd dupe tii viec ung dung may mdc nhung quy tic chung, ma la tu qua trinh suy nghi tim each ap dung nhung quy tac do vao each diln dat ciia ban than Ndi each khac, vdi ngu phap, ban khong the ap dung cung nhlc cac quy tac gidng nhu ddi vdi cac cong thuc toan hoc

Neu dupe yeu cau viet bai tieu luan dai khoang 300 tu thi ngay ca chiing toi cung khong dam bao minh cd the viet diing het tiing cau trong bai, nhung day lai la dieu ma rat nhieu ngudi hoc tieng Anh lo ling Ban nen bo di suy nghi phai cham chi luyen tap tiing clu trade roi mdi chuyen sang viet bai van dai Trong mot bai van, cau tao cua toan bai cd tarn quan trong tuong duong vdi dp chinh xac ciia tiing cau Cd le nhieu ngudi nghi ring cau tao ciia bai van tieng Anh cung tuong tu nhu tieng me de ciia minh, nhung that ra, ngay tii phuong thiic trien khai y den cac thuat ngu trong bai van tieng Anh da cd su khac biet Muc dp khac biet nay phu thupc vao linh vuc ma bai van de cap den Diing dpi den khi ban cd the viet chinh xac tat ca cac cau blng tieng Anh roi mdi luyen viet mot bai van dai, vi nhu vay rat khd va rat lau de ban cd the viet dupe mot bai van tieng Anh hoan chinh Cd phai hien gid ban dang tap viet bai van chu khong phai viet cau khong? Neu diing nhu vay thi ban dang ngay cang hoan thien kha nang viet van ciia minh ma khong gap bat

ky khd khan nao ca

s O"! Tap the dau bep Tomato Writing

Preview Cau hoi viet loai 1

Recipe 1 Tii trong tam: Danh tii 18

Recipe 2 Tu trong tam: Dong tii 24

10

—Recii5'e'a7Tii'trong tam: Gioi tii 32

Viet Email Recipe 4 Tii trong tam: Tii bo nghia 38

Thong tin ca ban ve email Recipe 5 Tii trong tam: Lien tii 44

Preview Can hoi viet loai 2 Mini Test 2 bai

Recipe 6 Hoi thong tin Recipe? Yeucau Recipe 8 Cung cap thong tin Recipe 9 Than phien Recipe 10 Denghi, goiy Mini Test 2 bai

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4

Main

Dishes 2

Thong tin co ban ve bai luan

Preview Can hoi viet loai 3

Recipe 11 Tim viec lam 172

Recipe 12 Sinh boat cong so 188

Recipe 13 Sip xep cong viec 204

Recipe 14 Tro thanh nguoi tai gioi 220

Recipe 15 To chuc sinh boat ca nhan 236

Mini Test 2 bai

Actual Test Actual Test 1 Actual Test 2 Actual Test 3 Actual Test 4 Actual Test 5 Answers

au tao cLia sac

Viet cau

Bai luan 300 tif cflng bat dau tif mot cau

step 2 Sentence Power

Bang each hoc va luyen tap dung phPcfng phap,

ban se viet cau thanh thao

STEP1 Grammaring Phan nay khong chi giup ban luyen viet cau ^ dung, ma con giup ban dien dat mot tinh huong bang nhieu cau khac nhau

Mini Test Thi lam hai bai test ve cau hoi viet loai 1

Vlain

Dishes

Viet email

Trinh bay ro rang qua ba btfdc, tit hinh thanh

y tiidng den viet email tra led

avfiub

About Email Sap xep nhflng each diln dat thitdng diing va hinh tMc cd ban cua email triidc khi bdt dau viet mot email thtfc te

1

STEP1 Brainstorming

Tuy theo chu de, dgng nao tim y ttfdng de

cu the hoa noi dung yeu cau

STEP 2 Paragraph Power Day Id giai dop bp difa cac y ti/Sng cua minh vao doan van

step 3 Writing Emails

Luyen tap viet email tri l&i theo yeu cau cua

cau hoi va thSi gian quy dinh

Mini Test Thuf lam hai bai test ve cau hoi viet loai 2

an

shes2

Viet bai luan

Trinh bay y kien cua ban than thong qua

bai lup co the thi'fc thich hop

a6ffa/>

About Essay Liet ke nhifng each dien dat thuPg diing

va cau tnic co ban cua hai lup Irudc khi bat d§u viet bai luan thifc te

step 2 paragraph Power Bai lulu hay phai bao gom cac doan van hay ^ Phan nay giup ban tap trung luyen t|p each viet cac doan van md bai, than bai, va ket luan theo nhieu chu de khac nhau

step 1 Brainstorming

Bong nao tim y tifdng co the sd dung lam ct/ sd

cho quan diem ban da chon

step 3 writing Essays

Luyen tap viet bai luan dung the thdc va

thM gian quy dinh

Mini Test Thd lam bai bai test ve cau hoi viet loai 3

5 Actual Tests

Luyen tap lam cac bai test thde te

mon viet TOEIG

/pmSlls

Sd dung CD-ROM de thifc hanh lam 5 bai test trong moi trddng giong vdi ky thi thUc te

