Chapter 12 Diseases of the Endocrine System Glands and Function Pituitary – regulated by hypothalmus, produces hormones for growth, follicle stimulating, thyroid stimulating, and luteinizing; also antidiuretic hormone; manages uterine contraction hormone and breast milk stimulation Thyroid– releases thyroxine for cellular oxygen consumption/heat and energy Parathyroid – release parathormone to regulate calcium and phosphate circulation Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Adrenal – secrete steroid hormones for salt balance, sodium retention, potassium secretion by kidneys, regulate carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and sex hormones Island of Langerhans – Pancreas secretes insulin, islets of Langerhans secrete Glucagon to work antagonistically with insulin, together they maintain blood glucose levels Testis- release testosterone Ovaries- release estrogen Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and symptoms Thyroiditis – Pain, swelling, thyroid tenderness, goiter Addison’s disease – Weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea Cushing’s syndrome (benign) – Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fluid retention, weight gain, weakness, fatigue, hypertension Hypergonadism – Precocious sexual development Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Signs and symptoms Hyperparathyroidism- Weak bones (deform, fx) kidney stones, depressed nervous system, bone pain, weak muscles, slow heart rate, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation Type Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss Type Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia Hypogonadism – Lack of sexual development, eunichism Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc ... Inc Signs and symptoms Thyroiditis – Pain, swelling, thyroid tenderness, goiter Addison’s disease – Weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea Cushing’s syndrome... weight loss Type Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia Hypogonadism – Lack of sexual development, eunichism Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc