Level II 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd i 3/25/09 3:51:22 PM Vocabulary & Spelling, Level II Care has been taken to verify the accuracy of information presented in this book However, the authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for Web, e-mail, newsgroup, or chat room subject matter or content, or for consequences from application of the information in this book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to its content Trademarks: Some of the product names and company names included in this book have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trade names of their respective manufacturers and sellers The authors, editors, and publisher disclaim any affiliation, association, or connection with, or sponsorship or endorsement by, such owners Cover Image Credits: Scene, © Medioimages/Photodisc/Getty Images; ship steering wheel, StockXpert ISBN 978-0-82194-418-9 © 2009 by EMC Publishing, LLC 875 Montreal Way St Paul, MN 55102 E-mail: educate@emcp.com Web site: www.emcp.com All rights reserved No part of this publication may be adapted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Teachers using Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature, Level II may photocopy complete pages in sufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for resale Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd ii 10 3/25/09 3:51:23 PM CONTENTS Introduction v Unit 1: Word Study Skills and Word Parts Lesson 1: Word Study Notebook Lesson 2: Word Study Skills Lesson 3: PAVE Lesson 4: Morphemes Lesson 5: Morphemes and Meaning 10 Time Out for Test Practice: Recognizing Word Parts 12 Unit 2: Studying Syllables Lesson 6: Syllabication 13 Lesson 7: Spelling by Syllables 15 Lesson 8: Accented Syllables and Pronunciation 17 Lesson 9: Mispronunciations 18 Time Out for Test Practice: Syllables Review 20 Unit 3: Spelling Lesson 10: Spelling Patterns I 21 Lesson 11: Spelling Patterns II 24 Lesson 12: Spelling Patterns III 27 Lesson 13: Spelling Patterns IV 29 Lesson 14: Commonly Misspelled Words 31 Time Out for Test Practice: Spelling Review 33 Unit 4: Context Clues; Denotation and Connotation Lesson 15: Context Clues 35 Lesson 16: Using Context Clues I: Comparison and Contrast 37 Lesson 17: Using Context Clues II: Restatement and Apposition 39 Lesson 18: Using Context Clues III: Examples and Cause and Effect 41 Lesson 19: Denotation and Connotation 43 Time Out for Test Practice: Context Clues 45 Unit 5: Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes, and Root Origins Lesson 20: Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes 47 Lesson 21: Prefixes and Similar Word Parts 49 Lesson 22: Suffixes 51 Lesson 23: Roots and Base Words 53 Lesson 24: Greek and Latin Roots 55 Time Out for Test Practice: Spelling Review 57 © EMC Publishing, LLC 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd iii Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II iii 3/25/09 3:51:23 PM Unit 6: Homographs, Homophones, and Homonyms Lesson 25: Homographs, Homophones, and Homonyms 58 Lesson 26: More about Homographs, Homophones, and Homonyms 60 Time Out for Test Practice: Homophones 62 Unit 7: Reference Material; Synonyms and Antonyms Lesson 27: Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses 64 Lesson 28: Choosing the Right Definition 66 Lesson 29: Synonyms and Antonyms 68 Time Out for Test Practice: Connotation 70 Unit 8: Collecting and Choosing Your Words Lesson 30: Figurative Language 71 Lesson 31: Slang and Colloquialisms 74 Lesson 32: Words for Your Word Study Notebook 76 Time Out for Test Practice: Reading Comprehension 77 Answer Key .79 iv LEVEL II 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd iv Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:51:23 PM Introduction The Exceeding the Standards resource books provide in-depth language arts instruction to enrich students’ skills development beyond the level of meeting the standards Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling offers meaningful ways to incorporate word study into the language arts classroom Vocabulary & Spelling presents thirty-two lessons, designed to be used weekly, that cover a broad range of topics from etymology to context clues to spelling patterns These lessons are aligned with the units of the Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature program and may be used alone or as supplements to the Vocabulary & Spelling workshops in the Student Edition Each lesson incorporates words from selections in the corresponding unit of the textbook By using these lessons in conjunction with the literature program, you will help your students become better readers, writers, speakers, and spellers Each lesson in Vocabulary & Spelling includes the following components: • A Word of the Week, selected from the corresponding textbook unit, highlights a word that students may find particularly meaningful or interesting • Grammar instruction on one or more topics is followed by a Try It Yourself section that allows students to practice what they are learning • Just For Fun activities encourage students to play with words, reminding them that language can be fun and interesting • Tip boxes in the margin throughout the lesson clarify definitions, offer additional information, and give helpful suggestions • A Time Out for Test Practice at the end of each unit provides students with the opportunity to assess what they have learned and to practice test-taking skills by answering sample standardized test questions in a multiple-choice format It is essential that vocabulary instruction include a variety of strategies to develop students’ word-study skills Lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling provide many different ways of exploring and studying words, word parts, semantic families, and spelling patterns and rules Activating students’ prior knowledge of words and of essential concepts related to words helps students make associations between new terms and words they already know The activities in Vocabulary & Spelling will help you actively engage students in working with words As their curiosity about word exploration grows, your students will become increasingly confident in their ability to attack, learn, and experiment with new words Related Program Resources For more vocabulary and spelling instruction, including charts of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots, refer to the Mirrors & Windows Student Edition Language Arts Handbook, Section 2: Vocabulary & Spelling Additional vocabulary development activities integrated with the literature selections are included in the Meeting the Standards unit resource books and in Differentiated Instruction for English Language Learners Teaching Tips Word study encompasses not only vocabulary and spelling, but also the strategies language users employ to unlock meanings and internalize spellings Effective instruction in word study gives students tools for learning new vocabulary and spelling independently in the long term The following teaching tips can help you ensure that your students get the most from the lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd v Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II v 3/25/09 3:51:23 PM Teach Word Attack Strategies There are a number of strategies good readers employ when they are confronted with an unfamiliar word These strategies include: • using the context as a clue • gleaning hints from pictures, charts, graphs, and other text support • examining word parts: prefixes, suffixes, and roots • combing through memories for associations with the word • consulting dictionaries and other reference materials • asking an authority, such as a teacher or other expert in the field For many of us, these strategies have become second nature, and we are hardly conscious of using them To students, however, they are not so obvious; strategic word decoding takes place mostly internally and silently, word attack strategies are largely invisible, and uninitiated students may never witness them in action Research suggests that students need explicit instruction in these strategies to become proficient readers and effective writers The lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling provide such explicit instruction Create a Word-Rich Environment The essential backdrop to an effective word study program is a classroom where words are clearly valued The following are some ideas for creating such a classroom • Word Wall Post a variety of vocabulary words and/or words of the week in your classroom to provide students with repetition and recycling of the terms you want them to internalize Use it as the basis of word games such as bingo, Jeopardy, and twenty questions, as well as collaborative storytelling • Class Dictionary Have students keep a class dictionary by taking turns entering words studied in class, providing definitions, illustrating terms, writing contextual sentences, and searching for realworld uses of the words • Classroom Library Provide a broad range of reading materials, giving students time for sustained silent reading, and modeling avid reading yourself, to build students’ vocabularies • Word Processing Language Tools Encourage students to make use of language features built into word processing programs, such as dictionaries and thesauruses • Online Word Games Schedule time for your students to learn new vocabulary with online word games and other technology tools • Language Mentor Share your own interest in words by drawing students’ attention to interesting words in the news or in pop culture and by modeling how you approach words that are new to you Foster Curiosity The key to incorporating meaningful word study into your language arts classroom is to encourage dialogue with your students about how words create meaning Your own curiosity about language is infectious and will encourage your students to become inquisitive “word detectives” motivated to solve the mystery of word meanings About Spelling “Rules” Some students benefit from memorizing what are sometimes called spelling rules; others are frustrated by the number of exceptions to each rule To reflect the prevalence of exceptions, the term spelling pattern has been used instead of spelling rule in this resource In addition to introducing students to spelling patterns, you can help them become stronger spellers by following the same teaching tips mentioned above: modeling the use of strategies, creating a word-rich classroom, and fostering curiosity vi LEVEL II 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab&spelling-FM.indd vi Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:51:23 PM Name: Date: LESSON Word Study Notebook Understand the Concept No matter what type of material you are reading, you probably run into unfamiliar words from time to time Keeping track of these words and their meanings and uses can help you become a better reader and can enrich your vocabulary As you learn more and more words, you will also become a better speaker and a better writer, able to express yourself more easily and vividly A good way to collect new words is to keep a word study notebook In it, you can record each new word with its definition and pronunciation, along with an example sentence or drawing to help you remember it Here is a sample page from a word study notebook Word of the Week ravenous (>ra v@ n@s) adj., very hungry Adam hadn’t eaten much all day, so as soon as he caught sight of the dinner buffet he realized he had a ravenous appetite Some synonyms for ravenous include starving, famished, and voracious Try substituting them in the above sentence to see if they fit This is a helpful tactic when learning new vocabulary words Word: obstinate Pronunciation: 5b> st@ n@t Definition: sticking to a purpose, opinion, or course in spite of reason or arguments Contextual sentence: The obstinate child refused to eat his vegetables, no matter what his parents did to persuade him A word study notebook is a great way to actively increase the number of words you use in your own daily language Knowing more words will help you speak and write your thoughts more clearly, precisely, and vividly Tip Tip Tip p A phonetic description is a way to spell a word as it sounds instead of as it is supposed to be spelled In the sample at left, the phonetic description of the word obstinate is given as \5b> st@ n@t\ Reading the phonetic spelling will help you to remember how to pronounce the word © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II, UNIT 1 3/25/09 3:52:28 PM Try It Yourself EXERCISE A Fill in this sample page of a word study notebook Word: mesmerize Just For Fun You can use your word study notebook to record interesting, strange, or unusual words as well On your own paper or in your word study notebook, complete word study entries for the following words • • • • • swindle habitual cylinder qualm incalculable Pronunciation: Definition: Contextual sentence: Drawing: EXERCISE B Browse through a magazine or newspaper until you find a word that is unfamiliar to you Use the space below to create your own word study notebook entry for the unfamiliar word To find the correct definition and pronunciation, consult a dictionary or ask your teacher If you find more than one definition for the word, choose the one that best fits how the word was used in the sentence If you wish, list the other definitions as well Word: Pronunciation: Definition: You can find new words in many unexpected places: the grocery store, recipes, shopping malls, airports, buses, restaurants, billboards, road signs, instruction manuals, television, radio, song lyrics, phone books, greeting cards Tip LEVEL II, UNIT 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Contextual sentence: Drawing: Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:52:30 PM Name: Date: LESSON Word Study Skills Understand the Concept When you are reading a novel, a short story, or even a poem, you may run across words you don’t know That shouldn’t keep you from understanding the selection, however Several different skills can help you read literature that contains unfamiliar words: using context clues, using text support, defining word parts, using a dictionary, and getting help from someone Context Clues The passage that contains the unfamiliar word or words may also contain clues revealing the meaning of the word or words Consider the following passage Word of the Week intricate (in> tri k@t) adj., complex; having many parts The intricate story was difficult to follow because it had many characters and sub-plots Something that is intricate is difficult to figure out, or will take a big effort to understand Things that can be intricate include puzzles, people, machines, and the directions for assembling a new bicycle His schoolmates were racing about, playing exuberantly, shouting and laughing with full voices Their joyous sounds went ringing through the quiet street Exuberantly might be a word you don’t know But what clues does the passage offer? The schoolmates were playing, shouting and laughing They were joyous That tells you that exuberantly could mean with joy and laughter In fact, exuberantly means “with joy and enthusiasm.” By using the passage surrounding the unfamiliar word, you can decipher what that word means Try It Yourself Just For Fun Attack a new word by: • • • • • using context clues using text support defining word parts checking a dictionary getting help from someone EXERCISE A Look at the following passage Try to use the context clues to figure out the meaning of the word meager Write your answers in your notebook Daily he went down to the St Louis Union Station and shined shoes to help supplement his meager twenty-four-dollar-amonth Pullman retirement check From “The 11:59,” by Patricia McKissack What is the word meager modifying in this sentence? What you think meager means? © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II, UNIT 3/25/09 3:52:30 PM 60º 45º 30º 15º equator This picture of the earth shows the parallels of latitude, or distance from the earth’s equator The equator, or middle line, is at degrees latitude Each line above the equator equals 15 degrees in latitude Text Support In addition to the surrounding text, other items on the page may contain clues to help you decipher an unfamiliar word Look at pictures, diagrams, charts, captions, section headings, sidebars, and other things outside of the main text for additional information about what is being discussed in the main text You may find clues about the word or words that you don’t understand Consider the passage below about Greenland You might not know what latitude means, but the diagram at right explains it Many written materials contain items like this that offer more information about a particular concept in the text Greenland is an island in the northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean Almost completely north of the 60-degree line of latitude, Greenland experiences relatively cool weather Summer temperatures rarely exceed 65 degrees Fahrenheit, and winter temperatures frequently dip to 70 degrees or more below zero Word Parts A prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning Tip preview A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning secondary A word root is a word part that is not a prefix nor a suffix intersection An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by telling a specific detail about it Tip warm bread calm breeze Some unfamiliar words may contain parts that you have seen in other words These parts, or morphemes, may be prefixes, which come at the beginning of the word, suffixes, which appear at the end of the word, or roots, which make up the core part of words Imagine coming across the following sentence: That was the most invigorating shower I ever had! You may be stumped by the word invigorating Even if you don’t know what the word means, you may be able to come close to its meaning by looking at the word parts You might, for example, pull out vigor, which you remember means “energy.” Because you know that invigorating is an adjective describing the shower, you can reasonably deduce that invigorating means something like “energizing.” Indeed, the dictionary definition for invigorate is “give life and energy to (something).” You may want to review your word part charts of common prefixes, suffixes, roots, and their meanings Try It Yourself EXERCISE B Use your knowledge about word parts to try to decipher the meanings of the following words Use your notebook if you need more space introspection transmitter quadruped irreversible circumnavigate LEVEL II, UNIT 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:52:30 PM Try It Yourself Just For Fun Match each colloquialism at left with the sentence it fits into at right _ hit the jackpot _ hash out _ put in my two cents’ worth _ bounce off the walls _ out in left field _ wheel and deal _ get the show on the road _ bite off more than you can chew _ a dime a dozen _ 10 cough it up © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 75 A Those antique bowls are nice, but they’re _ B It’s great to get involved in extracurricular activities, but make sure you don’t _ C We agreed on the main ideas and just have to _ the details D Sherry’s so nervous about the audition that she will soon begin to _ E I’m tired of waiting for you to get ready Let’s _! F I know you took that candy bar out of my locker Now, _! G I had never won anything before, but I really _ when I won that new computer! H John sometimes says some strange things, but that comment was really _ I Jane’s father, a slick-talking car salesman, is always trying to _ J “I just want to _,” Michaela said before expressing her opinion Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling Fill in the blanks with slang expressions Have you seen Johnny’s new car? It’s _! I really