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Chapter 16 Approximately how many people (children, adolescents, and adults) in the United States receive therapy for psychological problems in the course of a year? a) million b) million c) 10 million d) 20 million Ans: d Feedback A: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems Feedback B: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems Feedback C: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium Which of the following is NOT one of the features of all therapies, according to Jerome Frank? a) A warm, supportive environment to foster healing b) A sufferer who seeks relief from a healer c) A trained, socially accepted healer d) A series of contacts between the healer and sufferer to produce change Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: This is one of the three features Feedback C: This is one of the three features Feedback D: This is one of the three features Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Easy Surveys suggest that approximately _ of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships a) 10% b) 25% c) 40% d) 65% Ans: b Feedback A: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships Feedback D: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium Whereas close to _ patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given day in 1955, only about _ populate the same institutions today a) 200,000 / 20,000 b) 400,000 / 20,000 c) 600,000 / 40,000 d) 800,000 / 40,000 Ans: c Feedback A: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today Feedback B: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Hard Which of the following therapy techniques is based on the brain approach to treating psychological disorders? a) Psychosurgery b) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) c) Drug therapy d) All of the above Ans: d Feedback A: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the brain approach Feedback B: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the brain approach Feedback C: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the brain approach Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium True-False The number and variety of problems for which treatments are available have increased during the past 110 years Ans: True Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium More than two-thirds of today’s therapy patients are male Ans: False Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Easy People at all socioeconomic levels now receive both outpatient and inpatient therapy Ans: True Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Easy Members of ethnic minority groups in the United States tend to seek treatment for their psychological problems more often than white Americans Ans: False Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Hard 10 Clients who have severe psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are more likely to work with a psychologist than psychiatrist Ans: False Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium 11 Hospitalization for people with psychological disorders today usually lasts weeks instead of months or years Ans: True Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium 12 Most people are treated for psychological disorders on an inpatient basis Ans: False Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 13 Studies estimate that _ percent or more of people with psychological disorders never seek treatment Ans: 50 Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium 14 In the clinical field today there are, by some estimates, more than forms of therapy, each practiced by clinicians who believe that their chosen methodology is highly effective Ans: 400 Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 15 How internet sites that promote eating disorders work against therapy? Ans: Internet sites that promote eating disorders provide social support for maladaptive behavior Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Hard Essay 16 Compare the psychotherapy and biological therapy approach to treating psychological disorders Ans: Psychotherapy is a treatment system in which a client and therapist use words and acts to overcome the client’s psychological difficulties Biological therapy involves the use of physical and chemical procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Easy 17 Describe the various ways that people enter therapy Ans: Many people decide to consult a therapist on their own Others may so on the advice of a friend, family member, minister, physician, or other professional with whom they have discussed their difficulties Still others are forced into treatment Parents, spouses, teachers, and employers may virtually order people to seek treatment if they are causing disruptions or are in obvious distress In addition, judges may formally pronounce people mentally disturbed and dangerous and commit them to a mental hospital for treatment Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Medium 18 Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic therapy Ans: Psychodynamic therapy offered first major alternative to biological treatments Another strength of the psychodynamic approach is that abnormal functioning is viewed as being rooted in same processes as normal functioning The psychodynamic approach has been used as a model for many other psychological treatments However, the biggest weakness is that research does not support the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Hard 19 Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of behavior therapy Ans: The primary strength of the behaviorist approach is that research often supports the effectiveness of its treatments However, the effects of treatment may not always last long after treatment stops Behavior therapy may also neglect unobservable cognitive processes Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment Difficulty: Hard Fill-in-the-blank 20 Drugs that act primarily on the brain to relieve the symptoms of mental disorders are referred to as drugs Ans: psychotropic Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 21 antipsychotic drugs are not as likely to produce unpleasant and dangerous effects as traditional antipsychotic drugs Ans: atypical Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium True-False 22 Just as negative experiences can interact with brain activity to produce abnormal functioning, positive experiences can interact with the brain to make our functioning more normal Ans: True Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 23 Deep brain stimulation is widely used to treat patients who report minor depressive symptoms Ans: False Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 24 What percentage of individuals treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) experience symptom relief? Ans: Approximately 70% of patients experience symptom relief Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard Essay 25 How can transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) be used to treat depression? Ans: TMS involves having a clinician place an electromagnetic coil on or above the patient’s head The coil sends a current into the prefrontal cortex At least some parts of the prefrontal cortex of depressed people are underactive TMS appears to increase neuron activity in those regions: it helps to alleviate severe depression 26 Describe the procedures used in the Vagus nerve stimulation treatment of depression Ans: In this procedure, an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the left vagus nerve That nerve then delivers electrical signals to the brain, helping to reduce depression in many people Multiple Choice 27 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for patients who have severe a) schizophrenia b) generalized anxiety disorder c) borderline personality disorder d) depression Ans: d Feedback A: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression Feedback B: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression Feedback C: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 28 Approximately _ transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patients who are treated daily for four weeks report alleviated depression a) 40% b) 55% c) 65% d) 80% Ans: c Feedback A: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS treatment Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS treatment Feedback D: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS treatment Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 29 Approximately _ vagus nerve stimulation patients who are treated daily for four weeks report alleviated depression a) 40% b) 55% c) 65% d) 80% Ans: c Feedback A: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus nerve stimulation treatment Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus nerve stimulation treatment Feedback D: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus nerve stimulation treatment Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 30 Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe a) depression b) Parkinson’s disease c) epilepsy d) All of the above Ans: d Feedback A: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy Feedback B: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy Feedback C: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 31 Psychiatrists are likely to which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders? a) Humanistic approach b) Brain approach c) Behavioral approach d) Cognitive approach e) Sociocultural approach Ans: b Feedback A: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach Feedback D: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach Feedback E: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 32 Connections in what part of the brain are severed when a lobotomy is performed? a) Frontal lobes b) Thalamus c) Amygdala d) Pons Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Not manipulated in a lobotomy Feedback C: Not manipulated in a lobotomy Feedback D: Not manipulated in a lobotomy Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Easy True/False 33 Lobotomies are used frequently by modern therapists to treat mental disorders Ans: False Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 34 The prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull of a person who behaved in an odd manner was called Ans: trephination Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard Short Answer 35 Name side effects of patients who underwent lobotomies? Ans: Death, seizures, stupor Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Essay 36 Describe the shortcomings of the biological approach to treating mental disorders Ans: Treatments are capable of producing significant undesirable effects; often ignore the fact that behavior occurs as a result of non-biological factors such as experience Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard 37 Which of the following statements about biologically based disorders is true? a) In most biologically-based disorders, a single gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder b) If someone has a genetic predisposition for a particular disorder, that person will develop the disorder c) More psychological disorders are caused by problems in neurotransmitter levels than by genetic problems d) Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes Ans: d Feedback A: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes Feedback B: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes Feedback C: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 38 Chlorpromazine and clozapine are types of _ drugs a) anti-psychotic b) anti-depressant c) anti-anxiety d) mood stabilizers Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications Feedback C: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications Feedback D: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain Short Answer 113 List techniques that are commonly used by Gestalt therapists Ans: Skillful frustration, role playing, exercises, games, etc Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium True/False 114 Skillful frustration includes refusing to meet a client’s expectations or demands Ans: True Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 115 Intense emotional expression may result when individuals engage in which Gestalt technique? Ans: Role playing Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Essay 116 Describe existential therapy How is the concept of freedom addressed? Ans: Existentialists believe that we are born with complete freedom of choice in either giving meaning to our lives or shrinking from that responsibility Existential therapists urge clients to take responsibility for their own lives and choose paths that allow them to live with greater meaning and stronger values Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 117 What therapeutic approach focuses on the optimistic belief that people are born with a natural inclination for goodness and growth? a) Cognitive behavioral b) Existentialism c) Behaviorism d) Humanism Ans: d Feedback A: This approach focuses on altering behavior by changing thought processing Feedback B: This approach focuses on increasing accurate awareness of oneself and living authentically Feedback C: This approach focuses on replacing problem-causing behaviors with more adaptive ones Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 118 Which of the following about humanistic theory is FALSE? a) Humanistic therapists encourage people to change their irrational assumptions by actively challenging the client b) It is based on the idea that we naturally try to fulfill our potential for good, and for growth c) It is more optimistic about human nature than existentialism is d) Psychological dysfunction occurs when people habitually deceive themselves and create a distorted view about things that happen to them Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: This is true about humanistic theory Feedback C: This is true about humanistic theory Feedback D: This is true about humanistic theory Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 119 Which of the following statements is most likely to be said by a Rogerian therapist? a) You did a nice thing; you’re a nice person b) You are going to have trouble with people if you continue to that c) I want you to think only positive thoughts about yourself d) It sounds like you believe that you should be happy, and you don’t know why you’re unhappy Ans: d Feedback A: This is a (positive) evaluation or judgment of the person Feedback B: This is an evaluation or judgment Feedback C: This is directive, and devalues the client’s right to look at himself or herself honestly Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard 120 Gestalt therapy was originated by a) Carl Rogers b) Fritz Perls c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis Ans: b Feedback A: Gestalt theory was proposed by Fritz Perls Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Gestalt theory was proposed by Fritz Perls Feedback D: Gestalt theory was proposed by Fritz Perls Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Easy 121 Which of the following things would Gestalt therapy have in common with Rational Emotive Therapy? a) Intentionally frustrating clients b) Challenging clients’ perceptions c) Imposing rules on the therapeutic process d) Providing unconditional positive regard Ans: b Feedback A: This is not a characteristic of RET Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: This is not a characteristic of RET Feedback D: This is a Rogerian concept, and not characteristic of Gestalt therapy Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard 122 In skillful frustration, therapists intentionally provoke clients in order to a) generate catharsis b) identify irrational thought patterns c) help clients gain insight into their own manipulative behavior d) produce transference Ans: c Feedback A: This is a Freudian concept Feedback B: This is Ellis’s concept Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: This is a Freudian concept Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 123 Which of the following is NOT a technique that a Gestalt therapist would use? a) Role playing b) Exercises and games c) Skillful frustration d) Offering unconditional positive regard Ans: d Feedback A: This is a Gestalt technique Feedback B: This is a Gestalt technique Feedback C: This is a Gestalt technique Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Easy 124 Ben is going for therapy because of his depression The therapist encourages him to fully express his emotions, even to an extreme degree The therapist is probably a) using Rational Emotive Therapy to help the client identify his irrational emotions b) using Gestalt Therapy to teach the client how to accept feelings that previously made him uncomfortable c) using Freudian therapy to facilitate free association d) using Rogerian therapy to encourage genuineness Ans: b Feedback A: RET encourages people to identify irrational thoughts Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: This would be closer to the Freudian concept of catharsis Feedback D: Genuineness is a characteristic displayed by the therapist, not the client Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 125 Gestalt techniques have been included in a group of other treatments that refer to themselves as _ focused Ans: emotion Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Easy True-False 126 Although some studies report improvements among people who receive client-centered therapy, most controlled research finds it to be of limited effectiveness Ans: True Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium 127 Gestalt therapists believe that subjective experiences and self-awareness can be measured objectively in controlled laboratory studies Ans: False Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Medium Essay 128 Compare and contrast the humanistic and existential approach to therapy Ans: Gestalt therapists, like client-centered therapists, move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance But unlike client-centered therapists, gestalt therapists often try to this by challenging and frustrating the clients Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard 129 Which of the following is true about both Existential and Humanistic theory? a) Both believe that we have complete freedom of choice b) Both believe that people are naturally inclined to live constructively c) Both regard the therapist is an expert who can provide answers for the client d) Humans must have accurate awareness of themselves to live meaningful, well-adjusted lives Ans: d Feedback A: This is an existential position Feedback B: This is a humanist position Feedback C: Neither position proposes this Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Humanistic and Existential Therapies Learning Objective: Describe humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders Difficulty: Hard Fill-in-the-blank 130 After World War II when the demand for psychological services grew, therapy became popular Ans: group Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 131 What type of group therapy meets without the direct leadership of a professional clinician? Ans: Self-help groups Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Easy Essay 132 Describe the “curative” features of successful forms of group therapy Ans: Provide guidance and models of appropriate behavior; members should be allowed to take risks and accept criticism as well as discover that other people have similar problems; members can acquire and improve social skills and develop feelings of self-worth by helping others Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 133 Which of the following is a guiding principle of the family systems theory? a) Each family has its own implicit rules b) The relationship structure is dysfunctional c) Differences in communication are minimized d) Some members create more controversy than others Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Not a guiding principle; not necessarily the case Feedback C: A desirable result of family therapy Feedback D: Not a guiding principle; not necessarily the case Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium True/False 134 Couples involved in marital therapy must be married or at least living together Ans: False Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 135 The divorce rate in North America and Europe is approximately Ans: 50% Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Easy Essay 136 What are the types of prevention related to community mental health treatment? Describe how they differ Ans: Primary prevention consists of efforts to improve community attitudes, whereas secondary prevention consists of identifying and treating psychological disorders in the early stages Tertiary prevention aims to provide effective treatment as needed so that moderate or severe disorders not become long-term problems Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 137 What