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[•mill]

TOEIC Writing flow

5®' Day 2 Day's r-> , Day 4 _ - Day 6 Day'7 ;

About I3sa ty fjjflLyye'ir^BLD^

r^

Mam Dioh 2

"FJccioa 11 T» •» « ^ «

Mam.Dioh ? Main Dish 2

1 Actual "Test 3 Thifc hanh va

Ac tu il lev 1 Thifc hanh va

BqilcHieuIda^aii dot chieu dap an doLchieu dapJn

Mam Diah"2i -.RccipelS < 't' r* A

e Adinl Tl tr)I| Thi/e halih^a 4| ^ -r fi doi clneij dap^an?!

1 Ban phai thifc hien thffi gian bilu nay tmSc kv thi 28 ngay

2 Ban nen hoc theo thu' til vi dp kho tang dan lit thifc hanh viet mot du den thitc himh viet bai luan

3 Si dung CD-ROM, thifc hanh 5 bai Actual last trong khoang thcfi gian quy dinh sau do thimg qua dap an, ban co the phat hien nJiOng chd con han die cua ban than de sila dfii nham dat hieu qua can htm trong ky thi tln/c te

vwyp.nhantnvie t.co:i"i

Thong tin ye ky thi ^

TOEIC Speaking & Writing

Thong tin chung yA ky thi TOEIC Speaking 8e Writing

Hien tai ky thi TOEIC Speaking & Writing g6m hai loai: TOEIC Speaking & Writing Idem tra ky nang noi va ky nang viet, va TOEIC Speaking chi kiem tra ky nang noi Thi smh co the chon mo trong hai loai nay de dang ky du thi

01 He thong ky thi

Ky thi TOEIC Speaking & Writing dime tien hanh theo the thiic IBT (Internet-based Test); tin sinh se lam hai thi tren may tfah tai nhung trang tarn khao thi duoe chi dinh 0 Speaking Test, can tra Idi cua thi sinh se dugc ghi am lai; con doi vdi Writing Test, thi sinh se lam bartrue tiep tren may va phan tra loi se dugc gui den ETS o Hoa Ky^qua dutag truyen Internet Phan tra lor ciia thi sinh se dugc cac chuyen gia cua ETS true tiep cham diem

200 diem Cap do 8 la cap do cao nhat ciia Speaking

va cap do 9 la cap do cao nhat ciia Writing

2 Thong bao di^m Khoang 3-4 tuin sau ngay thi, thi sinh co the xein diem qua trang Web do ETS chi dinh va thi sinh se nhan dugc phieu diem trong vong 7-10 ngay ke tii ngay c6ng bd diim

3 Thoi han hieu lire ciia ket qua thi Thoi han hieu luc la 2 nam De du thi, thi sinh khong can phai co dieu kien dac biet nhu hoc luc, tu each, v.v

Thong tin ve thi

TOEIC Writing Test

Thong tin v4 TOEIC Writing Test

01 Bae trung

TOEIC Writing Test chiac thiet ke de danh gia kha nang viet trong moi traong kinh doanh qudc

te ciia thi sinh TM sinh khong nlnmg phai di§n dat duoc y kien ciia minh, ma con phai viet cac email lien quan den cong viec hoac bai luan dai khoang 300 tii vdi chii de trong tarn xoay quanh cong viec va noi lam viec Ngoai ra, bai thi dupe thuc hien tren may tinb, nen thi sink can phai co

ky nang danh may tieng Anh thanh thao

02 Thbd gian thi va can tao cua bai thi

Diem so 0-3 diem

04 diem

0-5 diem

03 Chuan hi cho ky thi

1 Luyen tap danh may can tra 161 len man hinh may tinh trong thai gian quy dinh

2 Luyen tap each giai thich y kien ban than va dua ra ly do ro rang ve nhieu chu de khac nhau

04 Chuan hi vao phbng thi

Thi sinh cd the ebon mot trong hai buoi thi: 9 gio 20 sang hoac 1 gio 20 chieu Thi sinh phai co mat tai phong thi truoc gio thi 20 phut, khong can mang theo giay, but, nhung phai dem theo giay to tuy than (chiing minh nhan dan, hp chieu, bang lai xe) Thi sinh se tien hanh thi mon ndi trade va ngay khi mon ndi ket thuc, thi sinh se tien hanh thi mon viet

So ciu hoi loai cfiu hoi - - p Th&i giah tra IM

T'/j • Spliijt; -

20 phut (moi du 10 phut)

