Xử lí hình ảnh trong báo cáo khoa học

Chun đề: Xử lí hình ảnh báo cáo khoa học Content • • Tìm kiếm hình ảnh báo cáo Yêu cầu Figures & Tables kết thí nghiệm Finding images??? • Wikimedia Commons Images are contributed by photographers who have the authority and desire to offer copyright-free images Give a link to the image in Wikimedia Commons and, when available, the name of the creator of the item • • • PNAS Online(the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) Permission is granted to use the images for educational purposes Scientific American and Nature have some beautiful images for posters; permission to use images can be requested Science has a wealth of high resolution images You must request permission to use these images for display purposes (e.g for Student Symposium) • Google’s Advanced Image Search: For Size, select Large For Usage Rights, select “free to use.”  Use Google's main image search to find the origin of an online image or a larger version:  In the search box, click the camera icon  to search by an image's URL or to upload an image from your computer • Prints and Photographs Reading Room (Library of Congress) does not have scientific images at this time, but included in this digital collection are images from the early days of the conservation movement Most are free to use for educational purposes Citing image??? • •  to assist retrieval of the image at a later date it is best to include a date of retrieval in your references Figure “Water lily [Nymphaeaceae] blooming in Saint Petersburg’s Botanical Gardens, September 2005,” by A L Olsen Retrieved 2011 from the NBII (National Biological Information Infrastructure) Digital Image Library website, maintained by the Center for Biological Informatics of the U.S Geological Survey, http://life.nbii.gov/dml/mediadetail.do?id=2995 Figures • • Figures come in two types: graphs and images/diagrams • Images and diagrams are more likely to be used to help explain concepts or theories showing trends or patterns of relationship • Graphs are typically used to present your data in a form that is easy for the reader to understand It is important to realize that figures not act as a replacement for text You should still explain concepts and theories and present your data in written English The figures help the reader to understand what you have written Figure (cont) • • • ask yourself why you are doing so??? Look better in presentation? Must serve a purpose used to emphasise certain aspects of your data • Do your images/diagrams actually help?  If not, discard them Titling of Figure • • Numbering all of Figures There should be a short and concise title Titles for figures appear below the figure itself An example of a titled graph is given below • Capitalise st word and hightlight emphasizing word   Figure 1. The clinical reasoning process with descriptors Reprinted from “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically'at risk' patients,” by T Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p 517 Tables • • • • • Tables are used to present information That could be theoretical information, or data from your research findings Not a raw data In a table you present a summary of your data Typically this will include mean, standard deviation and sample size statistics Be selective in what tables, as well as the number of tables you include within your text If a large number of tables are included it may prove distracting to the reader Do not use a table when you wish to show a trend or a pattern of relationship between sets of values EX: population and Sex ratio Include a title (in italics) for the table on the next line directly after the table number (spacing can either be single or double-space) Each major word in the title should appear in capitals The title should be descriptive of the contents of the table Footnote • footnotes are used to clarify points in the table, or to convey repetitive information about entries • footnotes may also be used to denote statistical differences among groups Deal with Tables and Figures??? • How to number Tables and Figures: Figures and Tables are numbered independently (Fig and Table 1, separately) • Placement of Figures and Tables within the Paper: put on separate pages from text material To publishing paper: as near as possible to the place where you first refer to it Notice: avoid breaking flow of text, or divide text Into small blocks Give them to a fellow biology major (not in your course) and ask them to interpret your results Legend of Tables and Figures • • • a clear and complete legend (sometimes called a caption) is essential • • • - The organism studied in the experiment • Createria: - what results are being shown in the graph(s) including the summary statistics plotted -location (ONLY if a field experiment), - specific explanatory information needed to interpret the results shown (in tables, this is frequently done as footnotes) Figure Height frequency (%) of White Pines (Pinus strobus) in the Thorncrag Bird Sanctuary, Lewiston, Maine, before and after the Ice Storm of '98 Before, n=137, after, n=133 Four trees fell during the storm and were excluded from the post-storm survey Một số khái niệm • Resolution can be either dots per inch (dpi) or pixels per inch (ppi) • For higher resolution or larger physical dimension: photo, raster and bitmap images cannot be reliably resized • For this reason, if you need to modify the resolution or physical dimension of a photo, raster or bitmap image, you will need to use an image editing application like Photoshop: see the Resizing Image section of this document Photoshop vs PowerPoint: Which one should I use? • • • A good rule to follow is use each tool for what it does best: Use Photoshop for image adjustment, layer-merging, cropping, rotating and editing Use PowerPoint for annotating with text and lines, editing text and line elements, incorporating tables, graphs, • charts and other vectors and creating composites of multiple images How to use? • • Refer to attachments Editing with Photoshop and Power Point Thank you ...Content • • Tìm kiếm hình ảnh báo cáo Yêu cầu Figures & Tables kết thí nghiệm Finding images??? • Wikimedia Commons Images