don’t care for those shoes They are so _ Hey, _! How’s my best pal doing? She’s making some _ money at her new job Jenna redecorated her bedroom It looks really _ LEVEL II, UNIT 75 3/25/09 3:52:47 PM Name: Date: LESSON 32 Word of the Week precipitous (pri si> p@ t@s) adj., very steep; sudden The mountaineers checked their climbing gear before attempting to climb the precipitous north face of the Matterhorn In addition to referring to something that is very steep, precipitous can also refer to an abrupt action When someone makes an extreme change with no prior warning, that action can be considered precipitous Look for prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and base words in these words for clues to their meaning For example, which word contains the Latin word root spic, meaning “look”? How does this root relate to the meaning of the word? Tip Look for the following Latin word roots in this Tip activity lev—light in weight; lift Words for Your Word Study Notebook Understand the Concept You can add new words to your vocabulary by logging them in your word study notebook Record this list in your notebook, making sure to leave room for the pronunciations and definitions of each word Begin incorporating a word or two into each piece of writing you create Choose a word or two a week to use in your conversations with friends The more you use the new words, the more you will develop your vocabulary Try It Yourself EXERCISE A Fill in the pronunciations and definitions for each word cleft bombastic despicable elucidate coax gallivant gauche crevice 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 flourish deference drivel levitate loquacious malaise malevolent moribund 17 18 19 20 21 22 nefarious oscillate pungent quibble quip waft Did any of these words already sound familiar to you? If so, which ones? Did you know what they meant? EXERCISE B Choose five of the words from above and use each one in a sentence loqu—speak mal—bad pung—sting or prick Which words stem from the Latin words mori, meaning “to die,” and nefas, meaning “crime”? Just For Fun Ask for permission to take a walk through school with a pen and a notebook Write down any new words you encounter Look on signs, on bulletin boards, in the lunchroom, in the auditorium, in the gymnasium, in the library, and anywhere else you are allowed to go You may be surprised by the number of new words you find 76 LEVEL II, UNIT 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 76 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:52:48 PM Name: Date: Time Out for Test Practice Reading Comprehension Write the letter of the word that best completes each sentence _ Julie’s _ when wearing the new shoes was evident in her walk A discomfort B curiosity C vocation D malpractice _ Both teachers wanted to _ their classes, because team teaching was more helpful and less work A absolve B misunderstand C combine D concentrate _ Maria and Juana decided to _ an apartment to save money on rent A commingle B cohabit C compartmentalize D dictate _ Mr Zicarelli received a _ that his flight would leave at 5:45 on March 20 A dismissal B habitation C confirmation D biofeedback _ Not holding any subject sacred, the standup comic is especially _ about politics and religion A misinformed B eccentric C irreverent D understated _ Hercules was known for his _ strength A proactive B superhuman C replaceable D shameless © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 77 _ The political speaker’s _ was disrupted when a plane flew overhead A concentration B demerit C absorption D synchronicity _ The receptionist’s _ at Merton Advertising was a disappointment because she was impolite on the phone A vocation B advocate C biography D replacement _ For his art project, Jeremy created an innovative _ by borrowing styles from his favorite artists A hierarchy B production C odometer D synthesis _ 10 Heather had to _ her essay because her handwriting was illegible A conform B justify C desegregate D rewrite _ 11 Carl’s _ personality earns him a lot of friends; he is always polite, outgoing, and friendly A cynical B gregarious C sensitive D studious Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II, UNIT 77 3/25/09 3:52:48 PM _ 12 Artist Jackson Pollock’s most famous works are _; that is, they don’t seek to depict how things actually look A synthetic B affected C centered D abstract _ 13 The set design was _, with a balcony on the left and a balcony on the right A disproportionate B ugly C symmetrical D abhorrent _ 14 South Carolina was the first southern state to _ from the Union A malfunction B misbehave C centralize D secede _ 15 The situation at the factory _ even further when replacements were brought in for the strikers A destabilized B discovered C miscontrued D oriented _ 17 In the movie My Fair Lady, Professor Henry Higgins teaches Eliza to improve her _ so she’ll sound like a lady A disability B diction C oration D understudy _ 18 Listening to Janis Joplin _ my mom’s memories of her adolescence A supplies B misconceives C manages D evokes _ 19 The Johnsons _ their bottles, cans, and newspapers to help preserve the environment A recycle B misdirect C supercede D misfile _ 20 The _ strains of the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics A ironic B mutant C irregular D rearranged _ 16 The politician decided to _ his opponent with ads that attacked his integrity A restrengthen B miscalculate C vilify D synchronize 78 LEVEL II, UNIT 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 78 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:52:48 PM ANSWER KEY Lesson 1: Word Study Notebook, page Lesson 4: Morphemes, page EXERCISE A Try It Yourself word: mesmerize definition: to subject to mesmerism; hypnotize; spellbind contextual sentence: Responses will vary pronunciation: (mez> m@ r8z @r) n, one who sews sewer (s2‘ @r) n, a system of pipes that transport waste wound (w2nd) n., an injury, commonly with broken skin wound (wa1nd) v., past tense of to wind minute (mi‘ n@t) n., sixty seconds minute (m8‘ny2t) adj., very small pale: without much color pail: bucket 86 LEVEL II, ANSWER KEY 0079-0089_Gr7_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 86 EXERCISE C Responses will vary Possible answers are given bear: a furry brown mammal; to put up with something; to produce fruit just: refers to something that happened recently; fair left: a direction (opposite of right); remaining hit: to strike; a success vault: to leap or jump; burial chamber Lesson 26: More about Homographs, Homophones, and Homonyms, page 60 Lesson 25: Homographs, Homophones, Homonyms, page 58 EXERCISE B which: a word used to specify what ones out of a group witch: an woman who practices magic weather: the condition of the atmosphere whether: a word involving a question of alternatives where: a word used to ask a question of location ware: an article of merchandise wear: to have on one’s body muscle: organ that allows movement of one’s body mussel: marine animal with a shell Try It Yourself EXERCISE A lead pronunciation 1: /leed/ meaning 1: to guide pronunciation 2: /led/ meaning 2: a heavy metal bass pronunciation 1: /base/ meaning 1: low pitch pronunciation 2: /bas/ meaning 2: a fish object pronunciation 1: /ob ject’/ meaning 1: to oppose pronunciation 2: /ob’ ject/ meaning 2: thing, item digest pronunciation 1: /di’ gest/ meaning 1: collection of writings pronunciation 2: /di gest’/ meaning 2: absorb nutrients, as from food Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:54:09 PM content pronunciation 1: /con tent’/ meaning 1: satisfied pronunciation 2: /con’ tent/ meaning 2: substance; the material contained in something EXERCISE B Dan didn’t know whether or not the soccer game would be cancelled due to the thunderstorm Although some of the teachers advocated keeping the school doors locked during lunchtime, the principal thought it was important to allow students to go outside for some fresh air if they wished to so Ethel wanted to buy all of the furniture at the garage sale except for the rickety bookshelf My mom waited until there was no traffic coming before she passed the tractor on the highway Before Lisa met Jenny, she wouldn’t have been willing to bare her soul to anyone EXERCISE C Sentences will vary Possible sentences are given The deep well provided such good water that I felt especially well whenever I drank it If our school recycles every aluminum can, we can fund an incredible, overnight field trip The tip of the day is to tip your food server generously This spring, as the weather warms up, I want to spring into action and really get in shape Elise wanted to rib Kyle for cracking a rib, but he was in so much pain she didn’t want to make him laugh Time Out for Test Practice, page 62 Homophones 10 A B B B B A B A B C © EMC Publishing, LLC 0079-0089_Gr7_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 87 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A B B B A B C D A B Lesson 27: Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses, page 64 Try It Yourself EXERCISE A Responses will vary Possible answers are given seethe: to burn with anger nebulae: clouds of gas or dust; galaxies lavish: splendidly abundant etiquette: rules of behavior encase: to enclose something in a container EXERCISE B Responses will vary Possible answers are given adequate definition: something that satisfies what is necessary synonyms: sufficient, enough, satisfactory, passable, plenty bombard definition: to attack with bomb or a verbal barrage synonyms: bomb, shell, attack, assail, blast constructive definition: promoting improvement or development synonyms: positive, helpful, productive, useful, beneficial habitat definition: a place to live or stay synonyms: home, environment, residence, dwelling, territory perception definition: the way one sees or thinks about things synonyms: conception, understanding, awareness, idea, impression Lesson 28: Choosing the Right Definition, page 66 Try It Yourself EXERCISE A 6a: a legislative, deliberative, or consultative assembly; esp: one constituting a division of a bicameral body 5a: a residence for a religious community or for students 4b: a family including ancestors, descendants, and kindred 7a: a place of business or entertainment Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II, ANSWER KEY 87 3/25/09 3:54:09 PM 7b (1): a business organization 7c: the audience in a theater or concert hall Time Out for Test Practice, page 70 Connotation EXERCISE B Main entry for buffet: Definition 2a: a counter for refreshments Main entry for spray: Definition 2: a decorative flat arrangement of flowers and foliage Lesson 29: Synonyms and Antonyms, page 68 EXERCISE A Responses will vary Possible answers are given loud: noisy, earsplitting, thunderous, deafening, strident, booming shy: timid, bashful, reserved, self-conscious, introverted, inhibited ebullient: bubbly, joyful, cheerful, jovial, merry, happy endearing: appealing, charming, attractive, engaging, winning, pleasing admiration: respect, esteem, approval, reverence, appreciation, awe, regard humility: modesty, unassuming, humbleness, meekness, reserve, unpretentious audacity: boldness, courage, nerve, bravery, daring, bravado liar: cheat, charlatan, fraud, fake, phony, pretender EXERCISE B Responses will vary Possible answers are given sluggish: active, alert, energetic, fast timid: brave, daring, bold, fearless uncouth: couth, polished, refined, sophisticated rapid: slow, lazy, leisurely, languid vague: precise, clear, certain, definite joyful: sad, miserable, morose, gloomy forgettable: memorable, extraordinary, unforgettable, interesting truthful: false, deceitful, sneaky, lying LEVEL II, ANSWER KEY 0079-0089_Gr7_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 88 C A B B C C B C C Lesson 30: Figurative Language, page 71 Try It Yourself EXERCISE A Try It Yourself 88 Sentences will vary Meaning: to die Meaning: something that is hard to find Meaning: having trouble deciding Meaning: kidding Meaning: cause problems (usually through change) EXERCISE B Responses will vary EXERCISE C Responses will vary Lesson 31: Slang and Colloquialisms, page 74 Try It Yourself g c j d h i e b a f 10 hit the jackpot hash out put in my two cents’ worth bounce off the walls out in left field wheel and deal get the show on the road bite off more than you can chew a dime a dozen cough it up Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 3/25/09 3:54:09 PM Lesson 32: Words for Your Word Study Notebook, page 76 Try It Yourself EXERCISE A cleft (kleft) a space or opening made as if by splitting ; divided about halfway bombastic (b5m bas> tik) pompous; overblown despicable (di spi> k@ b@l) deserving to be despised; worthless or obnoxious enough to be hated elucidate (i l2> s@ d6t) to make clear by explanation or analysis coax (k9ks) to influence, gently urge, or persuade; to manipulate with perseverance gallivant (gal> @ vant) go about with members of the opposite sex; travel or roam about for pleasure gauche (g9sh>) lacking social grace; crude; awkward crevice (kre> v@s) a narrow opening flourish (fl@r> ish) to grow or thrive; to brandish or wave something 10 deference (de> f@ r@n(t)s) respect and esteem to a superior or an elder 11 drivel (dri> v@l) to drool; to talk stupidly or nonsensically; nonsense 12 levitate (lev> @ t6t) rise or float in the air in defiance of gravity 13 loquacious (l9 kw6> sh@s) given to excessive talking 14 malaise (m@ l6z>) indefinite feeling of lack of health; vague sense of ill-being 15 malevolent (m@ le> v@ l@nt) having or arising from vicious ill will or evil 16 moribund (mor> @ b@nd) being in the state of dying; approaching death 17 nefarious (ni far> @s) flagrantly wicked or vicious 18 oscillate (5s> @ lat) swing like a pendulum; move back and forth between two points © EMC Publishing, LLC 0079-0089_Gr7_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 89 19 pungent (pun> j@nt) sharply painful; sharp or biting in odor 20 quibble (kwi> b@l) bicker; argue 21 quip (kwip>) clever taunting remark; witty or funny observation; something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric 22 waft (w5ft>) move or go lightly through the air EXERCISE B Responses will vary Time Out for Test Practice, page 77 Reading Comprehension 10 A C B C C B A D D D Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B D C D A C B D A B LEVEL II, ANSWER KEY 89 3/25/09 3:54:09 PM ... Test Practice: Spelling Review 57 © EMC Publishing, LLC 000i-000vi_Gr7_vocab &spelling- FM.indd iii Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II iii 3/25/09 3:51:23... Unit 3: Spelling Lesson 10: Spelling Patterns I 21 Lesson 11: Spelling Patterns II 24 Lesson 12: Spelling Patterns III ... phonetic spelling will help you to remember how to pronounce the word © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0078_Gr7_vocab &spelling- L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL II, UNIT