Chapter 14 Mental Illness and Cognitive Disorders Terms Psychiatry – The medical specialty that diagnoses and treats mental illness Psychology – the discipline that studies normal and abnormal behavior and applies counseling for treatment Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers, i.e Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Causes of Mental Illness Environment – Family interactions, race, culture, socioeconomic status alter biological and psychological avenues for mental illness and define learned behaviors, attitude and perceptions Age, Gender- Childhood learning delays, poor self-esteem, impaired learning of gender roles Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Diagnostic Tests Evaluations: Medical history, physical exam, family history Gained through observation, discussion with patient and family members, teachers, medical personnel Standard questionnaires Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and symptoms Disruptive Behavior Disorders – Willful disobedience, defiance of authority, aggression ADHD – Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention Mental retardation – Social language deficits, below-average intelligence Autistic Disorder – Reciprocal language deficits, repetitive steriotypical behaviors Tic Disorder – Rapid involuntary repetitive movement or vocalization Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and symptoms Dementia – Language, memory, and mood deficits Substance abuse disorders – compulsive use, physical and psychological cravings, tolerance and withdrawal Schizophrenia – Loss of contact with reality, severe disturbance in social function, bizarre thoughts, withdrawal from social interaction, hallucinations, delusions Personality disorders – Inflexible patterns of behavior with strained relationships, reckless sexual behavior, violence, eating disorders Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and symptoms Bipolar disorder – Mania (episodic elation, inflated sense of self), alternating with depression Major Depression – Prolonged sadness, significant changes in sleep and appetite, irritability, feelings of guilt and anxiety Eating disorders – Anorexia: persistent dieting, starvation, excessive exercise Bulemic: binge followed by purging, overuse of laxatives, excessive dieting Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc ...Terms Psychiatry – The medical specialty that diagnoses and treats mental illness Psychology – the discipline that studies normal and abnormal... socioeconomic status alter biological and psychological avenues for mental illness and define learned behaviors, attitude and perceptions Age, Gender- Childhood learning delays, poor self-esteem,... mood deficits Substance abuse disorders – compulsive use, physical and psychological cravings, tolerance and withdrawal Schizophrenia – Loss of contact with reality, severe disturbance in social