1 GLOSSARY OF MARKETING DEFINITIONS Sponsored by IFLA Section on Management and Marketing Updated and Corrected Version January 2001 Prepared by Dr. Christine M. Koontz Florida State University Florida Resources and Environmental Analysis Center Tallahassee, FL. 32306 USA ckoontz@admin.freac.fsu.edu Definitions extracted and revised into library related terminology from Dictionary of Marketing Terms , second ed., edited by Peter D. Bennett, published in conjunction with American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL, USA; and 2 NTC Publishing Group: Lincolnwood, IL, USA, 1995. Definitions from other sources are referenced. Glossary of Marketing Definitions access Access to library materials and services, on one dimension, is represented in the location of physical facilities. Because libraries are traveled-to outlets, marketing location theories can be applied successfully to library siting. (Wood and Koontz) accountability Libraries like private sector businesses are increasingly called upon to make all units accountable for results. Growing funds are needed for technology as opposed to only books. Funders often cut the library budget first, in favor of other agencies such as police and fire or other seemingly, more necessary agencies. Libraries are developing better performance measures within the present day control systems to offer better accountability. (Wood and Koontz) acculturation The process by which people in one culture or subculture learn to understand and adapt to the norms, values, life styles and behaviors of people in another culture or subcultures. For example, acculturation is the process by which a recent immigrant learns the way of life of the new country. Library services and materials facilitate this process. acquisition value The users’ perception of the relative worth of a product or service to them. Formally defined as the subjectively weighted difference between the most a buyer would be willing to pay for the product or service, less the actual price of the item. Time user must spend to ‘acquire’ is often used as a surrogate for ‘relative worth or price paid,’ in library research. For example, a user might be willing to expend drive time and a brief time in the library to check out a best seller, but not wait two weeks for a copy to be returned. activities, interests, and opinions (AIO) A measurable series of psychographic (as opposed to demographic) variables involving the interests and beliefs of users. Note, because psychographics are usually expensive to gather, yet offer a more precise profile of users, demographic variables are usually relied upon. adopter categories Persons or agencies that adopt an innovation are often classified into five groups according to the sequence of their adoption of it. (To illustrate this think of individual use of the Internet within the library, and for an agency, libraries that offer Internet access to the general public. 1) Innovators (first 2-5%); 2) Early adopters (10-15%)’ 3) Early majority (next 35%); 4) Late majority (next 35%); 5) Laggards (final 5-10%). This is important when considering how long it may take for the general public to ‘adopt’ a product or service. advertising The placement and purchase of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations. This has not been a traditional method for libraries of informing the public, but rather Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn THE GOVERNMENT Decree No 102/2015/ND-CP dated October 20, 2015 of the Government on management and operation of airports and airfields Pursuant to the Law on Government organization dated December 25, 2001; Pursuant to the Law on Civil Aviation dated June 29, 2006 and the Law on amendment to the Law on Civil aviation dated November 21, 2014; Pursuant to the Law on Land dated November 29, 2013; Pursuant to the Law on Construction dated June 18, 2014; At the request of the Minister of Transport, The Government promulgates a Decree on management and operation of airports and airfields Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article Scope of adjustment and subject of application This Decree deals with management and operation of airports/airfields in Vietnam, including: principles and responsibilities of agencies/units involved in management and operation of airports/airfields; airport/airfield planning and implementation thereof; procedures for opening, shutting down airports/airfields; operation of airports/airfields and the vicinity; airfields serving both civil and military purposes (hereinafter referred to as civil-military airfields); selling, mortgaging, leasing, contributing property on airport/airfield land; business operation at airports/airfields This Decree applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities involved in management and operation of airports and airfields in Vietnam Article Interpretation of terms Airport/airfield operator means the organization granted the license for airport/airfield operation Infrastructure of an airport includes: a) Infrastructure of the airfield; b) Works for provision of air navigation service; c) Works for provision of security and emergency services LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn d) Perimeter fences; internal roads; power supply works, water supply and drainage works; lighting works; dd) Passenger terminals and cargo terminals; e) Works for provision of ground services; repair and maintenance services for aircraft and aviation equipment; technical aviation services; in-flight food and drink services; aviation fuel services Infrastructure of the airfield includes: runway, taxiway, aircraft stands, auxiliary works and areas of the airfield; fire safety works; airfield perimeter fences; internal roads of the airfield; environmental protection works, and other works in the air operations area Property on airport/airfield land means an infrastructural work of the airport/airfield which is built on its land Lease of airport/airfield infrastructure means the owner’s transferring the right to use an infrastructural works of the airport/airfield to the lessee for provision of corresponding aviation services and collect rents as prescribed by this Decree and relevant regulations of law Works invested by state budget are works that capital provided by state budget makes up at least 30% of total investment in which Works invested by other capital sources are works that are not invested by state budget Article Rules for management and operation of airports/airfields Ensure national defense and security; ensure aviation security and safety Ensure close and effective cooperation between regulatory bodies of the airport/airfield; between civil and military aviation agencies/units and related to civil-military airfields Ensure the uniform, synchronous, continuous, and effective operation chain of the airport/airfield Ensure healthy competition, civilization, and courteousness; facilitate civil aviation at the airport/airfield Protect public order and interest, customers’ interest, and the environment Ensure comprehensive development of the system of airports/airfields, conformity with strategies and master plans for transport development, master plan for development of airports/airfields, local socio-economic development strategies, international tendency of civil aviation development, and satisfaction of demand for air transport in Vietnam LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn If necessary for the purpose of national defense and security, search and rescue, disaster response, the Ministry of National Defense shall take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Transport in requisitioning part of or the entire infrastructure of the airport/airfield and provide compensation as prescribed by law Article Responsibility of airport/airfield operator Maintain fulfillment of conditions for issuance of the license for airport operation; direct the assurance of service quality assurance at the airport/airfield Manage, make use of the infrastructure and equipment of the airport/airfield under their management in accordance with regulations of law, airport documents; maintain the operation of the airport/airfield in accordance with applied technical regulations and standards; cooperate in performance of national defense and security tasks or prevention of ...VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 23 (2007) 139-142 139 Influence of laser parameters on the stationary operation of a two-mode random micro laser Dinh Van Hoang * , Mai Hong Hanh Department of Physics, College of Science, VNU 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam Received 28 May 2007; received in revised form 11 October 2007 Abstract. Solving the system of equations describing the stationary operation of a two-mode random microlaser we have found the transformation of saturated values of mode intensity when laser parameters as gain and loss coefficients as well as field coupling, photon hopping coefficients vary. From obtained results we determined which parameter takes the most important role for stationary operation of random microlasers. Keywords: Random microlaser, field coupling. 1. Introduction The study of random microlaser has been begun since three decades ago. Random lasing has been found in ZnO powder [1,2], in solution of TiO 2 nanoparticles, in Rhodamine dye in polymethy- methacrylate (PMMA) or in some polymer systems [3,4]. Recently, experiments showed random laser action with sharp lasing peak [5, 6]. The explanation of this has been not done yet. There are many theoretical models that were established like John et al [7] combining the electron number equations of energy level with diffusion equation, Berger et al [8] using a Monter Carlo simulation and recently Kiang et al [9] combining a FDTD method with the semi classical laser theory [10]. However, at present the research on random laser is concentrated to the steady-state properties. Therefore, in this paper we examine the stationary operation of two-mode random microlaser. Starting from basic equations for two-mode random microlaser presented in [11], we have solved the basic equations in stationary regime by using numerical method. The obtained results are shown in Section 2. In Section 3, we give the curves describing the influence of laser parameters on the saturated values of mode intensities and Section 4 devoted to discussion and conclusion. 2. Basic equations and solving method In stationary regime, from [11] we have the system of equations: 2 11 11 121 2 212 nn nn n0α−β−θ +γ = (1) ______ * Corresponding author. E-mail: mhhanh84@yahoo.com D.V. Hoang, M.H. Hanh / VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 23 (2007) 139-142 140 2 22 22 2121 121 nn nnn0α−β−θ +γ = (2) Where ii ,(i1,2)αγ = denote gain and loss coefficients, 12 21 , θ θ - field coupling coefficients, 12 21 ,γγ- photon hopping coefficients, n 1 , n 2 - photon densities of mode 1 and 2. These equations (1), (2) have been solved numerically by the Matlab language with chosen values of parameters shown in Table 1 (as seen in [12]). Table 1. 1 1 12 12 2 2 21 21 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.35 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.35 α= β= θ = γ = α= β= θ = γ = For studying the influence of laser parameters on saturated values of mode photon densities, we vary one of parameters in table 1 and remain invariable all the rest of parameters. The obtained results are shown in Section 3. 3. Influences of laser parameters on saturated photon densities 3.1.Gaincoefficients i α The curves presents in Fig.1 show the transformation of photon densities n 1 , n 2 when 12 , α α vary. We see that, Open Access Available online http://ccforum.com/content/13/5/R143 Page 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes) Vol 13 No 5 Research Effects on management and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit after implementation of a sepsis program: a pilot study Massimo Girardis 1 , Laura Rinaldi 1 , Lara Donno 1 , Marco Marietta 2 , Mauro Codeluppi 3 , Patrizia Marchegiano 4 , Claudia Venturelli 5 and the 'Sopravvivere alla Sepsi 'group of the Modena- University Hospital 1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and University Hospital of Modena; L.go del Pozzo, Modena, 41100, ITALY 2 Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Modena; L.go del Pozzo, Modena, 41100, ITALY 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Modena; L.go del Pozzo, Modena, 41100, ITALY 4 Medical Direction, University Hospital of Modena; L.go del Pozzo, Modena, 41100, ITALY 5 Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Modena; L.go del Pozzo, Modena, 41100, ITALY Corresponding author: Massimo Girardis, girardis.massimo@unimo.it Received: 27 Sep 2008 Revisions requested: 25 Oct 2008 Revisions received: 23 May 2009 Accepted: 3 Sep 2009 Published: 3 Sep 2009 Critical Care 2009, 13:R143 (doi:10.1186/cc8029) This article is online at: http://ccforum.com/content/13/5/R143 © 2009 Girardis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Introduction The application in clinical practice of evidence- based guidelines for the management of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock is still poor in the emergency department, while little data are available for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in-hospital sepsis program on the adherence to evidence-based guidelines and outcome of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to the ICU. Methods This prospective observational cohort study included 67 patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to a multidisciplinary ICU at a University Hospital from January 2005 to June 2007. Compliance to 5 resuscitation and 4 management sepsis interventions and in-hospital mortality were measured following an educational program on sepsis for physician and nurses of all hospital departments and hospital implementation of a specific protocol for recognition and management of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, including an early consultation by a skilled 'sepsis team'. Results During the study period, the compliance to all 9 interventions increased from 8% to 35% of the patients (P < 0.01). The implementation of resuscitation and management interventions was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (23% vs 68% and 27% vs 68%, P < 0.01). In the latter 2 semesters, after activation of the 'sepsis team', in-hospital mortality of ICU septic shock patients decreased by about 40% compared with the previous period (32% vs 79%, P < 0.01). Conclusions In our experience, an in-hospital sepsis program, including education of health-care personnel and process- changes, improved the adherence to guidelines and the survival rate of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to the ICU. Introduction The high incidence, costs and mortality rate of patients with sepsis in the recent years has led the critical care scientific community to develop specific strategies aimed to improve the outcome of these patients [1-4]. In 2004, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines [3] recommended a series of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions whose implementa- tion was expected to lead to a survival benefit THE GOVERNMENT - SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness No 06/2017/ND-CP Ha Noi, January 24, 2017 DECREE ON BUSINESS OF BETTING ON HORSE RACING, GREYHOUND RACING AND INTERNATIONAL SOCCER Pursuant to the Law of Government organization dated June 19, 2015; Pursuant to the Law on Enterprise dated November 26, 2014; Pursuant to the Law on investment dated November 26, 2014; Pursuant to the Law on Bidding dated November 26, 2013; Pursuant to the Law on Actions against administrative violations dated June 20, 2012; Pursuant to the Law on Advertising dated June 21, 2012; Pursuant to the Law on Commerce dated June 14, 2005; At the request of the Minister of Finance; The Government hereby promulgates the Decree on business of betting on horse racing, greyhound racing and international soccer Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article Governing scope and regulated entities Governing scope This Decree provides for the operation, management of operation, operation management and imposition of penalties for administrative violations in the business of betting on horse racing and greyhound racing and pilot international soccer betting in Vietnam Regulated entities a) Enterprises doing the business of betting on horse racing, greyhound racing and international soccer; b) Persons allowed to place bets; c) Authorities relevant to the licensing, management, supervision and inspection of the business of betting and imposition of penalties for administrative violations therein; d) Other persons and organizations relevant to the business of betting Article Interpretation of terms In this Decree, these terms can be construed as follows: “Betting” means a kind of gambling where the gamblers predict the results of sport or entertaining events to place bets Bettors who make a correct prediction shall be pay out in cash or in kind which may be converted into cash depending on the results of the event according to the betting rules The “business of betting” means the organization and provision of bets for gamblers in the principle that the gamblers buy the bet ticket and receive betting payout according to this Decree “Betting events” means horse racing, greyhound racing and international soccer matches and tournaments for which bets are taken by bet-organizing enterprises according to this Decree “International soccer” contains soccer matches and tournaments which are held outside of Vietnam or in Vietnam by international organizations “Event organization board” means a unit or a division responsible for organizing "betting events” to serve the business of betting “Payout rate” means the ratio of the total betting payout to the total wagers the bettors place that the bet-organizing enterprise collect from the bettor “Bet rate” means the ratio of the wager the bettor places to the payout the winning bettor will receive “Fixed pay-out” means a method where the values of the prizes given to the bettors are determined on the basis of the betting rate announced by the bet-organizing enterprise by each period “Pay-out NCRP REPORT No 146 APPROACHES TO RISK MANAGEMENT IN REMEDIATION OF RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED SITES N C R P National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements NCRP REPORT No 146 Approaches to Risk Management in Remediation of Radioactively Contaminated Sites Recommendations of the NATIONAL COUNCIL ON RADIATION PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS Issued October 15, 2004 Revised March 1, 2005 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400 / Bethesda, MD 20814 LEGAL NOTICE This Report was prepared by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) The Council strives to provide accurate, complete and useful information in its documents However, neither NCRP, the members of NCRP, other persons contributing to or assisting in the preparation of this Report, nor any person acting on the behalf of any of these parties: (a) makes any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information contained in this Report, or that the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report, under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 701 et seq as amended 42 U.S.C Section 2000e et seq (Title VII) or any other statutory or common law theory governing liability Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Approaches to risk management in remediation of radioactively contaminated sites p cm (NCRP report ; no 146) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-929600-82-7 Radioactive waste sites Risk assessment Risk management I National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements II Series TD898.15.A67 2004 363.72’89 dc22 2004019893 Copyright © National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 2004 All rights reserved This publication is protected by copyright No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews [For detailed information on the availability of NCRP publications see page 266.] Preface The issue of dual or multiple regulation by the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and state agencies of NRC-licensed facilities that are undergoing decommissioning has been a subject of considerable debate and controversy As a step toward developing consistent approaches to decision making by NRC and EPA on the remediation of radiologically contaminated nuclear sites, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has been requested by NRC to prepare a report that has two primary goals: (1) identify and summarize current practices used by NRC under the License Termination Rule (10 CFR Part 20) and by EPA under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; and (2) identify, examine and summarize the following aspects of current practices used by NRC and EPA: (a) their historical basis; (b) their commonalities and significant differences; and (c) their current and future implications as they relate to public perception, uncertainty, measurability, and radiation dose and risk estimates This Report addresses the above issues and summarizes both their near- and long-term implications for the decommissioning of regulated radiological facilities To meet the need of various audiences to understand the Report at different levels of detail, the text contains three independent parts: (1) a short Executive Summary that briefly summarizes the purpose of the study and the main conclusions; (2) a longer Extended Summary that provides a complete summary description of the Committee’s work, ... for selection of lessee; l) Plan for maintaining operation of the construction work and provision of corresponding aviation services; m) Roadmap for renovation, upgrade of the construction work... rights and obligations of the mortgagor and mortgagee; plan for maintenance of the operation of the construction work and provision of corresponding aviation services; roadmap for renovation, upgrade,... s) Construction, renovation, upgrade of construction works; b) Maintenance, repair of construction works, installation, maintenance, repair of equipment that suspend the operation of the construction