TestBank psychology around us 2nd edition comer ch11

Feedback C: On the basis of internal biological factors Feedback D: Influence of external stimuli and behavior Section Ref: Theories of Motivation Learning Objective: Compare and contras

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Chapter: Chapter 11: Motivation

Multiple Choice

1 Virgin female rats typically ignore unfamiliar rat pups, yet they engage in a rich repertoire of maternal behaviors when their own pups are born Which theory of motivation explains this behavior?

Feedback C: On the basis of internal biological factors

Feedback D: Influence of external stimuli and behavior

Section Ref: Theories of Motivation

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast major theories of motivation

Feedback A: Social motives are learned

Feedback B: Cultural motives are learned

Feedback C: Correct!

Feedback D: Learned motives are not inborn

Difficulty: Medium

Motives such as hunger and thirst that are essential for survival

a) are learned via classical conditioning

b) are acquired through social observation

c) are present at birth

d) emerge during early childhood

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Ans: c

Feedback A: Motives essential for survival are present at birth

Feedback B: Correct!

Feedback C: Motives essential for survival are present at birth

Feedback D: Motives essential for survival are present at birth

Difficulty: Hard

Which of the following behaviors is the best example of instinctual motivation?

a) Maria loves to read because her mother pays her five dollars for every book

b) Leila learns how to play tennis by observing and imitating her coach

c) Bella nurses and grooms her newborn puppies as a result of the changing

hormone levels that coincided with the birth of her offspring

d) Max learns that meditation provides him relief from his frequent headaches

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to instinct

Feedback C: Correct! In this example, Max’s behavior is motivated by insight learning as opposed to instinct

Feedback D:

Difficulty: Hard

True/False

2 Many of our basic motives are innate

Ans: True

Difficulty: Easy

Basic motives such as hunger are learned

Ans: False

Difficulty: Easy

The motivation to eat when hungry weakens by the time we reach adulthood Ans: False

Difficulty: Easy

Behaviors that are driven by instinctual motivation are automatic

Ans: true

Difficulty: Medium

Section Ref: Biological Motivations: Hunger

Learning Objective: Summarize physical and psychological factors that affect our levels of hunger and our eating behavior

Difficulty: Medium

Many maternal behaviors, such as nesting, are instinctually motivated

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Ans: True

Difficulty: Easy

The range of foods that we find rewarding from the time we are babies until our adult lives

Ans: changes substantially

Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

4 If all behaviors were innate, which 2 types of psychological experiments would no longer be necessary?

Ans: Learning and memory

Difficulty: Hard

Essay

5 Name one shortcoming of instinct theory

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Ans: Cannot explain individual differences; some people pursue experiences that others find

aversive

Feedback B: Behaviors are inborn and activated by environmental stimuli

Feedback C: Need to achieve an appropriate level of arousal

Difficulty: Easy

True/False

7 When an internal factor alters the state of balance in an organism, a motivation arises to

correct the balance

Ans: False

Difficulty: Hard

Fill-in-the-blank

Commented [w1]: This is pretty picune Here’s the statement

in the book: When an

external factor alters the state of balance in the organism, a

motivation arises to correct that balance Seriously???

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8 The tendency of the body to maintain itself in a state of equilibrium is known as

Ans: homeostasis

Difficulty: Medium

Essay

10 Why are thrill-seeking behaviors difficult for drive reduction theories to explain?

Ans: Thrill seeking behavior is often purposely seeked out because of its ability to throw a

person out of emotional and physical equilibrium

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c) Drive reduction

d) Incentive

Ans: a

Feedback A: Correct!

Feedback B: Behaviors are inborn and activated by environmental stimuli

Feedback C: Behaviors are attempts by the body to maintain homeostasis

Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

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14 What scientific law states that ideal task performance occurs when our arousal level is at the

an optimal level for the difficulty of a task?

Ans: Yerkes-Dodson

Feedback B: This incentive represents extrinsic motivation

Feedback C: This incentive represents extrinsic motivation

Feedback D: This incentive represents extrinsic motivation

Difficulty: Easy

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True/False

17 Incentive theory highlights the influence of external stimuli on behavior

Ans: True

Difficulty: Easy

Fill-in-the-blank

18 Engaging in a behavior that is satisfying in and of itself is motivating Ans: intrinsically

Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

19 Name an external motivation to graduation from college

Ans: Employment, monetary, recognition, etc

Difficulty: Easy

Essay

20 Describe the difference between primary and secondary incentives Provide an example of each type of incentive

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Ans: Primary incentives are innate, whereas secondary incentives are learned A primary incentive may be food, whereas a secondary incentive may be money

Feedback A: External substances

Feedback B: External substances

Feedback C: External substances

Feedback D: Correct!

Difficulty: Medium

True/False

22 Carl Rogers is famous for developing the hierarchy of needs model

Ans: False

Difficulty: Easy

Fill-in-the-blank

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23 At the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the need for

Ans: self-actualization

Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

24 What needs reside on the tier directly above the most basic needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

Ans: Safety needs

Difficulty: Medium

Essay

25 Describe the behavior of someone who has achieved self-actualization

Ans: Exhibit selfless, altruistic behavior

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

26 How do psychologists define motivation?

a) a condition that directs behavior towards arousal

b) a condition that directs behavior towards a goal

c) a condition that satisfies an emotional desire

d) a condition that directs behavior for survival

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e) a condition that is collaborative

Ans: b

Feedback A: Arousal is too general

Feedback C: Emotional desires are not discussed in this chapter

Feedback D: Survival is too general

Feedback E: This is not a theory of motivation

Feedback B: His motivations probably extend beyond basic hunger needs

Feedback C: His motivations probably extend beyond basic hunger needs

Feedback D: His motivations probably extend beyond basic hunger needs

Feedback E: His motivations probably extend beyond basic hunger needs

c) sports when bored

d) reading when sleepy

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e) eating when hungry

Ans: e

Feedback A: We are not born with this ability

Feedback B: We are not born with this ability

Feedback C: We are not born with this ability

Feedback D: We are not born with this ability

Feedback E: Correct!

Feedback A: Instinct is the correct answer

Feedback B: Instinct is the correct answer

Feedback C: Instinct is the correct answer

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Feedback A: This term is too general

Feedback C: This would be hard to measure in rats

Feedback D: Survival is too general

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast major theories of motivation Difficulty: Hard

Multiple Choice

32.Of the following statements, which are true?

a) Rooting is an instinctive human behavior

b) Rooting allows a baby to eat

c) Rooting allows a baby to seek social contact with it’s mother

d)Rooting is a form of primitive social behavior

e) all of the above

Ans: e

Feedback A: There is more than one correct answer

Feedback B: There is more than one correct answer

Feedback C: There is more than one correct answer

Feedback D: There is more than one correct answer

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast major theories of motivation Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

34.What argument suggests that the instinct theory of motivation is incorrect? a) some behaviors are innate

b) instincts persist throughout life

c) the need for social interaction changes over time

d) instinct theory cannot explain differences among individuals

Ans: d

Feedback A: This statement supports instinct theory

Feedback B: This statement supports instinct theory

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Feedback C: This statement is not true

Feedback C: Drive reduction is the correct answer

Feedback D: Drive reduction is the correct answer

Feedback A: This is a statistics term

Feedback B: This a term used to describe identical twins

Feedback C: Homeostasis is the correct term

Feedback D: Homeostasis is the correct term

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Difficulty: Easy

Multiple Choice

37.To maintain the homeostasis of body temperature, what behavioral actions can be taken? a) get a cold drink when hot

b) get a warm drink when cold

c) shed clothing when hot

d) add clothing when cold

e) all of these

Ans: e

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Feedback C: This is a biological factor that is easily explained by these theories

Feedback D: This is a biological factor that is easily explained by these theories

c) they are inversely related

d) this law does not address arousal

Ans: c

Feedback A: This is too general a statement

Feedback B: There is a relationship

Feedback D: Arousal is addressed by this law

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Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

42.Mark works on an assembly line building brooms and he enjoys listening to music during the work day because he is bored At home when he builds model airplanes, he is thoroughly engaged, and needs absolute quiet during this task What law explains this difference in Mark’s need for arousal?

Feedback A: This law is associated with physics

Feedback B: This is a statistical test, not a law

Feedback C: This law refers to statistical sampling

Feedback D: This law is associated with human factors and ergonomics

Feedback A: Running a marathon does not require continuous concentration

Feedback B: Running a marathon does not require continuous concentration

Feedback C: Running a marathon does not require continuous concentration

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Feedback B: Intrinsic motivation is correct

Feedback C: Intrinsic motivation is correct

Feedback D: Intrinsic motivation is correct

Difficulty: Easy

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Multiple Choice

46.”Runner’s high” from intense physical activity occurs due to the release of internal substances

in the brain known as _

Feedback A: These are external substances

Feedback B: These are external substances

Feedback C: These are external substances

Feedback B: This structure is in the forebrain

Feedback C: This structure is in the hindbrain

Feedback D: This structure is in the forebrain

Difficulty: Hard

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Feedback C: Dopamine is the correct answer

Feedback D: Dopamine is the correct answer

Difficulty: Hard

Multiple Choice

49.According to Maslow’s hierarchy, where are basic needs such as eating and drinking located? a) interspersed through the region

b) at the tangent of the dodecahedron

c) at the apex of the pyramid

d) at the base of the dodecahedron

e) at the base of the pyramid

Ans: e

Feedback A: This is not true

Feedback B: Maslow’s hierarchy is illustrated by a pyramid

Feedback C: Basic needs reside at the base of the pyramid

Feedback D: Maslow’s hierarchy is illustrated by a pyramid

Difficulty: Medium

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Feedback C: Selfless behavior does not meet basic needs

Feedback D: Selfless behavior does not meet basic needs

Feedback A: Too few

Feedback B: Too few

Feedback C: Too few

Difficulty: Easy

True/False

52 If we did not have biological signals from the stomach, we would never be hungry

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Ans: False

Difficulty: Medium

Research clearly shows that when consumers are educated about the nutritional value of various food options on the menu they rarely select high fat and high calorie items

Ans: False

Difficulty: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

53 Stomach cues that signal us to stop eating are known as cues

Ans: satiety or satiation

Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

54 What 2 chemical that are present in the bloodstream and related to the metabolism of food have been widely studied?

Ans: Glucose and lipids

Difficulty: Medium

Essay

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55 Describe how leptin acts as a chemical signal to “tell” the brain to stop eating

Ans: Leptin is a chemical that is released by fat cells as they grow larger When brain receptors detect high levels of leptin, they send signals to inhibit further eating

Difficulty: Hard

Why does eating too much fast food easily lead to obesity?

Ans: Most fast food items are packed with excessive calories that can lead a person to easily exceed the recommended daily calorie allotment Large portion sizes also contribute to the overall problem

Feedback A: Damage to this structure results in overeating

Feedback B: Involved in overeating and binge eating

Feedback C: Individuals with eating disorders show abnormally high activity in left side Feedback D: Correct!

Difficulty: Medium

True/False

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57 The ventromedial region of the hypothalamus plays a role in satiation

Ans: True

Difficulty: Hard

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Difficulty: Easy

Putting the calorie content of each item on the menu at fast food restaurants has clearly _ a) decreased calorie consumption at fast food restaurants

b) stopped consumers from purchasing fast food as frequently as they used to

c) encouraged fast food restaurants to offer healthier items such as carrots and apples on their menus

d) had little to no impact on consumers’ dietary selections

Ans: c

Feedback A: Putting the calorie content of each item on the menu at fast food restaurants has clearly encouraged fast food restaurants to offer healthier items such as carrots and apples on their menus

Feedback B: Putting the calorie content of each item on the menu at fast food restaurants has clearly encouraged fast food restaurants to offer healthier items such as carrots and apples on their menus

Feedback C: Putting the calorie content of each item on the menu at fast food restaurants has clearly encouraged fast food restaurants to offer healthier items such as carrots and apples on their menus

Difficulty: Hard

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True/False

62 The brain circuitry involved in eating is also active in a variety of motivational situations Ans: True

Difficulty: Medium

True/False

63 People eat less when they are in a social setting

Ans: False

Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

64 What is the term used to describe the weight at which our adult bodies tend to stabilize at a particular level?

Ans: Set point

Difficulty: Easy

Essay

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65 Discuss 2 reasons why planning work-related meeting during meal times affect food intake Ans: Likely to eat more because the time correlates with the body’s eating routine, likely to pay little attention to food intake by distraction while interacting with others, meals tend to last longer in social settings

Feedback A: Too low

Feedback B: Too low

Feedback C: Too low

Difficulty: Easy

True/False

67 The body mass index is calculated as a fat-to-muscle ratio

Ans: False

Learning Objective: Summarize physical and psychological factors that affect our levels of

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hunger and our eating behavior

Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

69 In addition to the physical risks of obesity, name a psychological risk obese individuals are at

an increased risk of having

Ans: May be more likely to suffer from mood disorders such as anxiety and depression

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Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

71 Mai, age 15, experienced obsessive thoughts about being overweight despite the fact that she ingested fewer than 500 calories per day What eating disorder are her thoughts indicative of? a) Bulimia nervosa

Feedback C: Obesity is not described

Feedback D: May result from eating disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Fill-in-the-blank

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73 People with anorexia have a(n) body image

Ans: distorted

Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

74 What behavioral cycle defines bulimia?

Ans: Bingeing and purging

Difficulty: Medium

Essay

75 Describe the psychological effects of bulimia

Ans: Bulimics are often ashamed of their bingeing and purging cycles so they try to keep their behavior a secret This need for secrecy may contribute to anxiety and depression

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

76.Jonah was stranded on a desert island in the Pacific Once his food ran out, he knew that the

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maximal time he could survive was:

Feedback A: This is too short a period of time

Feedback B: This is too short a period of time

Feedback C: This is too short a period of time

Feedback D: This is too short a period of time

Feedback E:Correct!

Feedback A: This term is tool general

Feedback B: This is a condition, not a cue as described in the text

Feedback D: This was not discussed in the text

Feedback E: The answer is 40 days which is not one of the options

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

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78.What surgical technique might a physician use to activate stretch receptors in the stomach? a) placing a balloon in the stomach

b) removing the stomach

c) reducing arterial flow of blood to the stomach

d) removing a portion of the stomach

e) all of these

Ans: a

Feedback A: Correct!

Feedback B: Placing a balloon is the correct answer

Feedback C: Placing a balloon is the correct answer

Feedback D: Placing a balloon is the correct answer

Feedback E: Only one answer is correct

Feedback A: This is a neurotransmitter

Feedback B: This is derived from fats

Feedback C:Correct!

Feedback D: This substance is often injected in lips

Difficulty: Medium

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Multiple Choice

80.When is leptin released in our bodies?

a) after fasting

b) when collagen levels are too low

c) when fat cells grow smaller

d) when fat cells grow larger

Ans: d

Feedback A: Leptin is released when fat cells grow larger

Feedback B: Leptin is released when fat cells grow larger

Feedback C: Leptin is released when fat cells grow larger

Feedback D: Corret!

Feedback C: The cerebellum acts to coordinate motor movement

Feedback D: The thalamus directs sensory information

Feedback E: Damage to this structure would result in undereating

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Feedback A: The pons regulates sleep

Feedback B: This structure sends “satiety” signals

Feedback C: The cerebellum acts to coordinate motor movement

Feedback D: The thalamus directs sensory information

Difficulty: Hard

Multiple Choice

83.When Brett went for a physical exam to determine why he was obese, he was diagnosed with

a genetic disorder known as _

Feedback B: Prader-Willi syndrome is the correct answer

Feedback C: Prader-Willi syndrome is the correct answer

Feedback D: Prader-Willi syndrome is the correct answer

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Feedback E: Prader-Willi syndrome is the correct answer

Feedback A: Dual-center theory is correct

Feedback B: Dual-center theory is correct

Feedback C: Dual-center theory is correct

Feedback E: Dual-center theory is correct

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Ans: b

Feedback A: Insulin is the correct answer

Feedback C: This is a neurotransmitter

Feedback D: Insulin is the correct answer

Feedback A: This structure is not located near the prefrontal cortex

Feedback B: This is a lobe

Feedback D: This structure is not involved in taste perception

Difficulty: Hard

Multiple Choice

88.Thad found that he gained several pounds once he took a job where he traveled and continually had business meetings during lunches and dinners What influence is apparent in this example?

a) leptin

b) social influences

c) instinct

d) gender-based

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e) cultural

Ans: b

Feedback A: Social influence is the correct answer

Feedback C: Social influence is the correct answer

Feedback D: Social influence is the correct answer

Feedback E: Social influence is the correct answer

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

89.What is the best technique for maintaining a lower body weight?

a) permanently change eating habits

b) cut out all carbohydrates

c) engage in strenuous exercise for a predetermined period of time

d) reduce sugar intake over the holidays

e) all of these

Ans: a

Feedback A:Correct!

Feedback B: Permanent change of eating habits is correct

Feedback C: Permanent change of eating habits is correct

Feedback D: Permanent change of eating habits is correct

Feedback E: Only one answer is correct

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

90.Marcus found that no matter what he did during his adult life, his weight stabilized near a

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certain general level known as the:

Feedback A: Set point is correct

Feedback B: Set point is correct

Feedback C: Set point is correct

Feedback A: This score is too low to be considered obese

Feedback B: This score is too low to be considered obese

Feedback C: This score is too low to be considered obese

Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice

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92.What body mass index (BMI) score is categorized as overweight?

Feedback A: This is too low for overweight

Feedback B: This is too low for overweight

Feedback D: This is obese

Feedback B: This is not a mood disorder

Feedback C: This is not a mood disorder

Feedback D: This is not a mood disorder

Feedback E: This is not a mood disorder

Difficulty: Medium

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