Bài giảng quản trị xuyên văn hóa cross cultural

Cross Culture CommunicationIntercultural Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between people whose cultural background could lead them to interpret verbal and n

What is a culture?

• Culture is the "lens" through which you view the world

• It is central to what you see,

• How you make sense of what you see,

• How you express yourself.

"Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs."

– Tom Wolfe

What is different?

1 Communication Styles

2 Attitudes toward conflicts

3 Decision making style

Communication is the sending of a message from a source

to a receiver with the least possible loss of meaning.

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The speaker sends a message that is in

some kind of code The listener decodes the message and responds, thereby giving the speaker feedback.

What is effective communication?

• The Art, Science and Practice.

Effective Speaking

Effective listening Understanding people’s perception

CODES USED IN COMMUNICATION

Cross Culture Communication

Intercultural Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between people whose cultural background could lead them to interpret verbal and non-verbal signs differently.

Why Cross Culture Communication is important ?

◦ An understanding of diverse market

Globalization: Cross border movement of people, goods and data brings more and more cultures into contact with one another and increases the potential of cross culture communication.

Verbal Communication Differences

1.Words

2.Voice

High Context and Low Context Cultures

High Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on verbal and subtle situational cues in communication.

non-Low Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on

words to convey meaning in communication.

Non-Verbal Communication Differences

Case In Point : Eye Contact

In some cultures, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate

honesty and straightforwardness; in others it is seen as challenging and rude

In USA, the cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is

to look them into the eye

"Most people in Arab culture share a great deal of eye contact and may regard too little as disrespectful

In English culture, a certain amount of eye contact is required, but too much makes many people uncomfortable

In South Asian and many other cultures direct eye contact is generally regarded as aggressive and rude

Case in Point : Gesture

How can a Gestures distort the message………

• A motion of the hands, head or body to emphasize an

USA=OK JAPAN=MONEY

How can the same Gestures be treated differently in different cultures

Gestures – Around the World

Western - “Do you have a telephone ?”

Brazil - “Cuckold (Your wife is cheating to you)” USA - “Sign for the Texas Long Horns”

Blocks to Cultural Communication

1 Ethnocentrism : Inability to accept another culture's world view;

"my way is the best."

2 Discrimination : Differential treatment of an individual due to

minority status; actual and perceived; e.g., "we just aren't equipped to serve people like that."

3 Stereotyping : Generalizing about a person while ignoring presence

of individual difference; e.g., "she's like that because she's Asian – all Asians are nonverbal."

4.Cultural Blindness: Differences are ignored and one proceeds as though differences did not exist; e.g., "there's no need to worry about a person's culture

5.Cultural Imposition: Belief that everyone should conform to the majority; e.g., "we know what's best for you, if you don't like it you can

go elsewhere."

6.Tone Difference : Formal tone change becomes embarrassing and off-putting in some cultures.

DEVELOPING CROSS CULTURAL

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

"Tact is the ability to describe others as they see themselves.“

– Abraham Lincoln

Skills To Overcome Differences

"To handle yourself, use your head; to handle others, use your heart."

– Donald Laird

Skills To Overcome Differences

• Respecting Differences and Working Together

Skills To Overcome Differences

• Building Trust Across Cultural Boundaries

Skills To Overcome Differences

• Understanding Body Language

United States of America

•Americans tend to refrain from greetings that involve hugging and other

close physical contact

•When sitting, U.S citizens often look very relaxed They may sometimes sit

with the ankle of one leg on their knee

Arab Countries

•The left hand is considered unclean in the Arab countries

•When sitting, keep both feet on the ground.

•The "thumbs up" sign is offensive throughout the Arab world.

South Korea

•Bows are used for expressing appreciation, making apologies and requests,

as well as for greetings and farewells.

•When the Japanese want to give the impression that they are in deep

thought, they will sometimes fold their arms

Skills To Overcome Differences

• Connecting with people

Things To Remember While Interacting And Connecting

With People

Business Attire

Selecting and Presenting

Business Gifts

• Unwrapping gifts:

Saudi Arabia - Gifts are opened in private.

USA - Gifts are opened in public

How do you do it?

• The handshake should be firm.

• While shaking hands establish eye

contact and always smile

• The person who initiates the

handshake is the one who closes it.

Improving Cross Culture Communication

Welcome Topics & Topics to Avoid during Conversation Welcome Topics & Topics to Avoid during Conversation

• Welcome Topics of Conversation:

Indonesia: Family, travel/tourism, sports, praising the local cuisine, future plans and success of the group or organization

Germany: Sports particularly soccer, tennis, current events, politics, among those who imbibe, beer is often a good topic of conversation

•Topics to Avoid:

Indonesia: Politics, corruption, criticism of Indonesian

ways, commenting on Indonesian customs that you find peculiar, religion

Saudi Arabia: Middle Eastern politics and International oil politics, Israel, criticizing or questioning Islamic beliefs, women/ inquiries or complimentary remarks about the

female family members of your Saudi associates

South Korea: Korean politics/local politics, The Korean

War, Socialism and Communism, Japan and your contacts

in Japan, your host's wife, Personal family matters

Germany: World War II, personal questions,

TEN Pre-cautions in Cultural Communication

Business in Today’s Scenario is

not a “National Match” but

is a “Olympics”, where there

are International Players Only that Individual / Company can survive which has done its homework well & developed its uniqueness.

Faster Rapport Building

Faster Rapport Building

Success Rate will Increase

Success Rate will Increase