CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA V11

CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: ILLUSTRATIONS SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS, VOL XL CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENKE PINNA PERNA UMBRELLA PEDUM MALLEUS VULSELLA CEENATULA COLUMBELLA CREPIDULA CRUCIBULUM TROCHITA ANOMIA META PLACUNANOMIA lANTHINA CALYPTR^A LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., COBKESPONDING MKMBEK OF THE NaTlRAI, HISTORV SOCIETY OF Wl'UTEMBEUG, AND OF THE LTCEIM OF NATUKAI HISTORY OP NEW YOKE 'Why stand we gazing on the sparkling With wonder srait by its transparency And brine, all-enraptnred with its purity? Because the unstained, the clear, the crystalline Have ever in them something of benign." Wordsworth LONDON LOVELL REEVE, HENEIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1859 Hoi 1/ ^r'^.:^ " MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PINNA, ' Give me your gloves, I '11 wear them for your sake." Shaks'pea\ Rmia, SowErty 8ei.«.li(h PI I 1/incen.t feooks Iiup -a: ^V^V\ PINNA Genus PINXA, Z, aud the Cape of Good Hope one Testa aguivalvis, obliqua, longitudinaliter cuneiformis,Jil)rolaminaris, plerumque bus, laleribus tulus, sqmmata, umbonibus terminaliCardo lateralis, eden- safe hianlibus snbintemo per totam lonyitudinem liffamento Shell equivalve, oblique, longitudinally wedge-shaped, fibro- laminar, generally scaled, gaping Hinge umboes terminal, sides often lateral, toothless, with the ligament rather internal, continued throughout its whole length large typical species of this genus, P rotundala, being an inhabitant of the Mediterranean, it was one of the few shells described by the old Greek father of natural His designation of IIiiTa was there- history, Aristotle fore ' the western species, fifth, the three finest Three are from the West Indies, one from Honduras, one from Puerto Portrero, and three from South Carolina is necessary to observe them in different stages of growth Individuals which in a young profusion of scales, often denuded of sculpture become roughly laminated and found, even at the same apparent age, so variable as to be scaly in one habitat and in another served, and smooth may however be All these difl'erences their by a an advanced stage of growtli in is state are characterized ob- gradations detected, by sufficiently co- pious observations adopted by the founder of our nomenclature in his Systcma NaturfB genera has that ;' aud it escaped The Finnce mongers is the one of the few Linuajan knife of modern genus- division Species Their chief variation Pinna Chemnitzii ; in others, as in and tubulous ; and in interstitiis transverse striatic P alta species, as P fitmata, They are smooth often brilliant in are all colour, bicolor, and PhlUppinensis Chemnitz's Pinna Out of fully Ma- species of lacca, and the Moluccas chiefly on the south-west Only one species, coast, inhabits our abundant own shores, and three the Mediterranean and Adriatic Australia contributes six fine species, aud New Zealand two, Japan one, interstices slightly Old World which the habitats are known, fifty Shell concentrice subplicatd, ; margine dorsali somewhat arcuately In- trian- sometimes obsolete, smooth, with diately ribbed, ribs dominates half are from the region of the Philippine Islands, miiticis, gular, thin, ventricose, dull-olive, longitudinally ra- of fibrous brittle texture, and though a dull-olive rather pre- are chiefly inhabitants of the te- longitudinaliter ra- curvato, plerumque muricato-squamato the The Pinna ; plicis distantibus, cito evanidis others, as P nobiUs and rugosa, promiscuously distorted; while many Mus Cuming.) diaiim costatd, costis interdum subobsoktis, with which they are mostly armed being in some, as in Cumingu, raised b, Finn, testa subarcuato-trigond, nui, ventricosd, sordide olivaced, in sculpture, the scales is P serrata, very minute aud sharp and (Fig a, are so nearly allied in form and tis- sue that they are scarcely susceptible of even subgeneric in Panama and the same species Muscular impression compound The are from In examining the species of this genus, great care Impressio muscularis composita continuo Of comprising only the proportion of a transversely plicated, disappearing; striated; concentricallv the folds being distant and soou dorsal margin incurved, generally prickly scaled H.4.NLEY, Pro Zool Soc 1858, p 136 Hab Phdippine Islands A ; Cuming thin ventricose shell of a sombre-olive colour, pricklv scaled only along the dorsal edge February, 1859 -^ '>;a %& Jhuui, Till I \'vl;^^ '^^'f; A&ncexit ExooV.s> Soweriy < Ixrip MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PLACUNANOMIA ' Each creature holds an Yet what But In all all man stirs a insular point in space fing»',r, : breathes a sound, the multitudinoas beings round the countless worlds, with time and place for their conditions, down to the central base, Thrill, haply, in vibration Life answering life and rebound across the vast profound In full autiphony, by a common grace!" Elizabeth Barrett Browning Tlacimancmia Pl.l '.^^^}^^m^' "Vii.rent Bronte bnp PLACUNANOMIA Plate PLACUNANOMIA, Genus I Species Broderip (Mus Cuming.) PLACUN.4N0MIA ECHINATA Plac testd subtumidd, v.ai- Testa suiaquivalvis, irregularis, tenuis, interdimi soUdius- duobus divaricati^ coiivergerdUms hi valvd u/feriore, Valva sulcis duobtis ligument'iferis in superiore dio fusco tinctd The prickly Placunanomia Shell somewhat swollen, infe- upper valve radiately prickly-scaled rior prope cardinem fismrata vel whitish, stained ; trigono-perforata, in the perforatione cardiiie descendente, tendinem adhasloiiis subosseam interdum inter testa laminas insertam, admittente albidd^ me- vd snperiore radiatim echinato-sqtiamatd ; plerumque complauata, cardine interno dmiihus cula, BuoDERip, middle with brown Pro Zool Soc 1834, p Hab Island of Nevis, West Indies (dredged up attached Impressio mmcularis in valvd inferiore unito shells ca, in superiore dupUcata, subcentralis from sandy mud, at a depth of six fathoms); Mr Powers Shell nearly equivalve, irregular, thin, sometimes rather solid, generally smooth ; hiuge internal, composed in the lower valve of two divaricate, converging teeth, Lower the upper of two ligamentary grooves in valve fissured hinge triangularly perforated or near the perforation descending from the hinge, admit- ; ting a partially bony tendon of adhesion, wliioh be- comes sometimes inserted between the lamina; of the Muscular impression shell in the Dr Gray regards this species as an imperfect specimen if this raiiy orifice for the Broderip, on a single species collected by Mr Cuming to partake of these typical characteristics, but : iu the orifice in the lower valve, through which the ossified tendon of adhesion, or plug, passes, is open (so is soldered some more Owing to the soldering of the orifice, the so far restricted iu is some its BiiODERip, Pro Zool Soc 1834, Pododesmus Ilab ; this is not, it large enough The to Species (Fig scure itself species, orifice is admit the utmost growth of the tendon it will be seen, are Cuming's from widely-spread a, b, argenteo-albidd, Mus Cuming.) Plac testd subrotundatd, obvirescenie-tinctd, complanata, Placunanomia Shell somewhat rounded, obscurely silvery-white, tinged with green, smooth, plaited at the margin, plaits largely angular Broderip, Pro Zool Soc 1832, p 29 Hab Gulf of Dulce, province of Costa Rica, Central Ame- lo- rica calities, the orifice margine pUcatd, plicis ma.nme angularibus however, as Mr Bro- In most of the species the Philippi solid substance, with Placunanomia Cumingii derip had reason to suppose from the P Cumingii, a character of the genus p Havana; to species in the form of a plate between the lamina; of the surrounding shell thick, decipiens, Philippi West Indies; Broderip Of rude growth and tendon of adhe- growth as to insinuate Shell dead-white, orifice small not or less rude modification of sion in Plac testd sordide alba, crassd, concentrically irregularly wrinkled, polished within, speak) by the intervention of a divaricate, Placuna-Vikt hinge, or by (Mus Cuming.) The rude Placunanomia iu the origi- Their generic peculiarity con- at the top as in Anomia, but It made Inrgei' foratione parvd as a dozen other species have been none are they so conspicuously developed as sists in this it." much concenirice irregulariter corriigatd, intua politd, per- iu approaching very nearly to that of P/acuna, in connection nal Placunanomia Cumingii a tendon of adhesion Species with the appearances and distinguishing organization of As many The P.fuUuto has Placunanomia rudis the Gulf of Dulce, Central America, presenting a hinge found might not be the case when he described be so, but I cannot find that Mr Broderip has any such statement lower valve single, This remarkable genus was founded in 1S32 by Mr Anomia of the genus Pro Zool Soc 1849, p 121, that " Mr Broderip doubted the upper valve double, nearly central in monograph oi P.foUata, and states in his one of which inhabits our own shores (dredged from a muddy bottom at a depth of eleven fathoms, attached to dead bivalve shells and dead coral); Cuming August, 1859 PLACUNANOMIA.— Plate I In this species, the original one described by Mr Bro- derip as the type of the genus, the orifice of the lower valve is restricted to an adhesion presses oblong itself into a fissure, (Mus Cuming.) Plac testa subdiaphand, sub- Placunanomia foliata and the tendon of circulari, rudi, mbfoliatd space between the laminse ; sordide alba, intus splen- dente, valvcB swperioris medio purpureo-fu-ico perfo- ; of the surrounding shell ratione maxima The foliated Placunanomia Species (Mus Cuming.) Shell subdiaphanous, nearly circular, rude, rather foliate Placunanomia Zealandica Plac testa suborMctdari, albidd, complanatd, valvd superiore radiaiim liratd, liris subdistantibus ; orifice intus caritleo-virente The Zealand Placunanomia rather distant ; p Hab Hab A It is which are obsoletely scaled, and rather irregular !J mud, at the depth of eleven fathoms) not impossible that this species more advanced Zealand scales have semitransparent blue-green shell, radiated with tine ridges, Zool Soc 1834, p Muerte, Bay of Guayaquil, West Columbia ii 261 New Isle of of sandy Zealand, vol -, (dredged up, attached to a dead Pinna, from a bottom interior blue-green New dead-white, shin- very large Brodekip, Pro Shell nearly orbicular, whitish, smooth, upper valve radiately ridged, ridges Aiiomia Zealandica, in Dieli'enbach's ; ing within, middle of the upper valve purple-brown I from that state of become obsolete It is species, so far as the mens enabled us may prove to be a P eehinata, in which the prickly however distinguished number of specimuch larger orifice limited to judge, by a very Placufumimia PI Viiu eTvi:JBroaks,linp E PLACUN ANOMI A Plate (Fig a, Pl.^cunanomia ione i, c, II Mus Cuming.) Species (Fig Plac testa suborbiculari, aMndd, laminari, laminarum, margine spiculis parvis elonyalis imlructo, perforatione maxima The violet Placunanomia ; elongated processes, transversa, perforation verj' ; Strange The surface of this shell, abrasion of the radiating spicular processes occasioned by some other ; trans|}areni-white ; orifice rather small Hub Island of Martinique, West Indies described by Dr Gray as being laminar, appears to be an the attachment of Shell ovate or obliquely transverse, concentrically delicately fimbriately scaled, Pro Zool Soc 1S49, p 123 The smooth portion of the upper eximie Jimbrialo-sguamatd, pellucido-albd ; perforatione par- Harford's Placunanomia large scales prickly Ha6 Sydney, Australia (on rocks) ; Mus Cuming.) Plac testa ovatd vel oblique viusculd interior green Gkay, concenirice squamis muricatis intus virente Shell nearly orbicular, whitisb, laminar, edge of the laminaj furnished with small a, b, Placunanomia Harfordi shell surface of this species is delicately sculptured with concentric lamina;, surmounted with sharply erect scales Mr Frederic Harford, an acute conchologist and most siduous collector, after it, whom as- have the honour to name also possesses specimens Fig a represents the plug or tendon of adhesion Fig the upper valve, and Fig c the lower valve Species Placunanomia macrochisma diusculd, radiativi Plac testa ovatd, rude pUcato-costatd, irregidaribus, hie illic iumidis ei bifurcatis lari, soli- solid, costis valde ; lutescente- cular, This ; radiately rudely plicately ribbed, ribs Cuming Kamtschatka fine species is distinguished ; there, Anomia ; or flattened, interior greenish ; radiately ridged and apex removed from the patelliformis, Linnaeus, Syst Nat p 1152 Anomia squama, Gmelin Anomia undulata, Gmelin Ostrea striata, Pulteney Anomia Deshayes by a broadly-ribbed and bifurcated, and by a very large striatd; ; Loven striata, Hab Northern shores of Europe to fifty fathoms) growth, the ribs being very irregular, swollen here and and el Shell nearly orbi- margin Anomia macrochisma, Deshayes, Revue Soc Cuvierienne, 1839, Mag de Zool 184.1, pi 34 Onalaska convex striated Shell ovate, very irregular, here and there swollen and bifurcated Plac testa suborbicu- The dish-shaped Placunanomia yellowish-white; perforation very large llab (Mus Cuming.) convexd vel planatd, radiatim liratd intus virescente ; apice non marginali albd ; per/oralio)ie mawiim The largely perforated Placunanomia rather Placunakomia patelliformis Species (Mus Cuming.) ; (at a depth of from five Forbes and Hanley This small fragile species, the only one known on our orifice own is shores, is but very slightly striated peculiar in being ; whilst the apex somewhat removed from the margin Placiu Pi m fe ^r,>4;^ •^ S iTifaijy, id ctliK "/mcert Brofika, Iinj/ PLACUNANOMIA Species 10 (Fig a, Gouldi I'l.^cunanomia testa radiatim minute sqiMmato-driatd, matis ; Shell striis muriealo-isqna- somewhat scaled ; Gray, Pro ; Zool Soc 1849, p triangularly 121 A very delicate transparent species, curiously wrinkled and nwdleated throughout dead-white, interior yellowish-brown ? Species 13 (Fig a, A for ; orifice rather large Hab California ovate, radiately minutely scale-stviated, strife prickly- Hab transparent-white mUrhjono-ovala, sordicle alba, intus lutescerde-funrd Gould's PLACUNANOsirA everywhere wrinkle-indenicd ately minutely striated, Mus Cuming.) b, Plac small species, not referable to any hitherto described, which Mr Cuming is Mus Cuming.) b, Placunanomia Australica Plac testa transverse ova- indebted to Dr Gould, of BosId, radiatim tenuiliratd, minute muricato-sqimmu- liris ton, United States tis ; pellmido-albd, intus cceruleo-virente The Australian Placunanomia Species 11 (Fig a, I'l.ACUNANOMFA ALOPK Plac testd orbiculari, apice vix niarginali, valvd superiori plana, radiatim corruyato- roUald, cudia subundatis The fox 1'lacunanomia marginal, upper valve ribs Gray, waved ; scaled Shell orbicular, apex scarcely ; transparent-white, ifiterior blue-green Hab Australia Finely virencente-albd ; throughout sculptured with minutely scaled ridges radiately wrinkle-ribbed, flat, greenish-white Species 14 (Fig a, b, Mus Cuming.) Pro Zool Soc 1849, p 122 Placunanomia Hab California radiatim In this species the ribs have posed Shell transversely ovate, radiately finely ridged, ridges minutely prickly- Mus Cuming.) h, in waved radiating an irregular character, abnormalis divaricato-liratd, Plac testa orbiculari, promisctte nndutis, liris dis- wrinkles minute squamatis ; -mrdide albd, int/is virescente The abnormal Pl.\cunanomia Shell orbicular, radi- ately divaricately ridged, ridges promiscuously waved, Species 13 (Fig a, Pxaccnanomia CEPlo b, minutely scaled Mus Cuming.) Plac testa orbiculari, radiatim minute striata, uudique rtigoso-malleatd ; pellucido- The albd; perforatione sabampld The crystal Placunanomia Gray, Pro Hab West Shell orbicular, radi- ; dead-white, interior greenish Zool Soc 1849, p 121 Indies radiating ridges of this species promiscuously wrinkled character have a ppculi;u PLACUNANOMIA H Reeve abnormalis, Gray 111 alope, iifuy III 11 Ilarfordi, Reeoe Australica, Reeve 111 13 ionc, III cepio, Gray Cumingii, ecliiiiata, foliiita, i/;-o(/CTV/) Broderip Broderip Goiilili, Gray 13 macrochisma {Anomia), Deshaycs I patelliformis {Anomia), Limiseus 1 nulls, Broderip I Zealandica, Gray