Chapter Heredity and Diseases Types of Hereditary Diseases (Dominant) Polydactyly: Extra fingers or toes Achondroplasia: Defective formation of cartilage causing dwarfism Marfan Syndrome: System cannot support functions – multisystemic – no cure Familial Hypercholesterolemia: High cholesterol, causes cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Recessive) Phenylketonuria: Mental Retardation Galactosemia: Mental Retardation from build up of galactose causing development problems in brain, liver and eyes Sickle-cell Anemia: Deformed shape of red blood cells blocking flow of normal blood cells Tay-Sachs: Progressive mental retardation and physical regression Albinism: Lack of melanin (color) in skin and hair Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Sex-linked) Color Blindness: Cannot distinguish reds and greens Hemophilia: Blood-clotting disorder Fragile X-Syndrome: Mental retardation due to breakage of the X chromosome Familial Diseases Epilepsy Diabetes Allergies Cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Abnormal Chromosome) Down Syndrome Extra Autosomal chromosome Slanted eyes Coarse tongue Short, flat nose Underdeveloped sex organs Short life expectancy Cri Du Chat Syndrome Small head, deficiency in brain tissue Weak, cat-like cry Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Congenital Diseases Appear at birth or shortly after Result from failure in developmental stage, not from chromosome abnormality or genetics Factors Inadequate oxygen Drugs/Alcohol Maternal infection Malnutrition Radiation Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc ... Familial Hypercholesterolemia: High cholesterol, causes cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Recessive)... Familial Diseases Epilepsy Diabetes Allergies Cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Abnormal Chromosome)... Hereditary Diseases (Sex-linked) Color Blindness: Cannot distinguish reds and greens Hemophilia: Blood-clotting disorder Fragile X-Syndrome: Mental retardation due to breakage of the X chromosome