Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Grade i_ii_Anc_889781.indd 4/7/08 3:19:35 PM Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the program Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 978-0-07-889781-8 MHID: 0-07-889781-5 Printed in the United States of America 10 024 12 11 10 09 08 i_ii_Anc_889781.indd 4/7/08 3:19:36 PM Contents Vocabulary for Writing in the Real World Jenkins Celebrates Life Featuring “The Freep!” Synder Describes Gargoyles Bethancourt Writes “User Friendly” Rand Explains Underwater Mysteries Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call Literature Vocabulary The Diary of Latoya Hunter, Latoya Hunter The Clay Marble, Minfong Ho The Gathering, Virginia Hamilton “A Huge Black Umbrella,” Marjorie Agosín 10 Living Treasure, Laurence Pringle 11 “The Liberry,” Bel Kaufman 12 Learning from Context Definition 13 Example 14 Comparison I 15 Comparison II 16 Contrast I 17 Contrast II 18 Cause and Effect I 19 Cause and Effect II 20 Word Parts Roots I 21 Roots II 22 Prefixes I 23 Prefixes II 24 Suffixes I 25 Suffixes II 26 Synonyms, Antonyms, and Homonyms Synonyms I 27 Synonyms II 28 Antonyms I 29 Antonyms II 30 Homonyms 31 iii Contents Using the Dictionary and Thesaurus Borrowed Words 32 Using a Dictionary I 33 Using a Dictionary II 34 Using a Dictionary III 35 Using a Dictionary IV 36 Using a Thesaurus 37 Using Spelling Rules Spelling ie and ei 38 Unstressed Vowels 39 Adding Prefixes 40 Suffixes and the Silent e 41 Suffixes and the Final y 42 Doubling the Final Consonant 43 Forming Compound Words 44 Forming Plurals—General Rules I 45 Forming Plurals—General Rules II 46 Forming Plurals—Special Rules I 47 Forming Plurals—Special Rules II 48 Problem Words Spelling Problem Words I 49 Spelling Problem Words II 50 Spelling Problem Words III 51 Spelling Problem Words IV 52 Answers 53 iv Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Jenkins Celebrates Life Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 4–7 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World Say each word to yourself Then answer the questions that follow calypso maracas express melody broaden ripple inspire amidst informal encounter ■ A Word Association Complete each word group by writing a word from the list above that is closely associated with the other words or phrases say, tell, make known widen, develop, enlarge Bahamas, rhythm, drums song, tune, music rattles, instruments, shake ■ B Using Words in Sentences In each sentence below, cross out one or more words, and replace what you crossed out with a word from the list above Write the listed word above the part you crossed out Use your dictionary if you need help Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc We were surprised to meet up with a well-dressed gentleman in the alley She often wore jeans, T-shirts, and other casual clothes to work The movement of the rowboat caused only a small wave in the lake A trip to the library may bring about an interest in books It was difficult to hear the speaker in the middle of all the shouting The small rhythm instruments were hand painted with scenes from an island Grandfather played an old tune on his accordion Chang is trying to enlarge his understanding of how the heart and lungs work Jessica has a hard time trying to tell her feelings about moving to Tallahassee 10 When the band began to play the music from Trinidad, people jumped up to dance Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Featuring “The Freep!” Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 42–45 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World These words can also help you understand feature writing Say each word to yourself, and then answer the questions that follow Use a dictionary if needed reflect profile contemporary deem submit graphic impatient achieve collaboration publication ■ A Exploring Word Meanings Which word describes how a feature writer might feel when a story just won’t come out right? _ Which word names information that appears as charts, diagrams, or pictures instead of words? _ How you think collaboration might be related to a publication? Both reflect and deem mean “to think about” or “to consider.” But they are differ- ent in an important way Which of the two words also means “to judge”? Use a dictionary, and compare the definitions Complete each sentence to make the meaning of the underlined word clear The writer decided to take her notes on cards and then transfer them to Elena liked to read contemporary authors because _ Their work was a collaboration: Jen gathered the information, and Willow My mother deems it necessary for me to study because she knows that I want Before I decided to submit a poem, I Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Making the Meaning Clear Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Snyder Describes Gargoyles Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 110–113 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World Say each word to yourself Then answer the questions that follow Use a dictionary if needed overall precise vision highlight visualize ordinarily hesitation imaginative interpretation flamboyant ■ A Relating Words to Concepts Which word from the list means about the same thing as to picture? Which word describes a showy character? Which word describes a technique you might use to show the most important details in your notes? Which word in the list describes the kind of words a writer wants when she chooses an adjective like sizzling instead of one like hot? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Which word means the same as daily or commonly? ■ B Relating Words and Examples Give an example of each of the following underlined words: An action that shows hesitation A vision of the future Something that has been highlighted An imaginative book An interpretation of a dream Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Bethancourt Writes “User Friendly” Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 152–155 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World Say each word to yourself Then answer the questions that follow portable disarm summarize sly meddle resolve model artificial intelligence intimidate critical ■ A Recognizing Definitions Write the word or phrase from each group that matches the meaning of the underlined word Use a dictionary if needed summarize: prepare for summer; tell about briefly; elaborate; commit to memory intimidate: frighten; listen; imply; supply with raw materials portable: drinkable; edible; resistant to water; able to be carried resolve: remove weapons from; make up one’s mind; undo; handle with care Complete each sentence below so that the meaning of the underlined word is clear Use a dictionary to check meanings as needed Our class learned about artificial intelligence when we began our study of Tim began to meddle with my plans when he _ If you are critical of someone else’s work, you might _ It was very sly of Lauren to _ The writer said he modeled his main character after Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Completing Sentences Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Rand Explains Underwater Mysteries Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 196–199 Key Information Listed below are words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World Say each word to yourself Then use as many words as you need to answer the questions that follow You may use some words twice aquarium nocturnal reef impression curator prowl reputation predator misconception wriggling ■ A Word Association Which two words on the list name kinds of movement? Which two words refer to an animal’s need for food? How are curator and aquarium related? Which word refers to time? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Using Words in Sentences In each sentence below, cross out one or more words, and replace what you crossed out with a word from the list Write the listed word above the part you crossed out You may use your dictionary for help Pandas have a good name because they look cute and cuddly Are they really? Bats are active during the night The belief that wolves will attack humans is a wrong idea Her constant smile gave others the strong feeling that she was happy Tiny mice search silently and constantly along the riverbank for edible seeds The snake moved quickly, twisting and turning through the tall grass We went to the collection of sea exhibits housed in one building in Baltimore Elaine went snorkeling near the ridge of coral off Bahia Honda State Park The person in charge of the museum is an expert on Navajo art 10 The animal followed the fresh tracks made by its prey Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call Use with Writing in the Real World, pp 258–261 Key Information Listed below are some of the words that are important for understanding Writing in the Real World Say each word to yourself Then answer the questions that follow anecdote evidence surgeon knowledge persuasive admiration grumpily effectively literate confidence ■ A Word Association Write a word from the list that has the same or almost the same meaning as each of the following words or phrases Use your dictionary as needed belief in one’s ability physician convincing having skill in reading with a desired result facts for a trial ■ B Relating Words and Examples evidence: a photo showing a crime being committed; support for an idea in your writing; a small furry creature admiration: a smile that shows pleasure and positive feelings; a deposit in a bank account; praise for something well done grumpily: saying something slowly; doing something with a frown; getting out of bed with a complaint and a growl anecdote: story told to make a point; something to counteract a poison; narrative about a personal experience knowledge: understanding why the Declaration of Independence was written; being able to repair a leaky faucet; lifting more than one’s own weight Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc For each underlined word, cross out the phrase from each group that is not an example of the underlined word On the line write a correct example of your own Use a dictionary to check your answers Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals—General Rules II 46 Key Information To make the plural forms of nouns, you usually add s Here are some rules and exceptions for forming plurals Noun Ends in vowel + o consonant + o General Rule add s add s BUT sometimes add es Example radio → radios banjo → banjos echo → echoes f or ff add s BUT sometimes change f to v and add es puff → puffs change f to v and add es change f to v, drop e, add es calf → calves wife → wives lf fe thief → thieves ■ A Identifying Misspelled Words silos, photos, memoes patioes, rodeos, stereos cargoes, tomatos, heroes leafs, cuffs, loaves knives, lifes, wives wolfs, shelves, calves ■ B Analyzing Word Parts If the singular form of the word is given, write its plural form If the plural form is given, write its singular form kangaroo shelves zero echoes lives heroes elf roof 46 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Cross out the misspelled word in each set of plurals Write the correctly spelled word on the line Use a dictionary to check for exceptions to the general rules Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals—Special Rules I 47 Key Information Here are some more rules for forming plurals: Types of Words proper names Rule follow general rules for plurals Examples Kims Sanchezes compound words follow general rules for plurals blackberries dishpans hyphenated compounds and compounds with more than one word make the most important word plural brothers-in-law heads of state ■ A Spelling Words Correctly Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Write the plural form of each of the following words mother-in-law _ chief of staff _ toothbrush _ Jones _ McCormick _ pocketknife _ chief of police _ sailboat _ briefcase _ 10 spoonful _ ■ B Using Plurals in Sentences Write sentences in which you use the plural form of each of the words in the list below Write a sentence for each word, or use more than one word in a sentence Walz sister-in-law attorney general photocopy birthday Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 47 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 48 Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals—Special Rules II Key Information Here are some additional rules for forming plurals: • Some words are the same in the singular and plural forms sheep moose deer pants • A word may be the same in the singular and plural forms when used in one sense But it may have a different plural form when used in another sense Examples follow: The plural form fishes is generally used when referring to several species of fish We saw sharks, herring, and cod, and learned where these fishes feed In other senses, fish is the plural All my aquarium fish are healthy The plural form dozens is used when no number precedes it Malik has dozens of sweaters • Some words not follow common rules for forming plurals mouse, mice child, children goose, geese • Some words that refer to a group have only one form swine cattle hardware livestock ■ A Identifying and Correcting Spelling Errors kittens, gooses, mice _ deer, moose, childrens _ sharks, deers, men _ children, pants, womens _ ■ B Rewriting Sentences In the following sentences cross out words that are misspelled and write the correctly spelled words on the line Some sentences may have more than one misspelling If there is no misspelled word in a sentence, write correct Refer to a dictionary if necessary Is it true that reindeer give milk that is very rich in fat? _ The cattles we saw on the farm stood perfectly still and watched every step we took, but the swines ignored us completely Some of the livestocks on the ranch are milk cows, but most of the herds are being raised for beef _ 48 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Cross out the word in each set that contains a spelling error Then write the word’s correct spelling on the line Use a dictionary if you need one Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 49 Spelling Problem Words I Key Information It is easy to confuse words that sound or look somewhat alike Words accept except Meanings verb: receive, take, agree to preposition: but, other than verb: leave out affect effect verb: bring about a change noun: result all ready already completely ready by or before a given time all together altogether as a group completely its it’s possessive pronoun it is ■ A Using Words in Phrases Use a word from the list in the box to create a meaningful sentence Jorge has had a good on his friend’s attitude Since this is a family project, we should it Carmela bought the puppy because she couldn’t resist Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc floppy ears and big brown eyes Everyone came to the band concert Marlene and Robyn Are the guests here ? It’s too early! ■ B Identifying and Correcting Misspelled Words Circle the correctly used underlined word or words in each of the following pairs Then write a sentence using the other underlined word or words correctly does not affect me; does not effect me _ it’s not your turn; its not your turn _ Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 49 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 50 Spelling Problem Words II Key Information To avoid confusing the following words, you need to learn their meanings Word loose lose Meaning not tight to misplace; to have no longer Word to too two Meaning preposition: toward also more than one, less than three than then preposition: besides conjunction: as at that time whose who’s possessive pronoun who is their there they’re possessive pronoun in that place they are your you’re possessive pronoun you are ■ A Inferring Meaning from Context Complete each sentence by writing the correct word from the pair in parentheses Jennifer cannot find her woolen scarf Did she it? (lose, loose) The temperature is 85˚ F today Is it hotter yesterday? (than, then) I’m inviting Andres to my party invited, too! (You’re, Your) We’re going to Leominster Have you ever been ? It’s cold here Where’s hat? (your, you’re) ■ B Using Words in Sentences For each pair of words, write a sentence that includes both words whose, who’s _ to, too lose, loose _ you’re, your than, then _ 50 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (there, their, they’re) Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date Spelling Problem Words III 51 Key Information Remember to keep track of the words that are problems for you Make a list, and refer to it often librarian leisure environment accommodate canceled genius permanent license schedule truly jewelry niece immediate nuisance incident laboratory embarrass separating ■ A Spelling Words Correctly Use words from the box above to complete the puzzle s p u i m n em l e g n l n n n l a 10 i i ■ B Identifying and Correcting Spelling Errors Circle the misspelled word in each group below Find its correct spelling in the box above Then write a question in which you use the word, spelling it correctly Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc accomodate, beginning, humorous commercial, grammar, liesure choir, jewelery, vacuum cancelled, guarantee, occasion Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 51 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice Name Class Date 52 Spelling Problem Words IV Key Information Remember to keep track of the words that are problems for you Make a list, and refer to it often sincerely dissatisfied convenient blaze government recognized molasses canoe February definite muscles height analyze succeed forty original ■ A Distinguishing Between Correctly and Incorrectly Spelled Words Use the words in the box to help you find six correctly spelled words in the puzzle The words are written from left to right and top to bottom Then write the correctly spelled words on the lines W E N S D A Y F O R T Y A H D I A N S E R E O V C E M E T A R Y I C M A A I C Z I L I A G O O R N G F E G Y Y B I M R I O H J I P Z T A N E O A E T U M N E H K A N W T B L A Z E I M O L D A Y ■ B Replacing Misspelled Words in Sentences Cross out the misspelled word in each sentence Find its correct spelling in the box above Write the correct spelling above the crossed-out word My mother has her own theories about how exercise develops mussles Brad is sinserely interested in foreign travel The senator travels frequently, taking care of goverment business Our physician told us that she receives the most calls and visits during Feburary I don’t think the Cozy Corner Restaurant will suceed if it doesn’t lower its prices The colonel was disatisfied with the way the troops performed yesterday The city council reconized the seriousness of the traffic problems Some diseases not have definate signs, or symptoms 52 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Answers ■ PAGE Part B Answers should indicate the following: reluctance or an actual pause an idea that looks forward; a view of something that hasn’t happened yet the process of selecting or choosing by coloring or otherwise calling attention to some parts of a whole creativity finding meaning in an event or image Jenkins Celebrates Life Part A express broaden calypso melody maracas Part B Replace meet up with with encounter Replace casual with informal Replace small wave with ripple Replace bring about with inspire Replace in the middle of with amidst Replace small rhythm instruments with maracas Replace tune with melody Replace enlarge with broaden Replace tell with express 10 Replace music from Trinidad with calypso ■ PAGE Featuring “The Freep!” Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A impatient graphic The following answers are representative People might collaborate to get something ready for publication Both reflect and deem suggest thinking about something, but deem suggests a judgment Part B Answers should emphasize the following ideas: Notes are changed from one method of recording to another, such as to a computer or notebook Elena feels they use language she can understand Willow joined Jen in the process on an equal basis The speaker indicates a desire to achieve a goal that involves studying The speaker shows a knowledge of preparation required before sending a poem to a publisher or contest ■ PAGE Snyder Describes Gargoyles Part A visualize flamboyant highlight precise ordinarily ■ PAGE Bethancourt Writes “User Friendly” Part A tell about briefly frighten able to be carried make up one’s mind Part B Answers should emphasize the following: computers, robots interfering; becoming involved in something without being asked inclined to find fault sneakiness, cleverness looking to another as a source of inspiration or guidance ■ PAGE Rand Explains Underwater Mysteries Part A prowl, wriggling prowl, predator A curator might be the director of an aquarium nocturnal Part B Replace name with reputation Replace active during the night with nocturnal Replace wrong idea with misconception Replace strong feeling with impression Replace search with prowl Replace twisting and turning with wriggling Replace collection of sea exhibits housed in one building with aquarium Replace ridge of coral with reef Replace person in charge of the museum with curator 10 Replace animal with predator ■ PAGE Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call Part A confidence surgeon persuasive literate effectively evidence Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 53 Answers Part B Examples will vary a small furry creature a deposit in a bank account saying something slowly something to counteract a poison lifting more than one’s own weight ■ PAGE The Diary of Latoya Hunter, Latoya Hunter mature communicate ■ PAGE The Clay Marble, Minfong Ho Part B ceremoniously wistfully massive earnest deftly fragment nestle wistfully 10 precious flourish nestle fragment ember ■ PAGE The Gathering, Virginia Hamilton Part A understatement presence comprehend obscure illuminate Part B glinting emit comprehend descend obscure 54 Part A bewitch tormented somber Part B downpour survivor bewitched fantastic temple vanish fantastic 10 tormented prosperity abroad vanished somber ■ PAGE 11 Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative: The man was pathetic in his desperate efforts to board the plane Sean was able to communicate innumerable details about his new video game Sooner or later every individual comes to the realization that people need people Mature behavior does not include envy Tanya was able to empathize with the individual problems of the characters Part A ember deftly precious “A Huge Black Umbrella,” Marjorie Agosín Living Treasure, Laurence Pringle Part A oasis geyser classify destruction species Part B In a rain forest the canopy provides homes for many species Some organisms are microscopic Scientists can now investigate topics that have never been studied before An entomologist must extensive field work Scientists estimate that there are thirty million species of insects in the world ■ PAGE 12 “The Liberry,” Bel Kaufman Part A without a name to put an end to not being able to read or write persistent to flood Part B Answers should emphasize the following: an action that is forced upon one goods such as clothing and accessories important action or consideration inventiveness; a new idea suffering through or putting up with something ■ PAGE 13 Using Context Clues: Definition 10 presence illuminate singe component understatement Part A The following answers are representative: bring up open; straightforward wanders; winds economic well-being; wealth Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A realization circulate envy ■ PAGE 10 Answers Part B The following answers are representative: Jennifer acted with blatant, or obvious, disregard for the rules This was one time when Michael did not wish to err; that is, he wanted to avoid making a mistake Part B Answers will vary, but the meaning of each underlined word should be made clear through contrast ■ PAGE 14 Part A however; calm, peaceful however; helpful unlike; light, small, not enough unlike; often however; open, honest Using Context Clues: Example Part A such as—places where creatures live; environments for example—healthful food for instance—not able to be heard for example—overly Part B Answers should emphasize the following: daring, bold, or irrational acts sign or symptom that signals a return to a state of illness large crowds ■ PAGE 15 Using Context Clues: Comparison I Part B Answers will vary, but each sentence completion should show the meaning of the underlined word by comparison ■ PAGE 16 Using Context Clues: Comparison II Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Using Context Clues: Contrast II Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative: Unlike Zach, who never did his work on time, Ramona was a very conscientious student The answer Otis gave seemed logical; Mr Jhabverian said it did not make sense, however A cat stalking shadows seems immature; however, a cat behaving the same way while hunting seems skilled and careful ■ PAGE 19 Using Context Clues: Cause and Effect I Part A too; take out similarly; listened to Part A as; practice as; no flavor resembled; sad ■ PAGE 18 also; many as; forced Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative: The hat was gaudy; similarly, the coat was bright and flashy Her essays were always neat and legible; likewise, her math papers were always neat and easy to read The children were weary from shopping, and they were also tired because they had been up late the night before ■ PAGE 17 Using Context Clues: Contrast I Part A but; pale on the other hand; mockery on the other hand; keep but; able to be seen Part A as a result; difficult, requiring effort therefore; rough, incomplete because; desperate therefore; excused Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative examples The class objected to the new lunchroom rules; therefore, they were eventually changed The child often deceived us; as a result, we didn’t always believe her when she told the truth ■ PAGE 20 Using Context Clues: Cause and Effect II Part A surprised; suddenly interrupted and caught off guard loud and shrill sound loud, harsh sound named Part B The following answers are samples: The dim light and strange silence made the cave seem eerie Marina cannot get a valid license because she is not yet sixteen Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 55 Answers Roots I Part A Answers will vary, but the following are representative: The root graph means “written,” and the graphite is the part of the pencil that makes marks The root auto means “self,” and automation is a process by which machines (driven by computers) operate by themselves Bio means “life,” so the biota is made up of living things—plants and animals Mobile means “able to be moved, possessing the quality of movement.” People in our society move frequently The terminal is at the end of the route—from the root meaning “end.” Part B calligraphy terminated automation ■ PAGE 22 Roots II Part A dict-, say vis-, vid-, see cycl-, circle Part B The scientist frequently used the microscope The number two in 42=16 is a superscript She has allergies that are chronic ■ PAGE 23 Prefixes I Part A The following answers are samples: in; not acting effectively il; against the law re; to link or join together again super; beyond, or faster than, other conductors sub; a contractor working for, or under, another Part B untidy illiterate subterranean ■ PAGE 24 Prefixes II Part A bifocals semiconscious tripod unity biped 56 Part B Answers should emphasize the following: ability to speak and/or write two languages one of a kind; unlike any other three separate parts or individuals, such as a group of musicians characterized by light rainfall divide something, such as a line or angle, in half ■ PAGE 25 Suffixes I Part A -ship; state of being a citizen -hood; state of being a brother or person involved in a common cause -ness; state of being polite -ness; state of being mean -ship; state of being related by blood Part B statehood; state of being a state relationship; state of being related or involved eagerness; state of being eager ownership; state of being an owner wastefulness; state of being wasteful ■ PAGE 26 Suffixes II Part A oafish regional artist musician national Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative: Yes, if it gets dirty No, only someone from Brazil is a Brazilian Yes, because he or she specializes in a particular area of knowledge No, because such a storm forms only in warm places like those in or near the tropics Yes, one who plays in the last game of a tournament is a finalist ■ PAGE 27 Synonyms I Part A The following are possible answers: rehearsal power underhanded, furtive modify courage Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 21 Answers Part B The following cluster words are representative: state, express, tell, aver, announce, utter, convey, declare, communicate Sentences will vary depending upon students’ selection ■ PAGE 28 Synonyms II Part A The following answers are representative: salute sob giggle think, consider unfamiliar Part B The following answers are representative: harvest scolded development genuine sneaky, dishonest angry delicate small, miniscule Antonyms I illegal inappropriate Part B The following answers are representative: Liana likes the simple buildings in some parts of town Is it true that cats have dull vision? The team will commence its program for beginners next June The lotion seems to soothe skin There’s a penalty for that type of behavior ■ PAGE 30 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Homonyms Part A The following answers are representative: wax; a natural substance that is pliable and not soluble in water dove; past tense of the verb dive litter; trash Do, dew; you, ewe, yew; know, no; tale, tail gait, gate; so, sew; I, eye Part B The sentences below are representative: tear: homograph; A tear rolled down her cheek would: homophone; The birdhouse is built of oak wood taut: homophone; We taught him to speak Spanish ■ PAGE 32 Borrowed Words ■ PAGE 29 Part A immature disregard inflexible ■ PAGE 31 Antonyms II Part A The following answers are representative: boiling, sizzling, sweltering filthy, grimy, grubby finish, complete, terminate chained, enslaved, imprisoned, or expensive, costly, dear lively, energetic, vivacious stingy, miserly, tight Part B Answers will vary, but the following are representative: Lowering the porch made it wheelchair-accessible from the house Li’s actions were calm Everyone has heard stories of courage in battle Grandma is quick to reply to my letters We were aware of Jack and Simon’s friendship Luis was saddened with his report card Sandra noticed the gloomy atmosphere in the workroom Do you think Constanza is shy? Part A Irish Dutch Italian Spanish Japanese 10 Czech Chinese Arabic German Algonquian (Native American) Part B The sentences are representative: Lauren liked the hominy because she enjoys any type of corn dish (Algonquian) In the small cabin, pouring water on the hot rocks created a hot, steamy sauna (Finnish) She was dressed in cotton, a gingham skirt and blouse (Malayan) Roosevelt’s family always served candied yams instead of white potatoes on Thanksgiving (Bantu or Bambara) ■ PAGE 33 Using a Dictionary I Part A nar-rator or narra-tor a noun Latin a person who tells Part B The answers are representative: I received a set of encyclopedias for my birthday Set the box on the table, and we can see inside In a husky voice the speaker told us he had a cold The husky linebacker ate sixteen pancakes Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 57 Answers ■ PAGE 34 ■ PAGE 37 Using a Dictionary II Using a Thesaurus Part A prep., preposition adj., adjective; n., noun; adv., adverb n., noun; adj., adjective; v.i., intransitive verb; v.t., transitive verb n., noun; v.t., transitive verb; v.i., intransitive verb adj., adjective; adv., adverb Part A gossip expired outmoded designated pompous Part B executive hostile crowd tastefully consternation ■ PAGE 35 Using a Dictionary III Part A The answers are representative: the sound a dog makes; the outer covering of a tree’s trunk; a boat nice, generous, sympathetic; a natural group or division Part B The answers are representative: a carpenter’s tool for shaving wood; We boarded the plane at the Butte International Airport care, object; That child has a strong will and knows her own mind recognition, reward; The troubled shopper decided to cut up all his credit cards ■ PAGE 36 Using a Dictionary IV Part A Middle English, Old English French Latin Latin Middle English, French, Latin Middle English, Old English Part B The following sentences are representative: It was a tall and grand edifice, as grand as any of the older buildings (Middle English, French, Latin) People know the debt is growing, and they worry about this deficit (Latin) Diamonds from the mine are used as cutting tools (Middle English, French, Latin, Greek) Did you read the propaganda to learn the facts about both sides of the question? (Latin) Between which two colors does green appear in a spectrum? (Middle English, Old English) 58 ■ PAGE 38 Spelling Rules: ie and ei Part A Correctly spelled words are as follows: lies received chief believed weight, height Neither, niece Part B The following answers are representative: The ceilings in the mansion were fifteen feet high His veins had large deposits of cholesterol in them The pier collapsed into the sea The heir to the throne was only twelve years old ■ PAGE 39 Spelling Rules: Unstressed Vowels Part A superior memories fantasy origin legal Part B These sentences are representative: The spoiled three-year-old had very definite ideas about what he wanted The editor of our school newspaper is Shira Goldstein, a junior Although that tune is familiar, I can’t remember its name The Bears posted a 42–7 victory over the previously undefeated Lions We were glad to see so many people at Mr Riggi’s funeral ■ PAGE 40 Spelling Rules: Adding Prefixes Part A Correctly spelled words are as follows: illegal superhuman precook uniform dishonest bimonthly incomplete unneeded impossible Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B These sentences are representative: verb; It was my first encounter with the animal adjective; A pedestrian should always use the crosswalk noun; As Marc retold the story, he began to blur the details adverb; Through these halls pass the world’s finest children Answers Part B semicircle illogical unseen underpaid discourteously, in a discourteous manner ■ PAGE 41 Spelling Rules: Suffixes and the Silent e Part A creation rescuing canoeing guidance severely Part B likely arguing rehearsal 10 observant priceless improving intensely loving correct correct ■ PAGE 42 Spelling Rules: Suffixes and the Final y Part A prettier carrying happiest obeying funnier Part B The following sentences are representative: The disappearance of the story’s villain was mystifying to the detectives Jason was buoyed by his life jacket when he became too tired to swim Mr Sullivan grew angrier as the hours went by Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 43 Spelling Rules: Doubling the Final Consonant Part A admitted fully preference orbited exited Part B permitted difference Part B The following sentences are representative: The batter on deck kept glancing nervously at the scoreboard The store owner said most videotapes are rented on weekends I cleaned up the counters; meanwhile, Hank swept the floor We need to catch the 4:20 P.M flight; otherwise, we’ll be traveling all night The lighthouse on Cape Hatteras will soon be moved to a new site ■ PAGE 45 Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals— General Rules I Part A mailboxes delays treaties brushes Part B The following sentences are representative: Lida is taking three classes People have been taking better care of the beaches on the Atlantic coast The ladies and gentlemen of the Garden Club planted flowers at all the major intersections My cousin Dan has a large collection of decoys used for hunting ■ PAGE 46 Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals— General Rules II Part A memos patios tomatoes leaves lives wolves Part B kangaroos shelf zeros echo life hero elves roofs ■ PAGE 47 Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals— Special Rules I ■ PAGE 44 Spelling Rules: Forming Compound Words Part A The following answers may appear in any order note + book = notebook water + proof = waterproof base + ball = baseball spring + time = springtime sun + rise = sunrise over + come = overcome Part A mothers-in-law chiefs of staff toothbrushes Joneses McCormicks pocketknives chiefs of police sailboats briefcases 10 spoonfuls Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 59 Answers ■ PAGE 48 Spelling Rules: Forming Plurals— Special Rules II Part A geese children deer women Part B correct cattle, swine livestock ■ PAGE 49 Spelling Problem Words I Part A effect all together its except already Part B The following sentences are representative: affect; The rainy weather has little effect on the crops it’s; The foal ran to its mother ■ PAGE 50 Spelling Problem Words II Part A lose than You’re there your ■ PAGE 51 Spelling Problem Words III Part A schedule permanent embarrass license librarian incident nuisance genius laboratory 10 immediate Part B Questions will vary The following sentences are representative: accomodate; Can the restaurant accommodate such a large group without a reservation? liesure; Do you have the leisure to play tennis? jewelery; Did you keep the jewelry your grandmother gave you? cancelled; Why on earth have they canceled that game? ■ PAGE 52 Spelling Problem Words IV Part A The following answers can appear in any order: forty canoe height analyze original blaze Part B muscles sincerely government February succeed dissatisfied recognized definite Part B The following sentences are representative: Who’s the one that asked whose hat and gloves we found? I’ve been to the Philippines; someday I plan to visit Guam too That earring’s so loose that you’re sure to lose it You’re going to make your mother happy with those grades! Stand by this wall; then I’ll prove I’m taller than you are 60 Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B These sentences are representative Sentences may include two or more of the listed words The Walzes, who live next door, built a skylight in the kitchen Jorge’s sisters-in-law own a restaurant The attorneys general from the northern states met in Helena The photocopies were clear and colorful Some families celebrate birthdays rather extravagantly ... Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 878 7 Orion Place Columbus, OH 4324 0-4 0 27 ISBN: 97 8-0 -0 7- 8 8 978 1-8 MHID: 0-0 7- 8 8 978 1-5 Printed in the United States of America 10 024 12 11 10 09 08 i_ii_Anc_88 978 1.indd 4 /7/ 08 3:19:36... other hand, it can unexpect- edly run _ Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade 17 Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice. .. Writer’s Choice: Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice, Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Making the Meaning Clear Vocabulary and Spelling Strategies and Practice