It-

< V-' "•'f^ 5S7tr j^v n-~" >: -r »? ~

^fe^KC^r , -', •o:" ; -

u L r£ , -> ••-v • -S- •- <i *- rk*,.-?-

s- iS>i bfe" '•v.- St- „ s:iy t.';?/ - 'ffi'?:^#?" - J, ,

WRITING Cau hoi viet loai 1

V

Screen 1 Man hinh huong din can hoi viet loai 1

Questions 1-5: Write a sentence based on a picture

Directions: In this part of the test, you will write ONE

sentence that is based on a picture With each picture, you

will be given TWO words or phrases that you must use in

your sentence You can change the forms of the words and

you can use the words in any order Your sentences will be

scored on

■ the appropriate use of grammar and

■ the relevance of the sentence to the picture

• In this part, you can move to the next question by clicking

* on Next If you want to return to a previous question, click

on Back You will have 8 minutes to complete this part of

the test

I The man is taking notes

man / note

Click on Continue to go on

Tong cpng co 5 cau hoi

I Questions 1-5) NQi dung lien quan den bile hinh va ngS phap la cac yen ttf quy£t dinh diem so

© Tieu chuan xac dinh do chinh xdc cua ngii phap ■

- Cludiflc viet phai bao gom ca hai tif trong tain da cho

- Se bi trifdiem neu trpng ciu co I6i ngO phap lien quan den tif trong tam ' da cho i

- Se hi trtt diem neu co loi ngO pMp

■ lidnquan den toan bp caii true cdu

- Se khdng bi trS diem neu cd loi nh5 -trong phancau khong li&n ::: quan den ttt trong Mm da cho

@N§i dung lien quan d&bflc hinh

- Clu dupe vift khdng chl mieu ta sU that thi hipn trong bde hinh ml con , nlu ra dupe dieu cd thd suy liiln tif npi dung cua bflc hinh.' Thcfi gian de tra lefi 5 clu hoi la '^8 phiitj thi sinh c6 thl suf dung khoing thcfi gian ehuyen tff cau

• ■ hfii nly sang cau hoi khac de

kiim tra vl sila 16i ngfl phap n^u co

Screen 2 Man hinh tra Icri can hoi xuat Men kM ban nhap chugt vao Continue (a Screen 1)

Directions: Write ONE sentence based on the picture using

the TWO words or phrases under it You may change the

forms of the words and you may use them in any order

woman/work

| Cut | Paste | Undo j Redo |

Noi viet can tra loi

KM viet cau tra lt(i

© Bp phdi sut dung hai til trong tfim ditdc cho dudi bdc hinh de viet mpt cau vd noi dung ciu do phai lien quan den bile hinh

© Bp c6 the viet mot cau dun gian neii si dung thich hop hai

ti trong timdiWc cho

Phfin b5' thii gian

- Thcfi gian dinh cho ci 5 cau hoi

li 8 phut; c6 nghla 11 bp co 1 phut

30 giay cho moi cau Tuy nhien,

bp nen danh 1 phut cho mSi cau

vh 3 phut c5n lai de kiem tra va sia loi ngfl phap Neu cd cau nao

bp khong the viet trong vong

1 phut thi hay chuyen sangJSm' c§u kMc/rdisequaylai cdudd trong khodhg thii gian c6n lai

KM sia chfla cau tra led

© Bp cd thi si dung cac cdng cu

ho trfl kM viet cau tra Idi de tiet kiem thfti gian Ching hp, bp

cd the cat (cut) nhOng chd can thiet

de dan (paste) vao nd bp mudn

© Trong phan ciu cd ti trong tam,

bp khdng ditfc phdp phpi bat cd Idi nho, ngay ca loi chinh ta

Vi vay, bp can phai die Met chu y den phan hay

Thi sink se xem mot biic hinh va

hai tu? trong tam ve bkc hinh do

woman/repair j I" < Biie hinh nay chup hai nguod phu nu dang IpgpjPMSli siia xe hai Co nhilu each 31 mo ta noi dung cua

biic hinh; tuy nhien, dieu kien dat ra la ban Phai sii dung hai tu trong tam dugc cho Cac ban da nghi ra dugc vai cau roi pMi khong?

Hay xem nhdng vl du sai dur6i day

11 A woman repair

2 The women is repairing the car

3 Two women are checking a car by opening the hood

4 One woman is looking at the engine Another is repairing it

Ban co tim ra cac cho sai khong?

11 Can nay sai vi trong buc hinh co 2 ngudi phu nu; ngoai ra, so cua dong tu repair d trong cau khong phu hop vdi chii ngu so it va cau thieu tuc tu vi dong tu chinh repair la ngoai dong tii (transitive verb)

2 Chii ngu ciia cau la so nhieu nen dong tii phai la are mm phii hop

3 Day la mot cau hay nhung thieu tii trong tam repair

4 Mac dii ban duoc phdp viet mot cau theo y ciia ban nhung yeu cau dat ra la hai tii trpng tam phai nam trong ciing mot cau

Hay xem nhdng can mlu diTcli day

1 The women are repairing a car NhQng ngi/di.phu m? do dang stfa xe

2 The women are bending over the car to rePa'r k-

Nhffng ngitdi phu nd do dang cui ngddi di siia xe

3 Two women are repairing the car by opening the hood

Hai ngudi phu nff dang siia xe bang each md nap capd xe

4 One woman is looking at the engine and another is repairing it

Mot ngUdi phu nd dang nhin vao ddng cd con ngddi kia dang sda

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Hay xem mot btfc hinh khac

it I

, write/because

A Trong biic hinh la m6t nguoi phu nii dang noi chuyen dien thoai va ghi

chii vao cuon so tai phong lam viec Tii trong tam ciia hue hinh nay cd gi

khac vdi tii trong tam ciia biic hinh trade?

Mot trong hai tii trong tern la because, vi vay ban phai giai thich ly do cho

hanh dong ciia nguoi phu mi 6 traong hop nay, bam phai suy luan tinh

hudng de viet cau thich hop

Hay xem nhtfng vi du sai dtfdi day

^ 1 The woman writes a note because needs to remember something

2 She talks on the phone while writing a note

3 The woman is writing because she wants to remember

Ban co tim ra cac ch6 sai khong?

I 1 0 cau nay, menh de di sau lien tii because khong cd chii ngu

2 Cau nay cd cau true ngii phap diing nhung khong su dung tii trong tam

because

3 Cau nay thieu tiic tii sau dong tii write va remember

Hay xem nhdng can man ditdi day

1 She is writing a note because she doesn't want to forget anything

Co d'y dang ghi chii bdi m cd ay khong much quen mot dim nao

2 Because she wants to write a message, she has opened her notebook

Vi cd ay mud'n viet mot tin nhdn, cd d'y da md cudh so ra

3 She is writing in her notebook because she needs to record a telephone message

Cd d'y dang viet udo cudh so bdi vi cd d'y cdn phai ghi lai mot tin nhdn dien thoai

4 She is writing down what she's talking about on the phone because she needs to

record it

Cd dy dang viet ra nhdng diiu cd d'y dang Ihdo luan qua dien thoai bdi vi cd ay

mud'n ghi lai chting

ao'/V-.ny n

Yfi-

t- v ' 1 -i^- x, ^ - * -

„ "'JT - _t ^L

- -, V 1

^f^ \*-ji ^j^-fS.av

^-" —^-r1 -:- ^.i, ilpT[^'C.r~zi wji ^ J"-' " ^ ln3;:1 —■ w i» t

~ ^-^r ^"^ &7<z

- v ? *sr« wri- 5®^tS|sS8ii%?piSBi

- "^ - t - '-

4 & -H

Nam,baf caG-tnnh/thai da dan^jva ,.vai' tro cua' tifng t£f loai/trong cau

Cac ban deu biet co 8 to loai trong tieng Anh: danh to, d6ng to, tinh to, trang to, dai

to, gidi to, lien to va to cam than M6i to loai deu dong nhung vai tro nhat dinh trong

can Xem buc hinh dudi day /

PISS Slill

Mi

fc ,

Ban cd the di dang nhin thay mot con chd ngdi canh mot ngudi dan ong; toy nhien,

ban khong the ndi la dog man sit bdi vi ban phai sir dung to vung theo cac quy tic

nhat dinh khi thanh lap cau, chu khong phai sip xep to vung taong ung lai vdi nhau

de cd the tao ra mot cau tieng Anh hoan chinh Cac quy tic do duoc gqi la "ngu phap

co1 ban" 0 phan nay, chung ta se tap trung xem xet su thay doi hinh thuc va vai tro

cua cac to loai quan trong trong cau, bit dau to to loai dau tien: danh to

1 Vai tro cua danh th trong cau

Xem lai buc hinh tren, thii nghi ve vai tro cua danh to trong cau la gi va cd glng su

dung to trong tarn duoc cho de tao thanh mot cau ngln

(1) Chii ngfi

dog/sit A dog is sitting next to a man

0 cau mill tren, sit la dgng to va dog ddng vai tro chu ngtr ciia cau Tat nhien, ca con

chd lan ngudi dan dug deu cd the lam chii ngu ciia cau: vi vay, ban cd the vied cau nhir

sau: A man and a dog are sitting on the grass, hoac A man and a dog are sitting

next to each other

19

(2) Tuc tic

f pat / dog ~ ^ | > The man is patting the dog

Tu trong tam da thay doi Ban can lira y ring dong tii pat (vwt ve) la ngoai dong to, nen phai co ddi tuong di sau dong tii nay 0 day, danh tii dog dong vai tro tuc tii ciia dong tii pat

(3) Tuc tit cua gidi tit

1 dog / next to | > A man is sitting next to his dog

Tii trong tam duoc cho la danh tu dog va gidi tii next to Dieu ban can luu y d day la theo sau gidi tii phai la danh tii hoac dai tii; vi vay, theo sau next to phai la dog hoac man Ngoai can miu tren, ban cung cd the viet: A dog is sitting next to a man hoac A dog is sitting next to him

2 SiT thay doi hinh thai cua danh tuf

So vdi dong tii, hinh thai ciia danh tii a trong can khong thay ddi nhieu; tuy vay, cung

cd mot so dieu ban can luu y

(1) So cua danh th

ib

' woman / phdhh- _ j person '/talk _

> The woman is talking on the phone > Three people are talking to each other Diem khac biet Ion nhat giua hai biic hinh tren la so luong ngudd

Biic hinb thu nhat chi cd mot ngudi phu nu, vi vay tii trong tam van duoc giii nguyen

la woman; trong khi do biic hinh thu hai cd ba ngudi, vi vay tii trong tdm duoc thay ddi tii person sang three people (people la danh tii so nhilu ciia person)

Dilu do cd nghia la tuy theo so ciia danh tii, mao tii va hinh thai ciia danh tii cd the duoc thay ddi cho phii hop

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(2) Danh tut khong dem dirge

boat / water j

> A boat is in the middle of the water

Co gi khac biet giua hai to trong tam boat va water?

0 cau tren, boat la danh to dem duoc, vi vay ban cd the viet a boat Tuy.nhlen, water

la danh to khong dem duoc Lim y ring trong tieng Anh, danh tii khong dem duoc khong cd hinh thuc so nhieu va khong the di vdi tii so luong nhu a, one, v.v

3 Danh tii va tur han dinh

^ manr/-wea^^^

> All the people are wearing helmets > The man on the bench is wearing a helmet Tii ham dinh di vdi danh tii de lam cho y nghia ciia danh tii duoc ro rang va song dong hon 0 can miu thii nhat, all the people cd nghia ro rang la "khong bd sot ngudi nao ca", y nghia khac vdi khi chi sir dung people mot each chung chung 0 can miu thii hai, khi diing the tnidc danh tii man, ban cd y xac dinh ro ngudi dan dng dang ngdi tren bang ghe ma khong phai la mot ngudi nao khac

02 Sentence F^wer

'"""Luyen tap each su danh tO de tao cau M

Chon mot trong cac hi trong tarn dugc cho, dien vao cho trdng mot each

thich hop Ban co the thay dot hinh thai cua danh hi neu can thiet

(M6i hi chi dugc sii dung mot lan.)

J | girl / bus / wood / front door ] -ji

^ @ has just gotten off the school bus

© The door to is still open

© are behind the bus

©The girl got out at • Vocab: front door cmtntdc I get off xud'ng (xe buyt) I behind dSng sau

man / people / business suit / building

0 are standing in front of a building

d) is wearing a darker suit than the other

© The people are dressed in formal •

@ The man is meeting someone outside

Vocab: in front of ddng trudc / dark (mdu) sdm I business suit bo com-le cong so / outside ben ngoai

1 © A(The) girl has just gotten off the school bus ® The door to the bus is still open

" ® The woods are behind the bus [Dong til 6 so nhieu] © The girl got out at the front door

2 © Two(The) people are standing in front of a building

© One man is wearing a darker suit than the other, [one- the other-] ® The people are dressed in formal business suits ® The man is meeting someone outside the(a) building

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| _ fishy ice / price / merchant

© are lying in four lines

© You can see displayed clearly

@ uses ice so he can keep the fish _ tteF." fresh

©We can see different kinds of fish on Vocab: lie nam / display tnmg bay / keep fresh giif clw turn

man / house / machinery / land

© The man is operating

811111 © comes with a lot of land

iigg © The machinery is being used to dig up

is working in front of the house Vocab: operate dien khien / come with xuii't Men ding vdi / land dot dai / dig up ddo ten

clothes / wall / sign / balcony

©

& clothes

.is hanging on the wall above the

© There's a balcony sticking out above

© are displayed in front of the wall s5S?S»^:^jsa^g£ ''"pl^

1®.^ @ A bunch of flowers is hanging under Vocab: sign Men bdo / hang on the wall treo tren tumtg I stick out nho ra

3 Fish are lying in four lines, jfish vtfa la danh tif so it vita !a danh tit so nhieti]

■ ■ You can see the prices displayed clearly -'The merchant uses ice so he can keep the fish fresh

We can see different kinds of fish on ice

4 ! ■ The man is operating the(some) machinery T The house comes with a lot of land

' The machinery is being used to dig up the(some) land

T A(The) man is working in front of the house

5 v A(The) sign is hanging on the wall above the clothes S There's a balcony sticking out above a(the) wall •;} The(Some) clothes are displayed in front of the wall

® A bunch of flowers is hanging under a(the) balcony

23

'J

'"fiim,baf'cac-Yunh/thai dangjva va'f tro cua'tirng tir loai.trong cau

1 Vai tro cua dong td trong cau

(1) Vingft

«He^ \

j [_ _ _ food / use J

> They are using knives and forks to eat their food

I4 ;r 4

.1 J \gmsga

Val tro tieu bieu nhat ciia dong tu la diin ta trang thai hoac hanh dong ciia cM ngii

trong can (Xem each dung ciia use 0 can tren)

(2) Tuc tu:

Dong tii con co the dong vai tro ciia tuc tii Tat nhien, vdi vai tro nay, dong tii phai

thay doi hinh thai (Xem each diing ciia danh dong tii eating d cau dudi day)

enjoy / eat They enjoy eating their food

25

> He is sitting down reading a newspaper

Buc hinh chup mot ngnoi dan ong dang ng6i doc bao tren bang ghe Ban co the mo ta

la sit down and read a newspaper Tuy nhien, co mot each noi khac don gian va hipu qua htm KM mudn diln dat cac hanh dong xay ra dong thai, ban co the su dung cau true phan to nhu d cau mlu tren, thay vi diing lien to and Luu y mac du co hinh thuc gidng nhau la them -ing sau dong to nhung danh dong to dong vai tro danh to trong cau, con phdn to dong vai tro to bo nghia

Ngoai ra, cau true phan to con dugc sii dung de bo ngMa cho chii ngii Xem vi du sau

Tha man holding a briefcase is walking

Chung ta se phan tich trudng hop khac sii dung hinh thai Men doi ciia dong to de bo nghla cho cau

Hay xem lai hue hinh ngubi dan ong dang ngoi doc bao tren bang ghe

1 sit / look- - | > He sat down to look at the newspaper

0 day to trong tarn la hai dong to Neu ngoi tren ghe la hanh dong dien ra trade thi ban co the viet la ngoi xudng de doc bao bang each diing cum to + dong to nguyen mau (to + infinitive), chi muc dich hoac y dinh

^vwwTrlrantrh/ietcom^^

2 Sii thay doi hinh thai ciia dong td

Trong tat ca cac to loai, dong to la to loai Men doi hinh thai nhieu nhat hoi vi dong to

thudng didn dat nhieu thong tin khac nhau cM blng mot to Co ba ly do giai thich cho

su bien doi Mnh thai cua dong to sau day

(1) Bien doi hinh thai theo so cua chu ngu:

1®^

person^/ fix

> A person fixes the car

person / fix

> Two people fix the car

Hal hue hinh tren deu chup canh nguoi ta dang siia xe; toy yay, so luong nguoi trong

moi hue khac nhau 0 cau miu thii nhat, chii ngu la danh to so it, vi vay dong to chinh

co duoi -(e)s (thi Men tai don); trong kM do chii ngu a cau miu thu hai la danh to so

nhieu, vi vay dong to cMnh khong co duoi -(e)s

Neu mudn dien dat hanh dong 6' thi tiep diin, ban phai Men doi dong to be phu hop

vdi so cua chu ngu nhu sau: A person is fixing the car va Two people are fixing the

(2) Bien doi hinh thai theo each

The car is being fixed by an engineer The car is being fixed by two women

Hai hiic hinh ditgc cho giong hai hue hinh tren nhtmg co su thay doi to trong'tam fear

thay cho person) Neu ban mudn su dung car lam chii ngu ciia cau, ban phai dung cau

tnic hi dong: be + phan tit qua khti hoac be + being + phan tu qua khu

27

(3) Bien doi hinh thai theo thl

Dong to bien doi tonh thai de diln dat cac tto khac nhau nta: qua Itoii, Men tai, taong lai, tiep diin, hoan thanh Dilu quan trqng la ban phai sii dung thl thich hop o tung tinh hudng cu the

Xem buc hinh dudi day

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> They are loading their groceries into the trunk

Biic hinh the hien canh hai me con dang chat hang vao cop xe hoi

Hanh d6ng nay dang xay ra, vi vay d cau mlu, thi Men tai tiep diln be + -ing dugc sii dung

Tuy vay, neu to trpng tam la finish/grocery thi hinh thai dong to se khac

T finish / grocery^ ! > They have finished their grocery shopping Trong trudng hop nay, hanh dong chinh khong con la chat hang vao cop xe, ma la ket thuc viec mua thuc pham; vi vay, ban khong thl su dung thi tilp dien, ma phai dung thi hien tai hoan thanh (have + phan to qua khu) dl dien dat hanh dong da xay ra roi Neu phat huy tri tadng taqng, ban co the viet cau nhu sau:

> once they have finished shopping for finish / grocery I grocerieSf they will head home

Cau nav co nghia la Ngay khi ho mua thuc pham xong, ho se di ve nhd

28

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Mac dii su bien ddi hinh thai ciia dong tii kha phuc tap, nhung nho vay, ban mdi co

the didn dat cac thi khac nhau

Hay luyen tap them vai vi du ve thi va each Xem buc hinh dudi day

^ ti ^ n p ^ -c ■

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/

S ~v Buc hinh chup mot chiec xe dap dang dan gan gdc cay

Neu dung xe dap lam chu ngfl thi ban cd the viet can nhu sau:

The bike is parked next to the tree

Vdi nhiing buc hinh mo ta vat ma khong chi ro ngudi thuc hien hanh dong, ban nen

diing dang bi dong de viet can

Tuy vay, ban cung cd the viet cau, su dung chii ngu chi ngudi neu nghi den tinh hudng

trauc khi chiec xe dap dune dung a day Eo rang mot ai do da thuc hien viec nay

Someone has parked the bike by the tree

Neu chii ngu la ngudi thi dong tu phai a dang qua khu hoac hien tad hoan thanh do

hanh dong la viec da xay ra trudc do

Thong thudng dong tii cd cac hinh thai sau:

® Dong tii nguyen mlu

o Dang cd dudi -(e)s

g Dang qua khii

o Phan tu qua khii

o Phan tu hien tai

- Danh ddng tii

s Dong tu nguyen miu cd to

29

a 02 Sentence P#wer

""Luyen tap each su du|V dpng tu de tao cau ^|J

Chon mot trong cac tu trong tam fagc cho, dien vao ch6 trdng rngt each

thlch hop Ban co the thay doi hinh thai cua dong tu neu can thiet

(M6i tii chi dugc sii dung mot lan.)

sit / talk / review / hold

© They are about a project

© They're on the steps

© The people are up pieces of paper

@ The businesswomen are a report Vocab: review xem lai I project dii an / steps bde tam cap

have / cross / take / walk

I © The people are the street

I J © One man his hand in his pocket

"i _ /=, ti i ora anrnss the i The pedestrians are across the

road

) They're a break from work

Vocab: pedestrian nguai di duang / cross di bang qua / break gidi lao

© yfey are talking about a project © They're sitting on the steps

® The people are holding up pieces of paper © The businesswomen are reviewing a report

2 © The people are crossing the street © One man has his hand in his pocket

® The pedestrians are walking across the road © They're taking a break from work

#§] ! go / demonstrate 1 lean / use

men are over a Problem with their project

' Both of the builders are workbench

sit / hold / show / work |

(5 They're on a project together (D The laptop is on the desk

© The woman is a glass of wine in her left hand

@ She is him something on the computer

Vocab: show cho xem I laptop (computer) may link xdch lay

occupy / dress / hold / lead j

© The man at the head of the table is the discussion

© The meeting room is currently

© The employees are a meeting

@ The people are all in professional Vocab: occupy chiem I at the head of the table a dan ban I employee nhcin vien / attire qudn do, trang phuc

3 i; The men are going over a problem with their project © Both of the builders are leaning

on the workbench ® They're using tools to help them build something €> One man is demonstrating how to do a task

4 'i ■ They're working on a project together, s The laptop is sitting on the desk ■?; The woman is

holding a glass of wine in her left hand T She is showing him something on the computer

5 -if; The man at the head of the table is leading the discussion © The meeting room is currently occupied, s- The employees are holding a meeting ® The people are all dressed in professional attire

"Hci :i; 5^"/ foFi jr.-

C""^ " '- rTj.^ " v: *;•:«- ,i .v; i r:j i r v.r • dv.: 't^C^".UV' v.'.• t"! '• - * f^i

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s- " ^ t „ ^

"" "" h r *• <S

" ^ - - — *-" o- ^ v°7 <r— *-» k <; S 1 — i5 ^ p-"-

x_ ^ »-« £*1 *_ ^ ,",a~'l- -3, i XT- V-fS- >- jr~ " ^> Ss "Ir^X3IS5-

- J, ^ - -r 1 _ & C V -r- s —4 -ttr^-, , —~ - : -, «- • tk-, xsj*

\ /

,01 Qramnriar/ng

Nann,baf ca.efilnhfthai "da dang va va'i tro cua tirng fir loai'trong cau

Giai tii la tii loai duo'C sii dung thurag xuyen trong cau/nhung khong phai nguM hoc

tieng Anh nao cung co the di dang neu ro vai tro cua./gidi tii Nghia den cua gidi tii -

preposition la duac dat a trudc vi gidi tii thuong ket'hop vdl danh tii hoac dai tii di bo

nghia cho danh tii va dong tii, hoac kit hop vdi dong tii de tao ra cac cum tii co nghia

nhat dinh

1 Vai tro ciia gi6i tii trong can

(1) Gidi tfir + danh tur

Gidi tii kit hop vdi danh tii de dien dat moi quan he vi tri gitia cac doi tuong

Xem biic hinh dudi day va co gang nghi ve moi quan he vi tri giua cac doi tuong vdi

nhau

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v 9 w 0^

33

® manTbehiruT ", > The man is standing behind the woman

(D woman Jnext toj > The woman is sitting next to the dog

dog / infront of > The dog is lying down in front of the table

@ glass/on

> Some glasses and dishes have been placed on the table

' > There are four chairs arranged around

©chair /around I thetable

NSm glM til' dual: sii dung trong cac vt da tren dla la cac gi« t4 tMng dgng troag tieng Anh

Hay luyen tap xac dinh vi trl oia dot tuong trong biic hinh de viet can

(2) Cum dong tit

V * ""

V t

Lr~ -1

|2a| > The people are waiting to get on board

Biic hinh tren mo ta canh nhieu nguol dang diing cho len tau Khi nhin vao hue hxnh

va tii trong tarn, ban co nghi ra cum dong tir get on khong?

Cum dong tu get on / get off chi hanh dong len/xuohg cac phuoug tien giao thong Cac cum tii tao thanh tii dong tflr va gioi tii hoac trang tu (vl du get on / get off) dugc got la cum dong tu Hau het cac dong tu co ban deu co nhieu cum dong tii khac nhau

J i S ' sjtyhbmputer ] 1- > The girl is sitting at the computer

Tronglru^igTiqEji^^ban phai

Ngoai ra, cum dong tii nay-coru

i diing cum dong tii sit at de viet cau mo ta biic hinh xuat hien d cac thanh ngii nhu sit at a desk, sit at a

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2 Stf bien doi hmh thai cua gi6i td

Gidi tii khong co su bien doi Mnh thai Tuy vay, ban can km y den cac gidi tii duoc t^io thanh tii hai tii trd len de diln dat mot y nghia nhu next to, because of, instead of, hoac in front of

next to /stand j

> The man reading the book is standing next to the shelf

Ngoai ra, ban phai nhd ring dai tii diing sau gidi tii phai duoc doi sang dang dai tii d tiic tu

02 Sentence ,Pfwer

|_Uyen tap each su auflg_-^-^

giai tu de tao cau |j

Chon mot trong cac tu trong tam duo'c cho, dith vao ch6 trdng mot each

thlch hop

(M6i tii chi duoc sii dung mot lan.)

t in / at / on / in front of

© They are standing just the car

©The young man is holding some cleaning stuff his hands

© The older man is putting his hand the other's shoulder

©There are bushes the back of the

Vocab: hold cam, ndm / cleaning stuff dung cu lay nca / bush but cay

jiy I on I outside / to_

© The businessmen are talking

^' ly."'' :c.| © They're waiting tl"16 traffic lights

© They're having a conversation an office complex

Vocab: businessman nha doanh nghiep / traffic light den giao thong I sidewalk le duang I

office complex tda nhd van phdng

\ © They are Ending just in front of the car © The young man is holding some cleaning stuff

in his hands ® The older man is putting his hand on the other's shoulder @ There are bushes

at the back of the car

2 © The businessmen are talking to each other .© They're waiting by the traffic lights,

® The men are standing on the sidewalk ® They're having a conversation outside an - ;

"office complex

www.nhantriviet.com

beside / on / in / through

D There are buildings the other side

of the river

© The park is right the river

© The river runs the middle of the city

© There are no clouds at all the sky Vocabi beside ben canh / right ngqy / middle of ff giffa cua / cloud may

-.Jp, in / of / behind / at

© The people are looking a road

They're standing up the front seat

of their car

@ The car is in the center a field

@ There are some trees the people Vocab: road map ban do chi dirbng / seat clw ngoi / field cdnh dong

SIf® on / next to / along / in j

© The fence runs the water

©A couple of people are standing the wharf

© The lampposts are the fence

@ There is a large white building the background

Vocab: fence hang rao / wharf can tdu / lamppost cot den

3 'v There are buildings on the other side of the river a The park is right beside the river Oi- The river runs through the middle of the city There are no clouds at all in the sky

4 i; The people are looking at a road map ^ They're standing up in the front seat of their car The car is in the center of a field T There are some trees behind the people

5 ® The fence runs along the water ?; A couple of people are standing on the wharf

"i: The lampposts are next to the fence There is a large white building in the background

'vWvy.i 1 i 11j n i i' j v ic i A_i_-

01 Grammar/n Nam^bst cap-hinh|thai qa dancjjva a'l tro cud tung tu loai/trong cau

Co hai tii loal bo nghia tieu bieu: tinh tu bo nghla cho danh tii^va dai tu; trang tu bd

nghla cho dong tu, tlnh tu, trang tii va toan bo cau /

1 Vai tro ciia tii bd nghia trong can

(1) Vai tro bo nghla cho danh tut cua tinh tut

different / horse

> The horses are different sizes

window/open |

> One of the windows is open

0 hai vi du tren, different va open deu la tfnh tu nhung each diing cua chung co su

khac biet Khi bd nghla cho danh tu tinh tit cd the dung trade danh tii (vf du thu

nhat) hoac ddng vai tro bd ngir trong cau true "be + tinh tii" (vi du thu hai) 0 ca hai

truong hop nay, tinh tii khong bien ddi vai tro ca ban la di§n dat trang thai ciia danh

tii ma chiing bd nghia

(2) Vai tro b6 nghla cho danh tir cua cum tmh tu

(3) Vai tro bo nghla cho dong tu cua (cum) trang tit

/ *&&& uejaf ,DJ

cart / row 1 Many shopping carts are lined up in a row

Khi nhin vao hue hinh, ban co ngh! ra duoc cum gidi tii in a row khong?

Trong truong hop nay, cum gidi tii in a row dong vai tro cua cum trang tii bo nghla cho dong tii line up trong cau Luu y la khong nhung cd cac trang tii rieng le bo nghia cho dong tii, ma con cd cac cum trang tii (xem vi du tren)

2 Sif bien doi hinh thai cua tu" bd nghia

Truong hop duy nhat ma tinh tii va trang tii bien doi hinh thai la khi chiing duoc sii dung trong cac cau true cau so sanh

Xem hue hinh dudi day

One horse is bigger than the other

~TiFtroiig-tam la horse / big, vi vay ban cd the viet cau Mot con ngua to ken con ngua kia Neu mu&i^eh^dat-yjigugc lai, ban cd the viet:

One horse is smaller than the other:

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