percent of clinical psychologists offer some form of group therapy? a) Very few – less than five percent b) Some – between 10-15% c) Quite a few – nearly one-third d) Most – more than half Ans: c Feedback A: Approximately 1/3rd practice group therapy to some degree Feedback B: Approximately 1/3rd practice group therapy to some degree Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Approximately 1/3rd practice group therapy to some degree Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Easy 138 Group therapy is effective for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) Members often provide each other with models of appropriate behavior b) Members discover others who have similar problems c) Members develop feelings of self worth by helping others d) Members feel more comfortable discussing issues without any trained professionals judging them Ans: d Feedback A: This is a characteristic of group therapy Feedback B: This is a characteristic of group therapy Feedback C: This is a characteristic of group therapy Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 139 Group therapy originated as a result of a) demands for cheaper forms of therapy b) demands for time-saving alternatives to individual therapy c) a loss of confidence in health care professionals d) the emerging emphasis on humanistic therapy Ans: b Feedback A: This may be a result, but it was not the original reason Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: This may be characteristic of self-help groups, but not of group therapy in general Feedback D: Groups therapy is available for a wide variety of problems and treatments Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 140 According to family systems theory, a) families are often disrupted by the maladaptive behavior of an individual member b) families actively conspire to make one person the scapegoat for all of the family’s problems c) many of the problems in modern society are caused by a breakdown of the traditional family system d) for one family member to change, the family system must be changed Ans: d Feedback A: Family systems theory views the entire family as one unit Feedback B: Family systems theory views the entire family as one unit Feedback C: Family systems theory views the entire family as one unit Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 141 Which of the following is true about family therapy? a) The entire family meets with the therapist at the same time b) The family is treated as one unit, rather than as a group of individuals c) Family therapists tend to use an eclectic approach d) Family therapy is not generally as effective as individual therapy Ans: b Feedback A: Families not necessarily have to meet with the therapist at the same time Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Family therapists use a broad range of therapeutic specialties Feedback D: Family therapy is helpful to many people; some report success rates as high as 65% Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 142 The Hooverville Board of Education has just launched a smoking awareness program to try to reduce the number of students who start smoking This is an example of _ prevention a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) educational Ans: b Feedback A: Primary prevention occurs at the legislative of funding level Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Tertiary prevention consists of treating problems that already exist The school board is trying to prevent new smokers from starting Feedback D: Secondary prevention consists of detecting and treating psychological disorders in the early stages, before they reach serious levels Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Hard 143 Which of the following would be an example of primary prevention? a) A state-run HMO sets up a walk-in clinic to reduce people’s reliance on hospital emergency rooms b) After it becomes clear that Frank’s “social drinking” is really problem drinking, Frank’s wife gets rid of all the alcohol in the home so their teenagers can’t start experimenting c) Morgan is enrolled in a diabetes support group to assist her in managing her condition d) The various associations attempting to reduce spinal cord injuries lobbies congress to pass bicycle helmet laws for children Ans: d Feedback A: This is secondary prevention Feedback B: This is secondary prevention Feedback C: This is tertiary prevention Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Hard 144 Proponents of seatbelt laws are attempting to practice a) legislative prevention b) primary prevention c) secondary prevention d) tertiary prevention Ans: b Feedback A: There is no such term Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Political action is a form of primary prevention Feedback D: Political action is a form of primary prevention Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 145 Approximately _ of couples in couples therapy display improved marital functioning a) one-fourth b) one-third c) half d) two-thirds Ans: d Feedback A: Approximately two-thirds of couples in couples therapy display improved marital functioning Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Approximately two-thirds of couples in couples therapy display improved marital functioning Feedback D: Approximately two-thirds of couples in couples therapy display improved marital functioning Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium 146 Ronald is a new member of the self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Over the past few weeks Ronald has discovered that many other people have similar problems and this realization that he is not alone is helping him through his recovery Which of the following “curative” features of group therapy is Ronald responding to? a) Guidance b) Group cohesiveness c) Universality d) Catharsis Ans: c Feedback A: Universality involves discovering that other people have problems similar to your own Feedback B: Universality involves discovering that other people have problems similar to your own Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Universality involves discovering that other people have problems similar to your own Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Hard True-False 147 According to research, people treated in couple therapy show greater improvements in their relationships than people who fail to receive such treatment Ans: True Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Easy 148 Group therapy is often less helpful than individual therapy Ans: False Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium Essay 149 What kind of issues or problems can be effectively addressed in a self-help group? Ans: Self-help groups can be used to treat alcoholism and other forms of substance abuse, compulsive gambling, bereavement, overeating, phobias, child abuse, medical illnesses, rape victimization, unemployment, and divorce Section Ref: Formats of Therapy Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 150 Describe the four questions that are addressed in therapy outcome studies Ans: (1) Is therapy in general effective?, (2) How effective are particular therapies?, Are particular therapies especially effective for certain problems?, (4) Is therapy equally effective across race and gender? Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium Essay 151 Discuss the behaviors and characteristics of successful therapists Ans: Successful therapists tend to similar things: (1) They provide feedback to clients (2) They help clients focus on their own thoughts and behavior (3) They pay careful attention to the way they and their clients interact (4) They try to build a sense of self-mastery in their clients Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Hard 152 Describe the evidence-based treatment movement Ans: Proponents of this movement have formed task forces that seek to identify which therapies have received clear research support for particular disorders; to propose corresponding treatment guidelines; and to spread such information to clinicians Critics of the movement worry that such efforts are at times simplistic, biased, and even misleading Nonetheless, the empirically supported treatment movement has been gaining momentum in recent years Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 153 What kind of questions should an individual ask when choosing a therapist? Ans: Some potential questions could include: What is the professional status of the potential therapists?; What is the experience level of the potential therapists?; What is the treatment orientation of the potential therapists?; What is the success rate of their treatment orientation for problems such as yours?; Do the potential therapists believe in psychotropic medication as part of therapy in certain cases?; How the potential therapists match up on personal variables that are important to you?; Once you are in therapy, are you comfortable with the way things are going? Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium True/False 154 Research suggests that psychodynamic therapies seem to be the most effective of all treatments for specific phobias Ans: False Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 155 Results of studies that compare the various forms of therapies to one another have shown that no one form of therapy generally stands out over all others Ans: True Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 156 Studies conducted in countries across the world have found that members of ethnic and racial minority groups typically show less improvement in clinical treatment, make less use of mental health services, and stop therapy sooner than members of majority groups Ans: True Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 157 Today’s clinicians may also combine approaches when treating particular disorders Ans: two or more Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 158 According to one meta-analysis study by Smith et al (1977), which percentage describes how much better off someone is who receives therapy compared to an untreated control patient? a) 45% b) 60% c) 75% d) 85% Ans: c Feedback A: This estimate is too low Feedback B: This estimate is too low Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: This estimate is too high Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 159 Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of therapies is true? a) People who receive therapy are better off than 75% of people in the non-treatment control group b) Therapy is effective in the short term, but tends to wear off in about months c) It is very difficult to study the effectiveness of therapeutic outcomes because of patient confidentiality d) People in therapy improve about 1/3rd of the time Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: This is not discussed in your book Feedback C: This is not discussed in your book Feedback D: People who receive therapy are better off than 75% of people in the non-treatment control group Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Easy 160 Which of the following types of therapy is most effective at treating specific phobias? a) Psychodynamic therapy b) Behavior therapy c) Humanistic therapy d) Drug therapy Ans: b Feedback A: Behavior therapy is the most effective treatment for specific phobias Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Behavior therapy is the most effective treatment for specific phobias Feedback D: Behavior therapy is the most effective treatment for specific phobias Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 161 Which of the following types of therapy is most effective at treating generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder? a) Psychodynamic therapy b) Humanistic therapy c) Cognitive-behavioral therapy d) Drug therapy Ans: c Feedback A: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder Feedback D: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 162 Which of the following types of therapy is most effective at schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? a) Psychodynamic therapy b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy c) Humanistic therapy d) Drug therapy Ans: d Feedback A: Drug therapy is most effective treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Feedback B: Drug therapy is most effective treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Feedback C: Drug therapy is most effective treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium 163 Which of the following is NOT a goal of culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy? a) Teaching clients how to change to fit in with either the ethnic minority group, or the male-oriented society b) Increasing awareness of the impact of both the minority and majority cultures on the person’s behaviors and self-concept c) Helping clients express suppressed anger and pain d) Helping clients achieve a bicultural (or gender) balance that works for them Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: This is one of the goals of culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy Feedback C: This is one of the goals of culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy Feedback D: This is one of the goals of culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy Section Ref: Does Therapy Work? Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy Difficulty: Medium ... dynamic focus Ans: In short-term psychodynamic therapy, clients focus on a single problem—a dynamic focus —such as excessive dependence on other people The therapist and client center their discussions... Describe the procedures used in the Vagus nerve stimulation treatment of depression Ans: In this procedure, an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the left vagus nerve That nerve... depression Ans: d Feedback A: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression Feedback B: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression Feedback C: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression
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