Outline debate - Đa dạng văn hóa và quốc tế hóa

Khái niệm A, "cultural diversity." This is a society - or a world that contains and supports many distinct cultures, each with its own particular strengths and weaknesses, its own language and educational system, and its own capacity to instill in its members a sense of identity based on rootedness in their culture Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other's differences Conference of UNESCO took this position in 2001, asserting in Article of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity that " cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature" What is multiculturalism? Cultural diversity often refers to the coexistence of many cultures, cultural forms, and various cultural expressions in a particular region or the world in general What is the meaning of cultural diversity? Cultural diversity is a characteristic of human society, so it is a necessary condition for development, even for the survival of human beings Cultural diversity is the origin of identity, of innovation and creativity, which helps to connect people around the world It motivates development, not only economic growth, but also enriches intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual life Diverse cultural significance for the following areas: Economy Cultural diversity is a resource for many areas of the economy Cultural and tourism industries: create jobs and income through heritage, through visits, sales of crafts and other cultural products Traditional livelihoods: preserve local knowledge, create jobs; diversified ways from handicraft production, agriculture, resource management Society Cultural diversity is an effective means of promoting mutual understanding and resisting prejudices This is essential for social stability Social Inclusion: Culture is a source of hope that allows people to have a deep sense of belonging Social capital: Protecting the different forms of culture and the process of forming these forms will contribute to the strengthening of the social capital of the community and the feeling of ownership and trust in public organizations 3 Security and defense Cultural diversity is a means of promoting and securing political security as well as territorial integrity Each group, ethnic group has a spiritual leader (village elders) Through spiritual leaders, cultivating the culture and language of each group, ethnic group and locality is an effective way to ensure political security Due to the characteristics of many ethnic groups living on the border and in the high mountains, the diversity of their livelihoods and culture Helps to protect national security, defense and territorial integrity ethnic minority cadres have easy access to their compatriots; Community cohesion, strengthening national unity Environment Cultural diversity helps protect the environment This is because each nation has its own world view When these cultural features are preserved, it contributes to the preservation of forests and natural landscapes For example, ethnic people have a belief in sacred forests, so they must ban the strangers in the village This helps preserve the forest, the natural landscape Every region on the planet is becoming a cultural diversity and the power of diversity is being promoted in political diplomacy, economic diplomacy and cultural diplomacy Each culture contains its own strengths and contributes to the development of human beings in different ways Dialogue between cultures enhances understanding but also provides opportunities for cultures to cooperate, exchange and cultivate, opening new opportunities for understandable cultures more about the culture of the nation, its people create the premise for social development vài thành phố tiêu biểu cho đa dạng văn hóa: Amsterdam Được biết đến nơi chào đón người di cư người xin tị nạn, Amsterdam, thành phố lớn Hà Lan, tự hào có phận dân cư đa dạng Với khoảng 178 văn hóa khác nhau, thành phố kết hợp sinh động người thân thiện đến từ khắp nơi giới Thành phố quốc tế có phận khơng nhỏ người nói đa ngơn ngữ, người tiếng Hà Lan, thành phố cung cấp nhiều lớp học ngôn ngữ "hầu miễn phí" để giúp đỡ họ Amsterdam tổ chức nhiều kiện văn hóa suốt năm nhấn mạnh tầm nhìn giới họ, bao gồm Lễ hội DRONGO - lễ kỷ niệm đa ngôn ngữ tổ chức Thư viện Công cộng Amsterdam London Là thành phố lớn Vương quốc Anh, London quần thể đa dạng sắc tộc giới Từ Ấn Độ đến Jamaica, Ghana nhiều quốc gia khác, giới thực thu nhỏ khu vực sôi động Khoảng phần ba số người London sinh nước ngoài, ngơn ngữ thức tiếng Anh, phố đầy sôi động với 200 ngôn ngữ toàn cầu Mặc dù nhiều người chọn London làm nơi sinh sống họ có tình u văn hóa nơi sinh chia sẻ theo nhiều cách khác nhau, bao gồm ăn lễ hội Lễ hội Notting Hill Carnival Los Angeles Nằm Nam California, Los Angeles thành phố đa văn hóa giới với dân cư đến từ khoảng 140 quốc gia, nói 86 ngơn ngữ khác Với luật thân thiện với người nhập cư, nơi phổ biến cho tìm kiếm sống Mỹ Los Angeles tạo cảnh văn hóa thật sơi động Nơi đầy khu phố có văn hóa đặc trưng Koreatown, Little Tokyo Boyle Heights - khu vực phổ biến với cộng đồng người Latinh Paris Trong nhập cư chủ đề nóng Pháp, Paris thành phố có nhóm văn hóa tồn cầu khác Mặc dù khó để xác định xác số người nước ngồi sống Paris luật pháp Pháp cấm hỏi dân tộc Tổng điều tra, điều tra độc lập đưa tỷ lệ phần trăm từ 14% đến 20% với đa số di dân đến từ bên ngồi EU Du khách tìm thấy nhiều khu phố sơi động Paris Ví dụ: Quartier Chinois (Khu phố Tàu) thuộc quận thứ 13 cộng đồng sống động số văn hóa châu Á Belleville (các quận 10,11,19 20) vẻ đẹp đa văn hóa gồm dân tộc Bắc Phi, Do Thái Châu Á New York Một thành phố quốc tế giới, New York đô thị sống động nằm bờ biển phía Đơng Hoa Kỳ Được tạo thành từ năm quận, Queens nơi đa dạng với người đến từ Ấn Độ, Hàn Quốc Brazil Thân thiện với người nhập cư, NYC thành lập Văn phòng Di dân Thị trưởng, nơi tạo nhiều lệnh luật pháp để giúp đỡ người đến từ nước – chiếm khoảng 36% dân chúng San Francisco Một đá q đa văn hóa khác California, San Francisco nhỏ thành phố khác đề cập có văn hóa đa dạng khơng Một tỷ lệ lớn (36%) người sinh quốc gia khác chọn thành phố nơi sinh sống, đông cư dân đến từ Trung Quốc Những người nhập cư khác đến từ nơi Đức, Ý, Mexico Ấn Độ Thành phố rải rác khu phố sôi động, bao gồm Khu phố Tàu, Quận Mission North Beach Hàng năm, kỷ niệm nguồn gốc đa văn hóa thơng qua lễ hội kiện khác Lễ hội năm diễu hành Trung Quốc - 10 diễu hành lớn giới, Lễ hội múa dân tộc kiện kỷ niệm cộng đồng vùng Vịnh đa dạng São Paulo Nằm phía đơng nam Brazil, São Paulo - thường người dân địa phương gọi Sampa - thành phố đa văn hóa Nam Mỹ Trong người nhập cư khơng phổ biến nhiều năm trước đây, dân số đa dạng thành phố bắt nguồn từ đợt nhập cư năm 1870 Từ Ý đến Li-băng, nhiều quốc gia có mặt người đại diện khắp thành phố lớn Brazil điều chứng minh phong cách ẩm thực thành phố, cảnh quan tơn giáo, khu phố Du khách lang thang Bela Vista, gọi Bixiga Bexiga, để trải nghiệm nước Ý São Paulo, Liberdade, khu phố Nhật Bản Global village "Global Village" refers to the idea of an increasingly unified world where effects of globalization allow us to overcome the limitations of physical distance It can be summarized as follows: we are now connected by many convenient modes of travel, global media, advanced technologies and seamless information transfer, and that we have become a sort of "single global community" The Advantages of our Global Village:  Resources can be sourced from various countries in order to produce goods and services more efficiently  Efficient global trade allows consumers to have a much larger variety of products/services to choose from  These products/services are made brought to market at much lower prices due to competitive forces worldwide  Consequently, companies are able to procure the necessary input materials and services at more competitive prices, due to global supply  Companies have access to much wider larger multinational markets  Peace/understanding, goodwill and cultural alignment is facilitated among countries that were once vastly different and "at war"  Opportunities for investment have expanded beyond national borders  Import/Export laws have made it easier to sustain optimal global supplies of essential goods/commodities since countries are now able to focus on their core competencies and rely on international trade  Adverse effects of fluctuations in agricultural productions in one area can be reduced by pooling production from other areas The Disadvantages of our Global Village:  Developed countries can stifle development of undeveloped and under-developed countries  Economic depression in one country can trigger adverse reactions across the globe  Increased movement of products and people across the globe facilitates the spread of diseases, thus increasing the risk of outbreaks  Global competition puts pressure on small businesses who not have resources to compete on a global scale Globalization is a hindrance to local small business operations  Ease of access to cheaper labor abroad has been detrimental to employment standards in most developed countries Companies are moving production offshore, causing unskilled workers to move into entry-level service work where pay is low and turnover is high  The world is experiencing a shift towards widespread languages and the dominance of western cultural values On average, one language dies every 14 days By the next century nearly half of the roughly 7,000 languages spoken on Earth will likely disappear, as communities abandon native tongues in favor of English, Mandarin, or Spanish What are the advantages/disadvantages of cultural diversity? Advantages: You broaden your perspective You learn useful ideas from other cultures You get the opportunity to disseminate your own culture Your own culture gets enriched You learn to be more tolerant and accepting of other beliefs Other areas of societal life, such as the economy, evolve with the melding of technology and structures You learn ways of compromising without yielding cherished values and beliefs Disadvantages: Risk of unresolvable conflict, as in religion Some members may not be as tolerant and accepting 3 Competition for scarce resources, instead of sharing, may dominate Risk of exploitation by vested interest groups Social institutions, such as law and education, may differ in principles, policies and practices that may result in conflict when issues cross the cultural divide Conservative sectors may resist integration, especially if enforced within a generation, resulting in animosity and, possibly, destructive conflict Source https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-disadvantages-of-cultural-diversity https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-global-village-What-are-some-of-the-advantagesdisadvantages-of-it Definition: The Global village is a metaphoric shrinking of the world into a village through the use of telecommunications Negative Impact: The domination of American value backed by the power of certain states, Western ideals are falsely established as universal, overrriding local traditions "cultural imperialism" "cultural imperialism: By global monoculture I mean the de facto dominance of a single culture across all the important sectors of the world the power of the dominant global culture is such that it tends to overwhelm, or reduce to a status of inferiority, all local cultures”” Kenneth Keniston (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): "Culture" in this anthropological sense, then, is a core part of our identities as human beings, connected to our mother tongues, to our families as children, to our root assumptions about life and the world, to our links to our ancestors, and to the fundamental texts, written or unwritten, of our social world It is the glue that binds us together with those whom we recognize as being "people like us." It is what makes a set of individuals a people and not simply a gathering of strangers How can we develop international rules to deal with transborder confidentiality, pornography, the drug trade, national security, subversion, terrorism, censorship, and property rights in an era of electronic communication? These cross-national legal problems merit and receive attention more than 90% of all Web sites in the world are in English And it is connected to the broader worry that what is often called "American culture" sometimes seems (even to Europeans) to be an invasive, alien, or even subversive force that weakens, undermines or overrides traditional cultures even of "Western" nations like Germany, France, Italy, or Spain How does one preserve cultural diversity (i.e., "local values") in an era of global networks in which the English language and "American culture" play so dominant a role -> The domination of America in the “global village” , Toru Nishigaki, argues that despite its appearance of multiculturalism, today's global culture is in the last analysis an American monoculture, founded on the enormous appeal of Hollywood films and American TV, on the dominance of the American entertainment industry and on the technological, economical, and military power of the United States Nishigaki argues that we are witness to the spreading, subtly or directly, of "American" values of "free enterprise," materialism, consumerism, political liberalism, and so on For Nishigaki, this American plague threatens to infect or relegate to insignificance all other cultures Samuel Huntington in a recent and controversial work He claims that far from being unified into one "Western" or "American" monoculture, the world is increasingly polarized around multiple regional cultural-religious centers a Confucian world in East Asia, an Islamic world in the Middle East and North Africa, a Latin American world in South America, et cetera Huntington's work is understandably popular with leaders of nations like Singapore, Malaysia, and the People's Republic of China, who claim that there exist something called "Asian values" (distinct from so called "Western values") "Asian values" allegedly stress patriarchal family deference, community loyalty, a disciplined and obedient citizenry, and an authoritarian state According to this view, "Western" values like human rights, human dignity, freedom of the press, religion, and speech are alien impositions that have no rightful place in an "Asian" context the average person, rich or poor, really takes these tele-worlds and cyber-worlds very seriously the influence multinational corporations have on promoting a consumer culture, exploitation of workers and markets and influencing societal values T The adoption of Western Culture and ideologies is seen as many computer-mediated technologies are developed, marketed and processed via western markets Impact on Indigenous Cultures As a result of globalization, many indigenous groups are being more widely exploited through the tourism industry The increasing ease of access to these cultures by Western tourists allows for a greater interaction between the two which is not necessarily equal Western tourists often view indigenous groups as quaint relics of the past that they can observe and report back on to their friends at home Inevitably there is the acquisition of souvenirs which Western tourists put on display as examples of the primitive encounter they have returned from Even though there is interest in the culture of these indigenous groups, there is rarely a sense of equality The tourist often sees themselves as superior and worthy of being served global pressure on their culture is only going to lead to the erosion of their traditional values to the point that the diversity of culture in the world will be slowly whittled away to the point that there will be only one large homogeneous culture world wide The consumeristic nature of globalization is often contrary to traditional indigenous values Globalization does not take into consideration cultural and socioeconomic circumstances Instead, it looks to further the interests of the larger, more influential countries and corporations which are the impetus behind its spread Lost of Language _ few are aware of a parallel crisis for languages, with predicted extinction rates ranging from 50 to 90% of the world’s some 7,000 languages by the end of this century For example, 191 languages of India that are classified as vulnerable or endangered _ mobile phones, DVDs or video games may support the top 50 languages maximum, but never more than that Some languages are not suited to these technologies: Greenlandic words are too long to subtitle and to use in text messaging Polar Eskimos tend to send text messages in Danish or English because it is easier Other effect on society With the onset of globalization, traditional nation-states have been placed under enormous pressures Today, with the development of technology, information and capital are transcending geographical boundaries and reshaping the relationships between the marketplace, states and citizens In particular, the growth of the mass media industry has largely impacted on individuals and societies across the globe Although beneficial in some ways, this increased accessibility has the capacity to negatively affect a society's individuality With information being so easily distributed throughout the world, cultural meanings, values and tastes run the risk of becoming homogenized As a result, the strength of identity of individuals and societies may begin to weaken _ modern institutions have an inherently rationalizing thrust, making all human practices more efficient, controllable, and predictable, as exemplified by the spread of fast food "McDonaldization" For consumerism to operate efficiently, it requires as few operating languages as possible multinational corporations promote a certain kind of consumerist culture, in which standard commodities, promoted by global marketing campaigns exploiting basic material desires, create similar lifestyles "Coca-Colanization" _ The Internet offers also a chance to move away from television which is largely responsible for the spread of a phoney, idiotic form of entertainment culture where production costs are too high to support minority languages