Chapter Cancer Terms Tumors or Neoplasms: Swelling or new growth Can be benign or malignant Benign: Noncancerous and usually localized Malignant: Cancer, rapidly dividing cells that accumulate uncontrollably, invade normal tissue can metastasize or generate tumors at distant sites Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Etiology of Cancer Endogenous: Genetic Age Sex Race Heredity Hormones Immunity Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Etiology of Cancer (cont) Environmental: Geographic/Occupational Tobacco/Alcohol Industrial Chemicals Radiation Diet Chronic Infections Medicines Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Lung Cough Blood in sputum Painful breathing/Shortness of breath Loss of appetite Breast Lumps in breast tissue Tenderness skin irritation Nipple changes/discharge/ulceration Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Stomach Mild pain in upper abdomen Fatigue Loss of appetite Colorectal Blood in stool Changes in bowel habits Polyps (some are benign, some cancerous) Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Liver Abdominal pain Weight Loss Fatigue Abdominal Swelling Loss of appetite Jaundice Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Female Reproductive Tract Types: Cervical, Uterine, Ovarian Signs and symptoms: • Pelvic pain • Irregular bleeding (too much or too little) • GI/Urinary difficulties: Constipation/Bloating Male Reproductive Tract Types: Prostate, Testicular Signs and symptoms: • Pain, Swelling, Difficulty urinating, Bloody urine Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Esophageal/Laryngeal Difficulty swallowing Pain Weight loss Voice hoarseness Bladder Blood in the urine Increased urination Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Head and Neck Neck pain, swelling Bleeding Difficulty: swallowing, chewing, talking Lymphoma Hodgkins or Non-Hodgkins Painful swelling of lymph nodes Fatigue fever, indigestion Night sweats Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 10 Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Leukemia Fatigue Weight loss Paleness Repeated infections Fever Bruising easily Nosebleeds and other hemorrhages Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 11 Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Pancreatic Weight loss Nausea Diarrhea Weakness Jaundice Upper abdominal pain Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 12 Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Melanoma Small growths on the skin • Increase in size • Change in color Thyroid Thyroid nodules Hoarseness Dyspepsia Dysphagia Fatigue Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 13 Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Kidney Blood in the urine Flank pain Palpable mass Nervous System Depend on location Paralysis Personality changes Speech difficulties Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 14 ... irritation Nipple changes/discharge/ulceration Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and Symptoms of Various Cancers Stomach Mild pain... Depend on location Paralysis Personality changes Speech difficulties Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 14 ... (cont) Environmental: Geographic/Occupational Tobacco/Alcohol Industrial Chemicals Radiation Diet Chronic Infections Medicines Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an