Answer the following questions: A If the manager uses maximin as the decision criterion, which of the alternatives would be indicated?B If the manager uses minimax regret as the criterio
Trang 1Student: _
1. Decision trees, with their predetermined analysis of a situation, are really not useful in making health care decisions since every person is unique.
True False
2. Bounded rationality refers to the limits imposed on decisionmaking because of costs, human abilities, time, technology, and/or availability of information.
True False
7. Among decision environments, risk implies that certain parameters have probabilistic outcomes.
True False
Trang 28. Among decision environments, uncertainty implies that states of nature have wide ranging probabilities associated with them.
Trang 317. The EVPI indicates an upper limit on the amount a decisionmaker should be willing to spend to obtain additional information.
Trang 529. Determining the average payoff for each alternative and choosing the alternative with the highest average is the approach called:
Trang 7Answer the following questions:
(A) If the manager uses maximin as the decision criterion, which of the alternatives would be indicated?(B) If the manager uses minimax regret as the criterion, which alternative would be indicated?
(A) Assuming a maximax strategy, which alternative would be chosen?
(B) If maximin were used, which alternative would be chosen?
(C) If states of nature are equally likely and an expected value criterion of maximization is used, which alternative would be chosen?
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consideration: A, B, and C. Moreover, there are three possible future conditions that must be included in the analysis: I, which has a probability of occurrence of .5; II, which has a probability of .3; and III, which has a probability of .2
If condition I materializes, A will cost $12,000, B will cost $20,000, and C will cost $16,000. If condition II materializes, the costs will be $15,000 for A, $18,000 for B, and $14,000 for C. If condition III materializes, thecosts will be $10,000 for A, $15,000 for B, and $19,000 for C
Trang 14The operations manager for a welldrilling company must recommend whether to build a new facility, expand his existing one, or do nothing. He estimates that longrun profits (in $000) will vary with the amount of
Trang 1568. If he feels the chances of low, normal, and high precipitation are 30%, 20%, and 50% respectively, what is his expected value of perfect information?
Trang 1672. If she feels the chances of low, medium, and high compliance are 20%, 30%, and 50% respectively, what are the expected net revenues for the number of assistants she will decide to hire?
Trang 19as follows:
Trang 2194. If she feels that there is a 60% chance that the new cable network will be successful, what is her expected cost (per thousand "hits") under certainty?
Trang 2280 percent chance of earning $5,000,000, but a 20 percent chance of losing $1,000,000. On the other hand, she feels that script #2 has a 60 percent chance of earning $12,000,000, but a 40 percent chance of losing
$3,000,000. If successful, its sequel would have a 50 percent chance of earning $8,000,000, but a 50 percent chance of losing $4,000,000. Of course, in either case, if the original movie were a "flop," then no sequel would
Trang 23it is not funded the first year, then management estimates the chances are 50 percent it will get $100,000 the following year, and 50 percent that it will get nothing again. If, however, Merciless's management decides to go with the heart lab, then there's a 50 percent chance of getting $50,000 in outside funding from the American Heart Association the first year and a 50 percent change of getting nothing. If the heart lab is funded the first year, management estimates a 40 percent chance of getting another $50,000 and a 60 percent chance of getting nothing additional the second year. If it is not funded the first year, then management estimates a 60 percent chance for getting $50,000 and a 40 percent chance for getting nothing in the following year. For both the cancer and heart research labs, no further possible funding is anticipated beyond the first two years.
Trang 24it, they feel they have a 50 percent chance of placing it with a smaller publisher, with ultimate sales of 35,000 copies.
Trang 26of $5,000 in environment 1 and $27,500 in environment 2. Once the probability of environment 1 exceeds , option A becomes the better choice.
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120. If you are uncertain which state of nature will occur, and use the maximin criterion, which alternative will you select?
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ch5s Key
1. Decision trees, with their predetermined analysis of a situation, are really not useful in making health care decisions since every person is unique.
Trang 3314. A weakness of the maximin approach is that it loses some information. TRUE
Trang 3417. The EVPI indicates an upper limit on the amount a decisionmaker should be willing to spend to obtain additional information.
Trang 3520. An advantage of decision trees compared to payoff tables is that they permit us to analyze situations involving sequential decisions.
Trang 3828. Determining the worst payoff for each alternative and choosing the alternative with the "best worst" is the approach called:
Trang 4033. The expected monetary value criterion (EMV) is the decisionmaking approach used with the decision environment of:
Trang 42Answer the following questions:
(A) If the manager uses maximin as the decision criterion, which of the alternatives would be indicated?(B) If the manager uses minimax regret as the criterion, which alternative would be indicated?
Trang 4440. A manager has learned that annual profits from four alternatives being considered for solving a capacity problem are projected to be $15,000 for A, $30,000 for B, $45,000 for C, and $60,000 for D if state of nature 1 occurs; and $60,000 for A, $80,000 for B, $90,000 for C, and $35,000 for D if state of nature 2 occurs.
Trang 45consideration: A, B, and C. Moreover, there are three possible future conditions that must be included in the analysis: I, which has a probability of occurrence of .5; II, which has a probability of .3; and III, which has a probability of .2
If condition I materializes, A will cost $12,000, B will cost $20,000, and C will cost $16,000. If condition II materializes, the costs will be $15,000 for A, $18,000 for B, and $14,000 for C. If condition III materializes, thecosts will be $10,000 for A, $15,000 for B, and $19,000 for C
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precipitation (rainfall) as follows:
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85. If she feels there is a 30% chance that demand will be high, what is her expected value of perfect information?
Trang 64Trang 67
94. If she feels that there is a 60% chance that the new cable network will be successful, what is her expected cost (per thousand "hits") under certainty?
Trang 6896. For what range of probability that the new cable network will be successful will she select the print media strategy?
Trang 6980 percent chance of earning $5,000,000, but a 20 percent chance of losing $1,000,000. On the other hand, she feels that script #2 has a 60 percent chance of earning $12,000,000, but a 40 percent chance of losing
$3,000,000. If successful, its sequel would have a 50 percent chance of earning $8,000,000, but a 50 percent chance of losing $4,000,000. Of course, in either case, if the original movie were a "flop," then no sequel would
Trang 71it is not funded the first year, then management estimates the chances are 50 percent it will get $100,000 the following year, and 50 percent that it will get nothing again. If, however, Merciless's management decides to go with the heart lab, then there's a 50 percent chance of getting $50,000 in outside funding from the American Heart Association the first year and a 50 percent change of getting nothing. If the heart lab is funded the first year, management estimates a 40 percent chance of getting another $50,000 and a 60 percent chance of getting nothing additional the second year. If it is not funded the first year, then management estimates a 60 percent chance for getting $50,000 and a 40 percent chance for getting nothing in the following year. For both the cancer and heart research labs, no further possible funding is anticipated beyond the first two years.
Trang 73it, they feel they have a 50 percent chance of placing it with a smaller publisher, with ultimate sales of 35,000 copies.
Trang 76114. When a decisionmaking scenario involves two or more departments, if the individual departments pursue what is optimal for them, sometimes the overall organization suffers. This is an example of _.
Trang 77of $5,000 in environment 1 and $27,500 in environment 2. Once the probability of environment 1 exceeds , option A becomes the better choice.
Trang 79120. If you are uncertain which state of nature will occur, and use the maximin criterion, which alternative will you select?
Trang 80Feedback: The difference between the expected payoff with perfect information and the expected payoff under risk
Trang 81EVPI=1.2
Feedback: This is the difference between what you would get with perfect information and what you will get without it