CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA V10

: CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: ILLUSTRATIONS SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS, VOL X CONTAINING MONOGEAPHS OF THE GENERA AMPULLARIA GANCELLARIA LITTORINA SOLETELLIIMA CAPSELLA MYTIUJS MODIOLA SANGUmOLARIA LITHODOMUS PSAMMOBIA PSAMMOTELLA AVICULA CAPSA LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S SOCIETY OF WUKTEMHEKG, AND OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL COKKESPONDING HISTORY OF NEW YORK And never, since the middle summer's spring Met we on hill, in dale, forest, or mead, By paved fountain, or by rushy brook Or on the beached margent of the sea To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind But with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sport." Shakesfeare LONDON LOVELL REEVE, HENEIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1858 — — MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS A M P ' He U L L A R looks abroad iuto the varied Of Natnre, and though field poor perhaps, cunipared With those whose mansions Calls the delightful scenery glitter in his sight, all his own, His own the monntains, and the valleys And the resplendent rivers." Cowprr his, I x\ Ampiillffn^i, I^l I- \ >»T oowerlry clrl, et lith "feicenc Brooka Imp ; AMPULLARIA Plate AMPULLARIA, Genus I Caillaud on his return from his expedition to the Nile Lamarck Testa glohom vel ovata, plus minus umbilicata, raro imper- On placing some of his Ampullaria in a basin of water, forata, epidermidc crassmsculd olivaced induta, spira M Caillaud unexpectedly found modo siUiira simplici, modo canaliculatd, anfradiius plus minus veniricosis, lavigatis; aperturd sichampld, lahro simplici Shell globose or ovate, more or life, by recent less umbilieated, rarely ita- perforated, covered with a rather thick olive epider- suture of the spire sometimes simple, sometimes of his specimens is travellers in comparatively few collected localities, that more than probable the genus abounds to a much we have extent than at present any idea it larger It does not, of however, exist in the great rivers of North America or of is peculiar to warm and ; Operculum some- lip simple many and M D'Oi-bigny discovered the existence North-temperate Europe, and channelled, whorls more or less ventricose, smooth aperture rather large, to So many new species of Ampullaria have been Operculum, nunc corneum nunc calca- remn, aperturam claudens uais, come of a distinct pulmonary apparatus tropical latitudes times horny, sometimes calcareous, closing the aperture Species (Mus Cuming.) The sombre hue and olndous similarity of form, desti- tute of any indication of sculpture, of the shells of Avipullarla, much have led to this genus beiug very by the collector tion, in and ; their uuattiactive swampy marshes, ponds, and very inviting to the traveller including among A Benson Amazon, Mr Dyson in MM spire Salle AmpullaiiaAimximg ample series of a ; and the hundred and result is flatly in the following thirty species, nearly two- new to science, and of which scarcely known to the author of the llistoire des A monogTaph of the genus -Ynimaux sans Vertebres.' thirds of which are a dozen were red-brown Hab A part, whorls rounded broadly flattened at the angle, then ; aperture ovate, lip simple ? light, somewhat inflated species, with the whorls broadly rotundately angled round the uppeif part ' in 1851, in -M Species (ilus Cuming.) Kuster's Conchylien Cabinet' of Chemnitz, but it is Ampullaria ampUter founded on very imperfect materials The exserted, convex; yellowish, stained and banded with ' was published by Dr Philippi edition of the obtusely round the upper Ceylon, have directed their energies since Lamarck's time to somewhat squarely Shell globose, rather thin, deeply angularly umbibcatcd, Honduras, Mr and Mr Layard and Mr Templeman species of Ampullaria are exceedingly well-defined, Spixii Amp testd globoso-turbinatd, sui- iimbilicatd, spird subobtusd, anfractibus ru- tundatis, lavibus, subangustis, superne declivibus though bearing great general resemblance, and, what is lutescente, fasciis interne castaneis cingulatd; many of circulari-ovaid, lahro simplici not usual with moUuscs aflecting such habitats, them are stained at the aperture The now animal, as is with brilliant colour sufficiently well known, is Spix's Ampullaria of an largely which adapts it which may be at its D'Orbigny, Voy dans I'Amer This peculiarity, observed originally by Mr Guilding at the Caribbee Islands, was noticed first in dctnil bv M spire rather bands; aperture circular-ovate, habitation, one time flooded and at another dry Shell globosely turbinated, rather umbilieated, obtuse, whorls upper part; yellowish, encircled with dark chestnut to breathe either air or water, ac- cording to the requirements of the place of aperturd rounded, smooth, rather narrow, slanting round the amphibious nature, possessing a double system of respiration, rnfo- plici The copper A.mpullaria Caillaud in Africa, Mr Yates and Mr in Mexico, in India, lutescente, ; fusco tinctd et fasciatd ; aperturd ovatd, labro sim- few ardent naturalists, >Vallace at the rivers Marafion and and Ghiesbrecht deinde plano-convexis rotundatii, has not been M D'Orbigny and Mr the foremost M ad angidimt exsertd, anfraciibus superne late planatis, range of habita- rivers, Ariip testd subquadrato-globosd, tenuiculd, profundi angulato-umbilicatd, spird obtusi neglected Bridges on the banks of the great rivers of Bolivia, Dr Spis iu Brazil, AMPULL.4.IIIA CUPRINA 7, Hab lliver Parana, December, 1S5G lip simple Mci-id p 37(5 pi 52 South America !' AMPULLAEIA.— Plate A tine turbiuated species, of Cyclostoma-Vkt growth, conspicuously banded and lineated with dark chestnut I I The coknccopia Ampullakia Shell oblong-ovate, ob- liquely produced, nan-owly umbilieated, spire short, ! rather acuminated, whorls rounded, smooth, shining, upon a yellowish ground slanting round the upper part ; livid-brown, encircled with naiTOW red bands and lines (Mus Cuming.) Species Of light turd angude profundi canalwulatd, mifractibua con- substance, elegantly obliquely convoluted, with the aperture boldly effused virescente-olivaeed, fascik angustis pallidi oli- ; vaceia cingulatd; aperturd tio-lutescente, ohhngo-omtd, fauce auran- cairulescente faaciatd, Species dmplici, labro The giant Ampullabia globose, Shell ventricosely very large, narrowly umbilicaled, spire very hm convexis, ; latd ; aperture oblong-ovate, interior orange- p pi f This truly larciiw, superne decUvibus Mro aperturd ovatd, ; sordide luies- eolutnellari calloso, ap- presso, albo The thick Ampullakia Shell somewhat squarely glo- bose, thick, imperforated, spire rather short, obtuse, Hnh Solomon's River, Brazil whorls convex, smooth, slanting round the upper fine species is quite ventricose growth tesld subquadrato-ghbosd, cente, fasciis liiieisgue castaneis subdistatitiius cingu- yellow, blue-banded, lip simple, black spotted within Spix, Testacea Fluviatilia Brasiliensia, (Mus Cuming.) Amp crassd, imperforatd, spird breviusculd, obtusd, anfracti- short, immersed, sutwe narrowly deeply channelled, whorls convex ; greenish-olive, encircled with narrow faint- bands Ampullakia crassa intus nigro-macwlato olive aperture ovate, Eab Columbia Amp tedd ventricoso-, tm, angude umhilicatd, spird brevissimd, immersd, su- Ampullatia gigas vexis ; rather large, effused remarkable for and immersed channelled its dull yellowish, encircled with rather distant part; bold chestnut bands and lines spire ; aperture ovate, columellar lip callous, appressed, white SwAiNsoN, Amp tedd Vmplllaria cornucopia oblique superne decUvibus rufis ; pi 101 Helicina exumbilicata, Spix brevi, aub- rotundatis, lavibtts, nitentibus, livido-fuscescente, lineis fasciisque angudis cingidaid; effum iii Ampullaria OUvieri, Deshayes oblongo-ovatd, proimtd, anguste umbilicatd, spird acuminatd, mfractibus Zool Illus (First Series), vol Helix crassa, Spix Species (Mus Cuming.) aperturd ovatd, mbampld, Ampullaria Brownii, Tay I Hab Brazil Chiefly distinguished lip, which is by its white, callous columellar appressed over the place of the umbilicus , Ampu liana Sowerby del ctlitK U-actait FI Brooka Tmrp JI AV I C Species 57- (Mus Cuming.) ULA a rather thin epidermis, painted with a mottled character, more which becomes Aticula ckocea and more obsolete towards the testa subanguste obliqud, con- Avic margin vexd, lavigatd, striis ffissimd, gracili ; dmplicibm increnienti, aid lon- vivide croceo-miniatd, fasciis casta- Species 59 (Mus Cuming.) neis angttstis radiatd The saffron Avicula Avicula spectruji Shell rather narrowly oblique, convex, smooth, with simple very long and slender ; strise The ghost Avicula 205 vol xi pi f lestd perobUqud, striis concentrieis serratis iiidittd, narrow chestnut bands Chemnitz, Conch Cab Avic somewhat 2023, 2026 Conspicuously distinguished by ; edge, Cuming Shell very oblique, rather convex, striaj, serrated at the wing rather produced Hah Island of Mindoro, Philippines its aid suhproductd pearly, covered with a light-drab epider- mis, arranged in concentric Avicnla Chmensis, Leach HaA Island of Mindoro, Philippines convexius- culd, sithnmrgaritaced, epidermide pallide spadiced, in of growth, wing bright saffron-red, rayed with ; Cuming bright saffron-red Very oblique colour and very long slender wing form, and of a pale, in ghastly drab- colour Species 60 (Mus Cuming.) Species 58 (Mus Cuming.) Avicula marmokata margaritaced, epidermide tenui decidud indv.td, concentrice striatd, Avicula porjcosa Avic tesid oblique mbquadratd, solidiusculd, ; purpureo-rnfo utidique midato-marmo- tesid oblongo-ovatd, convexd, Avic lavigatd, intense ru/d, tinctd, concentrice sulcato-striatd, livido-purpureo aid latiusculd, vix I ratd, intemiore rvfd versus marginem, obscure pallide The handsome Avicula radiatd, aid latiusculd The mottled Avicula sinuatd I Shell obliquely somewhat purple, mis, concentrically striated, mottled throughout with waved purple-red, towards the margin darker red, obscurely light-rayed, Broadly winged, of a wing rather broad soUd, rather square, pearly, covered with a thin deciduous epider- convex, wing rather broad, scarcely sinuated ffab ? This fine species solid pearly texture, covered with Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, dark-red, tinged with Uvid- concentrically groove-striated, wing June, 1857 is less is allied elongated, and to A Iteteroptera, it differs in form but the AvicitlcL, JPl ^owiaiy cfl etHth JTZ ^feicent Broote AV I C U L A Plate XVI convexiiisculd, cinereo-grised vel nigricante, Species 61 (Mus Cuming.) vexiuscula, leevigatd, liris confertis concentricis iuquinaid, viride castaneo-rufo epidermide liratd minute serratd versus marginem m- purpurea undatd, epidermide fibrosa minute foliatd indutd in Avic tcstd angude obligm, con- AvicuLA INQUINATA The half-arrow Avicula rate, rather convex; Shell obliquely subquad- ash-grey or blackish, purple dtdd, aid late superjicialiter canaliculatd The dyed Avicula Shell narrowly convex, smooth, stained with oblique, rather e))idermis in close-set concentric ridges bright chestnut-red, covered towards the margin with a minutely-serrated ridged epidermis, wing broadly superficially chan- Lamarck, Eab of Very obliquely formed, with the wing unusually broadly Anira sans vert vol vii p 98 ? This nelled Hob Singapore with a minutely-festooned fibrous waved, covered is the nearest to agree with Lamarck's definition The semi-sagitta .-/ identification necessarily doubt- is ful superficially channelled 65 (Mus Cuming.) Avicula argentea Species 62 (Mus Cuming.) Avic testd suborbiculari, aid lata productd, solidinsculd, argenteo-grised, purpureo un- AviCDLA EXIMIA castaneo-rufd, versus Avic angmte testd elongatd, iridescente, epidermide tenui, minute serratd datd, pallide radiatd, epidermide The silvery avicula marginem indutd, valvd dextrd eleganter marmo- ratd et radiatd solid, nulla silvery-grey, rippled with purple, faintly rayed, epidermis very slight The delicate Avicula Shell narrowly thin, iridescent, chestnut-red, elongated, Hab ? covered towards the margin with a minutely-seixated epidermis, right Of a peculiar silvery hue, prettily rayed, witli purple, having white rays passing through valve elegantly mottled and rayed Hab via: Shell suborbicular, with a broad produced wing, rather rippled it ? An extremely delicate elongately-winged shell, of a pe- culiar iridescent chestnut-colour This shell has but it is all the appearance of a distinct species, entirely covered with a coating of coral Species 63 (Mus Cuming.) Avicula gregata ve-xd, Avic testd oblique rotmtdatd, cou- Species 67 (Mus Cuming.) aid longissimd, gracili; pellncido-purpureo-rufd; epidermide fibrosa foliatd minute serratd indutd The gregarious Avicula covered ; rufo-caslaned, obscure anguste radiatd, valvis irujequa- transpa- libus with a minutely-serrated festooned fibrous epidermis The dissimilarly-winged Avicula orbicular, Hab Tutudla, Samoa Islands A transparent purple-red shell, rather rounded and con- Shell obliquely with a very long wing, convex, smooth, pearly, blight reddish-chestnut, obscurely narrowly rayed, valves unequal vex, with a slender elongated wing, covered with a beautifully-serrated, festooned, fibrous epidermis Avic testd oblique orbiculari, aid longissimd, convexd, lavigatd, margaritaced, vivide Shell obliquely rounded, convex, with a wing very long and slender rent purple-red; Avicula heteroptera Lamarck, Anim sans vert vol vii p 98 Avicula sterna, Gould Hab Species 64 (Mus Cuming.) Avicula semi-saggita Avic testd oblique subquadratd, New Holland There can be little doubt of marckian A heteroptera this being the true La- Ayimla.FI.im % , :^ ^M '-t 4A ^^1 S'TvverW del etlith "Wncent Brocks Iirrp AVICULA blackish-purple rays, margin laminar, conspicuously Species 68 (Mus Cuming.) AvicULA Placunoides Jvic testa mbconwa, pied within longitudimliter Qvuld, siiperne subquadrata, tenui, semipellucidd, plana, Gould, Moll U f lutescente-albd, fasciis angustis opaco-albis midaiis radiata, nigricante-purpureo promiscue S Exploring Expedition, p 443 pi 39 599 Avicula maeulata, Gould ma- Hab Pitcaim's Island culaid The Placuna-like Avicula Shell longitudinally ovate, sonaewhat square at the upper part, thin, semitransparent, horny, rather flat, yellowish-white, rayed A species of solid structure, inlaid with yellowish delicate nacre, remarkable for an extremely its prolonged laminar margin being conspicuously pied with narrow waved opake white bauds, promiscuously blotched with blackish-purple ITab (Mus Cuming.) Species 72 Australia Remarkable thin Flaciim-like structure, rayed for its irregularly with Avicula maura Avic testa oblique oblongd, tenui, la- vigatd, nitente-nigrd, alba sparsim waved opake bauds, and promiscuously vmrmoratd, epider- mide decidud minute serratd, aid subproductd blotched with purple-black The moor Avicula Shell obliquely oblong, minutely-serrated deciduous epidermis, wing Avicula libella jivic testa oblique orbictdari, valde convexd, aid gracili, elongatd ; lutescente-corned ; epi- dermide serratd minute foliatd indutd The deagon-fly Avicula horny ; Shell obliquely orbicular, a long slender wing; yellowish- very convex, with thin, smooth, shining-black, sparingly marbled with white, Species 69 (Mus Cuming.) rather produced Hub Sydney A shining, jet-black shell, with a finely serrated thin, thick-set epidermis on the ear covered with an elaborately festooned serrated epidermis Species 73 (Mus Cuming.) Hab China Seas A Avicula cornea Avk semitransparent, horny, clongately-winged shell, most elaborately festooned with a minutely-sen-ated epidermis testa oblique oblongd, convexius- culd, olivaceo-corned, Icevigatd, aid laiiusculd The horny Avicula Shell obliquely oblong, rather convex, olive, horny, smooth, wing rather broad Species 70 Avicula vexillum (Mus Cuming.) Ilab Avic testa oblique quadratd, inar- quivalvi, pellucido-corned, tenuissimd, sirigis amplis A ing Jamaica; Gosse plain, olive, itself to horny shell, moderately winged, attach- Gorgonia purpureo-nfis marnioratd The flag Avicula Shell obliquely square, inequivalve, transparent horny, very thin, Hab Ceylon A (in deep water) Species 74 (Mus Cuming.) marbled with large purple-red streaks Avicula fucata ; Gardner shell of very transparent substance, Avic testa longitudinaliter oblongd, subquadrata, convexd, tenuiculd, purpureo-rufo dense radiatd, laminis tenuibus planis concentricis nmpliter boldly marked with promiscuous dark stripes, destitute of any winged serratis obsitd The stained Avicula appendage Shell longitudinally somewhat square, convex, rather with Species 71 (Mus Cuming.) Avicula pica Icsvigatd, radiis nigricante-purpureis Gould, U irregularibus marnioratd, margine laminari, intus con- largely seiTated, Pro Bost Soc Nat Hist vol S Exploring Expedition, p iii 441 p pi 309 39 ; f Moll 551 Hab Japan spiciie pica The pied Avicula oblong, thin, closely rayed beset with thin, concentric laminse flat, Avic testa trigono-ovatd, crassd, convexd, virescente-albd, purple-red, Shell triangularly ovate, thick, con- vex, smooth, greeuish-white, Chiefly marbled with irregular June, 1857 distinguished by its radiating pattern of red Jtncula^^M.im' SiTiv-eili^r ii.et'j ~/incent Srooks Iiffp AVICULA Plate XVIII Species 72 (Fig 68, Mus Brit.) AvicuLA viTEEA aid latd, late Species 74 (Fig 70, Mus Brit.) Avic testd oliUque curvatd, subspathusmiiatd, teiiid ; pellucido-albd ; Avicula reticulata param conwxd, plano-gquamatd, sguamis fere obsohtk The glassy avicula obliquely Shell what spathulate, with the thill transparent-white ; ; win;^ but little striatd, epidermide curved, some- broadly sinuated, convex, with the wing rather broad flatly nut Hab West Indies Flat with a few scarcely-developed fes- tooned scales ; Avicula Atlantica (Fig 69, Mus The Atlantic Avicula aid late simiatd tis Shell obliquely ovate, rather convex, wing rather broadly sinuated, smooth dark purple-black, vert vol vii p stria; 102 Avicula heteroplera, Sowerby, in Genera of Shells Mytilus morio This species has doubtless a wide range of habitation marks ; covered with a couceutric network of raised Hai Australia; Jukes is Shell obliquely oblong, triangular, with the wing broadly sinuated Deshayes, Anim sans Lamauck, Anira sans vert vol vii p 98 Mytilm amcula seu Mr undo, Chemnitz filleted intense purpureo-nigrd, striis eleva- concentricis reticulatim indutd ; with brown arrow-headed spots distinguishing characteristic Avic testd oblique oblongd, trigond, ; Savigny's Avicula jjurple-brown, rayed with light narrow bands, bands bands, most exquisite Species 75 (Fig 71, Mus Brit.) Avicula Savignyi fuscis ctispid-atis vittatis light a network Avic testd oblique ovatd, solidi- usculd, convexd, aid sublaie simiatd, laviffatd; purpureo- Us most The epidermis presents finely tufted Brit.) fuscd, fasciis angustis pallidis rudiatd, fasciis maculis of narrow near the Allied to A lata, but rather different in form, and of darker colour Species 73 filleted dark rich purple-chest- Hab Australia example of solid, triangularly ovate, Shell ; finely concentrically striated, covered margin with minutely reticulated epidermis and transparent, of thin PlacmiaAWt substance, spathulate, minute reticulatd profe marginem indutd The keticulated Avicula scaled, scales almost obsolete obliquely Avic testd trigono-ovatd, aid la- tiusculd ; intense purpureo-castaned ; temte concentrice the rayed pattern with brown arrow-headed A fine Dillwyn ; Hab Pulo Condore ; Mus Brit purple-black species, with a broad, expanded, not elongated, wing, beautifully sculptured with centric stria; June, 1857 fine con- AVICULA pecies XIII aculeala, Sovverby aerata, X Reeve ala-corvi, Cliemniiz XII ala-perdicis, Reece VI Brown Anglica, XIII IX Auoaiioides, Reeve argentea, Reeve XIV XVI assula, Reeve XL aquatilis, Reeve Allantica, Brown XIII Atlanticn, Lamarck XVIII V barbata, Reeve XIII castanea, Reeve cetra Reeve Chamoides, Reeve Ckinensis, Leach cornea, Reeve IX XI XV XVII, crocea, Chemnitz XV Cumingii, Reeve IV electrina Reeve eximia, Reeve falcata, fibrosa, XII XVI Lamarck XIII Reeve XIV fimbriata Reeve IX fiabellum Reeve V flammata Reeve XI flexuosa, Reeve IV formosa, Reeve XV fucata, Gould gregata, Reeve heteroptera, XVII XVI Lamarck XVI Sowerby XVIII heteroptera, hirundo, Turton XIII hystrix Reeve VIII imbricata, Reeve VI inquinata, Reeve XVI iridescens Reeve XIII irradians, Reeve X irrasa Reeve lacunata, Reeve X X