Rèn kỹ năng đọc hiểu tiếng anh

NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Rèn kỹ đọc hiểu (1) NỘI DUNG BÀI HỌC  Phân tích cấu trúc đề thi  Giới thiệu dạng câu hỏi thường gặp  Chi tiết cách làm dạng câu hỏi Phân tích cấu trúc đề thi o Có đọc: tổng cộng 15 câu o Độ dài: 300 - 500 từ Bài 1: câu Bài 2: câu o Chủ đề: đa dạng (văn hóa, giáo dục, khoa học, đời sống, giải trí…) o Mức độ: trung cấp (Intermediate) Giới thiệu dạng câu hỏi thường gặp Chia thành nhóm chính: Câu hỏi ý Câu hỏi thông tin cụ thể suy luận Câu hỏi từ vựng Câu hỏi ý o Câu hỏi 1: Tìm ý đọc (Main idea) o Câu hỏi 2: Xác định mục đích (Purpose) o Câu hỏi 3: Nhận diện cách tổ chức ý tưởng bố cục chung thái độ (general organizatuon or attitude) Câu hỏi thông tin cụ thể suy luận o Câu hỏi 4: Xác định thông tin nêu (Stated detail) o Câu hỏi 5: Xác định thông tin không nêu (Unstated details) o Câu hỏi 6: Xác định thông tin đề cập đâu (Where questions) o Câu hỏi 7: Suy luận, tìm hàm ý (Inference) o Câu hỏi 8: Tìm từ cụm từ nói đến quy chiếu đến (Reference) Câu hỏi từ vựng o Câu hỏi 9: Tìm từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa (Vocabulary) Chi tiết cách làm dạng câu hỏi (phần 1) Câu hỏi 2: Tìm ý đọc (main idea) mục đích (purpose) Các câu hỏi thường gặp: • What is the topic of the passage? Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN • What is the subject of the passage? • What is the main idea of the passage? • What is the author’s main point in the passage? • With what is the author primary concerned • Which of the following would be the best title? • What is the author’s main purpose in the passage? Câu trả lời: Thường nằm đầu cuối đoạn văn Nếu ý không nằm cụ thể đầu cuối đoạn văn ta để lại làm cuối sau dành thời gian trả lời câu hỏi chi tiết Cách làm cụ thể: Đọc dòng đoạn văn Tìm ý chung dòng tìm mối liên hệ chúng Đọc lướt nhanh tồn để kiểm tra xem tìm nội dung Loại phương án chắn sai CHÚ Ý: • Thường làm câu hỏi cuối sau trả lời câu hỏi chi tiết trước để đỡ thời gian • Thơng thường ý khơng q chung chung, khơng q chi tiết không nhắc lại Ex: Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, by the name of James Naismith Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education students were indoors rather than outdoors They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises and preferred the excitement and challenge of a game Naismith figured out a team sport that could be played indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot running, that kept all team members involved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football What is the topic of the passage? A The life of James Naismith B This history of sports C Physical education and exercise D The origin of basketball Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Câu hỏi 3: Nhận diện cách tổ chức ý tưởng bố cục chung thái độ (general organization or attitude) Cách trình bày bố cục: Time order (Chronological order): trình tự thời gian Dấu hiệu: • Firstly, • secondly, • finally, • next, • then… Cause and effect: nguyên nhân hệ Dấu hiệu: • Because, • since, • as, • lead to, • due to, • as a result, • consequently Definition – example: Định nghĩa – ví dụ Dấu hiệu: • Define, • mean, • indicate, • show Comparison and contrast: so sánh Dấu hiệu: • On one hand, • on the other hand, • more, • less, • least, • most Problem – solution: vấn đề - giải pháp Dấu hiệu: • Cause, • result in, • deal with… Ex: Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction Bengal tiger, for instance, which Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN once roamed the jungles in vast number, now only about 2,300 and by the year 2025, their population is estimated to be down to zero What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who according to some sources, are not interested in material gain but in personal gratification This is an example of the callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction Animals like Bengal tigers as well as other endangered species are a valuable part of the world’s ecosystem International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival and the survival of our planet Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves They then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks and they often must also depend on world organizations for support With the money they get, they can invest in equipment, and patrols to protect the animals Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species This seems fairly effective but it will not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed Question 1: The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast: A A comparison and a contrast B A problem and a solution C Specific and general information D A statement and an illustration Question 2: Which of the following best describe the author’s attitude? A indifferent B surprised C concerned D forgive Câu hỏi 4: Xác định thông tin nêu (stated detail) kĩ thuật: - Skimming - Scanning - Paraphrasing Các dạng câu hỏi: • According to the passage… • It is stated in the passage… • The passage indicates that…… • Which of the following is true… Cách làm cụ thể: Gạch chân key word, ý quan trọng => Dùng kỹ scanning để tìm đoạn phù hợp để đọc kỹ lấy thông tin => Đọc kỹ câu chứa từ khóa ý câu hỏi cẩn thận Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN => Loại đáp án chắn sai lựa chọn đáp án lựa chọn lại Ex: The countryside of Britain is well known for its beauty and many contrasts: it bare mountains and moorland, its lakes, rivers and woods, and its long, often wild coastline Many of the most beautiful areas are national parks and are protected from development When Britain people think of the countryside they think of farmland, as well as open spaces They imagined cows or sheep in greenfield enclosed by hedges or stone walls and field of wheat and barley Most farmland is privately owned but is crossed by a network of public footpaths Question 1: We can see from the passage that in the countryside of Britain A none of the areas face the sea B most beautiful areas are not well preserved C only a few farms are publicly owned D it is difficult to travel from one farm to another Câu hỏi 5: Xác định thơng tin KHƠNG nêu (unstated details) Các dạng câu hỏi: • Which of the following is NOT stated ? • Which of the following is NOT mentioned ? • Which of the following is NOT discussed ? • Which of the following are false….? • All of the following are true EXCEPT Trả lời: • Câu trả lời thơng tin khơng xuất • Câu trả lời câu sai so với Cách làm cụ thể: Gạch chân key word, ý quan trọng => Dùng kỹ scanning để tìm đoạn phù hợp để đọc kỹ lấy thông tin => Đọc kỹ câu chứa từ khóa ý câu hỏi cẩn thận => Loại bỏ lựa chọn đề cập so với đọc => Chọn phương án không đề cập không với đọc Ex: The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland U.S Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain On this highway, it is necessary to cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami, on the mainland, to Key West, the farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States Question 1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys? A The Florida Keys are a chain of islands B The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone C The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN D The Florida Keys are not all inhabited CÁC EM XEM BÀI GIẢNG VÀ ĐÁP ÁN CÔ CHỮA TẠI NGOAINGU24H.VN NHÉ!!! Bài dịch: 1) Bóng rổ phát minh vào năm 1891 huấn luyện viên thể dục Springfield, Massachusetts tên James Naismith Bởi thời tiết khắc nghiệt mùa đông, học sinh học thể dục ông thường nhà thay ngồi trời Họ thực khơng thích ý tưởng tập thể dục nhàm chán, lặp lặp lại ưa thích phấn khích thách thức trò chơi Naismith tìm mơn thể thao đồng đội chơi nhà, sàn phòng tập thể dục, môn bao gồm nhiều vận động, để tất thành viên tham gia, khơng có tranh bóng hay va chạm bóng đá kiểu Mỹ 2) Kể từ giới trở nên nên cơng nghiệp hóa, có tăng lên số lượng loài động vật tuyệt chủng tuyệt chủng Ví dụ lồi hổ Bengal, loài mà lang thang khắp rừng rậm với số lượng đơng đảo, khoảng 2.300 đến năm 2025, số lượng chúng ước tính xuống số Điều đáng báo động trường hợp hổ Bengal tuyệt chủng gây gần hoàn toàn kẻ săn bắn trộm - người mà theo số nguồn tin, họ không quan tâm đến lợi ích vật chất lại làm thỏa mãn cá nhân Đây ví dụ nhẫn tâm, phần gây nguy tuyệt chủng Hổ Bengal loài động vật nguy cấp khác phần quan trọng hệ sinh thái giới Những luật pháp quốc tế nhằm bảo vệ loài vật phải ban hành để đảm bảo tồn chúng tồn hành tinh Các quốc gia giới bắt đầu đối phó với vấn đề nhiều cách khác Nhằm mục đích phá vỡ vấn đề này, số quốc gia phân bổ lượng lớn đất để làm khu bảo tồn động vật Sau đó, họ tính phí để giúp trang trải chi phí trì cơng viên họ thường xuyên phải phụ thuộc vào tổ chức giới cho nguồn hỗ trơ Với số tiền nhận được, họ đầu tư vào trang thiết bị tuần tra để bảo vệ loài động vật Một giải pháp khác nỗ lực ngăn chặn sóng tuyệt chủng tẩy chay sản phẩm làm từ loài động vật bị đe dọa Giải pháp hiệu khơng thể ngăn chặn động vật bị săn đuổi giết chết 3) Các vùng nông thôn Anh tiếng với vẻ đẹp với nhiều tương phản: có nhiều vùng đồi trọc vùng đất hoang, sông, hồ, gỗ bờ biển dài hoang sơ Rất nhiều khu vực công viên quốc gia đẹp bảo vệ khỏi phát triển Khi người Anh nghĩ vùng nông thôn họ nghĩ đất nông nghiệp, không gian mở Họ tưởng tượng đàn bò, cừu khu vườn xanh rào lại hàng rào tường đá cánh đồng lúa mì, lúa mạch Hầu hết đất nơng nghiệp thuộc sở hữu cá nhân cắt ngang mạng lưới công cộng 4) Florida Keys chuỗi đảo xinh đẹp gồm gần 1.000 đảo san hơ đá vơi Những đảo tạo thành vòng cung mà đầu hướng phía tây nam phía tây hướng phía đất liền U.S Highway 1, gọi đường cao tốc vượt biển, kết nối đảo chuỗi Trên đường cao tốc này, thật điều cần thiết để vượt qua bốn mươi hai cầu qua đại dương để hết 59 dặm từ Miami, đất liền, đến Key West, đảo xa đường cao tốc thành phố cực nam Hoa Kỳ Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU VỚI PHƯƠNG PHÁP: SKIMMING SCANNING PARAPHRASING Skimming Scanning kỹ đọc quan trọng giúp thâu tóm nội dung tồn đọc nhanh Tuy nhiên nắm vận dụng hai kỹ đọc SKIMMING (Đọc lướt lấy ý chính) Skimming dùng mắt đọc lướt qua tồn khóa để lấy ý nội dung bao quát Khi cần dùng kỹ Skimming? - Skimming để xem ý nghĩa đọc để xác định đâu thông tin quan trọng - Skimming để xác định từ khóa - Sau skimming đoạn bạn xác định xem có cần đọc kỹ đoạn sau khơng Các bước skimming gì? - Đầu tiên đọc chủ đề Đây phần tóm tắt ngắn gọn nội dung Đọc đoạn giới thiệu khái quát đọc trọn đoạn đầu khóa - Đọc câu phụ đề có tìm mối tương quan chúng - Đọc câu đoạn lại + ý đoạn thường nằm câu + Nếu tác giả bắt đầu câu hỏi, lời dẫn, ý nằm câu cuối Đọc sâu vào khóa, ý: Những từ đầu mối trả lời cho câu hỏi Who, what, when, why, how + Danh từ riêng + Các từ khác biệt, đặc biệt từ viết hoa/ liệt kê + Tính từ số lượng (best, most, worst, ) + Những dấu hiệu đánh máy: in nghiêng, in đậm, gạch chân + Nếu có tranh, biểu đồ hay sơ đồ nhìn lướt thật nhanh Đọc toàn đoạn cuối Chú ý: Khi đọc lướt khơng có nghĩa đọc chữ thông thường đọc trái qua phải Để đọc lướt em cần nắm cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh SCANNING (Đọc nhanh lấy liệu chi tiết) Scanning đọc thật nhanh để lấy liệu cụ thể, thơng tin chi tiết khóa Khi cần dùng kĩ Scanning? Scanning thường sử dụng tìm kiếm liệu tên riêng, ngày, thơng số từ khóa mà khơng cần đọc hiểu phần khác câu hỏi thí sinh hồn thành kỹ Skimming áp dụng kỹ Scanning để tìm đáp án xác Các bước Scanning là: Ln ln phải định hình đầu xem bạn tìm kiếm thơng tin Nếu xác định thơng tin cần tìm kiếm cách rõ ràng bạn tìm từ dễ - Dự đốn xem thơng tin khóa dạng nào: số, tên riêng, ngày tháng nằm đoạn - Phân tích cách tổ chức khóa trước bắt đầu scanning + Có thể tiêu đề, biểu đồ phần in đậm Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN + Thơng tin xếp theo vần, theo số liệu giống danh bạ điện thoại, bảng giải - Đảo mắt thật nhanh nhìn vào nhiều dòng lúc - Khi tìm thấy câu có chứa thơng tin cần tìm dừng lại đọc tồn câu Bạn đọc từ xuống đọc theo đường chéo PARAPHRASING: Paraphrase cách phát biểu lại đoạn văn viết nói từ vựng cấu trúc khác mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa đoạn văn Ex: The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe The oboe is the most difficult woodwind instrument to master Kỹ thuật bao gồm cách sau: a/ Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa: - a car exhibition -> an auto show - to identify problems in the system -> to expose defects in the system - vehicular access will be temporarily restricted -> some roads will be closed for