Vocabulary spelling level v g10

Level V 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd 4/15/09 12:38:39 PM Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling, Level V Care has been taken to verify the accuracy of information presented in this book However, the authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for Web, e-mail, newsgroup, or chat room subject matter or content, or for consequences from application of the information in this book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to its content Trademarks: Some of the product names and company names included in this book have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trade names of their respective manufacturers and sellers The authors, editors, and publisher disclaim any affiliation, association, or connection with, or sponsorship or endorsement by, such owners Cover Image Credits: Scene, © Kathy Collins/CORBIS; coin, art and image provided by Carroll Gibson ISBN 978-0-82194-341-0 © 2009 by EMC Publishing, LLC 875 Montreal Way St Paul, MN 55102 E-mail: educate@emcp.com Web site: www.emcp.com All rights reserved No part of this publication may be adapted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Teachers using Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature, Level V may photocopy complete pages in sufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for resale Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd 2 10 4/15/09 12:38:39 PM Contents Introduction v Unit 1: Word Study Skills and Research Tools Lesson 1: Word Study Notebook Lesson 2: Word Study Skills Lesson 3: PAVE Lesson 4: Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses Time Out for Test Practice: Word Study Skills and PAVE; Synonyms Unit 2: Word Parts and Determining Meaning Lesson 5: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes 11 Lesson 6: Words with Multiple Meanings 13 Lesson 7: Connotation and Denotation 15 Lesson 8: Context Clues 17 Time Out for Test Practice: Defining Word Parts; Using Context Clues 19 Unit 3: Word Origins and Language Lesson 9: Word Origins 21 Lesson 10: Place Names 23 Lesson 11: Word Families from Greek and Latin Roots 25 Lesson 12: English Words from French 27 Lesson 13: English Words from Spanish 29 Lesson 14: English Words from Asian Languages 31 Lesson 15: English around the World 33 Lesson 16: Informal and Archaic Language 35 Lesson 17: Academic Language 37 Time Out for Test Practice: Borrowed Words; Word Parts from Greek and Latin 39 Unit 4: Spelling and Word Classification Lesson 18: Categorizing and Classifying Vocabulary 41 Lesson 19: Semantic Mapping 43 Lesson 20: Spelling Rules and Tips 45 Lesson 21: More Spelling Patterns—Plurals, ei/ie, ceed/sede/cede 47 Lesson 22: Spelling Patterns with Affixes 49 Time Out for Test Practice: Spelling with Affixes; Using Spelling Patterns 51 © EMC Publishing, LLC 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V iii 4/15/09 12:38:40 PM Unit 5: Clarifying Meaning Lesson 23: Syntax 53 Lesson 24: Commonly Confused Words 55 Lesson 25: Using Mnemonic Devices 57 Lesson 26: Word Meanings in Synonyms, Antonyms, Homophones, and Homographs 59 Time Out for Test Practice: Commonly Confused Words; Words with Multiple Meanings 61 Unit 6: Word Use and Standardized Test Preparation Lesson 27: Literal and Figurative Meanings 63 Lesson 28: Idioms, Metaphors, and Similes 65 Lesson 29: Allusions 67 Lesson 30: Language in the Media 69 Lesson 31: Standardized Test Preparation 71 Lesson 32: Expanding and Applying Your Word Knowledge 74 Time Out for Test Practice: Idioms and Figures of Speech; Analogies; Sentence Completion 76 Answer Key 78 iv level V 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:38:40 PM Introduction The Exceeding the Standards resource books provide in-depth language arts instruction to enrich students’ skills development beyond the level of meeting the standards Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling offers meaningful ways to incorporate word study into the language arts classroom Vocabulary & Spelling presents thirty-two lessons, designed to be used weekly, that cover a broad range of topics from etymology to context clues to spelling patterns These lessons are aligned with the units of the Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature program and may be used alone or as supplements to the Vocabulary & Spelling workshops in the Student Edition Each lesson incorporates words from selections in the corresponding unit of the textbook By using these lessons in conjunction with the literature program, you will help your students become better readers, writers, speakers, and spellers Each lesson in Vocabulary & Spelling includes the following components: • A Word of the Week, selected from the corresponding textbook unit, highlights a word that students may find particularly meaningful or interesting • Grammar instruction on one or more topics is followed by a Try It Yourself section that allows students to practice what they are learning • Just For Fun activities encourage students to play with words, reminding them that language can be fun and interesting • Tip boxes in the margin throughout the lesson clarify definitions, offer additional information, and give helpful suggestions • A Time Out for Test Practice at the end of each unit provides students with the opportunity to assess what they have learned and to practice test-taking skills by answering sample standardized test questions in a multiple-choice format It is essential that vocabulary instruction include a variety of strategies to develop students’ word-study skills Lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling provide many different ways of exploring and studying words, word parts, semantic families, and spelling patterns and rules Activating students’ prior knowledge of words and of essential concepts related to words helps students make associations between new terms and words they already know The activities in Vocabulary & Spelling will help you actively engage students in working with words As their curiosity about word exploration grows, your students will become increasingly confident in their ability to attack, learn, and experiment with new words Related Program Resources For more vocabulary and spelling instruction, including charts of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots, refer to the Mirrors & Windows Student Edition Language Arts Handbook, Section 2: Vocabulary & Spelling Additional vocabulary development activities integrated with the literature selections are included in the Meeting the Standards unit resource books and in Differentiated Instruction for English Language Learners Teaching Tips Word study encompasses not only vocabulary and spelling, but also the strategies language users employ to unlock meanings and internalize spellings Effective instruction in word study gives students tools for learning new vocabulary and spelling independently in the long term The following teaching tips can help you ensure that your students get the most from the lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V v 4/15/09 12:38:40 PM Teach Word Attack Strategies There are a number of strategies good readers employ when they are confronted with an unfamiliar word These strategies include: • using the context as a clue • gleaning hints from pictures, charts, graphs, and other text support • examining word parts: prefixes, suffixes, and roots • combing through memories for associations with the word • consulting dictionaries and other reference materials • asking an authority, such as a teacher or other expert in the field For many of us, these strategies have become second nature, and we are hardly conscious of using them To students, however, they are not so obvious; strategic word decoding takes place mostly internally and silently, word attack strategies are largely invisible, and uninitiated students may never witness them in action Research suggests that students need explicit instruction in these strategies to become proficient readers and effective writers The lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling provide such explicit instruction Create a Word-Rich Environment The essential backdrop to an effective word study program is a classroom where words are clearly valued The following are some ideas for creating such a classroom • Word Wall Post a variety of vocabulary words and/or words of the week in your classroom to provide students with repetition and recycling of the terms you want them to internalize Use it as the basis of word games such as bingo, Jeopardy, and twenty questions, as well as collaborative storytelling • Class Dictionary Have students keep a class dictionary by taking turns entering words studied in class, providing definitions, illustrating terms, writing contextual sentences, and searching for realworld uses of the words • Classroom Library Provide a broad range of reading materials, giving students time for sustained silent reading, and modeling avid reading yourself, to build students’ vocabularies • Word Processing Language Tools Encourage students to make use of language features built into word processing programs, such as dictionaries and thesauruses • Online Word Games Schedule time for your students to learn new vocabulary with online word games and other technology tools • Language Mentor Share your own interest in words by drawing students’ attention to interesting words in the news or in pop culture and by modeling how you approach words that are new to you Foster Curiosity The key to incorporating meaningful word study into your language arts classroom is to encourage dialogue with your students about how words create meaning Your own curiosity about language is infectious and will encourage your students to become inquisitive “word detectives” motivated to solve the mystery of word meanings About Spelling “Rules” Some students benefit from memorizing what are sometimes called spelling rules; others are frustrated by the number of exceptions to each rule To reflect the prevalence of exceptions, the term spelling pattern has been used instead of spelling rule in this resource In addition to introducing students to spelling patterns, you can help them become stronger spellers by following the same teaching tips mentioned above: modeling the use of strategies, creating a word-rich classroom, and fostering curiosity vi level V 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab&spelling-FM.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:38:40 PM Name: Date: LESSON Word Study Notebook Understand the Concept Keeping a word study notebook is a convenient way to log new words, their meanings and their spellings, as well as prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and other concepts You can use your word study notebook to write down words that you have trouble remembering how to spell You may even want to set part of your notebook aside for vocabulary play in your own writing When you record a new word in your notebook, include its definition, pronunciation, and origins, along with an example sentence or drawing to help you remember it Here is a sample page from a word study notebook Word: miasma (pl miasmas or miasmata) Pronunciation: \m8 az> m@\ Origins: New Latin, from Greek word miainein, “to pollute” Definition: Unhealthy, polluting vapor or fog Sentence: The miasma of tobacco smoke in that coffee shop makes me ill Word of the Week avaricious (ri sh@s) adj., greedy, especially for wealth Many observers thought that the financial crisis of 2008 was the result of avaricious stock brokers, bankers, and insurance executives Avaricious is the adjectival form of the noun avarice and is ultimately derived from the Latin word ave–re, which means to crave One of the most well-known avaricious characters in literature is Ebenezer Scrooge, from Charles Dickens’s 1843 classic A Christmas Carol People who are willing to injure others to gain or maintain wealth are characterized as avaricious Sometimes the word avaricious is used to imply that a person has an obsession with money Other times it is used to suggest that a person’s focus on wealth verges on madness Synonyms of avaricious include greedy, covetous, and rapacious As you learn more and more words, you will also become a better speaker and a better writer, able to express yourself more easily and vividly Tip © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL V, UNIT 1 4/15/09 12:41:04 PM Think about how you want to use your word study notebook Then, take some time to organize it For example, you may divide it into different sections—one section for new vocabulary you encounter, one for common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots, one for words that you often have trouble spelling, and one for fun words and word facts Tip Try It Yourself Browse through a magazine or newspaper until you find a word that is unfamiliar to you Use the space below to create your own word study notebook entry for the unfamiliar word To find the correct definition and pronunciation, consult a dictionary Hint: You don’t need to write down all the definitions of the the word—just the one that seems to fit the way it was used in the original sentence Word: Definition: Pronunciation: Origins: Here’s one item to get you started on the “Fun Word Facts” section of your word study notebook: Tip One of the longest place names in the world is probably that of Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyllllantysiliogogogoch, a town in northern Wales It is called Llanfair or Llanfair PG for short Every week, review the entries in your word study notebook Try to incorporate these words into your speech and writing Tip LEVEL V, UNIT 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Example sentence: Just for Fun Who or what is a doomster? What does it mean to commit verbicide? You might not encounter or use such quirky words very often, but it is fun to know their meanings Create entries for the following words, or peruse your dictionary for other odd words to add to your word study notebook doomster verbicide geophagy izzard stygian Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:41:04 PM Name: Date: LESSON Word Study Skills Understand the Concept When reading, you will often encounter words that are new to you It can be tempting to skip over them and keep going, but if that’s your only strategy, you’ll probably end up missing a lot of what you read! You will better understand and enjoy what you read if you follow these simple strategies for decoding unfamiliar words Use Context Clues When you encounter an unfamiliar word, you can figure out what it means by looking at the context, or the words around it example Word of the Week inquiry (in kwir> @) n., investigation into a matter of public interest He launched the inquiry because he believed the senator was lying The word inquiry stems from the Latin word quaerere, which means “seek.” Other words that share this Latin base include inquire, inquest, question, and inquisitive It was a good replica because it was almost identical to the original painting You may not know what replica means, but from the clues in the surrounding text, you can probably guess that a replica is a copy or imitation of something else Use Text Support Look for pictures, diagrams, charts, sidebars, and other features that help explain or support ideas in the text These items may help illustrate unfamiliar terms Read the following passage from a medical textbook Healthy joints are capable of rotation; that is, turning around an axis Types of rotation movements include supination, pronation, eversion, and inversion Supination allows the palm of the hand to turn up Pronation allows it to turn down See Figure 23.10 Text support is commonly found in magazine and newspaper articles and is especially necessary in educational material, such as textbooks Text support includes pictures, diagrams, charts, captions, section headings, and sidebars A sidebar is a short text piece that is found alongside the main story Tip Look for Familiar Word Parts Examine the unfamiliar word You may find that it contains a familiar prefix, suffix, or word root that provides a clue to its meaning For example, if you know that kilo is Latin for “one thousand,” you can figure out the meanings of such words as kilowatt, kilometer, and kilogram © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL V, UNIT 4/15/09 12:41:06 PM A prefix is a word part found at the beginning of a word; a suffix is found at the end Prefixes and suffixes add meaning to a base word or root A word root is a word part that is not a prefix or suffix and contains more of the core meaning of the word Tip Use a Dictionary Sometimes, the fastest way to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word is to look in the dictionary However, keep in mind that many words have more than one meaning Be ready to combine some of the other strategies with this one in order to figure out which definition is the right one Consider the following sentence: The company had invested heavily in emergent technologies The dictionary offers several possible definitions for the word emergent: Just for Fun arising unexpectedly; calling for prompt attention rising out of or as if out of a fluid arising as a natural or logical consequence newly formed or standing out Look up the following words in a dictionary Then, on your own paper, draw a picture for each one that would help a reader better understand the word’s meaning Because there are four possibilities, you must decide which best fits in this particular context The fourth definition is the one that works best here saber box kite narwhal piccolo coping saw ankh EXERCISE A Try It Yourself Use context clues to estimate the meaning of the underlined word The county fair was incredibly prosaic, so we spent our time trying to find something that would entertain us or seem even the least bit exciting What you think prosaic means? What information in the passage helped you guess the meaning of the word? EXERCISE B In your notebook, explain how the illustrations in Figure 23.10 help you to understand the meanings of unfamiliar terms EXERCISE C Use your knowledge of word parts to define each of the following words in your notebook You may refer to page 1041 of your student textbook for examples of common word parts egocentrism scalding unperturbed falteringly inaudible EXERCISE D Read the following sentences Look up each underlined word in the dictionary and write down the definition that best fits the way the word is used in the sentence LEVEL V, UNIT 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd He brought a relic back from his travels Sasha didn’t want to rifle through her sister’s suitcase Hanna was going out to cull the flock Hakeem was excited by the torrent of well-wishers The crowd was surprised by how stout the old man proved to be Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:41:06 PM Name: Date: Time Out for Test Practice Idioms and Figures of Speech Choose the best definition for each of the following idioms and figures of speech _ Jan is really between a rock and a hard place—she can’t decide whether to go to the dance with Bill, her brother’s best friend, or Gus, the boy she really likes A ready to explode B in a difficult situation C unable to move D without options _ Bailey totally fell for Sammy, hook, line, and sinker A totally and completely B caught or trapped C turned off D in pain _ The teacher told us that we could collaborate on our projects, so we can work on this together if you want— but if you just plan on copying my work, now that’s a horse of a different color A bizarre B more complicated C creative D a different matter entirely _ Ernest has too many irons in the fire, being in football, tennis, chess club, debate, and student council A too much serious work and not enough fun B too much fun and not enough serious work C more activities than one is capable of doing well D a full schedule _ Merlin has played some rotten tricks on me in the past, but this one was as low as a snake’s belly A mean and nasty B on the ground 76 LEVEL V, UNIT 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 76 C full of mice D hissing and spitting _ When the singer released her first album, critics thought she was going to be the next big star—but she turned out to be just a flash in the pan A commercial success B pretty face C one who fails to meet expectations D one who lacks talent _ Have you played any of the festival games yet? Most of them are like shooting fish in a barrel A involving accuracy B involving hunting C kind of difficult D extremely easy _ Have you seen little Kendra? She is pretty as a picture in her new dress A better looking than in real life B really lovely C cuter than a photograph would reveal D two-dimensional _ Vera is slower than molasses; I’ve been late for class twice this week after walking to school with her A timely B efficient C extremely slow D quick _ 10 I offered Mike a ride home, but he said he’d just as soon walk A rather B get there more quickly C easily D on second thought Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:41:36 PM Analogies Choose the pair of words whose relationship is most similar to that expressed by the pair in capital letters _ WORD : LETTERS :: A email : computer B paper : book C envelope : stamps D paragraph : sentences E maps : atlas _ MASK : FACE :: A rings : fingers B Halloween : costume C face : make-up D costume : body E disguise : trickery _ VILLAGE : CITY :: A hill : mountain B cars : people C river : stream D suburb : town E chaos : peace _ PHONY : GENUINE :: A theory : principle B imitation : faux C sinister : benevolent D priceless : valuable E investment : gain _ PHYSICIAN : CLINIC :: A patient : hospital B bear : cave C student : bus D scientist : experiment E preacher : church _ ANTLERS : DEER :: A rabbit : ears B gills : fish C tusks : elephant D fur : bear E beaver : teeth Sentence Completion Choose the word or word pair that best completes each sentence _ When her best friend moved to Patagonia, Lisa felt _ A morosely B melancholy C pathetically D despised E elated _ The _ fans waited for hours, hoping to be _ backstage A persistent admitted B zealous submitted C excited aloud D adoring noticed E discouraged recruited © EMC Publishing, LLC 0001-0077_Gr10_vocab&spelling-L1-32.indd 77 _ During her trip to Thailand, Kari was able to ride an elephant for the first time; she was _, but felt sorry for the elephant, who seemed bored A thrilled B oblivious C coerced D terrified E inexperienced _ The _ land was _ of vegetation A abandoned scarce B arid full C cultivated evidence D flooded demolished E barren devoid Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling LEVEL V, UNIT 77 4/15/09 12:41:36 PM Answer Key Lesson 1: Word Study Notebook, page forte: one’s strong point (may be pronounced f9rt or f0r t6>) Try It Yourself Lesson 4: Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses, page Responses will vary Students should include the pronunciation, origins, definition, and a sentence illustrating the meaning of the word they choose They may also include a drawing Lesson 2: Word Study Skills, page Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Students should be able to infer that prosaic means “commonplace, uninteresting, or dull.” Responses will vary E x e r c ise B Responses will vary The diagram shows a picture of the movement each of the terms describes E x e r c ise C Responses will vary slightly egocentrism: state where one is overly concerned with his- or herself scalding: burning something unperturbed: not upset or agitated falteringly: in a hesitating or weakening way inaudible: not able to be heard E x e r c ise D relic: souvenir, memento rifle: to ransack especially with the intent to steal cull: to reduce or control the size of by removing weaker animals torrent: a tumultuous outpouring stout: physically or materially strong Lesson 3: PAVE, page Try It Yourself Responses will vary Definitions for each word are given redolent: scented; full of a fragrance ken: range of knowledge or understanding desultory: marked by lack of a definite plan or purpose; not connected with the main subject; disappointing in performance subvert: to overthrow 78 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 78 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Possible responses are given Cryptic, which means “secret” or “mysterious,” comes from the LL (Late Latin) word crypticus, from the Gk (Greek) kryptikos, from the Greek kryptos, meaning “hidden.” It entered English in about 1638 Gregarious, which means “social” or “sociable,” comes from the L (Latin) word gregarius, meaning “of a flock or herd.” It entered English in about 1668 Sheriff, which means “an important official in a shire or county charged with judicial duties,” comes from the Middle English word shirreve, from the Old English (AngloSaxon) words scīr, meaning “shire” or “county,” and gerēfa, the word for a local administrative agent of the king It entered English before the twelfth century Shtick, which means “a show-business routine, gimmick, or gag” or “one’s special trait, interest, or activity,” comes from the Yiddish shtik, meaning “pranks.” That word in turn came from the Middle High German stücke, which came from the Old High German stucki It entered English in about 1959 Curfew, which means “a regulation enjoining the withdrawal of certain persons (usually youth) from the streets,” came from Middle English, from the Middle French covrefeu, a signal given to cover the hearth fire and go to bed, from covrir, “to cover,” plus feu, “fire.” It entered English in the fourteenth century E x e r c ise B Responses will vary E x e r c ise C Responses will vary Possible responses are given We had a fabulous time at the party The colossal mountain loomed up before the climbers Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM Sammy Sosa is a first-rate baseball player Lisa’s weekend was going splendidly until she remembered she had a test on Monday The senator lay awake all night worrying about the momentous decision she would have to make the next day Time Out for Test Practice, page Word Study Skills and PAVE A noun C the origins of the word E Only A and C A It means it is considered incorrect in standard, formal English D jargogle B you want to find an antonym of a word C Predict, Associate, Verify, Evaluate C the third B determine if the sentence you wrote using the word does a good job of capturing its meaning Lesson 5: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes, page 11 Try It Yourself Responses will vary Possible responses are given dis-: disqualify, discover, disaster, dismay, disagree trans-: transfer, translate, transparent, translucent, transatlantic cred: credible, incredible, credulous, credit, discredit scrib: transcribe, scribble, scribe, describe, prescribe -ment: basement, establishment, apartment, government, development © EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 79 Word Parts extro prefix vert word root Type Meaning “outward, outside, beyond” “turn” Definition: One who is outgoing and friendly, or who “looks outside” himself or herself for energy and entertainment omni / present Word Parts omni present Type prefix base word Meaning “all” present Definition: Omnipresent means “all-present,” or being everywhere at once il / leg/ ible il leg ible B peculiar A beloved D commanding A strong B meet D fortunate E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Possible responses are given extro / vert Word Parts Synonyms E x e r c ise B Type prefix word root suffix Meaning “not” “read; choose” “able to be” Definition: Illegible means something that is not able to be read; that is, unreadable re / vital / ize Word Parts re vital ize Type prefix base word suffix Meaning “again” vital “bring about; cause to be” Definition: To revitalize something is to cause it to be vital again Note: You might point out to students that the base word vital can be broken down into the word root vit, meaning “life,” and the suffix -al, meaning “having characteristics of.” dis / astr / ous Word Parts dis astr ous Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling Type prefix word root suffix Meaning “not; opposite of” “star” “possessing the qualities of” level V 79 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM Definition: Disastrous means something that has the qualities of a disaster Originally, the word meant “an unfavorable aspect of a planet or a star.” The current meaning came from the belief that one could read the future through the stars If an unfavorable future was read, this was called a disaster, or a “bad star.” Lesson 6: Words With Multiple Meanings, page 13 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Responses will vary Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate offers eight main definitions for blind as an adjective, two main definitions for blind as a verb, and three main definitions for blind as a noun E x e r c ise B Definition 1: cardinal—n., a crested finch, the male of which is nearly completely red in color Definition 2: cardinal—adj., main; chief; primary Definition 1: fencing—v., selling stolen goods Definition 2: fencing—n., the art or practice of attack and defense with a foil, épee, or saber Definition 1: wax—v., to assume a (specified) characteristic, quality, or state Definition 2: wax—to increase in phase or intensity (used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets) Definition 1: capital—n., money Definition 2: capital—adj., involving execution Definition 1: bearing—n., way of behaving or carrying oneself Definition 2: bearing—n., pl., situation or position, as gauged with the use of a compass Definition 3: bearing—a machine part in which another part turns or slides 80 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 80 Lesson 7: Connotation and Denotation, page 15 Try It Yourself Responses will vary Possible responses are given A child who innocently asks a lot of questions might be described as curious or inquisitive Since the questions are innocent, nosy or snoopy are not appropriate A politician who has accepted a bribe might best be described as corrupt, or more informally as crooked Villainous might also work, although it seems to imply a more vicious or evil act Devious could also work, but it may have the wrong emphasis, as it connotes a cunning or deliberately deceptive act People in a nursing home might be described as elderly or aged Old is a more generic term, with fewer connotations of respect, whereas vintage is more often used to describe objects A dad who is “tight” with his money might be described as miserly by his disgruntled and hyperbolic teenage son or daughter, although he might describe himself as thrifty, frugal, or conservative, terms with more positive connotations The words unique and quirky might be better choices, as they have positive connotations, whereas strange has slightly negative connotations and different is rather neutral and noncommittal A child who doesn’t tell the truth might be described as a liar or fibber A perjurer is one who tells a lie in a court of law, and fabricator, while having the correct meaning, is slightly more formal in tone A delicious meal in a fancy restaurant might best be described as exquisite or fine The words delicate and admirable don’t fit quite as well, although delicate could describe a flavor, and the chef’s efforts could be described as admirable An honest businessperson might best be described as a merchant or trader The word dealer has negative connotations, as in “wheeler-dealer,” and the word trafficker has acquired similarly negative connotations through association with the phrase drug trafficking Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM Someone who has committed a terrible crime would best be described as contemptible The other words are far too light 10 Money stolen from a school desk might best be described as filched Smuggled connotes something imported or exported, or hiding something from inspectors Pilfering implies stealing repeatedly in small amounts Embezzling usually describes the stealing of money that is entrusted to one’s care, as money at one’s place of work Lesson 8: Context Clues, page 17 Try It Yourself Responses will vary Possible responses are given transport—carry away impeded—held back obstructed—blocked miscarried—went wrong rheumatic—suffering from rheumatism, or arthritis scheme—arrangement, order accumulations—things that are accumulated, such as wealth and possessions capacity—ability epitome—typical example 10 admonished—reminded 11 threshold—doorstep, beginning 12 flitting—moving around quickly or abruptly 13 gravities—dignities, seriousness 14 inertia—quality of not tending to move or change 15 imminent—ready to take place; on its way Time Out for Test Practice, page 19 Defining Word Parts B half B not D again D without A capable of C having characteristics of B believe D hear A city 10 C people 11 C self 12 D one © EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 81 Using Context Clues A inadequate supply B untouched A skilled D old A hardworking B later D time before birth C stalled B isolation 10 A series of three books 11 D plants whose fruit grows in pods 12 C brave Lesson 9: Word Origins, page 21 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Etymology from MerriamWebster’s Dictionary is provided below coach [Middle English coche, from Middle French, from German Kutsche derived from Hungarian kocsi (szekér), literally meaning “wagon from Kocs, Hungary”] bankrupt [modification of Middle French & Old Italian; Middle French word banqueroute; bankruptcy from Old Italian word bancarotta, from banca, “bank,” + rotta, “broken,” from Latin rupta, feminine form of ruptus, past participle of rumpere which means “to break”] chivalry [from the Middle English word chivalrie, from the Anglo-French word chevalerie, from chevalier which means “knight”] horde [Middle French, German, & Polish; from the Polish word horda, from Ukrainian dialect gorda, alteration of the Ukrainian word orda, from Old Russian, from the Turkic word orda or ordu khan’s residence] mammoth [from the Russian words mamont and mamot] E x e r c ise B NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival or Employment and Training Administration) Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V 81 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM E x e r c ise C Responses will vary Lesson 11: Word Families from Greek and Latin Roots, page 25 Lesson 10: Place Names, page 23 Try It Yourself Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary based on research material used Washington—named after George Washington, the first president of the United States Oklahoma—a Choctaw word meaning “red people,” probably created from the Choctaw words ukla meaning “people” and huma meaning “red” Rhode Island—Dutch for “red island,” named “Roodt Eylandt” by Dutch explorer Adrian Block, it was anglicized when the region came under British rule Pennsylvania—named after William Penn, means “Penn’s woods” Georgia—Georgia is the feminine Latin form of “George;” named after King George II of England Maine—named after Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I of England; she was said to have owned the province of Mayne in France Maryland—in honor of Henrietta Maria (queen of Charles I of England) New York—in honor of the Duke of York Alabama—Alabama comes from a Choctaw word meaning “plant cutters” 10 Vermont—from the French “verd mont,” or “green mountain” E x e r c ise B Jefferson City, MO—named in honor of Thomas Jefferson Mississippi River—from Algonquian words meaning “big river” Milwaukee, WI—based on a Native American word meaning “council place” or “good lands” Palo Alto, CA—from Spanish words meaning “tall tree” Lincoln, NE—named after Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States Students may define the word parts as follows, then discuss how each word’s meaning relates to the shared word part Definitions of each word in the groups are given for your convenience -Ology is a combining form meaning “the study of” or “the science of.” oncology: the study of tumors; geology: science of the earth’s physical history, particularly as recorded in rocks; lexicology: the study of words; astrology: study of the positions of the stars and planets and their supposed effects on human affairs; biology: the study of living organisms Ver is a word root meaning “truth.” veracity: truthfulness; veritable: actual; true; versimilitude: the appearance of being true or real; verify: to check or establish the truth of something; verdict: judgment Spir is a word root meaning “breathe.” perspire: to give off sweat; inspire: to cause a thought or feeling, to bring about, also to inhale; respiration: the process of breathing; spirometer: an instrument for measuring the air entering and leaving the lungs; spirit: a force within a human being thought to give the body life, energy, and power Verb is a base word meaning “a word that expresses an act.” It stems from the Latin verbum, meaning “word.” verbiage: the wording of something; verbose: wordy; verbicide: the intentional misuse of a word; adverb: a word that modifies a verb or another adverb; proverb: a traditional saying Peri- is a prefix meaning “all around.” perimeter: the measurement around something; pericardium: the lining around the heart; perihelion: the point in the path of a planet that is nearest to the sun; peripheral: having to with the outward bounds of something, as a field of vision; periscope: a device that provides a view all around or on all sides E x e r c ise C Responses will vary 82 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 82 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM Lesson 12: English Words from French, page 27 Lesson 14: English Words from Asian Languages, page 31 Try It Yourself Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Possible responses are given tsunami—a great sea wave From Japanese tsu, “harbor,” + nami, “wave” karaoke—a device that plays the instrumental part of a popular song, enabling the user to sing the lyrics From Japanese kara, “empty,” + ōke, short for ōkesutora, “orchestra.” judo—a sport developed from jujitsu that emphasizes the use of quick movement and leverage to throw an opponent From Japanese jūdō, from jū, meaning “weakness; gentleness” and dō, “art.” amok—in a frenzied or uncontrolled manner From the Malay word amok, meaning “a murderous frenzy.” shanghai—to put by trickery into an undesirable place From the city of Shanghai in eastern China It was once common practice for British sailors to be drugged and placed on ships by force Once they woke up, they were often well on their way to a remote port, such as Shanghai tycoon—a top leader or a businessman of exceptional wealth and power From Japanese taikun gung ho—extremely or overly zealous or enthusiastic From the Chinese word gōnghé Some U.S Marines adopted this term as their motto, interpreting it to mean “work together.” yen—craving or longing From the Chinese yīn-yáhn, meaning a craving that addicts felt for the drug opium taboo—forbidden or banned because of beliefs or morality From the Tongan tabu 10 batik—a fabric hand-printed by an Indonesian method of coating with wax the parts not to be dyed From Javanese batik sarong— a loose garment made of a long strip of cloth wrapped around the body From the Malay sarong Students will probably say that the sentences sound less formal when they use words from Old English in place of words borrowed from French Rather than buy the book, Bob hid it under his clothes and stole it The wedding will start at 7:00 at the house My friends told me that they wished to eat E x e r c ise B The definition and pronunciation are given for each word Students should also write a sentence using each word faux pas (f9 p5>): a social error camouflage (ka> m@ fl5zh): something that helps to conceal or disguise macabre (m@ k5b>): having to with death; gruesome; horrific coup d’état (k2 d6 t5>): the overthrow of a government panache (p@ nash>): dash or flamboyance Lesson 13: English Words from Spanish, page 29 Try It Yourself Responses will vary Possible responses are given Students should use each word in an original sentence mustang—from Mexican Spanish mestengo, originally from Spanish mesteño, meaning “strayed” papaya—originally from Arawak papáia canyon—from Spanish cañon desperado—from Spanish desesperado, meaning “desperate” alligator—from Spanish el lagarto, meaning “lizard” cockroach—from Spanish cucaracha incommunicado—from Spanish incomunicado stampede—from American Spanish estampida, from Spanish estampar © EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 83 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V 83 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM Lesson 15: English around the World, page 33 Lesson 17: Academic Language, page 37 Try It Yourself Try It Yourself Father sped up to pass the truck on the highway Look at that guy on TV! Grandmother told me to put on my best dress for the party The Nelsons went to Paris on vacation Denise got her hair cut today; don’t you like how her bangs frame her eyes? Bobby hit his head when he fell while running down the sidewalk Jason shares an apartment with his cousin, a guy from Southampton After changing the baby, Sarah yelled for Vern to take the dirty diaper to the trash can Mirna went to the pharmacist/pharmacy to have her prescription refilled 10 After spending the afternoon working over the stove, Mrs Burns went to relax a moment in the yard E x e r c ise A Lesson 16: Informal and Archaic Language, page 35 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary slightly elden: to grow old; age evenhood: equality burdalane: last surviving child in a family eldmother: grandmother; ancestor whingle: complain or whine E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Possible responses are given Hello, how are you? Goodness, I am surprised you allowed her to borrow your vehicle Friend, you must return the money you borrowed I am in trouble That was amazing! E x e r c ise C Responses will vary 84 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 84 Responses will vary Possible responses are given These words share the prefix sym-, meaning “with, together.” The word symbolism might be found in a literature class, symbiosis in a biology class, symmetrical in a geometry class, and symphony in a music class These words share the word part graph, meaning “something written, drawn, or represented by graphics.” The word autobiography might be found in a literature class, geography and topographical in a social studies or geography class, and lithograph in an art or art history class These words share the prefix is- or iso-, meaning “equal; uniform.” The word isometrics might be found in a physical education class, isomer and isotope in a chemistry or science class, and isosceles in a geometry class These words share the word part metr or -metry, meaning “measure,” “measuring,” or “having to with measure.” The word trigonometry might be found in a math or trigonometry class, pentameter in a poetry or literature class, and diameter and perimeter in a geometry class These words share the word part -cracy, meaning “form of government” or “social or political class.” All of them might be found in a social studies, political science, or history class Time Out for Test Practice, page 39 Borrowed Words A mesa D karaoke D diplomat D typhoon A déjà vu B per capita C spiel A bagel B al fresco 10 D influenza 11 B mocha Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:45 PM 12 C eureka 13 D fjord 14 B bazaar 15 C algebra Lesson 19: Semantic Mapping, page 43 Word Parts from Greek and Latin Lesson 20: Spelling Rules and Tips, page 45 Try It Yourself Responses will vary D writing about one’s own life C diameter C the study D a state with no government A water B fear B books B polytheistic Lesson 18: Categorizing and Classifying Vocabulary, page 41 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Students should classify the math terms as follows: Actions in math: add, calculate, divide, multiply, subtract Measurements in math: area, circumference, diameter, radius, median Types of numbers: fraction, factor, exponent, square root, quotient Students may classify the literary terms as follows (group labels may vary): Genres of literature: drama, folklore, nonfiction, poetry, science fiction Types of figurative language: analogy, metaphor, personification, simile Elements of plot: climax, conflict, dénouement, inciting incident, resolution E x e r c ise B Students may sort the words as follows You may point out to them that they have now identified the only three English words ending in -ceed, the only English word ending in -sede, and the most common English words ending in -cede Words ending in (or containing) -cede: accede, antecede, cede, concede, intercede, precede, recede, secede Words ending in -ceed: exceed, proceed, succeed Words ending in -sede: supersede Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A campaign plight kneed descent benign glistened wrinkled obscene abscess 10 slaughter E x e r c ise B enough blasphemy deference aphorism fraught tch or ch reattach dispatch stitch chastisement 10 latch Lesson 21: More Spelling Patterns: Plurals, ei/ie, ceed/sede/cede, page 47 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A sopranos crutches apartment complexes Tuesdays bullies videos trenches personalities E x e r c ise B The oxen swished their tails and stamped their hooves (or hoofs), trying to shake the flies off their backs © EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 85 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V 85 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM My brothers are a couple of couch potatoes; most Saturdays they nothing but sit around in their pajamas watching cartoons The experts gave several different analyses of the situation No errors The police received several calls from people who claimed they had seen UFOs; however, the reports turned out to be hoaxes E x e r c ise C deceive, shrieked, niece, disbelief chief, seized, counterfeit, thief weird, neighbor, beige, leisure conceited, conceded, recede succeed, proceed, exceed Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A The correct spelling of each word is given Students must also write a sentence using each word perceivable dissimilar categories jollier unnecessary E x e r c ise B Responses will vary The final consonant of a word is doubled before a suffix beginning with a vowel when the final consonant is preceded by a single vowel (not when preceded by a double vowel as in “heater,” nor when preceded by a consonant as in “performance”) and when, in the case of a multisyllabic word, the final syllable is stressed Time Out for Test Practice, page 51 B unecessary E No mistakes A fataly C shabbyness D compareable B noticable A truely D tyrannycal 86 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 86 Using Spelling Patterns A when the y follows a consonant C All of the above C not change the spelling of the word A church B sheep D children C long e; c D succeed A supersede 10 B cede Lesson 23: Syntax, page 53 Lesson 22: Spelling Patterns with Affixes, page 49 Spelling with Affixes C dissarray 10 B grieveous Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses may vary slightly If I study for the final, I will well Neva was worried about her sick aunt You’re wasting my time I tried to print out the assignment, but the computer crashed The babysitter wanted to earn fifty dollars The car flew over the embankment! The cop had to protect the terrified witness Carlos was unaware of the surprise party We are saving money for the vacation 10 He ate the burger and fries E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Lesson 24: Commonly Confused Words, page 55 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A The chemistry test was even more painful and torturous than the students had feared My grandfather counseled me never to accept a bribe Because of his poor grades, Lionel was not eligible to play on the school football team As we began our descent down the mountain, the guide warned us to proceed with caution Sheldon said that his poetry was too personal to share with anyone else Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM E x e r c ise B In ancient Greece and Rome, singers and bards used to travel from town to town sharing myths and legends One such tale is the story of Dædalus and Icarus In the story, Dædalus and his son Icarus try to escape from the island of Crete by flying on wings Their plan might have worked, except that young Icarus began to fly higher and higher, up nearer the sun, against his father’s advice not to fly too high or too low So jubilant was the boy that he failed to notice that danger was imminent The wax that held the wings together began to melt and down went Icarus in a rapid and deadly descent to the sea One moral of the story is that it is better to keep to a middle course than to go to extremes Lesson 25: Using Mnemonic Devices, page 57 Try It Yourself Responses will vary Students may use the techniques suggested in the lesson to create mnemonic sayings such as “We ate the cheese we had grated,” or “The fisherman reeled in an eel.” Or, they may draw pictures or think of other memory tricks to aid them in distinguishing between the commonly confused pairs Lesson 26: Word Meanings in Synonyms, Antonyms, Homophones, and Homographs, page 59 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary slightly Possible responses are provided below remote synonyms: distant, faraway, removed antonyms: close, adjacent impregnable synonyms: indomitable, invulnerable, unbeatable, safe, secure, defended, protected antonyms: exposed, open, susceptible lament synonyms: deplore, bemoan, grieve, moan, weep antonyms: exult, rejoice taciturn synonyms: silent, reserved, reticent, tight© EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 87 lipped, uncommunicative, wordless antonyms: chatty, talkative, uninhibited, unreserved, unrestrained E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Time Out for Test Practice, page 61 Commonly Confused Words C use to C Lead B advise D throughly B cite Words with Multiple Meanings D an unforeseen difficulty or obstacle C move forward slowly and steadily D peak C give shelter or refuge to A chief commodity A trace of an added hue Lesson 27: Literal and Figurative Meanings, page 63 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary F (figurative) Most people’s parents are not limber enough to backflips The sentence uses an exaggeration for effect F (figurative) Few, if any, shopping malls are large enough to accommodate a million shoppers; furthermore, the person making the observation is unlikely to have had the means to count each individual In this sentence, “a million” probably means “a large number.” L (literal) Sadly, it is true that many people are literally dying of hunger F (figurative) To “bite one’s head off” is a common figurative expression meaning “to snap at” or to attack with words L (literal) The expression “losing one’s marbles” is often used figuratively to mean “losing one’s mind”; however, this sentence seems to indicate that actual marbles were lost, since “John” was able to find more at the toy store Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V 87 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Possible responses are given Simone’s heart melted when she saw the kitten Meaning: Simone had strong feelings of affection for the kitten New sentence: The ice cream melted when we left it sitting out Our team pulverized the opponents Meaning: Our team dramatically defeated the opponents New sentence: The machine pulverized the rocks, grinding them down into sand The people rebelled, having carried the yoke of oppression for too long Meaning: The people rebelled, having endured oppression for too long New sentence: The oxen strained under the yoke as they pulled the plow through the fields After going dormant over the winter, the bonsai tree suddenly exploded with leaves Meaning: Many leaves sprouted at once New sentence: The dynamite exploded Lorenzo really wants to be a successful musician someday, but in the meantime, he earns his bread and butter by working in a factory Meaning: Lorenzo earns his money by working in a factory New sentence: Bread and butter is a really bland meal Lesson 28: Idioms, Metaphors, and Similes, page 65 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary The meaning and probable etymology for each idiom is given Encourage students to consult a dictionary of idioms, such as James Rogers’s Dictionary of Clichés (Random House) or Jordan Almond’s Dictionary of Word Origins (Citadel Press) to complete this activity Some definitions below are adapted from those sources burn the midnight oil—to stay up late In the past, people staying up past sundown would have to use an oil lamp to work or study fly off the handle—to lose control from 88 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 88 anger This phrase may refer to the fact that if one chops wood too vigorously, the axe blade may fly off the handle when the chips are down—when the situation is urgent; when risk is involved This saying may derive from games such as poker in which the money being bet is represented by chips When the chips are down, the bet has been made and the player risks losing money if his hand is not good when pigs fly—never (as in, “I’ll look for that to happen when pigs fly”) Since pigs never fly, this is simply a colorful way of saying that something will never happen dressed to the nines—dressed in a highly showy manner; dressed in one’s best According to some sources, this expression was originally “dressed to the eyne,” eyne being the Old English word for “eyes.” A person dressed to the eyes would be covered in clothes from head to toe E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Possible responses are given In this passage, brothers is used as a metaphor Translation: “Your thoughts are related to, or similar to, my thoughts.” In this passage, the writer uses the metaphor her cup had run over Translation: “Rosa Parks could not take any more.” The word necklace is used figuratively to mean “something that encircles.” The ghettos encircle, or surround, the children’s neighborhood Translation: “ Mira and I had never ventured into the ghettos that encircled our neighborhood.” When writing, one does not literally struggle to get one’s footing; one’s fingertips not get all red and frozen and torn up The writer is making an analogy to explain how difficult writing can be (Both similes and metaphors are types of analogies.) Translation: “Writing is difficult One must struggle to figure out how to say what one means, and this can be a painful process.” Lesson 29: Allusions, page 67 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Possible responses are given Encourage students to consult reference works to answer these questions Garden of Eden—according to the book of Genesis in the Bible, the Garden of Eden was a paradise God created for the first people, Adam and Eve Adam and Eve were forced to leave the Garden because they disobeyed God by eating the forbidden fruit Benedict Arnold—The name of Benedict Arnold (1741–1801), a general who betrayed his side in favor of the British during the American Revolution, has come to be synonymous with “traitor.” Red Sea—The book of Exodus in the Bible tells of how the prophet Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt The Pharaoh’s army caught up with them at the shores of the Red Sea, but at God’s command, Moses held up his staff and the waters parted so that the Jews could escape wisdom of Solomon—Solomon was a great king of the ancient Hebrews, who is believed to have taken power in about 970 bc He is portrayed in the Bible as being extremely wise Most often cited as proof of his wisdom is the story in Kings 16–28, in which he solves a dispute between two women who both claim the same baby fiddling while Rome burns—Alludes to the supposed actions of Nero, emperor of Rome from ad 54–68 During his rule, a great fire destroyed much of the city It was said that while the fire blazed, Nero recited poetry and fiddled on his lyre People in positions of power or responsibility may be accused of “fiddling while Rome burns” if they show indifference to a great tragedy or are off somewhere having fun during a crisis valuable and impressionable children bleeding-heart liberals hands-off parenting juvenile lawbreakers infest foul imagery moral decay E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Lesson 31: Standardized Test Preparation, page 71 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Rap is a type of music A horse lives in, or is kept in, a stable A watch is worn on the wrist Jovial is the opposite of morose In a play, a scene is part of an act 6–10 Responses will vary E x e r c ise B C scrutiny B stagnant D replenished malnutrition E querulous vex B reticent cajoled Lesson 32: Expanding and Applying Your Word Knowledge, page 74 Try It Yourself E x e r c ise A Responses will vary Students should create a word study notebook entry for the word bloviate Each entry should include the word’s definition, pronunciation, and origins, along with an example sentence or drawing E x e r c ise B Responses will vary Lesson 30: Language in the Media, page 69 E x e r c ise C Try It Yourself Time Out for Test Practice, page 76 E x e r c ise A Idioms and Figures of Speech Responses should include the following fine depraved dark arts occult © EMC Publishing, LLC 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 89 Responses will vary B in a difficult situation A totally and completely D a different matter entirely Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling level V 89 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM C more activities than one is capable of doing well A mean and nasty C one who fails to meet expectations D extremely easy B really lovely C extremely slow 10 A rather Analogies D paragraph : sentences A hill : mountain E preacher : church D costume : body C sinister : benevolent C tusks : elephant Sentence Completion B melancholy A persistent admitted A thrilled E barren devoid 90 level V 0078-0090_Gr10_vocab&spelling-AK.indd 90 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC 4/15/09 12:42:46 PM ... mentioned above: modeling the use of strategies, creating a word-rich classroom, and fostering curiosity vi level V 000i-00vi_Gr10_vocab &spelling- FM.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling. .. experienced advisors to help compensate for her weak point Predict Associate Verify Evaluate LEVEL V, UNIT 000 1-0 077_Gr10_vocab &spelling- L 1-3 2.indd Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling ©... a far-seeing wisdom Perspicacious and astute have different shades of meaning as well 16 LEVEL V, UNIT 000 1-0 077_Gr10_vocab &spelling- L 1-3 2.indd 16 Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling