Writers choice vocabulary and spelling strategies and practice grade 9

Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Grade i_ii_Anc_889783.indd 4/7/08 3:41:18 PM Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the program Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 978-0-07-889783-2 MHID: 0-07-889783-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 079 12 11 10 09 08 i_ii_Anc_889783.indd 4/7/08 3:41:18 PM Contents Vocabulary for Writing in the Real World A Letter from Sandra Cisneros Chavez and the Quest for Human Interest Stories Ross Scripts Big Bessone Profiles a Winner Winckler Tracks Cacti At the Movies Literature Vocabulary I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings The Kitchen God’s Wife The Crystal Cave How the García Girls Lost Their Accents 10 Of Wolves and Men 11 “Skeletons in the Attic” 12 Learning from Context Definition 13 Example 14 Comparison 15 Contrast 16 Cause and Effect 17 Word Roots and Compounds Word Roots and Base Words 18 Word Roots I 19 Word Roots II 20 Word Roots III 21 Compound Words 22 Prefixes Prefixes Meaning “Not” 23 Prefixes That Tell When 24 Prefixes That Tell Where 25 Prefixes That Tell How Much or How Well 26 Suffixes Nouns 27 Adjectives 28 Verbs 29 iii Contents Suffix Patterns I [-ment, -er] 30 Suffix Patterns II [-ify, -ification, -ifier] 31 Suffix Patterns III [-ate, -ator, -ation] 32 Suffix Patterns IV [-er, -ation] 33 Suffix Patterns V [-ion, -ive] 34 Using the Dictionary and Thesaurus Using a Dictionary: Multiple Meanings 35 Using a Thesaurus: Synonyms 36 Using a Dictionary: Word Origins 37 Using Spelling Rules Spelling ie and ei 38 Spelling -cede, -ceed, and -sede 39 Spelling Unstressed Vowels 40 Adding Prefixes 41 Suffixes and the Silent e 42 Suffixes and the Final y 43 Doubling the Final Consonant 44 Adding -ly 45 Adding -ness 46 Forming Compound Words 47 Forming Plurals: General Rules 48 Forming Plurals: Special Rules 49 Mastering Troublesome Words Words Easily Confused 50 Frequently Misspelled Words I 51 Frequently Misspelled Words II 52 Answers 53 iv Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date A Letter from Sandra Cisneros Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 4–7 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of letter writing Say each word to yourself, and then answer the questions that follow rant meditating salutation visualize meanderings recipient rave stationery intimidating shorthand ■ A Relating Words to Concepts Which words on the list refer to thinking? How are recipient and salutation related? Which word best sums up what the activity of letter writing means to Cisneros? For a writer, how are shorthand notes different from meanderings? ■ B Using Words in Sentences Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Complete each sentence with a word from the list You may need to change the form of the word Just as a stream in its course, a person’s thoughts can wander when writing to a friend Many writers find a blank computer screen less than a blank sheet of paper The of the pale blue letter left it on the silver platter with the seal unbroken When you write a letter to a friend, yourself having a casual face-toface conversation in a comfortable setting Frank always writes to his parents on that looks like fine parchment Antonio was not enthusiastic about the movie after he read the review, but he couldn’t stop about the movie after he saw it Marcia, on the other hand, on and on about how flat and boring the characters were I knew immediately that the letter was from my brother, because he used his nickname for me in the In his letter, he on the pros and cons of attending a large state university 10 Hannah had obviously dashed off the postcard in haste because it was written in Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Chavez and the Quest for Human-Interest Stories Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 54–57 Key Information The list below includes words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of feature writing Say each word to yourself, and then answer the questions that follow anecdote ancestor descendant monotonous allotted genealogy rhythm copy journalist generation ■ A Exploring Word Meanings Which words could be grouped under the heading “Feature Writing”? What might you introduce with an anecdote? What are some ways a writer can avoid sounding monotonous? Which words could be grouped under the heading “Family History”? ■ B Inferring Meaning from Examples Write a word from the list that matches each example below the time period between the birth of parents and the birth of their offspring assigned television reporter; magazine writer; newspaper reporter a regular drum beat the final draft manuscript for a feature article; script read by a news announcer a history of a family; an account of all the people descended from Rufus Putnam using sentences of all the same length in an article; using the same words too many times in an essay an incident on a bus; a story about an embarrasing experience 10 a blood relative from a later generation Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc the great-grandparents of your great-grandparents; prehistoric humans Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Ross Scripts Big Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 134–137 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of screenwriting Say each word to yourself embark pavilion nostalgic portent fragile tentative evoke vibrant transformed alliteration ■ A Word Association To complete each word cluster, add a word from the list above that is closely associated with the other three words poetry, consonants, repetition, _ call forth, re-create, suggest, _ different, other, changed, uncertain, tryout, shy, life, activity, vigorous, ■ B Rewriting Sentences Rewrite each sentence using one of the words from the list Revise each sentence as you rewrite Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc When Josh entered the arcade, he was unaware that he was about to set off on a journey into adulthood As Josh watches two boys playing baseball, he longs for the innocent pleasures of childhood again The refreshments at the garden party were in a light, open building The backdrop of glowering clouds seemed to be a predictor of the misfortune that would befall Caesar at the hands of his enemies in the Roman senate Even more delicate than the bride’s veil were the flowers in her bouquet Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Bessone Profiles a Winner Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 176–179 Key Information Listed below are important words for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of sportswriting Say each word to yourself, and then answer the questions that follow compelling disciplined empathize traumatic triathlon crucial conflict dynamic rehabilitation minimal ■ A Relating Words to Concepts Which two words relate to Jim MacLaren’s injury, as described in Writing in the Real World? Which words could be used to describe a sports event? Which words could describe an athlete? Which word has to with feelings? ■ B Completing Sentences Complete each sentence below so that the meaning of the underlined word is clear Use a dictionary to check meanings as needed Because the damage to the car was minimal, my father I couldn’t believe that at the most crucial part of the story Ken Mitchell could empathize with Jim MacLaren because _ Only athletes should enter a triathlon because _ After I saw how _, I knew the game would be dynamic Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Which word relates to the idea of persistence? Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Winckler Tracks Cacti Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 224–227 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of nature writing Read each word analogy taxonomist esteem species disparage tawdry partiality organism lurid botany ■ A Relating Known and Unknown Words Match each word or phrase below with a synonym from the list Refer to the dictionary as needed eager _ comparison _ cheaply showy _ respect _ sort _ ■ B Using Words in Sentences Write a sentence that relates each pair of words Refer to Writing in the Real World and a dictionary as needed Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc disparage/esteem species/taxonomist organism/botany species/partiality lurid/tawdry Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date At the Movies Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 284–287 Key Information Below is a list of words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World and elements of movies and movie reviewing Read each word stereotype documentary critique crucial melodramatic theatrical deadline genre insights contrived slapstick montage ■ A Word Association In each word group, circle the word that does not belong with the other two words Then write the uncircled words on the line deadline, crucial, theatrical stereotype, montage, contrived _ genre, documentary, deadline slapstick, critique, insights _ theatrical, melodramatic, crucial ■ B Recognizing Examples of a Word critique: a movie review; a description of a landscape; an oral evaluation of a poem documentary: a film about the major battles of World War II; an objective film about a scientific discovery; a film version of a novel montage: a mosaic of different images on the movie screen; two photographs of the same person on one page of a book; a jumble of many different pictures on a bulletin board slapstick: a subtle comedy about raising a family; a funny cartoon with lots of chase scenes; a comedy stressing the pranks of clowns genre: dramatic movies; documentary movies; the movie Gone with the Wind Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc In each item below, circle the word or phrase that is not an example of the underlined word On the line, briefly explain your answer Refer to a dictionary if you need to Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 46 Adding -ness Key Information When adding -ness to a word that ends in n, always keep the n plain + ness = plainness mean + ness = meanness ■ A Building Words Write each word with an -ness ending thin brazen common keen sudden ■ B Identifying Spelling Errors Some of the sentences contain a misspelled word If all the words in the sentence are correct, write correct on the line If you find an error, cross out the word and write the correct spelling on the line The thinness of the wolf was evidence of weeks of unsuccessful hunting The leaness of the triathlete was evidence of weeks of hard training _ The class gasped at the brazeness of Celia’s question. The class yawned at the commonness of Steve’s question Bret’s stubbornness after losing the election was irrational _ The meanness of the bully’s behavior hinted at his deep-seated anger The plainess of the family’s surroundings hinted at their values _ The group was surprised by the suddeness of Raphael’s gesture _ 10 The group was impressed by the keenness of Raphael’s perceptions. 46 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Eve’s sullenness after losing the election was understandable _ Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 47 Forming Compound Words Key Information When you join two words to form a compound, not drop any of the letters at the end of the first word or at the beginning of the second word life + line = lifeline spot + light = spotlight ■ A Combining Word Parts Combine a word from the list with each numbered word to form a common compound boat post plane air sit house + = baby + = lamp + = row + = hot + = Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Using Words in Sentences Complete each sentence by writing two compounds formed from the word pairs in the list below Draw a line through each word pair as you use it home + maker sea + floor fire + fighter house + keeper spot + light after + noon light + house space + craft baby + sit hot + house As the from the swept across the harbor, we caught sight of the moored tugboats Because Felicia had to her younger brothers all , she missed the chance to go to the matinee If the helicopter had not recovered the from the ocean, it might have sunk all the way to the Although the two words are similar, a and a are not the same thing You are more likely to find a tropical plant than a at a Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 47 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 48 Forming Plurals: General Rules Key Information Noun Ending ch, s, sh, x, or z General Rule Add es Example wish—wishes church—churches consonant + y Change y to i and add es candy—candies vowel + y Add s way—ways consonant + o Add es hero—heroes f or ff Add s roof—roofs If Change f to v and add es shelf—shelves fe Change f to v and add s life—lives Common exceptions: solo—solos, photo—photos thief—thieves, loaf—loaves ■ A Identifying Misspelled Words Cross out the misspelled word in each set of plurals Write the correctly spelled word on the line boys, ways, rayes campuses, churchs, foxes historys, dairies, candies photos, solos, heros rooves, thieves, loaves ■ B Analyzing Word Parts If the singular form of the word is given, write its plural If the plural is given, write its singular form 48 loaves boy calf shelves _ echo _ fox photos _ campuses _ belief 10 dairy Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc English nouns form plurals in many ways Most nouns simply add s The following table shows some other ways of forming plural nouns and some common exceptions to these patterns Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 49 Forming Plurals: Special Rules Key Information A few plurals have special plural forms or are exceptions to the general rules listed on page 48 The following table lists these special plurals and some examples Types of Words proper names To Form Plurals Add either s or es Examples Smith—Smiths Valdez—Valdezes one-word compounds Follow general rules for plurals rowboat—rowboats blueberry—blueberries hyphenated compounds or two-word compounds Make the most important word plural (usually) brother-in-law—brothers-in-law attorney general—attorneys general nouns with irregular forms These nouns not follow any rules mouse—mice child—children nouns with same singular and plural form Use same form as singular sheep—sheep fish—fish Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ A Spelling Words Correctly Find five words that are plurals in the puzzle below The words go from left to right or top to bottom Write each plural and its singular form on the lines MO U F I S H L D E Z _ E B G V AHD I M S M _ B L U E B E R R I E S _ R T RWN E O A C T B _ OHMG E P C N E R A _ MB R O L S M I T H S ■ B Using Words in Sentences Complete each sentence using the appropriate plurals from the chart at the top of the page Both of Willa’s sisters are married, so she has two Both the and the were able to attend the parents’ lunch at the school The spent more than an hour in the on the lake The from all fifty states met to discuss legal matters at the state level Over the winter the had eaten the grain in the barn that was meant for the Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 49 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 50 Words Easily Confused Key Information Some words are easily confused because they contain similar sounds Other confusing words are homophones, words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spellings Some examples are given below Try to become familiar with these words so you will know how to spell them correctly Words accept except Meanings receive willingly leave out, exclude altogether all together entirely everyone in one place capital capital wealth city that is the seat of government building in which a legislature meets capitol complement compliment something that completes or makes up a whole flattering remark Words holy holey wholly Meanings sacred having holes completely; fully its it’s possessive pronoun contraction of it is principal principal principle most important (adjective) person with leading position assumption, rule weather whether outdoor conditions if ■ A Using Words in Sentences Write the appropriate word from the chart to complete each sentence Joan said not the color that matters but how the dress fits The family stood on the front steps of the house for the photograph Gina did not know she would finish the project on time At the , the House and Senate were debating a bill about clean air ■ B Identifying Misspelled Words Cross out the incorrect phrase in each pair Then write the phrase on the line with the underlined word spelled correctly a wholly pair of jeans, wholly in agreement _ except an award, except someone from a duty _ an underlying principal of the Constitution, a principal means of travel comes with it’s own batteries, it’s a winner complement given to a hostess, a full complement of soldiers _ 50 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The city of Jerusalem is to Christians, Jews, and Muslims Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 51 Frequently Misspelled Words I Key Information Below is a list of words that are frequently misspelled Circle the words on the list that you find difficult to spell abdomen boulevard coming division entertainment February government hippopotamus incidentally jewelry kneel laboratory misspell niece occasion pneumonia quietly restaurant separate theory usually vacuum Wednesday yacht ■ A Identifying Spelling Errors Each sentence contains two spelling errors Cross out each incorrect word and write the correctly spelled word above it On Wensday Eric saw a truck pulling a yacht down the boulavard The hippopotamous floated quitely in the water My neice, who recovered from neumonia in March, will be coming on the canoe trip Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc On two seperat occasions, Maureen left a piece of jewlry at the laboratory sink Dwight mentioned incidently that the word restaurant was mispelled on the sign ■ B Using Words in Phrases Write a word from the list at the top of the page to create a meaningful phrase three divisions of the federal fresh peanuts in a -sealed container the chemistry by to a conclusion a of how the solar system was formed Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 51 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Frequently Misspelled Words II 52 Key Information Listed below are some more words that are frequently misspelled Circle the words on the list that you have trouble spelling admission biscuit canoe dilemma enormous fulfill guidance height innocent judgment knowledgeable luxurious metaphor neighborhood nuisance orchestra pamphlet quickness rhythm technique unnecessary variety whistle yearn ■ A Spelling Words Correctly Write a word from the list above to complete each line of the word knowledgeable Spell the words across by filling in each set of blanks K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ O _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W_ _ _ _ _ _ L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E D _ _ _ _ _ _ E A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B _ _ _ _ _ _ L 10 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ■ B Using Words in Sentences Write the word from the list at the top of the page that best completes each sentence Use a dictionary as needed If you are the opposite of guilty, you are If you compare the setting sun to an orange lozenge, you are using a To refer to the recurring pattern of accented and unaccented beats in music, you would use the word If you described the way a diver positions her feet, arms, shoulders, and back as she executes a dive, you would be talking about her 52 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Answers ■ PAGE ■ PAGE A Letter from Sandra Cisneros Bessone Profiles a Winner Part A meditating, meanderings, visualize The salutation is the part of the letter that greets and names the recipient Part A traumatic, rehabilitation compelling, dynamic, triathlon disciplined, dynamic empathize disciplined meditating Shorthand describes a quick or brief jotting down of thoughts; meanderings are longer, less directed, and more intricate expressions of thought Part B meanders intimidating recipient visualize stationery 10 raving ranted salutation meditated shorthand ■ PAGE ■ PAGE Chavez and the Quest for Human-Interest Stories Winckler Tracks Cacti Part A journalist, copy You might introduce a speech or a persuasive article with an anecdote Varying sentence length and structure is one way a writer can avoid sounding monotonous genealogy, generation, descendant, ancestor Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Answers should emphasize the following ideas small, not serious intense, important identify, feel with arduous physical effort; long three-part event consisting of running, swimming, and bicycling energetic; active Part B ancestors generation allotted journalist rhythm 10 copy genealogy monotonous anecdote descendant ■ PAGE Ross Scripts Big Part A alliteration evoke transformed tentative vibrant Part B Answers may be similar to the following When Josh entered the arcade, he did not know he would embark on a journey into adulthood As Josh watches the boys playing baseball, he feels nostalgic for his childhood The refreshments at the garden party were in a pavilion The backdrop of glowering clouds seemed to be a portent of bad things to come for Caesar Even more fragile than the bride’s veil were the flowers in her bouquet Part A avid analogy tawdry esteem species Part B Answers will vary; the following sentences are representative Don’t disparage things that I esteem A taxonomist can classify plants and animals according to species and other classifications Botany, the study of plants, is a branch of biology, the study of all living organisms Winckler’s article described species of cactus that she showed partiality toward The tawdry costumes and lurid details were added to the report by the director ■ PAGE At the Movies Part A deadline, crucial stereotype, contrived genre, documentary critique, insights theatrical, melodramatic Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 53 Answers Part B Explanations will vary but should emphasize the elements highlighted below a description of a landscape: because a critique involves criticism and opinion a film version of a novel: because a documentary is a factual, objective presentation, whereas a novel is an invented narrative two photographs of the same person on one page of a book: because a montage consists of many, usually unlike, elements placed close together a subtle comedy about raising a family: because slapstick involves obvious humor and horseplay the movie Gone with the Wind: because a genre is a type or category of artistic work, whereas Gone with the Wind refers to a specific work ■ PAGE ■ PAGE How the García Girls Lost Their Accents I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Part A sufficient essence inedible competent refined incessantly benign aura infuse 10 illiteracy Part B benign illiterate inedible sufficient infuses aura essence refined ■ PAGE The Kitchen God’s Wife 10 tethered bravado diffuse refuge antique Part B Replace increase with wax Replace false confidence with bravado Replace anxiety with apprehension Replace fell back with recoiled Replace gloomy and silent with sullen ■ PAGE 10 Part A steal someone else’s words guide skillfully powerful public speaker flowery find minor faults Part B Answers should emphasize the following resisting authority responsibility or duty prepare, devise, or cook repulsion or hatred settle a disagreement or make up ■ PAGE 11 Of Wolves and Men 10 regal superstitious ottoman metaphor deity Part B Answers should be detailed The following are representative both raw and frying fish, several kinds of peppers, and fresh flowers decorated with hundreds of beads in fabulous patterns he never spends more than a dollar on lunch carried a four-leaf clover with her all day two plump chairs placed opposite the couch and shades of the same color on all the lamps 54 Part A burnished recoil apprehension waxing sullen Part A elude crevice traverse distinctive Part B cached elude simultaneously distinctive splayed (splays) Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade outcropping subtle splay reminiscent 10 reminiscent outcropping traversed crevices subtle Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A hierarchy pungent harmonious frugal ornate The Crystal Cave Answers ■ PAGE 12 “Skeletons in the Attic” Part A Answers should be similar to the following destroyed a large part of investigation, information request provide help, adapt to strikingly unusual, not native to the country store up, gather and hide Part B The following answers are representative Spotted Elk points out that the remains of many of the Native Americans who were decimated by whites in the nineteenth century are stored in museums A chance inquiry with a curator at the Smithsonian subsequently led to the discovery that over 18,000 Native American remains are stored in the museum The unceremonious storing of the skeletons is a desecration of the graves of Native American ancestors, according to Spotted Elk Spotted Elk is staunchly opposed to the hoarding of skeletons by museums While Spotted Elk does not think scientists should treat Native American remains as exotic specimens, she says some tribes are willing to accommodate some degree of study ■ PAGE 13 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Learning from Context: Definition Part A Answers may be similar to the following Definitions should reflect the correct part of speech concise: short and to the point, free of unnecessary detail itinerant: traveling from place to place nepotism: the practice of showing favoritism toward relatives just on the basis of relationship candor: sincerity, honesty, straightforwardness Part B Answers should emphasize the following meanings obsessive: persistently preoccupied preposterous: absurd, contrary to common sense funereal: mournful, befitting a funeral shrewd: showing cleverness and insight articulate: able to express oneself clearly and effectively ■ PAGE 15 Learning from Context: Comparison Part A Answers should be similar to the following likewise; circumspect: careful, prudent, cautious similarly; meager: thin, skimpy, less than what is normal Part B aloof titanic progeny vacuous zenith ■ PAGE 16 Learning from Context: Contrast Part A Answers should be similar to the following Definitions should match the part of speech of the word novice: beginner amenable: willing to follow suggestions or advice exemplary: good enough to deserve imitation prolific: extremely abundant optimist: someone who has a tendency to expect the best possible outcome Part B Answers should emphasize the following meanings completely ineffective, fruitless (a) acting according to what is right, (b) painstaking ■ PAGE 17 Part B Students should write original sentences The following are representative When we cut open the cactus, we could see how succulent, or juicy, the flesh was The speech was surprising in its brevity; that is, we didn’t expect it to be so short Learning from Context: Cause and Effect ■ PAGE 14 Word Roots and Base Words Learning from Context: Example Part A overbearing submission Part A altruistic: unselfish lethal: severely damaging insomnia: inability to sleep enigma: mystery Part B paragon hedonist opaque authentic ■ PAGE 18 Part A fid R human cred R treat via R Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 55 Answers Part B Answers will vary from the common to the unusual, but students should spell roots and base words correctly For roots, be sure the letter combination in the word is truly a root (for example, turnip would not be acceptable for turn) The following responses are representative friendly, friendship, friendless appearing, disappear, appearance audience, auditorium, audition tractor, traction, attractive nonessential, essentially, quintessential brevity, abbreviation misplace, displace, placement malice, malicious, malady ■ PAGE 19 Word Roots I Part A Answers may be similar to the following The person might give orders or constantly interrupt others when they are trying to speak The weather would be mild rather than stormy; it would not threaten the voyage A prejudice is an opinion formed without sufficient knowledge of the facts To manage a situation means to address or “handle” it with skill The writer would show good judgment in using adjectives and would not overuse them manuscript judiciary ■ PAGE 20 Word Roots II Part A (fin) end (vid, vis) see (sci) know Part B omniscient recapped evidence capital decapitated Part A Answers may be similar to the following A narrow board about two feet long mounted on roller skate wheels A jump from an airplane by someone wearing a parachute A boat normally powered by a sail Above one’s head A small ball used in a game where players strike the ball with their hands Part B doeskin roast beef milkweed air bag bookstore 10 part-time houseguest slowdown fail-safe firestorm ■ PAGE 23 Prefixes Meaning “Not” Part A Part B (in) not tolerable inconsolable (im) not mature immaterial (ir) not rational intemperate (non) not essential nonpoisonous (il) not logical displaced Prefixes That Tell When (cap) head (vis) see 10 conscience visions infinite defines invisible Word Roots III 56 Compound Words ■ PAGE 24 ■ PAGE 21 Part A deduced proverb magnanimous ■ PAGE 22 Part A Rewritten sentences should read smoothly and be similar to the following The instructions said to presoak the fabric to tighten the weave The students took a pretest before studying the Middle East, and they also took a posttest The ground crew gave the airplane a thorough preflight inspection The crackers were prepacked in airtight containers before shipping The nickel with Jefferson’s profile on it postdates the buffalo nickel effusive refused Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B domain benevolent predominant Part B duc; lead pour; merger, union magn; great size or quantity word; relating to words education; lead Answers Part B postmortem prenuptial postoperative postdates posthypnotic ■ PAGE 25 Prefixes That Tell Where Part A midair midship midfield midrange midland Part B Answers should emphasize the following meanings extremely cold lower than the basement a floor below the sidewalk underground railway underlying or supporting structure ■ PAGE 26 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Prefixes That Tell How Much or How Well Part A Answers may be similar to the following Limp, wrinkled green beans A person who makes $50 an hour for raking leaves Running so hard that you can barely crawl over the finish line To clean one’s room more thoroughly than ever before A movie with a simple story that is four hours long Measuring the size of a backyard garden to a quarter of an inch A grocery store in which the aisles are so crowded with food boxes that the carts cannot get through Popcorn that is so salty you have to drink three glasses of water after eating it A salesperson who talks on and on about why you should buy a particular pair of sneakers 10 To squirm through a crowd to be the first one admitted to a sale Part B outpitched overabundance oversalted overemphasize outmuscle (ship) condition of being a citizen (al) act of dismissing (acy) quality of being delicate Part B Replace “singer” with vocalist Replace “contestant in the final competition” with finalist Replace “wisdom in conducting the business of government” with statesmanship Replace “domain of the monarch” with kingdom ■ PAGE 28 Suffixes: Adjectives Part A penniless leaden herbal freakish affable Part B Yes, if a patient with the disease improved with medicine or therapy Yes, if the dancer was awkward or stumbled Yes, if the plant could thrive under harsh conditions with very little water No, because a clown is supposed to be zany Yes, if the teacher was friendly and easy to talk to ■ PAGE 29 Suffixes: Verbs Part A Definitions should be similar to the following classify: put into classes, sort, label blacken: make or become black, darken validate: make valid, confirm or support the truth of standardize: make standard, make uniform categorize: place into categories, sort, label Part B quicken orchestrate validate classified sharpen ■ PAGE 30 ■ PAGE 27 Suffix Patterns I Suffixes: Nouns Part A employer, employment advertiser, advertisement manager, management adjustment, adjuster achiever, achievement Part A Students should incorporate the meaning of the suffix in the definition (ist) person who wins a medal (dom) condition of being bored Part B management developer reinforcement argument advertiser Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 57 Answers ■ PAGE 31 ■ PAGE 35 Suffix Patterns II Multiple Meanings Part A Part B justify, justification qualification, qualifier classification, classify intensify, intensifier qualification, qualify justify, justification pacify, pacifier pacification, pacifier sanctify, sanctifier sanctify, sanctification Part A stake (noun): a pointed piece of wood driven into the ground as a marker; stake (verb): to mark with stakes medium: something in a middle position or condition; medium: a means for conveying something Students might also give the definition “a condition in which something can function or thrive.” Suffix Patterns III Part A orate liberation dictate dictator calculator Part B Students may use either noun form and may use plurals The children did not look forward to its termination I asked John if he would take the dictation He used a calculator to figure out the speeds As they flew away, the doves seemed grateful to their liberator ■ PAGE 33 Suffix Patterns IV Part A A transporter is someone who carries things from one place to another; an importer is someone who brings things into a place from an outside source (e.g., into this country from a foreign country) A relaxer is a source or cause of feeling relaxed; relaxation refers to the process of becoming relaxed formation Form means “to shape” or “to make”; conform means “to be similar in shape” or “to go along with existing standards.” Part B conformation importer transportation relaxer formation ■ PAGE 34 Suffix Patterns V Part A Part B reflection, noun possessive, possession create, verb aggression, aggressive action, noun elective, election aggressive, adjective collective, collection reflective, reflection 58 Part B capital: wealth blank: a paper with spaces for entering information expire: come to an end gauge: the thickness of a thin material medium: a means for conveying something ■ PAGE 36 Synonyms Part A frustrated ornate charged stoop thinks 10 lying cling generous deceit angry Part B Students should list ten words including some of the following (in any order) cogitate muse consider ponder contemplate ruminate examine reflect meditate 10 speculate ■ PAGE 37 Word Origins Part A Spanish Italian Nahuatl (Aztec) French Russian Dutch French Spanish French 10 Algonquian ■ PAGE 38 Spelling ie and ei Part A ceiling, beige freight, either height, weight weird thief, receipt Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Part B venison plaza opera moccasin parka Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 32 Answers Part B Sentences should contain one or more words from the following receive, ceiling, receipt piece, thief, belief freight, weight, beige heir, height, either, weird piece, thief, belief (sentence should be different from sentence 2) ■ PAGE 39 Spelling -cede, -ceed, and -sede Part A recede concede proceed supersede intercede Part B recede proceeded supersedes interceded conceded 10 proceedings precedes secede receded exceeded Part B definite hypocrisy opposite definitive hypocritical Part A carrying, studies playful, obeying daily funnier holiness Part B holiness parties carried cried studying ■ PAGE 44 Part A stoppage compelling uncapped conference reckless Part B clearest developed referee reminder compelling ■ PAGE 45 Adding -ly Adding Prefixes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B outrageous changeable careful approval awful Doubling the Final Consonant ■ PAGE 41 Part B dissolved semiannual immobile prearranged illogical Part A careful approval seeing awful canoeing traceable sincerely changeable famous 10 outrageous Suffixes and the Final y Spelling Unstressed Vowels Part A recommend prearrange displease amoral illogical Suffixes and the Silent e ■ PAGE 43 ■ PAGE 40 Part A legal hostile opposition fantasy medicines ■ PAGE 42 10 dissolve unavoidable immobile malfunction semiannual Part A drop the l, fully drop the le, capably keep the l, accidentally keep the l, equally drop the le, probably Part B steely, capably terribly, passably (either order) probably, really fully, occasionally accidentally, smelly ■ PAGE 46 Adding -ness Part A thinness brazenness commonness keenness suddenness Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 59 Answers 10 correct correct plainness suddenness correct ■ PAGE 47 ■ PAGE 50 Forming Compound Words Words Easily Confused Part A air + plane = airplane baby + sit = babysit lamp + post = lamppost row + boat = rowboat hot + house = hothouse Part A holy it’s all together whether capitol Part B spotlight, lighthouse babysit, afternoon spacecraft, seafloor homemaker, housekeeper (either order) firefighter, hothouse Part B a holey pair of jeans accept an award an underlying principle of the Constitution comes with its own batteries compliment given to a hostess ■ PAGE 48 ■ PAGE 51 Forming Plurals: General Rules Frequently Misspelled Words I Part A rays churches histories Part A Wednesday, boulevard hippopotamus, quietly niece, pneumonia separate, jewelry incidentally, misspelled heroes roofs Part B loaf calves echoes photo beliefs 10 boys shelf foxes campus dairies ■ PAGE 49 Forming Plurals: Special Rules Part A M E B R O M O B L T H B U F G V U E R W MG R O I A B N E L S H E E P S H D R O C M L I R A N I D M I C E T E S E T R H Z M S B A S Word pairs may be listed in any sequence The plural should be given first blueberries, blueberry fish, fish mice, mouse sheep, sheep Smiths, Smith 60 Part B brothers-in-law Valdezes, Smiths (either order) children, rowboats attorneys general mice, sheep Part B government vacuum laboratory coming theory ■ PAGE 52 Frequently Misspelled Words II Part A knowledgeable nuisance orchestra whistle luxurious Part B innocent metaphor Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 9 10 dilemma guidance admission biscuit enormous rhythm technique Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B correct leanness brazenness correct correct ... Marcus was gloomy and silent after not making the track team Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 9 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name ... Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Relating Words and Examples Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice. .. Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 17 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 18 Word Roots and Base Words