a certain period of time b/ Sử dụng từ trái nghĩa: The construction will improve the traffic flow -> The construction will ease traffic congestion The museum is open to the public Tuesday through Saturday -> The museum is closed to the public on Monday - to encourage better attendance -> to have fewer absences c/ Chuyển từ danh từ cụ thể (vd: color printer) sang danh từ chung (vd: office equipment) She is eating an apple -> She is eating a fruit He bought a microwave oven -> He purchased a kitchen appliance d/ Chuyển từ danh từ chung sang danh từ cụ thể transportation service -> bus, subway, train and airline service fossil fuels -> coal, oil, gas e/ Thay đổi từ loại: - to take occasional walks -> to walk occasionally - to dress comfortably walks -> to wear comfortable clothing f/ Sử dụng cấu trúc khác: - Street parking is available, but limited -> Visitors may have difficulty finding a place to park - Competitive salary based on the level of prior experience -> Pay depends on how much experience the applicant has Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Rèn kỹ đọc hiểu VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG VIDEO LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT có website MOON.VN Exercise PHƯƠNG It is VŨ veryMAI difficult to succeed in the music business; nine out to ten bands that release a first record fail to produce a second Surviving in the music industry requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires an intricate knowledge of how a record company functions The process begins when a representative of a company's Artists and Repertoire (A & R) department visits bars and night clubs, scouting for young, talented bands After the representative identifies a promising band, he or she will work to negotiate a contract with that band The signing of this recording contract is a slow process A company will spend a long time investigating the band itself as well as current trends in popular music During this period, it is important that a band reciprocate with an investigation of its own, learning as much as possible about the record company and making personal connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings Once a band has signed the contract and has finished recording an album, the Publicity and Promotions department takes over This department decides whether or not to mass produce and market the band's album Most bands fail to make personal contacts in this second department, thus losing their voice in the important final process of producing and marketing their album This loss of voice often contributes to the band's failure as a recording group Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? A Nine out of ten bands fail to produce a second record B It is important for a band to have an intricate knowledge of how a recording company works C Making personal connections will help the band in the final decisions about the promotion of their album D The main factors in a band's success are luck and patience Exercise Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist; a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient This is logical Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of ‘knowledge’ at all Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild - and the accumulate knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage? A They probably had extensive knowledge of plants B They divided knowledge into well-defined fields C They did not enjoy the study of botany D They placed great importance on ownership of property Exercise For many years, scientists have speculated that the cataclysmic impact of ail asteroid with the earth was responsible for the demise of the dinosaurs approximately 65 million years ago Previous discoveries and results have hinted that an asteroid two kilometers in diameter struck the Yucatan peninsula in Eastern Mexico This impact, stronger than one thousand nuclear explosions, is speculated to have cast a cloud of dust and debris into the atmosphere, covering the entire surface temperature of the earth and blocking out the sun and consequently lowering the surface temperature of the earth With such a radical change in the earth’s environment, scientists believe that over 99% of all animal and plant species were eradicated Only after millions of years did plants and animals even begin to recover But, the reign of the dinosaurs had ended and the age of mammals had begun The crucial link that has his theory together has been the element iridium Iridium is not commonly found on either the surface of the earth or inside the crust It is more commonly found in asteroids or meteorites throughout the solar system Scientists have hypothesized that after the asteroid impacted the earth, an even layer of iridium sediment settled over the globe and eventually became part of its surface The theory, of course, has depended on the discovery of such an existing layer of iridium Unfortunately, scientists have never been able to offer absolute proof that this asteroid impact ever occurred Recently, however, a discovery may go a long way toward validating these scientists’ theories In 1996, a team of marine biologists excavated samples of rock from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean just off the coast of Bermuda Found thousands of meters below the sea, these samples contain iridium similar to those found in the Yucatan peninsula thousands kilometers away At first, scientists were skeptical whether the samples were from the same time period But since carbon dating placed them to 65 million years ago, their doubts were quickly alleviated Since then many of the other theories for the demise of the dinosaur have been finally laid to rest This passage mainly discusses a theory about A which type of dinosaur roamed where B archeological evidence from Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean C why the dinosaurs turned into birds and reptiles D the extinction of the dinosaurs Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương B inventing computer games C spending his salary D learning to drive Question 3: He was employed by the company because A he had worked in a computer shop B he had written some computer programmes C he works very hard D he had learnt to use computers at school Question 4: He left school after taking O - levels because A he did not enjoy school B he wanted to work with computers and staying at school did not help him C he was afraid of getting too old to start computing D he wanted to earn a lot of money Question 5: Why does David think he might retire early? A You have to be young to write computer programmes B He wants to stop working when he is' a millionaire C He thinks computer games might not always sell so well D He thinks his firm might go bankrupt; Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Thi Online Rèn kỹ Đọc hiểu 12 VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG VIDEO LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT có website MOON.VN Exercise Read the following passage and then choose the correct answers VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG Martin Luther King, Jr., is well know for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them is his moving “I Have A Dream” speech But few people know much about King’s childhood M.L., as he was called, was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the home of his maternal grandfather M.L.’s grandfather, the Reverens A.D Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, twenty years before M.L was born The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people’s lives centered around the church He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks M.L grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place and was no doubt influenced by it M.L’s childhood was not especially eventful His father was a minister and his mother was a musician He was the second of three children, and he attended all-black schools in a black neighborhood The neighborhood was not poor, however Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolize achievement for Atlanta’s black people It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owned or blackoperated businesses and services Even in the face of Atlanta’s segregation, the district thrived Dr King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites Question According to the author, M.L _ A had a difficult childhood C loved to listen to his grandfather speak B grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta D was a good musician as a child Question According to the author, King was influenced by A his mother C community spirit B his speeches D black lawyers Question The word “It” refers to which of the following? A segregation C neighborhood B achievement D services Question The word “tailors” describes people who are associated with which of the following trades? A Shoe making C Flower arranging B Garment making D Book binding Question What is this passage mainly about? A Martin Luther King’s childhood C The prejudice that existed in Atlanta B M.L’s grandfather D The neighborhood King grew up in Question As used in the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “seemingly”? Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A apparently C hastily B inexplicably D inevitably Question As used in the second paragraph, the word “eventful” is closest in meaning to which of the following? A admirable C emotional B valued D memorable Question Which of the following best describes King’s childhood? A influential C luxury B peaceful D eventful Question The word “eloquent” in the first paragraph means most nearly A fascinating C powerful B romantic D active Question 10 According to the author, blacks in King’s neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT _ A law C banking B medicine D dentistry Exercise Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy He was the illegitimate son of Ser Piero, a Florentine notary and landlord, but lived on the estate and was treated as an illegitimate son In 1483, Leonardo da Vinci drew the first model of helicopter It did not look very much like our modern day “copter,” but the idea of what it could was about the same Leonardo was an artist and sculptor He was very interested in motion and movement and tried to show it in his art In order to show movement, he found it helpful to study the way things moved One subject he liked to study was birds and how they flew He spent many hours watching the birds and examining the structure of their wings He noticed how they cupped air with their wings and how the feathers helped hold the air Through these studies, Leonardo began to understand how birds were able to fly Like many other men, Leonardo began to dream of the day when people would be able to fly He designed a machine that used all the things he had learned about flight, and thus became the first model of a helicopter Poor Leonardo had only one problem, however He had no way to give the necessary speed to his invention You see, motors had not yet been invented and speed was an important part of the flying process It would be another four hundred years before the engine was invented and another fifty years before it was put to the test in an airplane Leonardo’s dream of a helicopter finally came to pass in 1936 the Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist, Leonardo died on May 2, 1519, and was buried in the cloister of San Fiorentino in Amboise Question 11: What is the author’s main point? A The invention of the helicopter B Birds cup air with their wings and use feathers to help hold the air C An overview of one of Leonardo da Vinci’s many skills D Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and died in 1519 Question 12: The word problem in paragraph five could best be replace by the word: A dilemma B mistake C danger D pain Question 13: The word it in paragraph two refers to: Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A Leonardo da Vinci B The first model helicopter C 1483 D motion and movement Question 14: Which paragraph explains why Leonardo’s helicopter was not successful in his lifetime: A paragraph B paragraph C paragraph D paragraph Question 15: The word illegitimate in paragraph one is closet in meaning to: A against the law or illegal B not in correct usage C incorrectly deduced; illogical D born out of wedlock Question 16: The following sentence would best complete which paragraph? “Since then people have been living out Leonardo’s dream of flying.” A paragraph B paragraph C paragraph D paragraph Question 17: What was the main problem with Leonardo’s invention? A motors were not yet invented B the birds lost their feathers C he was illegitimate D he couldn’t draw Question 18: The word they in the third paragraph refers to: A the feathers B the birds C the studies D the wings Question 19: In what year was the first helicopter flown? A 1483 B 1452 C 1519 D 1936 Question 20: What two things did birds have that Leonardo da Vinci noticed helped them to fly? A wings and beaks B feathers and talons C wings and feathers D cups and feathers Exercise May 7th, 1840 was the birthday of one of the most famous Russian composers of the nineteenth century Peter Illich Tchaikovsky The son of a mining inspector, Tchaikovsky studied music as a child and later studied composition at the St Petersburg Conservatory His greatest period of productivity occurred between 1876 and 1890, during which time he enjoyed the patronage of Madame Von Meck, a woman he never met, who gave him a living stipend of about $1,000.00 a year Madame Von Meck later terminated her friendship with Tchaikovsky, as well as his living allowance when she, herself, was facing financial difficulties It was during the time of Madame Von Meck's patronage, however, that Tchaikovsky created the music for which he is most famous, including the music for the ballets of "Swan Lake" and "The Sleeping Beauty" Tchaikovsky's music, well known for its rich melodic and sometimes melancholy passages, was one of the first that brought serious dramatic music to dance Before this, little attention had been given to the music behind the dance Tchaikovsky died on November 6th, 1893, ostensibly of cholera, though there are now some scholars who argue that he committed suicide Question 21: According to the passage, for what is Tchaikovsky's music most well known? A Its lively, capricious melodies B The richness and melodic drama of the music C The ballet-like quality of the music D Its repetitive and monotonous tones Question 22: Which of the following could best replace the word "terminated"? A Exploited B Resolved C Discontinued D Hated Question 23: According to the passage, "Swan Lake" and "The Sleeping Beauty" are _ A plays B songs C operas D dances Question 24: According to the passage, all of the following describe Madame Von Meck EXCEPT " _" Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A She was never introduced to Tchaikovsky B She had economic troubles C She enjoyed Tchaikovsky's music D She was generous Question 25: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A Tchaikovsky's unhappiness leading to suicide B Tchaikovsky's productivity in composing C Tchaikovsky's influence on ballet music D The patronage of Madame Von Meck Question 26: With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A The life and music of Tchaikovsky B Development of Tchaikovsky's music for ballets C Tchaikovsky's relationship with Madame Von Meck D The cause of Tchaikovsky's death Question 27: The phrase "enjoyed the patronage of" probably means " _" A solicited the advice of B was financially dependent upon C liked the company of D was mentally attached to Question 28: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "productivity"? A Affinity B Creativity C Maturity D Fertility Question 29: It is known that before Tchaikovsky, _ A serous dramatic music had been already brought to dance B music had been famous for its rich melodic passages C the music behind the dance had been taken seriously D the music behind the dance had been given very little attention Question 30: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "behind"? A In back of B Concealing C Going beyond D Supporting Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Thi Online Rèn kỹ Đọc hiểu VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG VIDEO LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT có website MOON.VN Exercise VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS Paul Watson is an environmental activist He is a man who believes that he must something, not just talk about doing something Paul believes in protecting endangered animals, and he protects them in controversial ways Some people think that Watson is a hero and admire him very much Other people think that he is a criminal On July 16th, 1979, Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd However, they had a strange prey, instead of hunting for animals, their prey was a ship, the Sierra The Sea Shepherd found the Sierra, ran into it and sank it As a result, the Sierra never returned to the sea The Sea Shepherd, on the other hand, returned to its home in Canada Paul Watson and his worked thought that they had been successful The Sierra had been a whaling ship, which had operated illegally The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obbey any of the international laws that restrict whaling Instead, they killed as many whales as they could, quickly cut off the meat, and froze it Later, they sold the whale meat in countries where it is eaten Paul Watson tried to persuade the international whaling commission to stop the Sierra However, the commission did very little, and Paul became impatient He decided to stop the Sierra and whaling ships in any way that he could He offered to pay $25,000 to any one who sank any illegal whaling ship, and he sank the Sierra He acted because he believed that he whales must be protected Still, he acted without the approval of the government; therefore, his action controversial Paul Watson is not the only environmental activist Other men and women are also fighting to protect the Earth Like Paul Watson, they not always have the approval of their governments, and like Watson, they have become impatient Yet, because of their concern for the environment, they will act to protect it Question 1: According to the reading, environmental activist is someone who _ A run into whaling ships B does something to protect the Earth C talks about protecting endangered species D is a hero, like Paul Watson Question 2: When something is controversial, _ A everyone agrees with it B everyone disagrees with it C people have different ideas about it D the people protect it Question 3: The members of a ship’s crew are _ Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A the men and women who work on the ship B the people who work on the airplanes C all of the people on a ship, including the passengers D The people who own the ship Question 4: The main idea of paragraph is that _ A Paul Watson is a hero to some people B Activists are people who something C Paul Watson is a controversial environmental activist D Paul Watson does not believe in talking Question 5: The Sea Shepherd was hunting _ A The Atlantic Ocean B Whales C the Sierra D Portugal Question 6: The author implies that Paul Watson lives in _ A Portugal B A ship on the Atlantic C The Sierra D Canada Question 7: The captain and the crew of the Sierra were acting illegally because _ A they were not obeying international laws B they were whaling C they were killing and selling whales D All of the above are correct Question 8: In paragraph 3, the phrase “and frozen it” refers to _ A whale meat B the Sierra C whales D the Sierra crew Question 9: The main idea of paragraph is that _ A the Sierra sold whale meat in some countries B the people on the Sierra didn’t obey international laws C the people on the Sierra killed as many whales as they could D Whaling is illegal according to international laws Question 10: Watson ran into the Sierra because _ A he wanted to stop the ship’s crew from whaling B he was impatient with the government’s actions C he wanted to protect the whales from the illegal hunters D All of the above are correct Exercise Tsunami is a Japanese word which means harbour wave and is used as the scientific term for seismic sea wave generated by an undersea earthquake or possibly an undersea landslide or volcanic eruption When the ocean floor is tilted or offset during an earthquake, a set of waves is created similar to the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into the water Most tsunamis originate along Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanoes and seismic activity, 32,500 km long that encircles the Pacific Ocean Since 1819, about 40 tsunamis have struck the Hawaiian Islands A tsunami can have wavelengths, or widths, of 100 to 200 km, and may travel hundreds of kilometers across the deep ocean, reaching speeds of about 725 to 800 kilometres an hour Upon entering shallow coastal waters, the wave, which may have been only about half a metre high out at sea, suddenly grows rapidly When the wave reaches the shore, it may be 15 m high or more Tsunamis have tremendous energy because of the great volume of water affected They are capable of obliterating coastal settlements Tsunamis should not be confused with storm surges, which are domes of water that rise underneath hurricanes or cyclones and cause extensive coastal flooding when the storms reach land Storm surges are particularly devastating if they occur at high tide A cyclone and accompanying storm surge skilled an estimated 500,000 people in Bangladesh in 1970 The tsunami which struck south and southeast Asia in late 2004 killed over 200 thousand people Question 11 Scientifically, tsunami is the term for A seismic sea wave B undersea earthquake C undersea landslide D volcanic eruption Question 12 What does the word “concentric” mean? A Wavy B Having many centers C Having a common centre D A ring Question 13 Which of the following may be a reason for a tsunami? A An inactive volcano B A landslide on the seashore C An undersea earthquake D A storm Question 14 What will happen when an object is dropped into the water? A Volcaic eruption may be a consequence B Some concentric waves will be generated C There will be seismic activity D Earthquake may happen Question 15 What is the zone of volcanoes and seismic activity in the world called? A The concentric wave B The tsunami C The Pacific Ocean D The Ring of Fire Question 16 What is the greatest speed of tsunami traveling across the deep-ocean? A 200 kilometres an hour B 700 kilometres an hour C 800 kilometres an hour D 150 000 kilometres an hour Question 17 How high is the wave of the tsunami when it reaches the shore? A 100 meters B 200 meters C Half a metre D Fifteen meters Question 18 How are tsunamis capable of obliterating coastal settlements? A They have tremendous energy due to the great volume of water affercted B They are a metre high or more C They travel hundreds of kilometers D They can strike the shore fifteen metres high Question 19 What killed an estimated 500,000 people in Bangladesh? A A tsunami B A cyclone and accompanying storm surge C A high tide D Flooding Question 20 Which of the following is NOT true? Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A Tsunamis only occur in Asia B A cyclone along with storm surge happened in Asia in 1970 C Storm surges are domes of water rising underneath hurricanes or cyclones D Storm surges cause extensive coastal flooding Exercise Because of the severe drought which has continued this year, water rationing will go into effect on Monday Lawns cannot be watered with automatic sprinklers; driveways, porches, and decks cannot be hosed down You may water by hand, but only on even-numbered days Cars can be washed on Wednesdays only The city has hired a new drought patrol crew, which will be looking for offenders If you are caught, there will be a $50 fine for the first offence and a $100 line for the second offence We realize that this is strict but the drought has affected LIS dramatically We ask your cooperation in conserving water Besides the drought rules, we ask that you be prudent in your household water use Turn off the faucet while you brush your teeth Take short showers, you might even consider turning off the water as you soap up Don't wash dishes under running water, and when you wash your clothes, save the final rinse water to begin your next load Let's all work together to save our community's water Question 21 What is the main problem the speaker is referring to? A The lack of water B The quality of water C The cost of water D The abundance of water Question 22 What should people on Monday? A Water their cars B Disconnect their washing machines C Wash their decks D Turn off the sprinklers Question 23 If you have a lawn, what are your rules? A Use the sprinkler on Mon - Fri B Water by hand C Water on Wednesdays D Don't water Question 24 What will the drought patrol crew do? A Fine citizens B Look for water resources C Ration water D Write new water rules Question 25 What does the speaker suggest? A Paying $50 B Fining your neighbour C Reusing washing machine water D Taking baths instead of showers Exercise Today I’d like to begin a discussion on the problem of the heating up the earth First we’ll touch on the relationship between fluorocarbons and the ozone layer You probably remember that the ozone layer is the protective shield around the earth It is important to all life, because it filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun Ozone itself, a form of oxygen, is regularly made by the action of the sun in the upper atmosphere It is also regularly destroyed by natural chemical processes The problem now is that too much of the ozone layer is being destroyed Scientists suspect that certain chemicals, such as fluorocarbons, are contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer And how we use fluorocarbons? The most common uses are in spray cans and cooling systems The chemical pollution from these fluorocarbons can account for some of the ozone losses that have been reported There are, however, new studies linking the sun itself to the depletion of the ozone layer We’ll go into that new study more next time Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Question 26 Who is the most likely speaker? A A doctor B A mechanic C A professor D A chemist Question 27 What is the speaker’s main topic? A Ultraviolet light B The use of spray cans C Air - conditioning systems D Fluorocarbons and the ozone layer Question 28 What is the most important purpose of the ozone layer? A Providing fluorocarbons B Shielding the sun C Protecting the earth D Destroying chemicals Question 29 What is the ozone layer made of? A Fluorocarbons B Oxygen C Shields D Ultraviolet light Question 30 What will the speaker probably discuss next? A How to make air conditioners with fluorocarbons B Harmful effects of ultraviolet light C The makeup of the ozone layer D The sun as a cause of ozone layer depletion Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương Thi Online Rèn kỹ Đọc hiểu VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG VIDEO LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT có website MOON.VN Exercise Read the following passage and then choose the correct answers VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we not realize just how useful this discovery has been Steam was the first invention that replaced wind power It was used to drive engines and was passed through pipes and radiators to warm rooms Petrol mixed with air was the next invention that provided power Exploded in a cylinder, it drove a motor engine Beyond these simple and direct uses, those forms have not much adaptability On the other hand, we make use of electricity in thousands of ways From the powerful voltages that drive our electric trains to the tiny current needed to work a simple calculator, and from the huge electric magnet in steel works that can lift 10 tons to the tiny electric magnet in a doorbell, all are powered by electricity An electric current can be made with equal ease to heat a huge mass of molten metal in a furnace, or to boil a jug for a cup of coffee Other than atomic energy, which has not as yet been harnessed to the full, electricity is the greatest power in the world It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted It travels so easily and with incredible speed along wires or conductors that it can be supplied instantly over vast distances To generate electricity, huge turbines or generators must be turned In Australia they use coal or water to drive this machinery When dams are built, falling water is used to drive the turbines without polluting the atmosphere with smoke from coal Atomic power is used in several countries but there is always the fear of an accident A tragedy once occurred at Chernobyl, in Ukraine, at an atomic power plant used to make electricity The reactor leaked, which caused many deaths through radiation Now scientists are examining new ways of creating electricity without harmful effects to the environment They may harness the tides as they flow in and out of bays Most importantly, they hope to trap sunlight more efficiently We use solar heaters for swimming pools but as yet improvement in the capacity of the solar cells to create more current is necessary When this happens, electric cars will be viable and the world will rid itself of the toxic gases given off by trucks and cars that burn fossil fuels Question The author mentions the sources of energy such as wind, steam, petrol in the first paragraph to _ A suggest that electricity should be alternated with safer sources of energy B emphasize the usefulness and adaptability of electricity C imply that electricity is not the only useful source of energy D discuss which source of energy can be a suitable alternative to electricity Question Before electricity, what was sometimes passed through pipes to heat rooms? A gas B petrol Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương C steam D hot wind Question 3: What does the author mean by saying that electricity is flexible? A It is cheap and easy to use B It is used to drive motor engines C It can be adapted to various uses D It can be made with ease Question What we call machines that make electricity? A Voltages B Electric magnets C Generators or turbines D pipes and radiators Question The main forms of power used to generate electricity in Australia are _ A atomic power and water B water and coal C sunlight and wind power D wind and gas Question The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _ A harmful effects B the tides C scientists D new ways Question Electric magnets are used in steel works to _ A lift heavy weights up to ten tons B test the steel for strength C heat the molten steel D boil a jug of water Question The advantage of harnessing the power of the tides and of sunlight to generate electricity is that they _ A not pollute the environment B are more reliable C are more adaptable D not require attention Question Which of the following power source causes pollution by emitting harmful gases? A Sunlight B petrol C water D wind Question 10 The best title for this passage could be _ A “Type of Power Plants” B “Electricity: Harmful Effects on Our Life” C “How to produce Electricity” D “Why Electricity Is So Remarkable” Exercise Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe A galaxy is a giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field Most of the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars, together with gas and dust There are three main types of galaxy; spiral, elliptical, and irregular The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy: a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from itscentral nucleus About onequarter of all galaxies have this shape Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form ; as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of bright young stars in its arms The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the Sun; these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical Irregular galaxies comprise about onetenth of all galaxies and they come in many subclasses Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time: the time to fly from one continent to another or the Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương time it takes to drive to work, for example By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away Their light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world Question 11 The world "major" in line is closest in meaning to A intense B principal C huge D unique Question 12 What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? A The Milky Way B Major categories of galaxies C How elliptical galaxies are formed D Difference between irregular and spiral galaxies Question 13 According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to A an explosion of gas B the compression of gas and dust C the combining of old stars D strong radio emissions Question 14 The word "symmetrical" in line is closest in meaning to A proportionally balanced B commonly seen C typical large D steadily growing Question 15 The word "obvious" in line is closest in meaning to A discovered B apparent C understood D simplistic Question 16 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies? A They are the largest galaxies B They mostly contain old stars C They contain a high amount of interstellar gas D They have a spherical shape Question 17 Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage? A They are a type of elliptical galaxy B They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope C They are closely related to irregular galaxies D They are not as bright as spiral galaxies Question 18 What percentage of galaxies are irregular? A 10% Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương B 25% C 50% D 75% Question 19 The word "they" in line 18 refers to A intervals B yardsticks C distances D galaxies Question 20 Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph? A To describe the effect that distance has on visibility B To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies C To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth D To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope Exercise The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger Those parts that are not tend to wither away It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow Those that are never used diminish By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he does not We may even be able to guess his profession or his recreation Enthusiasts of the ‘body- building’ cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to build their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work The teller's hands are relatively soft The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions Too much sunlight is dangerous Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is used, and fades to white when it is not Question 21 What does the passage mainly discuss? A How principles of use and disuse change people's concepts of themselves B The way in which people change themselves to conform to fashion C The changes that occur according to the principle of use and disuse D The effects of the sun on the principle of use and disuse Question 22 The phrase ‘wither away’ is closest in meaning to: A split B rot C perish D shrink Question 23 The word “those” refers to: Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 Khóa Pro S: Luyện thi THPT Quốc Gia - 2018 – GV: Vũ Mai Phương Fb: Vũ Mai Phương A organisms B bodies C parts D muscles Question 24 According to the passage, men who body build A appear like sculptures B change their appearance C belong to strange cults D are very fashionable Question 25 From the passage, it can be inferred that author views body building A with enthusiasm B as an artistic from C with scientific interest D of doubtful benefit Question 26 The word ‘horny’ is closest in meaning to: A firm B strong C tough D dense Question 27 From the passage, it can be inferred that the principle of use and disuse enables organisms to A change their existence B automatically benefit C survive in any conditions D improve their lifetime Question 28 The author suggests that melanin A is necessary for the production of vitamin D B is beneficial in sunless climates C helps protect fair-skinned people D is a synthetic product Question 29 In the second paragraph, the author mentions sun tanning as an example of A humans improving their local condition B humans surviving in adverse conditions C humans using the principle of use and disuse D humans running the risk of skin cancer Question 30 The word ‘susceptible’ could be best replaced by A condemned B vulnerable C allergic D suggestible Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 ... WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU VỚI PHƯƠNG PHÁP: SKIMMING SCANNING PARAPHRASING Skimming Scanning kỹ đọc quan trọng giúp thâu tóm nội dung toàn đọc nhanh Tuy nhiên nắm vận dụng hai kỹ đọc SKIMMING... Nếu có tranh, biểu đồ hay sơ đồ nhìn lướt thật nhanh Đọc tồn đoạn cuối Chú ý: Khi đọc lướt khơng có nghĩa đọc chữ thông thường đọc trái qua phải Để đọc lướt em cần nắm cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh SCANNING... Dùng kỹ scanning để tìm đoạn phù hợp để đọc kỹ lấy thông tin => Đọc kỹ câu chứa từ khóa ý câu hỏi cẩn thận => Loại bỏ lựa chọn đề cập so với đọc => Chọn phương án không đề cập không với đọc Ex: