tim hieu văn hóa ẩm thực các nước trên thế giới
õm thuc A' /U tinh hoa õm thuc cac' nuoc Mc lc m thc Vit Nam 1.1 c im 1.1.1 Nguyờn tc phi hp 1.1.2 c im theo vựng min, dõn tc Ba n 1.2.1 Ba n gia ỡnh Vit Nam truyn thng 1.2.2 C bn 1.2.3 vt 1.2.4 nhu Mún n thụng dng 1.3.1 Cm 1.3.2 Xụi 1.3.3 Chỏo 10 1.3.4 Ph, bỳn, mỡ, h tiu, 10 1.3.5 Lu 16 1.3.6 Cỏc mún nem, mún cun 16 1.3.7 Nm (gi) 17 1.3.8 Cỏc mún tht 18 1.3.9 Cỏc mún mui 20 1.2 1.3 1.3.10 Cỏc mún rau v canh 1.4 1.5 20 1.3.11 Cỏc mún bỏnh, mt, ko 22 ung 29 1.4.1 Cỏc loi ru dõn tc 29 1.4.2 Bia 31 1.4.3 Cỏc loi tr (chố) ng 31 1.4.4 C phờ 31 1.4.5 Cỏc loi nc lỏ, c, qu 32 1.4.6 Cỏc loi chố ngt 32 1.4.7 Cỏc loi thc ung t hoa qu, 33 1.4.8 ung khỏc 33 c phm 34 1.5.1 34 Rau, c, qu i ii MC LC 1.5.2 Gia v 34 1.5.3 Mm v nc chm 36 1.5.4 Hoa qu 37 1.6 Hỡnh thc ch bin cỏc nguyờn liu 37 1.7 Cỏc t liờn quan 37 1.7.1 Nu n 37 1.7.2 n ung 37 1.8 Vn hoỏ n chay 37 1.9 Tc ng, ca dao v m thc 37 1.9.1 V tm quan trng ca n ung 37 1.9.2 V cỏch n v thỏi n ung 37 1.9.3 V c sn cỏc vựng 38 1.9.4 Bớ quyt nu nng 38 1.10 Xem thờm 38 1.11 Chỳ thớch 38 1.12 Liờn kt ngoi 39 m thc Trung c 40 2.1 c im v m thc Trung Hoa 42 2.1.1 Lng thc 42 2.1.2 c phm 42 2.1.3 Gia v 42 c im v m thc qua tng a phng 43 2.2.1 Sn ụng 44 2.2.2 ng ụng 44 2.2.3 H Nam 44 2.2.4 T Xuyờn 44 2.2.5 Chit Giang 45 2.2.6 Phỳc Kin 45 2.2.7 An Huy 45 2.2.8 Võn Nam 45 2.2.9 m thc cỏc dõn tc Trung c 45 Phng thc nu n 48 2.3.1 ỏi 48 2.3.2 Phi 48 2.3.3 Gia nhit 48 2.4 Danh sỏch cỏc c sn c truyn ca m thc Trung c 50 2.5 ung Trung c 55 2.5.1 Ru 55 2.5.2 Cỏc loi tr 57 am kho 58 2.2 2.3 2.6 MC LC iii m nhc Nht Bn 59 3.1 m nhc truyn thng v dõn gian 59 3.2 m nhc truyn thng 59 3.2.1 n Biwa hshi, Heike biwa, ms, v goze 59 3.2.2 Taiko 61 3.2.3 Nhc dõn gian Min'y 62 3.2.4 Nhc dõn gian Okinawan 62 3.2.5 Nhc c truyn thng 64 S du nhp ca õm nhc phng Tõy 64 3.3.1 Nhc pop truyn thng 64 3.3.2 m nhc ngh thut 66 Cỏc th loi ni ting 67 3.4.1 J-Pop 67 3.4.2 Rock 68 3.4.3 Heavy metal 70 3.4.4 Hip hop 72 3.4.5 Electropop 72 3.4.6 Nhc dõn gian 3.4.7 Nhc latin, raggae v ska 73 3.4.8 Noise music (õm nhc ting n) 73 3.4.9 Nhc ch 73 3.3 3.4 3.4.10 Nhc trũ chi (Nhc game) 3.5 72 73 am kho 74 m thc í 75 4.1 Lch s 76 4.1.1 C i 76 4.1.2 Hin i 76 4.2 Nguyờn liu 79 4.3 m thc theo vựng 80 4.3.1 Abruzzo v Molise 80 4.3.2 Apulia 81 4.3.3 Basilicata 82 4.3.4 Calabria 83 4.3.5 Campania 84 4.3.6 Emilia-Romagna 85 4.3.7 Friuli-Venezia Giulia 86 4.3.8 Liguria 87 4.3.9 Lazio 87 4.3.10 Lombardia 88 4.3.11 Marche 89 4.3.12 Piemonte 89 iv MC LC 4.3.13 Sardegna 90 4.3.14 Sicilia 91 4.3.15 Umbria 92 4.3.16 Valle d'Aosta 92 4.3.17 Veneto 93 4.4 Cu trỳc ba n 95 4.5 Phõn loi quỏn n 95 4.6 ung 95 4.6.1 C phờ 95 4.6.2 ung cú cn 95 4.7 Mún ming 98 4.8 Xem thờm 99 4.9 am kho 99 m thc Phỏp 106 5.1 Lch s 106 5.2 m thc chung ton quc 107 5.3 m thc theo vựng 110 5.3.1 Paris v ẻle-de-France 110 5.3.2 Champagne, Lorraine, v Alsace 110 5.3.3 Nord Pas-de-Calais, Picardy, Normandy, v Briany 112 5.3.4 ung lng Loire v trung Phỏp 113 5.3.5 Corsica 113 5.3.6 Burgundy v Franche-Comtộ 113 5.3.7 Lyon-Rhụne-Alpes 115 5.3.8 Poitou-Charentes v Limousin 115 5.3.9 Bordeaux, Pộrigord, Gascony, v x Basque 117 5.3.10 Toulouse, ercy, and Aveyron 118 5.3.11 Provence-Alpes-Cụte d'Azur 119 5.3.12 Guyane thuc Phỏp 121 5.4 c sn theo 121 5.5 c n v nguyờn liu 121 5.6 Cu trỳc ba n 123 5.6.1 Ba sỏng 124 5.6.2 Ba tra 124 5.6.3 Ba ti 125 5.7 ung 125 5.8 m thc Giỏng Sinh 5.9 Phõn loi 125 125 5.9.1 ỏn n 125 5.9.2 Nhõn viờn nh hng 125 5.10 Xem thờm 126 MC LC v 5.11 am kho 127 m thc ỏi Lan 6.1 6.2 6.3 Phong cỏch 130 131 6.1.1 nh hng 131 6.1.2 V chớnh 131 6.1.3 Tớnh cng ng 131 m thc cỏc 132 6.2.1 Min Trung 132 6.2.2 Min Bc 133 6.2.3 Min ụng Bc 133 6.2.4 Min Nam 134 Gia v 136 6.3.1 Rau thm 136 6.3.2 Nc chm 139 6.4 Go 139 6.5 Trỏng ming 140 6.6 Trỏi cõy 6.7 Chố 140 6.8 Cỏc mún n ni ting 141 6.9 140 6.8.1 Canh chua ỏi 141 6.8.2 Da nng 141 6.8.3 Gi u ỏi 142 6.8.4 Pa pnh 142 Cỏc mún khỏc 142 6.9.1 Mún n t cụn trựng 145 6.10 Chỳ thớch 145 6.11 Xem thờm 145 6.12 am kho 145 m thc Hu 7.1 147 Yu t tỏc ng n nột c trng ca m thc Hu 147 7.1.1 Lch s hoỏ 147 7.1.2 a hỡnh v th nhng 148 7.1.3 Con ngi v truyn thng 148 7.1.4 Lng ngh 149 7.2 Nhng thc ung ca ngi Hu xa v 149 7.3 H" m thc 150 7.4 7.3.1 m thc cung ỡnh 150 7.3.2 m thc dõn gian 150 7.3.3 Mún chay 151 Ngh thut ch bin v thng thc 151 vi MC LC 7.4.1 Chn thc phm 151 7.4.2 Phi hp nguyờn liu v gia v 153 7.4.3 Ch bin 153 7.4.4 Hp lý s dng dng c 153 7.4.5 Ngh thut trang trớ 154 7.4.6 Phong cỏch dn n, mi ung 154 7.5 Mt s c sn Hu 154 7.6 ca v m thc Hu 158 7.7 Chỳ thớch 158 7.8 Xem thờm 158 7.9 am kho 158 7.10 Liờn kt ngoi 159 m thc Triu Tiờn 160 8.1 Cỏch sp t bn n ca ngi Triu Tiờn 161 8.2 Nghi thc n ung truyn thng 8.3 c n Triu Tiờn 163 162 8.3.1 Gia v c bn 163 8.3.2 Mún n nh 163 8.3.3 Nhng mún n chớnh 8.3.4 Mún n cung ỡnh 166 8.3.5 Cỏc mún canh v mún hm 167 8.3.6 Cm trn 168 8.3.7 Cỏc mún mỡ 168 8.3.8 Banchan (cỏc mún ph) 169 8.3.9 Anju (cỏc mún n kốm ung ung cú cn) 169 165 8.3.10 Mún ming 170 8.4 8.5 c n nhanh 170 8.4.1 Buchimgae/Jeon 170 8.4.2 Hoeok 171 8.4.3 Bungeoppang/Gukhwappang/Gyeranppang 171 ung Triu Tiờn 171 8.5.1 ung khụng cú cn 171 8.5.2 ung cú cn 171 8.6 Nhng i mi m thc ng i 172 8.7 t cy 8.8 Nh hng Triu Tiờn hi ngoi 8.9 Ngun tham kho 172 172 172 8.10 am kho 172 8.11 Liờn kt ngoi 173 Chng m thc Vit Nam m thc Vit Nam l cỏch gi ca phng thc ch bin mún n, nguyờn lý pha trn gia v v nhng thúi quen n ung núi chung ca mi ngi Vit trờn t nc Vit Nam Tuy hu nh cú ớt nhiu cú s khỏc bit, m thc Vit Nam bao hm ý ngha khỏi quỏt nht ch tt c nhng mún n ph bin cng ng cỏc dõn tc thiu s nhng ó tng i ph thụng cng ng ngi Vit 1.1 c im Vit Nam l mt nc nụng nghip thuc v x núng, vựng nhit i giú Ngoi lónh th Vit Nam c chia ba rừ rt l Bc, Trung, Nam Chớnh cỏc c im v a lý, húa, dõn tc, khớ hu ó quy nh nhng c im riờng ca m thc tng vựng - Mi cú mt nột, khu v c trng iu ú gúp phn lm m thc Vit Nam phong phỳ, a dng õy l mt húa n ung s dng rt nhiu loi rau (luc, xo, lm da, n sng); nhiu loi nc canh c bit l canh chua, ú s lng cỏc mún n cú dinh dng t ng vt thng ớt hn Nhng loi tht c dựng ph bin nht l tht ln, bũ, g, ngan, vt, cỏc loi tụm, cỏ, cua, c, hn, trai, sũ v.v Nhng mún n ch bin t nhng loi tht ớt thụng dng hn nh tht chú, tht dờ, tht rựa, tht rn, tht ba ba thng khụng phi l ngun tht chớnh, nhiu c coi l c sn v ch c s dng mt dp liờn hoan no ú vi ru ung kốm Ngi Vit cng cú mt s mún n chay theo o Pht c ch bin t cỏc loi thc vt, khụng cú ngun thc phm t ng vt Tuy nhiờn, cng ng thỡ li cú rt ớt ngi n chay trng, ch cú cỏc s thy cỏc chựa hoc ngi b bnh nng buc phi n kiờng Mt c im ớt nhiu cng phõn bit m thc Vit Nam vi mt s nc khỏc: m thc Vit Nam chỳ trng n ngon ụi khụng t mc tiờu hng u l n b Bi vy h thng m thc ngi Vit ớt cú nhng mún ht sc cu k, hm nh ninh k nh m thc Trung Hoa, cng khụng thiờn v by bin cú tớnh thm m cao nh m thc Nht Bn, m thiờn v phi trn gia v mt cỏch tinh t mún n c ngon, hoc s dng nhng nguyờn liu dai, giũn thng thc rt thỳ v dự khụng thc s b bộo (vớ d nh cỏc mún mng, chõn cỏnh g, ph tng ng vt) Trong thc t nhiu ngi nhn thy, mt cỏch cm tớnh, c trng m thc Vit Nam toỏt l s i sỏnh vi cỏc nn húa m thc khỏc trờn th gii: mún n Trung Hoa n b dng, mún n Vit n ngon ming, mún n Nht nhỡn thớch mt Tuy nhiờn, c im ny ngy cng phai nhũa thi hi nhp eo ý kin ca tin s s hc Hón Nguyờn Nguyn Nhó, cho rng m thc Vit Nam cú c trng Tớnh ho ng hay a dng Tớnh ớt m Tớnh m hng v Tớnh tng ho nhiu cht, nhiu v Tớnh ngon v lnh Tớnh dựng a Tớnh cng ng hay tớnh th CHNG M THC VIT NAM Tớnh hiu khỏch Tớnh dn thnh mõm 1.1.1 Nguyờn tc phi hp m thc Vit Nam c trng vi s trung dung cỏch pha trn nguyờn liu khụng quỏ cay, quỏ ngt hay quỏ bộo Cỏc nguyờn liu ph (gia v) ch bin mún n Vit Nam vụ cựng phong phỳ, bao gm: Nhiu loi rau thm nh hỳng thm, tớa tụ, kinh gii, hnh, thỡa l, mựi tu Gia v thc vt nh t, ht tiờu, s, h, ti, gng, chanh qu hoc lỏ non Gia v lờn men nh m, mm tụm, bng ru, dm hoc ko ng, nc ct da Khi thng thc cỏc mún n, tớnh cht phi trn nguyờn liu mt cỏch tng hp núi trờn cng tr nờn rừ nột hn: ngi Vit ớt n mún no riờng bit, thng thc tng mún, m mt ba n thng l s tng hũa cỏc mún n t u n cui ba Mt nột c bit khỏc ca m thc Vit Nam m cỏc nc khỏc, nht l nc phng Tõy khụng cú chớnh l gia v nc mm Nc mm c s dng thng xuyờn hu ht cỏc mún n ca ngi Vit Ngoi cũn cú cỏc loi nc chm nh tng bn, xỡ du (lm t u nnh) Bỏt nc mm dựng chung trờn mõm cm, t xa n lm khu v m hn, mún n cú hng v c trng hn v biu th tớnh cng ng gn bú ca ngi Vit m thc Vit Nam tuõn theo hai nguyờn lý l m dng phi trin v Ng hnh tng sinh m dng phi trin Cỏc gia v c trng ca cỏc dõn tc ụng Nam nhit i núi trờn c s dng mt cỏch tng sinh hi hũa vi nhau, nh mún n d gõy lnh bng (tớnh hn) buc phi cú gia v cay núng (tớnh nhit) i kốm v ngc li Cỏc nguyờn liu tớnh núng (m) phi c nu cựng nguyờn liu tớnh lnh (mỏt) to s cõn bng cho mún n Cỏc mún n k khụng th kt hp mt mún hay khụng c n cựng lỳc vỡ khụng ngon, hoc cú kh nng gõy hi cho sc khe cng c dõn gian ỳc kt thnh nhiu kinh nghim lu truyn qua nhiu th h Vớ d: t vt tớnh lnh, thớch hp n vo hố vi nc mm gng, tớnh núng Mt khỏc, tht g v tht ln tớnh "mthớch hp n vo ụng (trc õy thng ch n Tt mi lm tht ln, tht g) y sn cỏc loi t mỏtn lnhrt thớch hp s dng vi gng, s, ti ("m) c n cay (núng) thng c cõn bng vi v chua, c coi l (mỏt) Trng vt ln (lnh), phi kt hp vi rau rm (núng) Bnh nhõn cỳm v cm lnh phi ung nc gng, xụng bng lỏ s, lỏ bi (núng) Ng hnh tng sinh 1.1.2 c im theo vựng min, dõn tc Tuy cú nhng nột chung núi trờn, m thc Vit Nam cú c im khỏc theo tng vựng, mc dự tng vựng ny m thc ca cỏc tiu vựng cng th hin nột c trng: 1.1 C IM Cỏc nguyờn liu chun b trn nhõn nem rỏn- mún n kt hp gn nh hon ho cỏc yu t õm dng v ng hnh m thc Bc m thc Bc c trng vi khu v mn m, m , thng khụng m cỏc v cay, bộo, ngt bng cỏc vựng khỏc, ch yu s dng nc mm loóng, mm tụm S dng nhiu mún rau v cỏc loi thy sn nc ngt d kim nh tụm, cua, cỏ, trai, hn v nhỡn chung, truyn thng xa xa cú nn nụng nghip nghốo nn, m thc Bc trc ớt thnh hnh cỏc mún n vi nguyờn liu chớnh l tht, cỏ Nhiu ngi ỏnh giỏ cao m thc H Ni mt thi, cho rng nú i din tiờu biu nht ca tinh hoa m thc Bc Vit Nam vi nhng mún ph, bỳn thang, bỳn ch, cỏc mún qu nh cm Vũng, bỏnh cun anh Trỡ v gia v c sc nh tinh du c cung, rau hỳng Lỏng m thc Nam m thc Nam, cú thiờn hng ho v chua ngt, õy l ni chu nh hng nhiu ca m thc Trung c, Campuchia, ỏi Lan, cú c im l thng cho thờm ng v hay s dng sa da (nc ct v nc dóo ca da) Nn m thc ny cng sn sinh vụ s loi mm khụ (nh mm cỏ sc, mm bũ húc, mm ba khớa) m thc Nam cng dựng nhiu hi sn nc mn v nc l hn Bc (cỏc loi cỏ, tụm, cua, c bin), v rt c bit vi nhng mún n dõn dó, c thự ca mt thi i m cừi, hin nhiu ó tr thnh c sn: chut ng khỡa nc da, di qu hp chao, rn h t nu chỏo u xanh, uụng da, uụng t hoc uụng ch l, vp chong, cỏ lúc nng trui m thc Trung n Trung c bit n vi v cay nng, vi tt c tớnh cht c sc ca nú th hin qua hng v riờng bit, nhiu mún n cay v mn hn n Bc v Nam, mu sc c phi trn phong phỳ, rc r, thiờn v mu v nõu sm Cỏc tnh thnh Trung nh Hu, Nng, Bỡnh nh rt ni ting vi mm tụm chua v cỏc loi mm ruc c bit, m thc Hu nh hng t phong cỏch m thc hong gia, cho nờn rt cu k ch bin v trỡnh by Mt mt khỏc, a phng khụng cú nhiu sn vt m m thc hong 168 CHNG M THC TRIU TIấN Sinseollo Mae-un tang ( ): canh cỏ cay v núng Samgyetang ( ): mún canh lm t g mỏi n nhõn sõm, a hedysarum, cm ngt, tỏo ta, ti, ht d Mún ny thng n vo hố Seolleongtang ( ): canh xng chõn bũ un liờn tc 10 gi cho n nc canh cú mu trng sa ng bỏt vi m trng v cỏc ming tht bũ Hnh xanh v tiờu en dựng lm gia v Sundubu jjigae ( ): mún hm cay v c Lm t u ph mm Ngi n thng p qu trng sng cho vo mún hm ang sụi 8.3.6 Cm trn Bibimbap ( , cm trn): l mún cm c ph rau, tht bũ, trng, v tng t Mt dng khỏc ) Yukhoe ( ) cng l mt mún thụng dng, gm tht bũ ca mún ny l dolsot bibimbap ( sng, trng sng, mt ớt st u nnh trn vi lờ v gochujang Mi th (gia v, cm, rau) c trn tụ ln v n bng thỡa Hoedeopbap ( 8.3.7 ): cỏ sng xt ht lu, trn vi rau sng, cm v gochujang Cỏc mún mỡ Naengmyeon ( , (Bc Triu Tiờn gi l: , Raengmyn), mỡ lnh): dựng hố, lm t mỡ si mng lm t bt kiu mch, dựng bỏt ln vi nc sỳp lnh cú mựi nng, rau sng, trỏi cõy, v thng cú trng luc hoc bũ nu ụng Mún ny cũn gi l Mul (nc) Naengmyeon, phõn bit vi Bibim Naengmyeon m khụng cú nc sỳp m trn vi gochujang 8.3 THC N TRIU TIấN 169 Mul Naengmyeon vi Mandu Japchae ( ): Mún dangmyeon luc hoc min, rau bina hp, tht bũ nng xt dc, hnh nc xt dc, c rt nng xng dc trn vi gia v gm u nnh, du mố v ng bỏn tinh ch Kalguksu ( ming 8.3.8 ): mún mỡ nc, lm t si mỡ xt phng, nc sỳp tht cỏ trng v ao nh qu xt Banchan (cỏc mún ph) Kimchi: Ngi Triu Tiờn thng lm kimchi n c ụng, nhng cỏc loi kimchi úng hp v t lnh ó lm cho phong tc ny ớt cũn thụng dng Kongnamul ( ): lm t giỏ u tng, mt loi banchan c tm gia v v nu chớn trc n Giỏ u tng cng l thnh phn chớnh cỏc mún: kongnamul-bap (cm giỏ u tng), kongnamul-guk (canh giỏ u tng), v kongnamul-gukbap (cm trn canh giỏ u tng) 8.3.9 Anju (cỏc mún n kốm ung ung cú cn) Anju l t chung ch mún n ph c n kốm ung ung cú cn (thng ung vi ru soju), thng phc v ti quỏn bar, quỏn karaoke, v cỏc nh hng cú phc v thc ung cha cn Mt s mún cũn cú th dựng khai v hoc n ba chớnh Cỏc mún ny thng khỏc vi banchan dựng ba n thụng thng Vớ d nh: mc khụ vi gochujang, trỏi cõy cỏc loi, dubu kimchi (u phng vi kimchi), u phng, sora ( (mt loi sũ hn rt ph bin cỏc quỏn n ven ng), v nakji (bch tut nh) Ngoi cng cú nhng loi anju khỏc nh soondae (ging mún samgyeopsal hoc dwejigalbi) Hu ht cỏc mún n Hn c u cú th dựng nh anju, tựy theo tớnh sn cú v s thớch ngi n 170 CHNG M THC TRIU TIấN Japchae 8.3.10 Mún ming Tteok ( ): mt loi bỏnh cú th lm t: go thng gió nh ( , meeok), go np gió nh ( , chaleok), go np nguyờn ht, hoc khụng gió nh ( , yaksik) Sau ú c kt hp vi nhng nguyờn liu khỏc Mún ny cú v ngt, dựng lm mún ming, hoc n nhanh Cú mún ny c nu vi tht bũ xt mng, hnh, nm, v.vv dựng lm mún n nh Songpyeon ( ): mt loi bỏnh eok ph bin dp Trung u, c trang trớ vi lỏ thụng Mt ong, cht lm ngt khỏc, hoc u tõy cng cú nhõn bỏnh Yakshik mún ming lm t cm ngt, u phng, qu hch, tỏo ta v ng Chapssaleok: mt loi bỏnh eok cú v ngt, lm t bt u Ging nh Mochi ca Nht 8.4 Thc n nhanh c n nhanh úng mt vai trũ quan trng húa Triu Tiờn Triu Tiờn, n nhanh cú th mua t cỏc tim ven ng, giỏ r, phc v c thc ung v ru cỏc quỏn ven ng, ngi mua cú th ng cnh quỏn n hoc gúi mang v nh Hu ht ngi Hn c xem n bỏn õy nh l mún n nhanh v khụng luụn n nh ba chớnh Tựy theo cng cú nhng c sn: bingsu vo hố, cũn cỏc mún nh: canh núng, eokbokki, hoeok, v bungeoppang ph bin vo thu v ụng 8.4.1 Buchimgae/Jeon Kimchi lờn men hoc hi sn c trn vi bt mỡ, v rỏn trờn cho du Mún ny n ngon nht chm vi nc tng (xỡ du), gim, v t bt cũn núng 8.5 UNG TRIU TIấN 8.4.2 171 Hotteok õy l loi bỏnh tng t bỏnh kp ng bỏt nu chy, mt ong, u phng gió nh, v qu l nhng thnh phn quan trng Cng cú rau xanh c thờm vo 8.4.3 Bungeoppang/Gukhwappang/Gyeranppang Bungeoppang l mt loi bỏnh nng truyn thng hỡnh cỏ trỏp bin,cú xut x t bỏnh taiyaki ca Nht Bn Nhõn ca bỏnh ny thng l u , ụi cú th l kem trng custard, sụ-cụ-la lp ngoi v giũn, ging nh taiyaki ca Nht Bn Gukwappang cú cỏch lm gn nh bungeoppang, nhng cú hỡnh bụng hoa Gyeranppang cú v tng t bungeo-ppang, nhng cú hỡnh sũ 8.5 ung Triu Tiờn 8.5.1 ung khụng cú cn Cỏc loi tr ca Triu Tiờn: Insam cha ( ): tr nhõn sõm Saenggang cha( ): tr r gng Yujacha ( ): tr pha ch t cõy yờn (tr yờn) Bori cha ( ): tr lỳa mch rang Oksusu cha ( ): tr bp rang Sungnyung ( ): tr go rang Cỏc loi thc ung dõn gian khỏc: Sujeonggwa ( Sikhye ( 8.5.2 ): thc ung lm t qu hng vng phi khụ ): thc ung cú v ngt lm t lỳa go ung cú cn Ru soju: l loi ru ni ting nht ca Triu Tiờn Ru Majuang: l loi ru vang thụng dng nht ca Triu Tiờn Loi ru ny lm t nho Hn c vi ru Phỏp hoc ru M Hin cú trờn 100 loi ru vang v ru khỏc Triu Tiờn Bia: Bia bỏn chy ti Triu Tiờn l cỏc loi bia nh nh ca c, tng t nh cỏc loi bia chõu u v chõu Cỏc nhón hiu ph bin bao gm: Cass, Hite (cỏc dũng sn phm: Hite, Hite Prime, Hite Prime Max), Cafri, Oriental Brewery (bia nh v bia khụ cú thnh phn l go), Taedonggang (mt nhón hiu bia ca Bc Triu Tiờn, c bỏn dng chai ti mt s tim bia Nam Triu Tiờn) Cng cú mt s loi bia c sn xut vi s lng hn ch, nh: Praha ( tnh Gangnam) Platinum ( tnh Agpujeong v Gangnam) Jung-ang Micro Brewery ( Ansan) German Brauhaus ( Ansan) ree Dragons ( Sinchon) 172 CHNG M THC TRIU TIấN Rosenbrọu ( Ilsan) Yakju l mt loi ru tinh ch, lờn men t lỳa go, ni ting nht vi tờn gi cheongju Takju l mt loi ru c cha qua tinh ch, lm t ht go, ni ting nht vi tờn gi makkoli ( ), mt loi ru vang lm t go, cú mu trng sa, m nụng dõn thng ung Ru vang Triu Tiờn c chia thnh ru trỏi cõy v ru tho dc Ru cõy xiờm gai (Acacia), ru mn, ru mc qua Trung c, ru anh o, ru trỏi thụng, ru trỏi lu l thụng dng nht Ru nhõn sõm(insamju), l loi ru thng c pha loóng v bỏn sang phng Tõy nh mt loi ung tng lc, tng t Red Bull Juansang (Bn ru): Mt bn ru theo kiu juansang bao gm ru v cỏc mún n ph Cỏc mún n thay i tựy theo loi ru Gyojasang: Bn ru ln thng xut hin cỏc bui d tic Bao gm ung cú cn v nhiu loi mún n ph, bỏnh go, ko mt v cỏc bỏt nc qu Sau ru ó ung xong, thc khỏch c phc v mún mỡ nc 8.6 Nhng i mi m thc ng i m thc hn hp nhanh chúng tr nờn ph bin ti Triu Tiờn Hin cú nhiu nh hng Nht Bn, Bc í, Phỏp, v n khp Nam Triu Tiờn Cỏc tim chay, trc õy b suy gim s suy gim ca o Pht trc s phỏt trin ca C c giỏo, hin ó cú du hiu hi sinh, v luụn c tỡm thy mi thnh ph 8.7 Tht cy Triu Tiờn, vic n tht cy bt ngun t nim tin vo tỏc dng y hc ca tht cy, c bit l tng kh nng chu ng Bosintang (mún tht cy hm cú v cay) c cỏc quỏn va hố tỡm ra, mún ny c bit dnh cho hố, cú ti nhiu nh hng Khụng phi ngi ta n mi loi Ch cú loi Nurong ( ), mt ging lai, c gõy ging v bỏn giỏ cao lm tht cy 8.8 Nh hng Triu Tiờn hi ngoi Nh hng Triu Tiờn luụn xut hin nhng khu vc trung ụng dõn c Triu Tiờn, in hỡnh l ti cỏc Koreatowns hi ngoi Cỏc nh hng Triu Tiờn Okryukwan c qun lý bi chớnh ph Bc Triu Tiờn ó c m Nht Bn 8.9 Ngun tham kho Cost, Bruce (2000) Asian ingredients: a guide to the foodstus of China, Japan, Korea, ailand, and Vietnam New York: Harper Perrenial ISBN 0-06-093204-X O'Brien, Betsy (1997) Let's Eat Korean Food Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym ISBN 1-56591-071-0 8.10 Tham kho [1] m thc Triu Tiờn ( thỏng nm 2009 ) (bng ting Hn) Naver / Doosan Encyclopedia Truy cp ngy 28 [2] (ting Hn) Tteokguk at Doosan Encyclopedia 8.11 LIấN KT NGOI 8.11 Liờn kt ngoi Korean Cuisine by Ji Young Park Korean Cooking by Evil Jungle Prince blog TriFood | Your Guide to Korean Cuisines & Restaurants KoreanKitchen.com Ocial site of Korea National Tourism List of Korean Food ZenKimchi Korean Food Journal Korean Food Fanlisting My Korean Kitchen - Korean and Fusion Food for Foreigners in Korea Korean Food Recipes, Restaurant Listings, Korean BBQ Category:Food on the Galbijim Wiki 173 174 CHNG M THC TRIU TIấN {{int:Coll-attribution-page| m thc Vit Nam Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam?oldid=26627154 Ngi úng gúp: Mxn, DHN, Mekong Bluesman, Vng Ngõn H, Phan Ba, Nguyn anh ang, Trung, Chobot, ỏi Nhi, Lu Ly, Vinhtantran, Casablanca1911, Apple, Newone, DHN-bot, Docteur Rieux, Ctmt, Gsh, Nguoithudo, Phunghainam, NTT, Viethavvh, Saigon punkid, Bỡnh Giang, CommonsDelinker, Pdbv05~viwiki, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Duyt-ph, 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c Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c?oldid=26625895 Ngi úng gúp: DHN, aisk, Newone, Viethavvh, Escarbot, ijs!bot, VolkovBot, Langtucodoc, AlleborgoBot, Loveless, Qbot, Alexbot, Bjankuloski06vi, Luckas-bot, Sweater, ArthurBot, anh Bat Bai, MastiBot, EmausBot, ChuispastonBot, Cheers!-bot, Violetbonmua, MerlIwBot, Phamkhoi5, AlphamaBot, Hugopako, AlphamaBot2, Addbot, itxongkhoiAWB, Tuanminh01, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc AWB, Trantrongnhan100YHbot, Minh28397 v 14 ngi vụ danh m nhc Nht Bn Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_nh%E1%BA%A1c_Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n?oldid=26626808 Ngi úng gúp: DHN-bot, Klbc, TXiKiBoT, Qbot, Amirobot, SilvonenBot, Xqbot, ụrờmon, EmausBot, Cheers!-bot, DanGong, Trungfat51, Alphama, AlphamaBot, Hugopako, Earthshaker, Addbot, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc AWB, ManlyBoys v ngi vụ danh m thc í Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_%C3%9D?oldid=26624308 Ngi úng gúp: Luckasbot, Xqbot, TuHan-Bot, EmausBot, Cheers!-bot, MerlIwBot, DanGong, AvicBot, Santorini.mlight, Addbot, OctraBot, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc AWB, Minh28397 v Mt ngi vụ danh m thc Phỏp Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Ph%C3%A1p?oldid=26539482 Ngi úng gúp: Mekong Bluesman, Dung005, Escarbot, ijs!bot, Neweco~viwiki, CommonsDelinker, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Handyhuy, SieBot, Qbot, Luckas-bot, Xqbot, NobelBot, TobeBot, MondalorBot, Inhisname, Phng Huy, TuHan-Bot, EmausBot, ChuispastonBot, WikitanvirBot, Cheers!-bot, MerlIwBot, DanGong, Santorini.mlight, AlphamaBot, Addbot, OctraBot, itxongkhoiAWB, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc, HuyVoKe, Minh28397 v ngi vụ danh m thc ỏi Lan Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Th%C3%A1i_Lan?oldid=26627076 Ngi úng gúp: DHN, Nguyn anh ang, Lu Ly, Newone, Neweco~viwiki, Bỡnh Giang, CommonsDelinker, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, SieBot, Tran oc123, Loveless, Qbot, Liold, Makgeolli, Nallimbot, Takeaway, Xqbot, MondalorBot, Cheers!-bot, MerlIwBot, Demon Witch 2, AlphamaBot, Addbot, Arc Warden, Tuanminh01, AlphamaBot4, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc, MiMS 44, Trantrongnhan100YHbot, Minh28397 v 19 ngi vụ danh m thc Hu Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Hu%E1%BA%BF?oldid=26608903 Ngi úng gúp: Nguyn anh ang, Lu Ly, Bỡnh Giang, Duyt-ph, Qbot, Dictator, Xvn, AlleinStein, Magicknight94, Phng Huy, Nguyen trung phu, Phucdinh0101, NewbieIT, Cheers!-bot, AlphamaBot, Arc Warden, itxongkhoiAWB, TuanminhBot, ẫn bc AWB, ule14 v ngi vụ danh m thc Triu Tiờn Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn?oldid=26644215 Ngi úng gúp: Mxn, Nguyn anh ang, ỏi Nhi, Vinhtantran, Newone, DHN-bot, Doqtu84, Viethavvh, ijs!bot, CommonsDelinker, Clarin, TXiKiBoT, Duyt-ph, BotMultichill, AlleborgoBot, Loveless, Qbot, Sholokhov, SpBot, Makgeolli, Nallimbot, Luckas-bot, Xqbot, MondalorBot, Vanlangx, Billinghurst, Hoangkid, TuHan-Bot, WikitanvirBot, Cheers!-bot, DanGong, HiW-Bot, Cnbhkoryo, Sansane, Steinsplier, AlphamaBot, XxxNMTxxx, , 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Ngh s u tiờn: ? Tp_tin:AOC_Vacqueyras_rosộ_+_lavande.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/AOC_Vacqueyras_ ros%C3%A9_%2B_lavande.jpg Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Vộronique PAGNIER Tp_tin:Agnolotti.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Agnolotti.JPG Giy phộp: CC BY 2.5 Ngi úng gúp: Chuyn t en.wikipedia sang Commons by adell using CommonsHelper Ngh s u tiờn: Photo by Gahlord Dewald/oughtfaucet (who uploaded it and that is the aribution credit to apply if you use it elsewhere) Tp_tin:Andouillette.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Andouillette.jpg Giy phộp: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Chuyn t en.wikipedia sang Commons Ngh s u tiờn: Exceptg ti Wikipedia Ting Anh Tp_tin:Ants_Eggs_Market_Thailand.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Ants_Eggs_Market_Thailand jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: originally posted to Flir as Ant eggs Ngh s u tiờn: Bertrand Man Tp_tin:Apicius_1709.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: http://www.lib.k-state.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/apicius1709.html Ngh s u tiờn: http://www.lib.k-state edu/ Tp_tin:Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: originally posted to Flir as Arc-en-ciel comestible Ngh s u tiờn: Sunny Ripert 8.11 LIấN KT NGOI 175 Tp_tin:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_ projection%29.svg Giy phộp: GFDL Ngi úng gúp: National Geographic Map by Ssolbergj Aquarius.geomar.de Ngh s u tiờn:Koyos + Ssolbergj (talk) Tp_tin:Ax10akb18.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Ax10akb18.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kndynt2099/5767061564/sizes/o/in/photostream/ en:Flickr Ngh s u tiờn: kndynt2099 Tp_tin:Baguette_mie.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Baguette_mie.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 4.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Popo le Chien Tp_tin:Bamboo_worms_on_plate.png Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Bamboo_worms_on_plate png Giy phộp: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Takoradee Tp_tin:Banh_bot_loc.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Banh_bot_loc.JPG Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Chuyn t vi.wikipedia sang Commons by cumeo89 Ngh s u tiờn: Viethavvh ti Wikipedia Ting Vit Tp_tin:Banh_cuon.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Banh_cuon.jpg Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Lu Ly Tp_tin:Banh_goi_03.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Banh_goi_03.JPG Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to (Self-taken) Ngh s u tiờn: Binh Giang Tp_tin:BasilkumPesto.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/BasilkumPesto.jpg Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Flusel Tp_tin:Beaujolais_salad.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Beaujolais_salad.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: Flickr Ngh s u tiờn: Jeremy Keith from Brighton & Hove, United Kingdom Tp_tin:Belon_oysters_at_Belon_river,_France.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Belon_oysters_ at_Belon_river%2C_France.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.5 Ngi úng gúp: Own Photopraph Ngh s u tiờn: Peter Gugerell Tp_tin:Bibimbap_with_side_dishes.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Bibimbap_with_side_dishes jpg Giy phộp: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Johannes Barre iGEL (talk) Tp_tin:Bleu_de_Bresse_cheese.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bleu_de_Bresse_cheese.jpg Giy phộp: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: ? 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Ngh s u tiờn: ? 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Ngh s u tiờn: ? 8.11 LIấN KT NGOI 181 Tp_tin:Salade_lyonnaise.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Salade_lyonnaise.JPG Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Arnaud 25 Tp_tin:Salade_mesclun_et_chốvre_chaud_sur_toasts.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Salade_ mesclun_et_ch%C3%A8vre_chaud_sur_toasts.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: DocteurCosmos Tp_tin:Somtam_from_food_kiosk.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Somtam_from_food_kiosk jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.5 Ngi úng gúp: My friend shot this photos from food street vendor Ngh s u tiờn: My friend Tp_tin:Spaghetti_carbonara.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Spaghetti_carbonara.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Popo le Chien Tp_tin:Spaghetti_vongole_2.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Spaghetti_vongole_2.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 4.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Popo le Chien Tp_tin:Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ 9/9d/Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: http://www.flickr com/photos/kentwang/132805901/ Ngh s u tiờn: Kent Wong Tp_tin:Summer_roll.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Summer_roll.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: ? Ngh s u tiờn: ? 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Ngh s u tiờn: ? 182 CHNG M THC TRIU TIấN Tp_tin:Vin_Jaune.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Vin_Jaune.jpg Giy phộp: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Arnaud 25 Tp_tin:Wheat_close-up.JPG Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Wheat_close-up.JPG Giy phộp: CCBY-SA-3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Bluemoose Tp_tin:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan svg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al Tp_tin:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al Tp_tin:Wikibooks-logo.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg Giy phộp: CC BYSA 3.0 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al Tp_tin:Wine_grapes03.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg Giy phộp: GFDL 1.2 Ngi úng gúp: Tỏc phm chớnh ngi ti lờn to Ngh s u tiờn: Fir0002 Tp_tin:Xjapan_hongkong.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Xjapan_hongkong.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jasethebass/3209854872/sizes/l/in/set-72157594266410289/ Ngh s u tiờn: Jase e Bass Tp_tin:Xụi_g.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/X%C3%B4i_g%C3%A0.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: Ho Chi Minh,Vietnam Ngh s u tiờn: Yuichi Kosio Tp_tin:YMO2008(cropped).jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/YMO2008%28cropped%29.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: YMO2008.jpgNgh s u tiờn:YMO2008.jpg: e_Junes of Flickr.com Tp_tin: 01_(5935161191).jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90% E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg Giy phộp: CC BY-SA 2.0 Ngi úng gúp: 01 Ngh s u tiờn: incity007 Tp_tin: .jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9% 83%8E.jpg Giy phộp: Public domain Ngi úng gúp: Ngh s u tiờn: | Creative Commons Aribution-Share Alike 3.0 }}