TestBank psychology around us 2nd edition comer ch06

Chapter: Chapter 06: Consciousness Short Answer Name elements that are involved in conscious awareness Ans: Attention, monitoring, remembering, planning Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Easy True/False To be fully conscious of an event, we must be aware that we are attending to it Ans: True Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank Weiskrantz’s study suggested that the areas of the brain that allow us to attend to stimuli are different from the areas that make us aware that we are attending to such stimuli The term used to describe this phenomenon is Ans: blindsight Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Medium Short Answer What group of individuals did Sperry and Gazzaniga investigate in their research programs to determine the roles played by the different hemispheres of the brain in regulating conscious attention? Ans: Split-brain patients Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Hard Essay Describe the difference in conscious awareness regulation produced by the left and right hemispheres of the brain Ans: The left cerebral cortex appears to be responsible for verbal awareness, whereas the right cerebral cortex appears to be responsible for nonverbal forms of conscious awareness such as tactile awareness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice What portions of the thalamus play the role of a “train conductor” in overseeing the routing of messages we are consciously aware of? a) Neurons AND Axons b) Midline nuclei AND intralaminar nuclei c) Neurons AND midline nuclei d) Axons AND intralaminar nuclei Ans: b Feedback A: Nerve cells; part of neurons Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Nerve cells; conductor of messages Feedback D: Part of neurons; conductor of messages Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Medium True/False If either the intralaminar or midline nuclei of the thalamus are damaged, people lose consciousness and enter a deep coma Ans: True Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank There is evidence that babies can direct their attention before the age of Ans: two years Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank A baby must develop a sense of to be fully aware of him/herself as a separate being from others Ans: self Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Easy Essay 10 Describe how consciousness may be rooted in language Ans: Babies cannot reflect on their thoughts and behaviors because they cannot represent them with language Due to this lack of language ability, some researchers argue that babies not fully develop consciousness until approximately 22 months of age Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 11 Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between attention and consciousness? a) Attention is necessary for consciousness b) Attention is a product of consciousness c) Attention is sufficient for consciousness d) Attention is the same as consciousness Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Consciousness arises in part from attention Attention is necessary but not sufficient for consciousness Feedback C: Incorrect Attention is necessary but not sufficient for consciousness Feedback D: Incorrect Attention is not equal to consciousness Attention is necessary but not sufficient for consciousness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Hard 12 Recall your text’s discussion of monitoring, remembering, and planning Which of the following conclusions concerning the nature of consciousness might be drawn from your text’s discussion of these elements? a) Consciousness is oriented to the here and now: It reflects current awareness of the immediate environment b) Consciousness entails bringing past experience to bear on the processing of the immediate environment c) Conscious awareness is directed toward the present and to the immediate future An awareness of the immediate environment guides the selection of the next behavior d) Conscious awareness involves the processing of the immediate environment informed by past experience as well as future intentions Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Conscious awareness involves the processing of the immediate environment informed by both past experience and future intentions Feedback B: Incorrect Conscious awareness involves the processing of the immediate environment informed by both past experience and future intentions Feedback C: Incorrect Conscious awareness involves the processing of the immediate environment informed by both past experience and future intentions Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Hard 13 Which of the following alternatives best captures what happens in the brain when we become aware of a stimulus? a) Certain neurons in the brain become active b) One group of neurons, or network, comes to dominate the brain’s activity c) Multiple networks of neurons become more active d) All the neurons in the brain increase their level of activity Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect When we become aware of a stimulus, multiple neural networks increase their activity Feedback B: Incorrect When we become aware of a stimulus, multiple neural networks increase their activity Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect When we become aware of a stimulus, multiple neural networks increase their activity Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 14 Which of the following subcortical structures in the brain is especially important for consciousness? a) hippocampus b) thalamus c) hypothalamus d) amygdala Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect The thalamus, not the hippocampus, is especially important for consciousness Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect The thalamus, not the hypothalamus, is especially important for consciousness Feedback D: Incorrect The thalamus, not the amygdala, is especially important for consciousness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Easy 15 Which of the following statements best expresses the importance of blindsight for our understanding of consciousness? a) Blindsight reveals the role of the thalamic nuclei in consciousness b) Blindsight indicates the different contributions to consciousness of the right and left hemispheres c) Blindsight suggests that consciousness is different from awareness d) Blindsight underscores the contribution to consciousness of parallel processing in multiple neural networks Ans: c Feedback A: Feedback B: Feedback C: Feedback D: Section Ref: Incorrect Blindsight suggests that consciousness is different from awareness Incorrect Blindsight suggests that consciousness is different from awareness Correct! Incorrect Blindsight suggests that consciousness is different from awareness When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 16 Mr Altschuler insists that he sees no objects in a room, yet he manages to avoid bumping into furniture and tripping over items on the floor What seems to be Mr Altschuler’s condition? a) Mr Althschuler has a thalamic lesion b) Mr Altschuler has visual agnosia c) Mr Altschuler’s corpus callosum has been severed d) Mr Altschuler has blindsight Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Mr Altschuler has blindsight, not a thalamic lesion Feedback B: Incorrect Mr Altschuler has blindsight, not visual agnosia Feedback C: Incorrect Mr Altschuler has blindsight Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 17 Which neuroscientist is most closely associated with split-brain studies? What did these studies demonstrate regarding consciousness? a) Split-brain studies are associated with Roger Sperry The studies show that the left hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the right hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness b) Split-brain studies are associated with Roger Sperry The studies show that the right hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the left hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness c) Split-brain studies are associated with Lawrence Weiskrantz The studies show that the left hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the right hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness d) Split-brain studies are associated with Lawrence Weiskrantz The studies show that the right hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the left hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Split-brain studies show that the left hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the right hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness Feedback C: Incorrect Split-brain studies are associated with Roger Sperry Feedback D: Incorrect Split-brain studies are associated with Roger Sperry The studies show that the left hemisphere contributes to verbal awareness, while the right hemisphere underlies nonverbal awareness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 18 Which of the following thalamic nuclei is involved in conscious awareness? a) lateral geniculate nucleus b) intralaminar nucleus c) ventromedial nucleus d) medial geniculate nucleus Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect The intralaminar nucleus is involved in conscious awareness The lateral geniculate nucleus is involved in vision Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect The intralaminar nucleus is involved in conscious awareness The ventromedial nucleus is in the hypothalamus Feedback D: Incorrect The intralaminar nucleus is involved in conscious awareness The medial geniculate nucleus is involved in vision Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Easy 19 Ms Badeaux has suffered damage to her left midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei Most likely, Ms Badeaux will: a) lose awareness of events happening on the right side of her body b) have difficulty naming objects c) appear unaware of objects in her environment d) lapse into a coma Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Ms Badeaux should lose awareness of events on the right side of her body Feedback C: Incorrect Ms Badeaux should lose awareness of events on the right side of her body Feedback D: Incorrect With midline and intralaminar damage in only the left hemisphere, Ms Badeaux should lose awareness of events on the right side of her body Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Hard 20 Based on your text’s discussion of the development of consciousness during infancy, which of the following statements is MOST accurate? a) The development of the self-concept depends on the development of consciousness b) The development of the self-concept precedes the development of consciousness c) The development of the self-concept follows the development of consciousness d) The development of the self-concept occurs simultaneously with the development of consciousness Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Your text suggests that the development of the self-concept precedes the development of consciousness Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Your text suggests that the development of the self-concept precedes the development of consciousness Feedback D: Incorrect Your text suggests that the development of the self-concept precedes the development of consciousness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Hard 21 Chyna is 20 months old Danae is 24 months old Which of the following choices best describes the development of the self-concept and of conscious awareness more broadly in these infants? a) Both infants have consciousness Only Danae, though, has a self-concept b) Both infants have a self-concept Only Danae, though, has consciousness c) Both Chynna and Danae have both a self-concept and consciousness d) Neither Chynna nor Danae has either a self-concept or consciousness Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Both infants have a self-concept Only Danae, though, has consciousness Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Both infants have a self-concept Only Danae, though, has consciousness Feedback D: Incorrect Both infants have a self-concept Only Danae, though, has consciousness Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 22 Enrique is 16 months old Fidel is 20 months old A researcher dabs rouge on the foreheads of each of these infants and then holds each in front of a mirror in turn What should happen? a) Both infants will try to touch the mirror b) Each infant will touch his own forehead c) Enrique will touch his forehead Fidel will touch the mirror d) Enrique will touch the mirror Fidel will touch his forehead Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Because a stable sense of self develops around 18 mo., Fidel will touch his forehead, not the mirror Feedback B: Incorrect Because a stable sense of self develops around 18 mo., only Fidel will touch his forehead Feedback C: Incorrect Because a stable sense of self develops around 18 mo., Fidel will touch his forehead, whereas Enrique will touch the mirror Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Learning Objective: Define different levels of conscious awareness, and describe key brain structures and functions associated with those levels Difficulty Level: Medium 23 Based on your text’s discussion, which of the following alternatives best reflects a current controversy among theorists examining the development of consciousness in infancy? a) whether it is possible to investigate the self-concept among very young infants b) whether the development of a self-concept precedes or follows the development of consciousness c) whether the development of consciousness depends on the development of language d) whether the development of consciousness depends on the development of a self-concept Ans: c Feedback A: development Feedback B: development Feedback C: Feedback D: development Section Ref: Incorrect Your text suggests that a current controversy is whether the of consciousness depends on the development of language Incorrect Your text suggests that a current controversy is whether the of consciousness depends on the development of language Correct! Incorrect Your text suggests that a current controversy is whether the of consciousness depends on the development of language When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Benzodiazepines include Valium Feedback C: Incorrect Benzodiazepines include Xanax Feedback D: Incorrect Benzodiazepines include Ativan Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 192 Approximately what proportion of American adults becomes addicted to benzodiazepines at some point in their lives? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d) 5% Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect About 1% of the population becomes addicted to benzodiazepines at some point during their lives Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect About 1% of the population becomes addicted to benzodiazepines at some point during their lives Feedback D: Incorrect About 1% of the population becomes addicted to benzodiazepines at some point during their lives Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 193 Endorphins are neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce tension Their action in the brain is mimicked by: a) opioids, such as Xanax b) opioids, such as heroin c) alcohol d) benzodiazepines, such as Xanax Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Xanax is a benzodiazepine, not an opiate Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Endorphins are mimicked by opioids, such as heroin Alcohol influences the neurotransmitter GABA Feedback D: Incorrect Endorphins are mimicked by opioids, such as heroin Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 194 Your text states that heroin overdoses shut down the respiratory center in the brain Drawing on your knowledge of the brain, you might surmise that heroin overdoses affect the _ a) brainstem b) midbrain c) limbic system d) neocortex Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Respiration is controlled by the brainstem, not the midbrain Feedback C: Incorrect Respiration is controlled by the brainstem, not the limbic system Feedback D: Incorrect Respiration is controlled by the brainstem, not the neocortex Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Hard 195 Based on your knowledge of the nervous system and on the text’s discussion, which of the following statements most accurately describes the effect of caffeine and the other stimulants on the nervous system? a) They decrease central nervous system activity b) They increase sympathetic nervous system activity c) They decrease sympathetic nervous system activity d) They increase parasympathetic nervous system activity Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Stimulants increase rather than decrease central and sympathetic nervous system activity Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Stimulants increase rather than decrease central and sympathetic nervous system activity Feedback D: Incorrect Stimulants increase sympathetic rather than parasympathetic nervous system activity Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 196 After lunch, Katya enjoys a cup of coffee and a cigarette, thereby consuming two _ a) benzodiazepines b) depressants c) stimulants d) opioids Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants, not benzodiazepines Feedback B: Incorrect Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants, not depressants Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants, not opiates Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 197 Stimulants include each of the following drugs EXCEPT: a) cocaine b) nicotine c) morphine d) methamphetamine Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect Cocaine is a stimulant Feedback B: Incorrect Nicotine is a stimulant Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect Methamphetamine is a stimulant Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 198 Worldwide, about % of the population consumes caffeine every day In the U.S., % of all individuals over the age of 12 regularly smoke tobacco Commented [w8]: Text doesn’t have prevalence for caffeine use that I could find a) 50; 20 b) 50; 30 c) 80; 20 d) 80; 30 Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect About 80% of the people in the world consume caffeine every day Around 30% of Americans over 12 regularly smoke tobacco Feedback B: Incorrect About 80% of the people in the world consume caffeine every day Feedback C: Incorrect Around 30% of Americans over 12 regularly smoke tobacco Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 199 About how many people die each year in the U.S as a result of smoking? a) a quarter-million b) half a million c) one million d) two million Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Close to a half million Americans die each year because of smoking Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Close to a half million Americans die each year because of smoking Feedback D: Incorrect Close to a half million Americans die each year because of smoking Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 200 About % of high school seniors have used cocaine in the past year About % of Americans over the age of 12 is addicted to cocaine a) 6; b) 10; c) 10; d) 15; Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Commented [w9]: Text doesn’t say this It says: Around 28 millionpeople have tried cocaine, and 2.4 million—the majority of them teenagers or young adults—are using it currently (NSDUH, 2010) It suggests that 6% of teens have used methamphetamine – was this mixing up the two? Feedback B: Incorrect About 6% of high school seniors have used cocaine in the past year About 1% of Americans over 12 is addicted to cocaine Feedback C: Incorrect About 6% of high school seniors have used cocaine in the past year About 1% of Americans over 12 is addicted to cocaine Feedback D: Incorrect About 6% of high school seniors have used cocaine in the past year About 1% of Americans over 12 is addicted to cocaine Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 201 Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects in the brain by: a) stabilizing dopamine activity b) increasing dopamine activity c) increasing serotonin activity d) mimicking endorphins Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects in the brain by increasing rather than stabilizing dopamine activity Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects in the brain by increasing dopamine activity, not serotonin activity Feedback D: Incorrect Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects in the brain by increasing dopamine activity, not by mimicking endorphins Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 202 Cocaine has been linked to about _% of all suicides among people under the age of 60 a) 10 b) 20 c) 35 d) 50 Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Cocaine has been linked to about 20% of all suicides among people under the age of 60 Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Cocaine has been linked to about 20% of all suicides among people under the age of 60 Commented [w10]: I don’t see this information in the text Feedback D: Incorrect Cocaine has been linked to about 20% of all suicides among people under the age of 60 Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 203 Fawn consumed a large amount of a drug at a party She is talkative, on edge, and somewhat irritable Of the following, the drug she most likely consumed is: a) heroin b) marijuana c) Ativan d) methamphetamine Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Fawn’s behavior reflects the effects of methamphetamine, not heroin Feedback B: Incorrect Fawn’s behavior reflects the effects of methamphetamine, not marijuana Feedback C: Incorrect Fawn’s behavior reflects the effects of methamphetamine, not Ativan Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 204 In the past 15 years, the number of Americans who have tried methamphetamine has: a) doubled b) tripled c) quadrupled d) increased by a factor of 10 Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect In the past 15 years the number of Americans who have tried methamphetamine has quadrupled Feedback B: Incorrect In the past 15 years the number of Americans who have tried methamphetamine has quadrupled Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect In the past 15 years the number of Americans who have tried methamphetamine has quadrupled Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 205 Which of the following statements CORRECTLY identifies a difference between cocaine and methamphetamine? a) Cocaine and methamphetamine increase the activity of different neurotransmitters b) Methamphetamine lasts longer in the body than does cocaine c) Methamphetamine produces an emotional letdown when it leaves the body Cocaine does not d) Cocaine does not produce the increase in alertness and energy that methamphetamine does Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Cocaine and methamphetamine both increase dopamine activity Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Both methamphetamine and cocaine produce an emotional letdown when it leaves the body Feedback D: Incorrect Cocaine and methamphetamine both produce an increase in alertness Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 206 Of the men testing positive for HIV in Los Angeles in 2004, what proportion reported having used methamphetamine? a) 1/5 b) 1/4 c) 1/3 d) 1/2 Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect Of the men testing positive for HIV in Los Angeles in 2004, 1/3 reported having used methamphetamine Feedback B: Incorrect Of the men testing positive for HIV in Los Angeles in 2004, 1/3 reported having used methamphetamine Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect Of the men testing positive for HIV in Los Angeles in 2004, 1/3 reported having used methamphetamine Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 207 About how long does an “acid” (LSD) trip usually last? a) hours b) hours c) hours d) 12 hours Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect An acid trip lasts about hours Feedback B: Incorrect An acid trip lasts about hours Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect An acid trip lasts about hours Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 208 LSD influences the operation of the neurotransmitter in the brain a) serotonin b) norepinephrine c) endorphins d) GABA Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect LSD influences serotonin, not norepinephrine Feedback C: Incorrect LSD influences serotonin, not endorphins Opioids influence heroin Feedback D: Incorrect LSD influences serotonin, not GABA Alcohol influences GABA Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 209 The most commonly used hallucinogen in the U.S is a) cocaine b) Ecstasy c) LSD d) marijuana Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect The most commonly used hallucinogen in the U.S is marijuana Cocaine is a stimulant Feedback B: Incorrect The most commonly used hallucinogen in the U.S is marijuana, not Ecstasy Feedback C: Incorrect The most commonly used hallucinogen in the U.S is marijuana, not LSD Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 210 Your text states that, “many people on a marijuana high fail to remember information, especially recently learned material.” Drawing on your knowledge of the brain, you might hypothesize that this impairment reflects a potential effect of marijuana on a structure in the brain called the a) hypothalamus b) hippocampus c) thalamus d) cerebellum Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect The failure to remember recent information suggests an effect of marijuana on the hippocampus, not the hypothalamus Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect The failure to remember recent information suggests an effect of marijuana on the hippocampus, not the thalamus Feedback D: Incorrect The failure to remember recent information suggests an effect of marijuana on the hippocampus, not the cerebellum Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Hard 211 In the 1970s, marijuana use rarely led to addiction Why, then, are so many marijuana smokers now getting caught in pattern of addiction? a) Marijuana is more readily available than in the past b) Marijuana use itself is increasing, because it has become more socially acceptable than it was in the past c) Marijuana today contains more THC than it did in the past d) Marijuana is more often mixed with stronger drugs, such as cocaine, than was the case in the past Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect Marijuana is more addictive today than in the past because it contains more THC, not because it is more available Feedback B: Incorrect Marijuana is more addictive today than in the past because it contains more THC, not because it is used more often Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect Marijuana is more addictive today than in the past because it contains more THC, not because it is mixed with stronger drugs Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 212 The key neurotransmitter in the brain’s pleasure pathway is a) GABA b) serotonin c) endorphins d) dopamine Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect The key neurotransmitter in the brain’s pleasure pathway is dopamine, not GABA Feedback B: Incorrect The key neurotransmitter in the brain’s pleasure pathway is dopamine, not serotonin Feedback C: Incorrect The key neurotransmitter in the brain’s pleasure pathway is dopamine, not endorphins Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 213 Which statement below best describes how psychoactive drugs influence the brain’s reward center? a) All drugs stimulate the brain’s reward center directly b) All drugs stimulate the brain’s reward center indirectly c) Cocaine and amphetamines stimulate the brain’s reward center indirectly; other drugs stimulate it directly d) Cocaine and amphetamines stimulate the brain’s reward center directly; other drugs stimulate it indirectly Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Cocaine and amphetamines stimulate the brain’s reward center directly; other drugs stimulate it indirectly Feedback B: Incorrect Cocaine and amphetamines stimulate the brain’s reward center directly; other drugs stimulate it indirectly Feedback C: Incorrect Cocaine and amphetamines stimulate the brain’s reward center directly, not indirectly; other drugs stimulate it indirectly, not directly Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 214 Which psychoactive drug below is CORRECTLY matched with its class? a) marijuana – stimulant b) cocaine – sedative-hypnotic c) heroin hallucinogen d) alcohol depressant Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect Marijuana is a hallucinogen Cocaine is an example of a stimulant Feedback B: Incorrect Cocaine is a stimulant Xanax is an example of a sedative-hypnotic Feedback C: Incorrect Heroin is an opioid Marijuana is an example of a hallucinogen Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 215 Which psychoactive drug below is CORRECTLY matched with the primary neurotransmitter it influences? a) methamphetamine dopamine b) alcohol serotonin c) heroin GABA d) LSD endorphins Ans: a Feedback A: Feedback B: Feedback C: Feedback D: Section Ref: Correct! Incorrect Alcohol influences GABA Serotonin is affected by LSD Incorrect Heroin mimicks endorphins GABA is affected by alcohol Incorrect LSD influences serotonin Endorphins are mimicked by heroin Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 216 Which category of psychoactive drugs below is CORRECTLY matched with its effects on thought and behavior? a) hallucinogens – slow the activity of the central nervous system; reduce tension and inhibitions b) stimulants – increase the activity of the central nervous system c) sedative-hypnotic drugs – produce changes in sensory perception d) depressants – produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect Hallucinogens produce perceptual changes Depressants slow the activity of the central nervous system and reduce tension and inhibitions Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect Sedative-hypnotic drugs produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness Hallucinogens produce perceptual changes Feedback D: Incorrect Depressants slow the activity of the central nervous system and reduce tension and inhibitions Sedative-hypnotic drugs produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 217 Beth feels like she has the flu She also feels irritable and restless Alonzo has been depressed for a while and can’t seem to get out of bed Chantel is shaking Her heart is racing, she is sweaty, and her blood pressure has gone up Danny is irritable His appetite has increased, and his sleep cycle is off Which alternative below CORRECTLY pairs one of these individuals with the psychoactive drug from which he or she is withdrawing? a) Alonzo nicotine b) Beth methamphetamine c) Chantel alcohol d) Danny marijuana Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect Alonzo illustrates methamphetamine withdrawal Nicotine withdrawal is illustrated by Danny Feedback B: Incorrect Beth displays marijuana withdrawal Methamphetamine withdrawal is illustrated by Alonzo Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect Danny displays nicotine withdrawal Marijuana withdrawal is shown by Beth Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Hard True-False 21 Marijuana that’s grown today has greater THC content than the marijuana that was grown in the early 1970s Ans: True Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy Multiple Choice 22 Marijuana is classified as a _ a) hallucinogen b) stimulant c) depressant d) narcotic Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect Marijuana is a hallucinogen, not a stimulant Feedback C: Incorrect Marijuana is a hallucinogen, not a depressant Feedback D: Incorrect Marijuana is a hallucinogen, not a narcotic Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 23 Approximately _ of all people in the United States have used LSD or a hallucinogen at some time in their lives a) 3-4% b) 14-15% c) 24-25% d) 49-40% Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect According to the text, more than 14% of all people in the United States have used LSD or a hallucinogen at some time in their lives Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect According to the text, more than 14% of all people in the United States have used LSD or a hallucinogen at some time in their lives Feedback D: Incorrect According to the text, more than 14% of all people in the United States have used LSD or a hallucinogen at some time in their lives Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Easy 24 Which of the following statements about the psychoactive drug salvia is false? a) Salvia is currently a legal substance b) Salvia induces hallucinations c) The effects of salvia are short and can be unpleasant d) Salvia has a similar chemical makeup to drugs like LSD and marijuana Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect This statement is true Feedback B: Incorrect This statement is true Feedback C: Incorrect This statement is true Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium 25 In 2010 Miley Cyrus was photographed using , a psychoactive drug that can cause short hallucinations and feelings of disconnection from one’s body a) salvia b) marijuana c) cocaine d) ecstasy Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect This statement is true Feedback C: Incorrect This statement is true Feedback D: Incorrect This statement is true Section Ref: Psychoactive Drugs Learning Objective: List and describe common depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs and their effects Difficulty Level: Medium ... important for consciousness? a) hippocampus b) thalamus c) hypothalamus d) amygdala Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect The thalamus, not the hippocampus, is especially important for consciousness Feedback... in conscious awareness? a) lateral geniculate nucleus b) intralaminar nucleus c) ventromedial nucleus d) medial geniculate nucleus Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect The intralaminar nucleus is involved... level of consciousness does this name information reside? a) Preconscious b) Unconscious c) Conscious d) Altered Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Not in the unconscious because James has