59 co cau to chuc sinh hoat theo giao xu

Nghien ciru T6n giao Sd'12 - 2012 37 C d CAU TO CHirC, SINH HOAT THEO GIAO XlTCllA NGl/dl CONG GIAO Dl Cl/NAM 1954 TAI NAM BO (Nghien cUu truong hop Ho Nai, Dong Nai vi Cai Sh, Can Tho) N(;UVKND(rCL6C"' T rf nhrfng ke't qua nghien ciiu ngddi Viet Nam theo Cdng gido di cd vdo Nam ndm 1954 v i hrfdng nghien ciiti t i p trung tai 'vung Cong g i i o di erf Ho Nai, £>dng Nai, chiing tdi n h i n thi'y cd mpt q u i t r i n h t i i san xui't ci'u true l i n g xa tai Ho' Nai Trf lieu chinh cho bai idd't la ke't qua cua q u i t r i n h dien da D&n too hpc cua chung toi tai hai dia ban Ho Nai d Dong Nam Bp va Cai San d T i y Nam Bd Hai dia ban deu la ngrfdi Cong g i i o gd'c B&c Bp di ctf vao Nam Bp trf nam 1954, tu erf theo giao xrf co y thrfc girf gin t i p tuc "que cha, dd't td' Trong bai vie't n i y , tdi chpn hrfdng nghien crfu so s i n h girfa hai cpng ddng cd cung Chung dac did'm xui't erf trf ddng bang Bac Bp nhrfng lai dinh erf d hai vung cd mdi trrfdng canh quan sinh thai trfdng ddi k h i c d Nam Bp Sd IrfdC ve qua t r i n h hinh t h i n h hai cong dong Cong giao di erf, Ho Nai v i Cii San T h i n g n a m 1954, Hiep dinh Geneve drfdc ki kd't Vict Nam chia th&nh Mien Nam, Bac, vdi hai chd' dp chinh tri k h i c Srf chia cat n a y dan de'n cupc di erf Idn cua ngrfdi Cong g i i o trf Mien Bac vao Mien Nam n a m 1954 Cudc di erf n i y l i srf lrfa chpn girfa niem tin va que hrfdng Theo sd c h e p t a y cua m d i ngrfdi d a n d i'p Ld Drfc, xa Hd^ Nai 3, huyen Trang Bom, Ddng Nai: Dd'n ng&y 18 t h a n g nam 1955, giai doan di erf cd the coi la ch&'m diit Tong cpng so' ddng bao di erf vao Nam Bp de'n 30/6/1955 la 810.000 ngrfdi, vdi cac phrfdng tidn di chuyen: bang tau thuy: 534.761; bang may bay: 213.657 va bang phrfdng tien rieng: 61.582 Trong co 154 ngrfdi la binh si va gia dinh binh si"' Theo kd't qua tdng ke't cua Phu Tong uy Di erf ti nan tinh dd'n t h i n g 11 nam 1955 nhrf sau: Dd'n 31 thang 12 nam 1955 d&n so' ddng bao di erf tidp tuc tang len de'n mrfc 887.861 ngrfdi Trong do, d&n so' dinh erf tai Bien Hoa la: 130.280 ngrfdi Nhrf viy, de'n cuo'i t h i n g 12 nam 1955, viec dinh erf da tam dn vdi 600.177 dong b i o ti nan so' 887.861 ngrfdi'^' Ve p h i n loai c i c trai dinh erf thi co cac trai nhrf; trai ddng bao thidn so', trai ngrf nghiep, trai tieu cong n g h e {Hda Binh, T h a n h Hda), cdn * ThS Khoa Nhan hoc Dai hoc Khao hoc xa hoi va Nhan van Tp H6 Chi Mmh Trung tam Luu trO quoc gia 11 U6 so so 4042 H6 so ve hoat d6ng ciia Hiu Tdng iiy Di cir ti nan nam 19.55 Trong s6 887.861 ngudi (nghia la irir 125.393 binh si va gia dinh Bo Quoc phong (Phap) dam nhiSm 762.408 ngirdi Phii Tdng uy phu trach thi hon 80% da dirac dinh cir cac trai chinh ihiJc gfin 20% la d6ng bao da tir dong djnh cir va 734 ngucfi tam tru c^c trai tie'p cur 38 c i c trai k h i c p h i n nhieu l i trai ndng nghiep trrf mdt sd' it trai hdn hdp Nhrf viy trf girf^ nam 1954 de'n 1956, tron mpt tridu ngrfdi da di erf trf Bio v i o Nam, dd cd k h o a n g 800.OO0 ngrfdi Cong giao, k h o i n g 2/3 so ngrfdi Cdng g i i o d Mien Bac Trong do, giai doan diu, mdt bp p h i n g i i o d&n k h i Idn dd'n orf tru tai Hd Nai, nhrfng dieu kidn di't dai c h i t hep ddng thdi dieu kien ti,f nliidn khdng thich hdp vdi nghe ndng ciia c i c nhdm erf d i n Bic Bp nen dd'n n i m 1956, mpt Irfdng Idn giao d i n trf vung Hd' Nai, Bien Hda va mdt v i i ndi tai Sii Gdn di chuydn ve vung Dinh dien Cii Sin, Gia Kiem dd dinh erf Theo md ta cua mdt so s i c h b i o drfdng thdi va qua ldi ke cua nhiing ngrfdi d&n dia phrfdng trrfdc n&m 1954, vung di't Ho Nai ri't hoang vang, c i y cd'i um tiim, h i u ndng brfc ndn nhieu ngrfdi di erf trf Bac v i o d i y k h o n g quen h i u da sinh bdnh tit, o^m dau, nhi't la tre Nhieu ngrfdi nhd que hrfdng cdng ddng, nhd cudc sd'ng binh ma dm khdc t h i m v i can r a n g chiu drfng Do'i vdi vimg Cii San, theo c i c vi cao nien thi cdn bao gdm ca vung Sdc Trang ng& bay Phung Hipp Sau nam 1954, mdt bd phan kha ddng nhiing ngrfdi Cdng giao Mien Bao di erf vao Nam Luc dau hp dinh erf d Sai Gdn, Ho' Nai (Dong Nai) De'n nam 1956, Ngd Dinh Didm to chrfc cho nhiing ngrfdi n d n g d&n vd'n quen vdi cupc song rupng dong, thich lam rupng thi di Mien Tay Ngrfdi ta l&'y kenh T i n Hiep lam md'c de dat ten tidp theo cho c i c kenh: kenh T&n Hipp dd'n kdnh A, B, C, D Moi hd drfdc nh&n k h o a n g 3ha d&'t dc d va trpt Rupng drfdc ci'p sau n h i , day chinh l i tap quan "lien canh lien erf" Khi di hp cung khdng quen mang theo hanh trang van bda truyen thd'ng Trfdng trf, tac gia Tran HrfU Hdp Nghifin cu:u T6n jiao^5(;5'^2 - 2012 cd nh&c dd'n t r o n g lu&n van cao hoc nghidn cufu cpng ddng erf d&n Cii San cho r i n g : thdi ki trrfdc l i p dinh dien n i m 1956, d i n erf cdn thrfa thdt, song t h i n h tiing xdm dpc theo lidn tinh Id v i hai bdn bd kenh Rach Soi, H i u Giang Di't t r o n g vrfng da ad' da drfdc nong d&n khai p h i h o i c dia chu chid'm hihi, p h i t canh thu td Nhrfng he thong thuy Idi chrfa h o i n chinh v i anh hrfdng ciia chid'n t r a n h ndn nhidu khu di't hi bd hoang Do d&'t rdng, ngrfdi thrfa, ddng trung, ndn ba sa liia mua noi Mdt vii chd nhd da h i n h t h i n h dpc theo true Id Cii S i n Nhin chung Ho' Nai v i Cii San trrfdc ngrfdi Cong giao di erf trf Mien B&c de'n, mdt p h i n dien tich hi bd hoang, dan erf thrfa thdt Mac du d i y la viing dat giau ticm nang, nhrfng ciing nhieu kho k h i n , trd ngai cho cdng cudc dinh erf va sinh sd^ng ciia ngrfdi Ngrfdi Cdng g i i o dinh erf d dinh dien Cii S&n, Hd'Nai CO chung mpt xu&'t p h i t diem la giao d&n tif nliieu xrf dao cua cac dia p h i n Mien B&c: Bui Chu, Ph&t Diem, Hai Phdng, Hi Ndi, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa Hp di erf vio Nam theo srf hrfdng dan cua c i c linh miie Moi linh muc phu t r i c h mdt nhdm gia dinh t r o n g nhdm chia nhieu td gia dinh thrfdng la c6 xui't t h i n trf ciing mpt xrf dao d Mien Bic Khi dd'n -vung di't mdi linh muc bd'c th&m chpn vi tri cho nhdm To trrfdng boo tham chpn vi tri oho to Moi gia dinh bd'c t h a m chon mpt Id d&'t (rieng d Cii San dieu kien d&'t dai r p n g nen mdi hd drfdc cap mdt Id d&t cd dien tich 3ha) Nhdm trd xrf dao, td trd t h a n h k h u dao Linh muc hrfdng d i n di erf trd t h i n h linh muc chinh xxi, coi sdc xrf dao Cd oiCu t^ chrfc sinh boat theo giio xrf Nguyen Dire L6c drcd'u td chifc, sinh hoat d khia canh cd ci'u td chrfc giao xrf theo Giao hdi Cdng giao Viet Nam, g i i o xrf drfdc xem la ddn vi cd sd thi'p nhi't co trf c&ch p h a p nh&n cua td chifc Giao hdi Cong gi&o No cd vai trd ri't quan trpng: l i ndi triic tie'p cai quan giao d&n, ndi thrfc hien c i c chu trrfdng oua Giio hdi Giao hpi Cdng g i i o dinh nghia: "Giao xrf l i mpt cdng d o i n , tin hrfu drfdc thie't l i p ddn vi gi&o hdi cd sd t r o n g mot dia drf nhi't dinh, cd tinh ben vrfng cd cau to chrfc giao hpi", 'Ti't ca g i i o xrf va c i c ddn •vi trfdng drfdng vdi giao xrf deu cd trf each p h i p n h i n theo g i i o luit"' Theo quy che' "Hdi dong giao xrf' ciia Tda Giam muc Long Xuyen, xu&'t ban nam 1971, ldi md d i u cd ghi: "Dia p h i n Long Xuydn gom nhieu g i i o hat, mdi giao hat gdm nhieu giao xrf, mdi giao xrf gdm nhieu hp, moi hp co the chia lam nhieu khu Hp co linh muc d thrfdng 39 xuyen gpi la hp chanh, cac hp khac gpi l i hp n h i n h dat drfdi quyen lanh dao cua cung mdt linh muc chinh xrf nhrf mpt dai gia dinh • Vdi each thrfc td chrfc nhrf viy, vung Cai S i n da tao drfng cic giao xrf g i n vdi md hinh cac giao xrf d Mien B&c trrfdc nam 1954 hdn vung Hd' Nai Nghia la drfdi ci'p giao xrf, cd cac giao ho v i moi giao hp deu c6 cic thie't che'nhrf nha thd n h i xrf ridng v i thong thrfdng cd mpt linh mue xrf phu trach ho nh&nh Khi so' Irfdng giao d&n dong len thi hp nhanh c6 the hinh giao xrf ridng dpc lap vdi hp nh& xrf Trong dd tai khu vrfc Ho' Nai, mat dp dan so' ddng, dat dai han hep, moi giao xrf drfdc chia t h i n h nhieu giao khu, chrf khong CO cac hp n h a n h nhrf d khu vrfc Cai S&n So dd 1: C o caiu td chiic theo giao xrf cua ngudi Cong giao di cu Viing Cai San Viing Hd Nai Giao Phan Giao Phan Giao hat Giao hai Giao xii Giao XU' ^—iHo Nhanh / \ Xom Xom Ho nha xiir Ho Nhanh 1-^ Xom X6m Xom Giau khu Giao khu Giao khu Xom Li giai cho vi'n de cd lc xuat phat trf khong gian dinh erf cua hai cdng ddng Neil nhrf giai doan d i u vao nam 1954, h a n g doan giao d&n dd ve Hd' Nai vdi so' Irfdng k h i ddng, ngrfdi g i i o d i n dS thid't l i p cac giao xrf theo md hinh l i n g x a truyen thdng, erf trii theo hinh •'d'c dao", c i c hp d i n erf tru khep kin xung quanh n h i thd thi de'n n&m 1956 chinh quyen Viet Nam Cdng hda (VNCH) bd' tri mpt Irfdng Idn g i i o d i n trf Bidn Hda, Sai Gdn ve dinh erf tai khu vrfc Quy che' H6i d6ng giao xii cua Toa Giam muc Long Xuyen xuat ban nam 1971 Nghien cu*u T6n giao Sd 12-2012 40 Dinh didn Cii S&n rpng Idn, d i n ohrfng drfdc bd' tri erf tru p h i n t i n dpc theo cio kdnh, rach Chinh didu kipn di't dai r p n g Idn, erf tru p h i n t i n , cdng vdi ohinh s i c h cua Giio p h i n Long Xuydn t h i n h l i p v i o nhrfng n i m 60 cua the' kl trrfdc d i chii trrfdng t h i n h lap oic g i i o xrf, c i c giao hp n h i n h vdi d i y du thid't ohd' nhrf n h i thd, n h i xrf trfdng dd'i h o i n chinh Chinh each thrfc n i y tao didu kidn hinh c i c g i i o xrf mdi oho c i c giai doan tie'p sau Didu trfdng ti^ nhrf c i c g i i o xrf gd'c Mien B&c mdt giao xrf nam tren dia b i n dia li rdng, vdi nhidu hp n h i n h v i sd' g i i o d i n tang, du didu kidn l i p mdt g i i o xrf thi t i c h th&nh gi&o xrf ridng Tuy nhidn, dieu ki^n erf t r u d i n dd'n SIX k h i c bipt vd each thrfc td chrfc cdng d d n g nhrf trdn d& ndi, cho ndn cd ci'u td chrfc Hdi d d n g g i i o xrf d khu •vrfc Hd' Nai vdi k h u vrfc Cii S&n hidn cd si^ k h i c blot trfdng dd'i Cti ci'u Hdi ddng g i i o xrf d k h u vi^c Hd' Nai thrfdng bao gdm mdt C h i n h trrfdng (chu tich) phu traoh cdng vide chung, mdt Phd npi phu t r i c h c i c cdng vide p h u n g vu, quan li thid't hi cua n h i thd; mdt Phd ngoai phu t r i c h c&c cdng vide n g o a i g i a o vdi cac g i i o xrf k h i c hoac vdi chlnh quyen dia phrfdng cd yeu c i u v i mpt thrf ki v i mdt t h u quy, cd nhiing ndi thrf ki, kidm t h u quy S o d d 2: ( O cau id chuc Hdi ddng giao xrf phd l)icn tai cac giao xijr viing Ho Nai Linh muc xur Linh muc (neu c6) Ban thudng vu dong gj^o xi I Iban hanh giao) Thuki Chii tich HDMV chanh trutniR Pho noi • T r i i m khu •'• Pho ngoui ' T r i i m khu Trong k h i dd, cd ci'u to chrfc Hpi ddng muc c i c giao xrf thupc khu vrfc Cai San lai drfdc to chrfc theo md hinh p h i n quyen Hp n h i xrf cd mpt chu tich, mdt phd chu tich Hpi ddng Muc vu, c i c hp n h i n h deu cd thdm mpt phd chu tich, phu t r i c h chung cdng viec cua g i i o hp Tuy nhien, qua tim hieu, chimg toi thi'y ciing cd mpt v i i trrfdng hdp d Cii Sin, dac biet l i c i c giao xrf mdi t h i n h l i p sau n i y , tren cd sd t i c h r a trf ho chinh T r i i m khu thi cd cd ci'u td chrfc trfdng ddi gid'ng vdi c i c gi&o xrf tai k h u vrfc Hd' Nai Nglua la c i c g i i o hp (hp n h i n h ) khdfig cdn nrfa m i thay vao dd l i c i c g i i o khu, cd ci'u Hdi ddng muc 'vu t i p trung, khdng phin quyen cac g i i o khu Nhrf v&y, cd the th&'y xu hrfdng p h i t trien c i c gi&o xrf d khu •vrfc Cii S i n theo hrfdng cd ci'u to chrfc nh&n srf Hdi d d n g muc •vu se gid'ng khu 'viiG Hd' Nai, cung nhrf c i c •viing dd thi l i n c i n Nguyen DilcLOc Co cdu to cintc .sink hoat 41 So 1: Co caiu to chifc Hoi d6nj> Muc vu hicn tai cac giao xii vung Cai San Linh muc Ho nhdiih Ban ihifdng vu dOng giao xiJ j (ban hanh giao) Pho chu licli Linh muc xii nha xir Chu tich HDMV chanh It irong Pho chii lich - -^ Trnin xom (5x6m) l.inh muc [lo nhanh Ph6 chii lich —"I IVtim xom (4x0111) Ve chrfc n i n g va nhiem vu cua cac •vien t r o n g Ban h a n h giao d ca hai khu •vrfc Ho' Nai va Cai San trfdng dd'i gid'ng Moi t h i n h vien dam nhan mpt cong vide k h i c nhau, mang tinh chi't dac trrfng n h i t chanh trrfdng dam n h i n cong •vide chung, ndi phu trach phung -vu t h i n h le, cac gid kinh n h i thd, ngoai r a cdn quan li them he thd'ng i m thanh, anh sang cua nha thd; ngoai chiu trach nhiem ngoai giao vdi cac giao xrf khac, ton giao ban va chinh quyen; hai chrfc vu cdn lai la thrf ki (nhiing cdng vice lien quan de'n so sich) va thu quy Tuy vao dac trrfng eua giao xrf ma mdi vidn Ban hanh giao drfdc ph&n cong thdm mpt so' cdng viec d i e trach, chang h a n nhu^ d gi&o xrf Ngpc Thach, Cai San co nha may san xui't nrfdc sach ddng chai, non ong phd ngoai drfdc giao them mdt cong viec l i chiu t r i c h nhiem coi soc nha may san xu&'t nrfdc mdi viing co mdt each gpi khac nhau, mac du tren -giay td" thi •chinh trrfdng" drfdc goi la "chu tich" nhrfng t r o n g giao tie'p h a n g ngrfdi ta van quen goi la "chanh trrfdng", "dng triim" Trum xom (.5\6in) Co the thay, qua trinh dinh erf tai vung di't mdi, ngrfdi ta da phai chpn lrfa nhiing yc'u to' cd^t loi nh&'t de gin girf, yen to' nao khong phu hdp thi loai bd hoac hoa vao cac ye'u to' Cong giao de tdn tai Cd can to chrfc Hpi ddng giao xrf c6 srf mo phdng theo cd c&'u lang xa truyen thdng C"aa ngrfdi Viet la Hpi dong ki muc Cling vdi cac nhom, phe, hpi drfdc drfde van h a n h cac nhom hpi doan Cong giao nhrf: cac gidi, hpi doan Mo hinh boat dpng cac giao xrf drfdc v i n hanh thoo mo hinh trf quan cpng ddng bao gdm: Ban thrfdng vu giao xrf hay gpi la Ban h i n h giao Ban dieu hanh cac giao khu Ban tri srf cac gidi Hpi ddng g i i o xrf drfdc giao dan g i i o xrf bau d&n chii bang phieu kin vdi nhiem ki bo'n nam mpt lan Thdng thrfdng, de drfdc bau vao Ban hanh giao, ngrfdi dd phai co drfc dp, uy tin, cd nhieu dong gdp vdi giao xrf, phai la dan cpng ddng cii (chinh cif) va trfdng dd'i Idn tudi Nhiing ngrfdi drfdc ban vao hpi ddng giao xrf drfdc xem la nhrfng ngrfdi cd danh g i i cpng ddng nen mpt sd ndi t r o n g khu vrfc Ho' Nai, Cai San de'n ddt bau erf ciing co nhiing ddt van Nghien ciJu T6n giao Sd 12 - 2012 42 ddng b i u cur nhi't dinh a i i n h vi viy, mdi l i n didn c i c ddt b i u orf hoi ddng g i i o xif, drf l u i n t r o n g giao d i n r i t Avtcfc quan t&m D&c diem n i y k h d n g k h i o vdi c i c cpng ddng truyen thdng Bic Bd bao nhieu "Did'u quan trpng Id ngifdi ndng d&n rd't thich trd chdb vido; bp co thi'dat dddc bhng sd ohd'p nhdn cua cdc vf ki muc hay ddn c&, nghia li bdng thu doan; vA hp chi dat dddc Ida tiidh*\ Sa dd 4: ( O can )d chrfc lianh chlnh, lir Iri I6ng xfl Iruy^n thdng va sw dd to chiirc cac xu dao Cdng giao di erf So td chirc niiio xrf Moi ddng giau \ u Hun hiinh [.Inli mu(.("lie III M J Hoi doiin Ciic giAj ' klr Thufc te' tinh s i n g tao t r o n g vide vay mrfdn nhiing thie't che' l i n g xa cd truyen vao md hinh to chrfc g i i o xrf xui't p h i t trf cac nha truyen g i i o phrfdng T i y vdi chid'n Irfdc thich n g h i vdi phong tuc t i p quan ngrfdi Viet thie't lap cac thie't chd' cdng ddng t r o n g hp dao, g i i o xrf Hidn nay, to chrfc trf quan nhiing ngrfdi g i i o d i n tai c i c xrf dao hau he't deu drfdc gpi l i Hdi ddng giao x& hay Hpi ddng Muc vu, anh hrfdng cua dieu 536 t r o n g Bp Giio l u i t nam 1983 Tuy nhidn, hdi ddng d i cd ri't nhieu ten gpi k h i c g i n lien vdi lich suf truyen g i i o tai Viet Nam, trfng mien: Ban Chrfc vide Ban Trum hp Ban Qudi chrfc, Hdi ddng giao xrf D i y chinh l i mdt didm d i e biet t r o n g Giao hpi Cdng g i i o d Viet Nam ~~i kho Giao khu Nhrf vay, q u i t r i n h di erf v i o Nam n&m 1954 da tao dieu kien cho nhdm cii d i n n&y t i i hidn t o i n bd ke't c&'u cpng ddng l i n g xa theo mo h i n h Bic Bd vdi nhiing dieu kidn ma k h d n g phai cudo di erf n i o ciing c6 C h i n g b a n nhi£ di orf ca ddng hp, ca cdng dong; de'n vung dlit vin cdn h o a n g sd, it ngrfdi sinh song; viec dinh erf va x i y drfng giao xrf drfdc phd mac cho c i c linh muc quan xrf ma nhrfng linh muc n i y ciing la nhiing ngrfdi gdc B&c Bd va la nhrfng ngrfdi dan dau cac cudc di erf v i o Nam Cho nen, vio vung di't mdi, nhom ngrfdi n a y khdng bi a n h hrfdng n h i e u bdi orf d i n t a i chd ma h o t d i t u l i p c p n g d d n g , l a p x i theo Pierre Gourou Ngirtri ndng ddn chdn tlio Bac K}\ Nxb Tre 2003, tr 249 Nguyen B^cLgc^ C