Career Development Interventions 5th Edition Spence G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Publisher to insert cover image here Chapter Career Counseling Strategies and Techniques for the 21st Century Developed by: Jennifer Del Corso Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Expanding the Limited View of Career Counseling • Career counseling has traditionally emphasized helping individuals find the “best occupational fit”, however there is a substantial body of evidence that suggested this limited view has “less than desirable outcomes” • A limited view of career counseling has led individuals to overemphasize testing • Counselors in the 21st century recognize that one’s life and career are not separate; and that mental health and work are interwoven Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling is Counseling • The 2016 Standards for CACREP continue to identify career development as a core area of counseling competence; thus, career counselors are professional counselors or psychologists with specialized training in the delivery of career development interventions • Career counseling can be classified within the general category of counseling because of the overlap in skills required to conduct general and career counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling and Mental Health Counseling • Niles and Anderson (1995) examined the content of more than 250 career counseling sessions and found no pattern for the presentation of career and noncareer concerns in career counseling • Important to view career counseling as a type of psychological intervention that, at times throughout the course of career counseling, may require the counselor and client to focus on non-career concerns Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Crites’ View • The need for career counseling is greater than the need for psychotherapy • Career counseling can be therapeutic should follow psychotherapy is more effective than psychotherapy is more difficult than psychotherapy Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Definition of Career Counseling (Brown and Brooks) • Career counseling is an interpersonal process designed to assist individuals with career development problems Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Designing Career Counseling Strategies for the 21st Century • Career counselors must respond to: global unemployment corporate downsizing jobless economy global competition of small companies via information highway workerless factories Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Designing Career Counseling Strategies for the 21st Century redefinition of social contract between employers and employees increase in the number of companies offering daycare and parental leave increase in the number of families with dual incomes increase in the number of people working from home Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved (cont.) Designing Career Counseling Strategies • Career counseling issues “must keep pace with our society’s movement to the postmodern era” (Savickas, 1993, p 205) • Hierarchical organizational pyramids have been flattened in corporations- therefore, career success is no longer defined by moving up the “corporate ladder” • Career patterns now resemble roller coasters rather than gradual inclines Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Providing Counseling-Based Career Assistance • Counseling-Based career assistance seeks to empower clients to articulate their experiences, clarify their self-concepts, and construct their own lives • Counselors are not seen as possessing the solution, rather they work collaboratively with the client to address their needs • Counselors must express multicultural sensitivity and be aware of how contextual factors impact clients’ careers Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Phases of the Career Counseling Process (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey) continued • Ending or Termination Phase Connect the work done in the beginning and middle phases by assessing client’s current status Relate current status to client’s goals for counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Premature Closure in Career Counseling (Brown & Brooks) • Clients believe they have achieved their goal • The career counseling experience does not meet the client’s expectations • Clients fear what might be uncovered in career counseling • Clients lack commitment to counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Questions to Ask About Termination • Did I review the content of what happened in counseling? review the process of what happened in counseling? reemphasize the client’s strengths that were evident in counseling? evaluate what went well and what went poorly? Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Questions to Ask About Termination continued • Did I explore things unsaid in counseling? discuss feelings related to the ending of the counseling relationship? provide clear and direct structure for the client’s next steps? Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups • Group counseling offers a mode of service delivery that can be used instead of, or in addition to, individual counseling • Hansen and Cramer describe group counseling as an intervention for 5-15 members, with 5-8 members viewed as optimal Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups continued • Structured career counseling groups address a specific issue that is a common concern • Structured career counseling groups typically meet for 3-7 sessions • Less structured career counseling groups focus on the intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns that clients have about career development Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups continued • Less structured career counseling groups tend to be more affectiveoriented than structured groups • Less structured groups meet over a longer period of time than structured groups Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Stages in Group Career Counseling (Pyle) • • • • Opening stage Investigation stage Working stage Decision/Operational stage Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Why Use Career Groups? (Kivlighan) • Members learn new information about themselves and others • Members receive social and emotional support from other group members • Members learn from peers who are in similar situations • Members can share resources and ideas Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Criteria for Successful Groups • Members are in open communication with each other share a common goal set norms that direct and guide their activities develop a set of roles to play within the group develop a network of interpersonal attraction work toward satisfaction of individual needs Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Professional Designations and Related Service Providers • Career service providers (such as career centers or career coaches) differ substantially in their training and areas of expertise Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Coaches • Career coaches can range from persons with professional counseling degrees and expertise in career development interventions to persons who are essentially paraprofessionals with very little professional training • Career coaches seek to help clients identify strategies for accomplishing their goals in their work lives Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counselors • Career counseling, however, often leads to a deeper exploration of one’s problems/issues which requires professional training as a counselor and/or psychologist who is held accountable to the ethical guidelines put forth by a specific body such as licensing board • Career counselors in many states must be licensed professional counselors (LPC) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Development Facilitators • Career Development Facilitator is a person who has completed the Career Development Facilitator Training Program and works in a career development setting or who incorporates career development information or skills in his or her work • CDF’s must have 120 class/instructional hours provided by a nationally trained and qualified instructor (ncda.org) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Master Career Counselors • The NCDA offers a Master Career Counselor (MCC) designation to recognize counselors and psychologists who are licensed and have received supervised career counseling training Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved ... intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns that clients have about career development Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by. .. assist individuals with career development problems Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,... sensitivity and be aware of how contextual factors impact clients’ careers Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson